Balcony in a private house above the porch: design features and its construction. Balcony in a private house: the main points to consider when arranging Balcony construction options for an already built house

The facades of private houses are full of variety. What kind of architectural delights you will not see on the streets of cities and on the Internet.

Houses are decorated with small porches, massive terraces and verandas, sometimes even around the entire perimeter of the building, columns, statues and much, much more. Today we will talk about a balcony in a private house above the porch. Consider what it can be, and whether it is possible to do it yourself.

And we will talk according to tradition - about the types of balconies, design, materials from which they can be made, not forgetting to mention what difficulties a person will face when starting such a construction.

Advantages and disadvantages

So, it is important to know that the construction of a balcony is possible only if the main building has at least two floors or at least has an attic. In addition to the aesthetic component, the balcony is also needed for exercise or entertainment. The balcony is a great place for indoor plants, which also decorate it additionally.

"Flowering Balcony" - a joy for a housewife

This is the first plus of this design - the ability to decorate the facade and create a unique individual appearance of the building. The balcony above the porch in a private house gives it completeness.
Of the functional features, we note that the balcony is an additional evacuation exit from the building in case of fire. Since there is a porch below it, you can always carefully go down the supports and beams if it is no longer possible to go through the main exit. Perhaps the people who came to the rescue will be able to stretch the stairs to you. Plus, if the room is very smoky, the balcony will allow you to get away from carbon monoxide and breathe oxygen.

The balcony is also a great place to smoke. Helps out when household members cannot stand the smell of tobacco. This aspect can also be considered an additional strengthening of fire safety at home.
Access to fresh air - if people with disabilities live in the house, it is very difficult for them to get out into the street, a balcony may be the only way out.

Now a little about the cons of balconies:

The construction of such a structure will require you to have a project that will contain complex calculations for weight, dimensions, maximum load, amount of material, and so on. Such work can only be done by a qualified specialist, and it is better to do it at the design stage of the main structure.
It is important to optimally choose the location of the balcony and decide on the rationality of its construction so that it does not become useless and inconvenient.
The presence of a balcony greatly affects the heat loss of the building during the heating season, due to the fact that the main walls are partially replaced by thin doorways. This problem especially affects cantilever extensions, which also transfer heat through the ceilings.
It is better to lay the budget for a balcony at the design stage of a building, since the price of work will increase if you start attaching a balcony to an already erected building.

That seems to be all, other aspects are either not worth attention, or can be solved with a timely and competent approach.

Balcony designs

The balcony can be monolithically connected with the house or adjoin it as an independent structure.

Both options include the following items:

balcony slab- made of reinforced concrete, metal or wood, is the main part;
supports- additional load-bearing elements, when flying over a long distance;
fencing- a parapet mounted for security purposes around the entire perimeter of the balcony;
Visor- although not a mandatory detail, but a very necessary and useful one. The balcony itself protects from precipitation, and the people who are on it.

A balcony with a cantilever slab immured in the wall - as many have already guessed, such a slab is installed during the laying of the walls. It is embedded into the wall to a certain depth. It is important to know that the maximum reach of such a design, due to its considerable weight, cannot exceed 1 meter.

Balcony based on beams - in this case, the scheme is similar to the previous one, but the slab is replaced by two massive beams, on top of which boards or a concrete slab can be laid. The maximum width of this design does not exceed 1m 20 cm.

Balcony resting on triangular brackets - most often this scheme is used when attaching a balcony over an open porch without a canopy. Wood or metal is used as a support material, the platform frame is attached to the house and filled. Sometimes you can see that old cantilever balconies are strengthened in this way.

Triangular brackets made of metal can be beautifully decorated with figures cast from concrete. The width of the balcony is up to 150 centimeters.

A balcony on supports is another option for an attached balcony. The structure rests on columns that are firmly connected to a separate foundation. The size of such a balcony is limited only by the space under it and the designer's imagination, since it does not increase the load on the walls and foundation of the house.

Very often, the listed construction techniques can be combined with each other, which makes the structure more durable and original.

What can a balcony be built from?

The type of material from which you have to build a balcony mainly depends on the facade of the house to which it is attached. Most often, materials of the same type are used, which, in harmony with each other, create a feeling of solidity and completeness of the overall composition.

Although many prefer to combine different types of materials, making both the balcony and the porch a bright contrasting spot on the overall facade of the building.

Concrete

If your house is built of brick and concrete, then the best solution would be to use reinforced concrete as the main material for the balcony.

Here are the main features associated with the use of this material:

The supporting platform or beams are pinched in the wall of the house. Their metal mortgages are connected by welding with the same floor elements, or with powerful anchors that are securely fastened. If there is a possibility that the wall of the house cannot cope with the increased load, support pillars are additionally installed.
Concrete slabs are driven into brick walls along the entire length.
The top level of the slab should be 10 to 12 centimeters lower than the main floor level.
The surface of the slab is positioned in such a way as to form a 2% slope, in relation to the main plane of the walls of the building, in order to ensure a natural outflow of liquid during rains.
A waterproofing layer is arranged on the slab, on top of which a concrete screed is mounted.
The door threshold to the balcony should be 10 centimeters above the level of its floor.

Like any other balcony, the concrete one is equipped with railings. For the monumentality of the design, they can also be made of reinforced concrete. Wooden, wrought iron and simple metal fences are also suitable - the main thing is to maintain the general architectural style, and avoid conspicuous blunders.

Advice! Again, we repeat that such work without proper experience and knowledge is carried out at great risk. Without imagining the final look in your head beforehand, you are doing everything at random.

Wood

Wood is a lightweight material that is mainly used for attached balconies. However, if the house itself is made of timber, logs or a wooden frame, then consoles can be immediately provided in its design.

The following requirements and recommendations are imposed on wooden balconies:

For the manufacture of load-bearing structural elements, wooden beams are used, the cross section is not less than 100x200 mm.
All parts of the timber in contact with soil, brick and concrete must be fired or covered with bituminous mastics in order to obtain a water-repellent effect.
Beams should be placed at a distance of 80 cm from each other, in the absence of additional supports.
The load-bearing beams of the attached balconies are attached to the main walls using stainless steel corners and powerful anchors that can withstand heavy loads.
Logs filling the space between the main beams should be 50x100 mm in section. They are fastened with the same corners, or installed in the grooves sawn under them.
The load-bearing posts of the fence must also freely support the weight of a person. For them, it is better to use bars with a section of 40x100 mm. They are attached to studs or bolts.
The flooring must also be durable and not bend under the weight of people walking on it. For an open balcony, it is recommended to use boards with a thickness of 4 centimeters or more.

We'll talk about railings a little later.

It is very important to remember that the tree suffers greatly from exposure to ultraviolet radiation and precipitation. Over time, it loses not only its external attractiveness, but also its strength, which is unacceptable for suspended structures. Therefore, you must protect the wood flooring as much as possible.

Be sure to cover the wooden porch with a canopy to reduce the amount of precipitation that falls on it;
Treat wood with flame retardants to make it fire resistant;
Impregnations and paints and varnishes are applied to the surface of the timber to finally protect it from moisture, rot and mold. Such processing should be carried out periodically.
Treatment with an insecticide is welcome, which can eat through the body of boards and beams until dust forms.

Instructions for processing all of these compositions are indicated on the label by the manufacturer. Doing it yourself will not be difficult.

Metal

The frame for the balcony can be made not only from wood, but also from metal. This material, although heavier, is still significantly inferior in this parameter to reinforced concrete structures.

But at the same time:

The metal is very durable, and retains this property for a very long time, even when exposed to corrosion. Well, if it is processed in time, such a design can last a hundred years.
Metal parts are connected by welding, which makes the structures of them monolithic.
It is possible to manufacture forged elements from metal, which can be used to decorate any balconies.

Such balconies can be both capital, with the laying of consoles from channels, and attached, assembled from separate corners and pipes into a single frame.
The balcony area is filled with various materials - the main thing is to observe the strength of the structure.

As you understand, balconies structurally differ little from each other, but when installing, you must definitely know exactly the maximum allowable dimensions and loads. All these values are calculated by a professional designer.

Attention! By refusing to comply with the required standards, you take full responsibility for the collapse of the structure. You should not save on such a dangerous building element as a balcony.

Other details of balconies

What else did we not mention when discussing the design of balconies? This, of course, fences and roofing.

Parapets

The parapets of the balcony are a looped series of balustrades. This element is mounted to ensure the safety of people on the balcony, but this does not mean that it cannot be beautiful and decorate the facade of the building. Since our balcony is located above the porch, that is, in plain sight - this applies to him to a greater extent.

The following requirements are imposed on the parapet:

The fence must be free to withstand vertical loads of 100 kg or more.
The use of horizontal balustrade filling elements is not recommended if small children can go out onto the balcony. On them they can climb up and fall.
The distance between the balusters at the widest point should not be more than 15 cm. If it comes to a child again, then we reduce this value to 10, or use shields made of wood or glass as filling.
The height of the handrail at the peak can be from 90 cm and above.
All elements must be securely fastened without play and rotation.

Outwardly, you are free to decorate the parapet as you like, using any materials you like for this. Do not forget to take into account that the mass of the fence and other elements, together with the people on the balcony, should not exceed the maximum allowable values.

The roof of your house

Above the porch, the balcony is often equipped with an additional visor. Although this element is not mandatory, like a parapet, it will definitely decorate the structure and increase its service life.

The canopy is designed to protect you and your home from the vagaries of the weather. They are made mainly of slate, polycarbonate, ondulin, corrugated board and metal tiles. Each material has its own styling features and price, which determines the design budget.

Polycarbonate is considered the easiest to perform, as it is lightweight, easy to cut and bend. Anyone who knows how to hold a screwdriver in their hands can install such a canopy.

Canopies over the balcony can be of the following type:

The main roof of the building can hang over the balcony. Naturally, such a decision is a premeditated, prepared project.

Single-sided - the simplest design. The angle of inclination of the roof provides an unhindered outflow of rain and melt water.

Gable - a canopy with straight lines, which will allow precipitation to leave even more efficiently.

"Marquise" is a light, airy solution that will decorate the house and protect the balcony from the scorching sun.

Various variations of arched, domed and other curved surfaces - this solution is very original and reliable, but for its manufacture you will need to hire qualified craftsmen.

Balcony design

Well, in conclusion, here is a small photo selection with beautiful original facades with balconies. After the presented gallery, you will also find a video in this article, where you can also learn a lot of interesting information on the topic.

This concludes our story. As you can see, a porch with a balcony in a private house is convenient, safe, beautiful and practical. We wish you a flight of fancy when decorating your houses, but do not forget about the safety of this facade element.

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Not always projects of private houses include balconies. As a rule, this architectural structure then has to be created and finished independently. You can build a balcony with your own hands in a private house, but the method of creating it will be somewhat different from the traditional one.

How to create and equip a structure?

First of all, before starting any work, you need to decide where and what size the structure will be, after that you can choose the design that is suitable for your case. As a rule, it is a hinged structure, which forms a single whole system with the facade of the building. For obvious reasons, it is no longer possible to install a solid slab in a private, ready-made building, so you have to use other available options.

Types of balconies in private houses can be different. It can be a structure located on the first or second floor. For the first floor, a balcony is usually called an open terrace, but this is not entirely true, since these are structurally different things, since the terrace is located on the ground, and the balcony is a hinged structure. There are two ways to create a balcony: the first - the structure will be suspended, it clings to the wall with the help of special fasteners. For example, in this way you can place a French balcony. The overall and heavy design for this method is not suitable. If you need a full-fledged one, it can be installed on columns, in fact, it will be a separate building on pillars, closely adjacent to the house. However, there may be other projects.

Before choosing a design, it is worth exploring the types of balconies in private houses; a photo will help you decide if you can build something similar or not and determine how it will look in combination with your facade.

Positive and negative sides of the balcony

Beautiful balconies in private houses can decorate the facade and even perform certain useful functions, however, before embarking on a rather complicated and expensive work, you should firmly decide whether you need a balcony and, if so, which one. The building has both pros and cons. The first ones include the following:

The design can decorate the facade, make it aesthetically more attractive and complete, you can improve the design of your home, make it unusual.
On the balcony, you can store various items that take up space in the house, but cannot be placed, for example, in a barn.
If you smoke, it is not necessary to go outside, you can do it on the balcony or by opening the balcony door.
If people live in the house who cannot go out into the yard without outside help, but need fresh air, for example, pensioners or the disabled, a hinged structure can be useful for them.
On the balcony you can equip a room to relax or sleep in hot weather.
in a private house it is also useful from the point of view of fire safety, as it is an additional exit in case of smoke or fire.
On the constructed structure, you can organize a winter garden and not take up space on the site for this.

It's worth looking at the cons as well. These include the following:

Design work will cost more, as well as construction, since the design is more complex.
Even if you build a balcony yourself, you will have to purchase materials for it, and this is a considerable expense.
If the structure is open, the house will lose heat through the balcony door.
It is quite difficult to determine a comfortable place where the balcony should be located.
If the house is already ready, and there was no balcony in the project, you will have to break through the wall for the doorway.

Do-it-yourself erection: the nuances of the procedure

If you need balconies in a private house, the outdoor version can be built without the involvement of outside labor. This will save enough money, while creating the desired design with a relatively small investment of time. When calculating the fastenings, it is necessary to take into account not only the mass of the balcony itself, but also the weight of the people and furniture that will be on it.

According to the type of construction, balconies are divided into cantilever and attached, the latter types can be based on columns or a wall. The cantilever structure does not require additional supports, but has width restrictions, it should not be more than 2 meters. The cantilever balcony is attached with brackets.

It is easiest to build a wooden balcony with your own hands, since wood is a fairly affordable and easy-to-use material, and such a balcony will look attractive in combination with any facade. In order to make it more convenient to fix such a balcony, it is recommended to leave load-bearing beams during the construction of the house, which will protrude beyond the wall. If the house is already ready, then you will not be able to use the floor as the basis for the balcony. You will have to create support racks from a bar; for this, material 150x50 mm is used. The beam is attached with the help of anchors and metal consoles. You need to choose them according to the characteristics of the wall of the house. The reliability of the design will depend on the quality of the fasteners, so they will need to be given special attention.

If you use a structure with columns, you can use a beam with a section of 100x100 mm for their construction. It is important to monitor the vertical arrangement of the columns. For their proper fixation, you can use struts, which will need to be removed after completion of work. A wooden balcony has a small mass, so a columnar foundation is suitable for it. You can attach columns to it with the help of corners. The longer the balcony, the more columns will be required.

After the products are ready, mount the cross beam. It will be required for the load-bearing beams of the floor of the structure. It is better to mount the beam from above, this method is more reliable than end-to-end. The beam is installed on the columns below the support beam, which comes out of the wall of the house. The flooring is done with a slight slope of about two degrees. It is necessary that it be lower than the floor of the house, otherwise moisture will flow into the room.

In a private house it is optional, but if needed, it can also be fixed using beams with a section of 150x50 mm. It is better to attach them with the help of roof consoles; they are fixed on the support bars in increments of 50 cm. As a material for the roof, you can use corrugated board or, having stuffed plywood, place a soft roof.

Creation of a protective structure

In a private house, it plays an important role, because without a suitable railing, a balcony is not only inconvenient, but also dangerous. In addition, thanks to the railing, the design looks complete. You can use wood as a fence or order forged gratings that go well with a wooden frame, make the design more interesting from a design point of view.

Self-tapping studs, corners or brackets are used to connect the fence posts and load-bearing beams; the fence must withstand heavy loads, especially if you plan to install glazing. Railings are best installed at a height of 1200 mm.

The balcony-veranda of a private house can also be a rather interesting solution. Since the veranda already has supports, you can use them as a base for a balcony. In this case, its floor will become a roof over the veranda, but it is also desirable to place a visor above the balcony itself. You can build it from lightweight materials such as polycarbonate. This material will reliably protect the floor of the balcony from precipitation, it weighs little and is easily mounted on a wooden base using self-tapping screws.

In a private house , in fact, it is not limited by anything, and you can proceed from your own taste, financial possibilities, facade style. The wooden construction is not only convenient for installation, but also goes well with almost any facade, with the exception of the High-Tech style and other modern trends. However, if it is properly painted and decorated, it will fit into this style. Forged metal elements go well with wooden balconies, every detail can be painted in any color, decorated in other ways.

Knowing how to make a balcony in a private house, you can add a comfortable zest to your home, spending a minimum of money and getting an interesting design structure. At the same time, it does not matter at what stage of construction your building is: a balcony on columns can be mounted even after the house has been built.

At the mention of a balcony, a picture of a multi-storey building pops up in the mind, on the facade of which a significant number of such modules are located. But balconies are also used in private homes. Does it really have a practical use in such a structure? This, as well as possible options for a balcony for a private house, will be discussed in the article.

Do I need a balcony in a private house

Only the owner of the house can answer this question unambiguously. To make it easier to decide, you need to weigh all the pros and cons of owning a balcony. The positives include:

giving individuality;
easy access to fresh air;
additional seating area;
fire safety improvement;
providing a canopy for the terrace.

In a private house, a balcony can serve as a decoration for the facade. To do this, it must be formatted accordingly. A building with a balcony looks more attractive than one that has a bare wall. With a balcony, access to the street is simplified. Usually balconies are provided only in houses that have two or more floors.

And this means that you do not have to go down to the first floor to get fresh air. The balcony can be an additional seating area. With enough space, you can place armchairs or a sofa on it, as well as a coffee table where you can spend time with your family.

If you put sun loungers on the balcony, then it will perfectly serve as a solarium. It can also accommodate clothes dryers. Fresh air has an antiseptic effect, so it is better to dry clothes in this way. The balcony can serve as an emergency exit. To do this, it is necessary to provide a removable ladder.

If the room turned out to be smoky, then it will be easy to leave through the balcony. Under the balcony there can be a porch or a terrace for relaxation. This means that they do not have to come up with an additional roof. The balcony will do just fine with her role. It is worth mentioning the disadvantages of such a module:

additional expenses;
the importance of accurate calculations;
additional heat loss;
design complexity.

The construction of a balcony in a private house carries with it additional expenses, which can increase the estimate by a large amount. This is especially true in cases where the installation of the block is carried out after the completion of the construction of the house. Not every master will be able to make accurate calculations, so you should not get down to business on your own without relevant experience.

If you want to do everything with your own hands, it is better to order a finished project and strictly follow the recommendations indicated in it. Windows and doors are one of the main sources of heat loss. This also applies to the mentioned design. The exit door can increase the consumption of heat carriers by a certain amount.

When initially designing a house, it can be difficult to determine the best block location. This leads to the fact that the owners rarely use the balcony after construction is completed. The reasons for this phenomenon may be unaccounted for prevailing winds that will blow directly into the block, which will make it impossible to stay on it. If the neighbor's house is located too close, then this can also create certain difficulties, since over time a building with a height may appear that will block the view.

Design Options

All types of modules for recreation can be divided depending on which design is chosen, as well as on the material used for manufacturing. In the first variant, there are:

open;
closed.

The difference between the two designs lies in the presence of glazing. The first option is used more often, because it requires less cost not only during construction, but also during maintenance. The open balcony perfectly copes with the task of decorating the facade of the building. In this case, special attention must be paid to how exactly the finishing is performed. The materials or color must match those used for the façade.

The closed balcony has glazing throughout the area. This approach significantly increases the cost of the project, but it certainly has its advantages. For example, thanks to this design, it is possible to reduce heat loss from a wall that is closed with glazing. In addition, it is comfortable to be in the glazed area in any weather. With the right approach, you can organize a small greenhouse that will delight with its greenery and beautiful flowers.

Depending on the material that is used to build the balcony, they are divided into:

metal;
concrete;
wooden.

Balconies also vary by location:

in the front part;
in the slope of the roof;
balcony window.

Each type is worth considering in more detail.

Concrete

Most often, it is these structures that are used in our area, since preference is given to brick rather than frame houses during construction. The weight of the concrete module will be significant, which must be taken into account even before the construction of the house begins. The foundation and walls must be designed to support the additional weight. In some cases, additional supports are required to hold the structure. To fix the carrier plate of the balcony, builders use several methods. One of them is the partial integration of the slab into the wall. Such a balcony is suitable only for buildings with thick brick walls. Its maximum reach is no more than a meter without additional supports.

The slab can be laid on beams integrated into the wall. In this case, the distance between the supports should be no more than 0.8 meters, and the overhang of the structure is only 1.2 meters. The width can be increased up to 1.5 meters if a solution is applied in which the slab rests on brackets. Cantilever supports at the edge of the slab further expand the usable area. If there is a need to install a balcony after construction is completed, then four separate supports are provided for it, on which the slab is located. In this case, it does not exert pressure on the walls.

Wooden and metal

Forged metal structures are very popular. At the same time, the forged fence is installed both on a concrete slab and on a metal base. Structurally, a metal balcony is similar to a wooden one. In the absence of cantilever beams, such structures are inferior to a concrete balcony. But if there is a need to build a block in a frame house or in a log house, then these solutions can be considered ideal. The wooden structure can be decorated with carvings and painted in the desired color.

To implement a project for the manufacture of a wooden balcony, beams with a profile size of 100 × 200 mm will be needed. They act as a supporting structure. If they are laid in a brick facade, then the recessed part should be more than 25 cm. Fixing the beams to the wall surface is carried out in the most convenient way for a particular situation. It can be anchor bolts or metal corners. In order for the structure to last as long as possible, it must be treated with an antiseptic composition and coated with varnish or oil paint.

Fronton

The front balcony is also called the attic. Its production must be planned, since such a block cannot be completed separately. It is a small recess in the pediment of the attic. At the same time, the useful internal area of \u200b\u200bthe room is partially reduced, but it is not necessary to build a separate roof for the balcony, since its role is played by the roof of the building. When using this option, the truss system must be mounted in a hanging type so that rigidity is not lost. Proper planning also requires lateral supports for the roof. Due to the fact that the wall is pushed back, it cannot act as a carrier, so the design is as light as possible.

In the slope of the roof

A roof slope balcony is also an interesting solution. It can be built even after construction is completed. The bottom line is that an opening is made in a certain place of the slope. Part of the rafter legs is cut off, and the structure is reinforced with an additional frame. A canopy junction is made above the balcony to the main roof. The base of the balcony can be made of wood or metal, as described above.

Balcony window

This is a rather interesting design, which will cost its owner a round sum. But the technical solution is simply amazing. In appearance, this is an ordinary dormer window, which is located in the roof slope. But if you open it, you can additionally fold the handrail, which will expand the space. At the same time, a window frame acts as a canopy from precipitation, which is fixed in a horizontal position. You can learn more about the design in the video below.

Summary

As you can see, any of the listed types of balconies can be built for a private house. For greater comfort, it is better to immediately think about a roof or a canopy for a balcony. During the design, it is also worth calculating the expected load that it must withstand, so that subsequently there are no incidents with the number of people simultaneously on the balcony. Separately, it is also worth mentioning the French balcony. The essence of the design is the presence of glazing, which is installed from ceiling to floor. This solution is not suitable if there is a desire to make a warm block.

The need for independent construction of a balcony often arises among the owners of private houses or residents of apartments in which the presence of such a room was not initially provided for by the design.

With the work of erecting and finishing the balcony, you can handle it on your own. Read the instructions in this guide and get started.

Construction Options

There are 2 main options for building a balcony, namely:

If the structure is attached to the second and higher floors, it must have additional supports. It is forbidden to fix the building exclusively to the wall - it will not stand.

The function of the supports is most often performed by columns. They fit well into the environment and complement the architecture of the house.

Before starting work, draw up or order a balcony project with a detailed diagram from a specialized organization.

Building a balcony on a foundation

If the balcony is attached to the first floor, a simple strip base will suffice. In the case of arranging an extension on the higher floors, build.

In general, the procedure for arranging concrete foundations remains almost the same. The following is an instruction for the construction of a strip-column foundation. By removing recommendations for installing poles from the manual, you will receive ready-made instructions for installing the strip base.

First step. Mark the future foundation on the ground. For marking, use pegs and a cord.

Second step. Get rid of the top layer of soil. Dig a trench to the required depth (determined according to local soil conditions) and post holes.

Third step. Drive in (screw in) the supporting piles. Also, supports can be made independently from pipes, concrete pillars or other suitable materials. To ensure additional strength of the installation, before installing the pillars, the bottom of the pits can be poured with a 20-30 cm layer of concrete. The empty space between the walls of the pits and the pillars after their installation is also filled with mortar.

Fourth step. Tamp the bottom of the trench, cover it with a 10 cm layer of gravel and a 15-20 cm layer of sand. Tamp each layer of backfill carefully.

Fifth step. Assemble the formwork from durable boards.

Sixth step. Lay the reinforcing frame. Use rebar with a diameter of 10-14 mm. As a result, you should get a reinforcing mesh with a mesh size of no more than 150x150 mm.

Seventh step. Pour concrete and give it a month to set. The formwork is recommended to be dismantled after the concrete has completely cured.

Eighth step. Cover the frozen foundation with waterproofing material (bitumen, roofing material).

Ninth step. Fill all voids with earth.

Tenth step. Tie the posts along the upper edges with a channel. The height of the foundations of the balcony must match.

Balcony design

First step. Lay a wooden or reinforced concrete slab on the finished base.

Second step. Using a perforator, create an opening in the wall for mounting a balcony block.

Third step. Install a balcony block. After installation, level the slopes with cement mortar and seal the existing gaps with mounting foam.

Fourth step. . For this, it is most convenient to use building blocks, for example, from foam concrete. They have a relatively small weight and will exert a noticeably lower load on the foundation compared to the same brick.

The thickness of the walls should be at least 25-30 cm. Bring the walls to the upper ceiling.

In the process of building walls, perform reinforcement every 3 rows.

In conclusion, it remains to equip the roof. The roof structure must be made with a certain slope in the direction from the house.

To equip the roof, it is enough to lay wooden logs or mount a metal frame, and then lay the finishing roofing material.

With the functions of the supporting columns, a square wooden beam will perfectly cope. Select the parameters of the beam individually. Most often, supports with a side of 100 mm are sufficient. Instead of timber, you can use another suitable material at your discretion.

The columns must be installed strictly vertically, otherwise there will be no question of the reliability of the balcony structure. To ensure verticality, support the columns with temporary braces while the foundation dries.

Floor

Lay a planed board 4 cm thick on the floor. Pre-treat the material with an antiseptic and fire retardant.

Lay the boards across the support beams. Leave a 2-3 mm gap between the boards to divert precipitation.

Use self-tapping screws to fasten the boards. Fastener heads should be slightly sunk into the material.

railing

And the last structural element of the balcony is the railing. The choice of material of manufacture, design features and appearance of the railing is at the discretion of the owner. If you wish, you can do without them altogether by making fences of suitable sizes from concrete slabs.

Glazing

For you can use wooden frames or metal-plastic structures. At this point, everything also remains at the discretion of the owner.

Balcony insulation

Necessarily . Start from the floor.

Floor

Styrofoam boards are well suited for the floor. The material is characterized by high thermal insulation properties and normally tolerates various kinds of loads.

Align the base and glue the foam boards to it using a binder specially designed for this purpose. Provide additional fixation of the plates with plastic dowels.

On top of the insulation, lay the mounting grid on the glue, and then fill the entire structure with a self-leveling mixture.

Instead, you can make a wooden crate on the base, fill its voids with thermal insulation, and stuff plywood or boards on top.

Linoleum is well suited as a finishing floor covering for a balcony. You can also use waterproof laminate and other materials with similar properties.

Walls

Attach a frame of wooden slats to the walls. Determine the mounting step of the rails according to the width of the insulation.

Cover the frame with waterproofing film. Use a construction stapler to attach the film. Be sure to glue the joints of the waterproofing material with adhesive tape.

Fill the cells of the crate with the selected one. Lay a vapor barrier over the insulation. Fasten the material also using a construction stapler.

On top of the finished insulating cake, fill the second crate, perpendicular to the first, for mounting the finishing material.

Ceiling

The ceiling can be insulated with mineral wool.

Nail a crate of boards with a thickness of 10 mm to the ceiling. Fix the boards with the edge down.

Fill the gaps between the boards with insulation.

Cover the insulation with waterproofing material and nail additional cross rails to the boards. They will retain heat and moisture insulation, as well as provide the necessary ventilation gap between the insulating cake and the finishing material.

Prices for popular types of heaters

insulation

Lining is well suited for a balcony. The material has excellent properties and is easily attached to the crate with the help of clamps.

Exterior decoration of the structure is most often performed using siding. This material is characterized by high reliability and excellent performance, has an attractive appearance and is easy to install without the involvement of third-party installers.

In general, when choosing a finish, focus on your personal preferences and available budget.

Successful work!

Prices for popular finishing wall panels

Wall panels

Video - How to make a balcony with your own hands

I thought about attaching a balcony on the second floor with my own hands for a long time, but I was confused by many questions: from how to formalize it legally, to how to choose the right design for the future space. And yet, the opportunity to purchase additional square meters, equip a small room and a place for drying clothes - won!

So, I offer you a step by step guide!

Plan development

During the construction process, it is necessary to strictly follow the work plan, technical documentation, and nothing else, because any arbitrariness threatens you with serious consequences, at least - indignation of the neighbors, at the maximum - you can lose the new building, and you will be brought to administrative responsibility. What should be included in the plan:

collect all the necessary documents for official registration;
consider options for existing balcony designs;
draw up a project of the premises;
calculate the estimate.

Let's start with the most time-consuming procedure. Only by evaluating the scope of work on official registration, you will be able to understand whether you have a chance to get permission for an extension.

How to get a building permit

As the experience of many apartment owners and builders shows, it is most difficult to obtain permission for an extension of the second floor. There are many reasons for this, but the main one is related to a possible threat to the integrity of a multi-storey building and the load on the load-bearing wall. I note: this does not mean that it is unrealistic to obtain the necessary package of documents.

First of all, contact the Planning Inspectorate in your city, after a free consultation, you will be provided with a list of documents that will be required to consider the case.

I note right away that there are a number of points of the legislative plan for which you will immediately be denied. What is included in this list:

the house is included in the list of architectural monuments;
the attached balcony will face the main street;
the design may violate the integrity of the bearing wall of the house;
the extension is located closer than two and a half meters to underground utilities, or they pass along the wall of the house (for example, gas pipes);
the technical design of the balcony does not meet building standards.

After making sure that the annex on the 2nd floor does not violate the listed points, you can safely collect documents. What you need:

permission from the organization on whose balance sheet your house is located;
written consent of tenants living on the left, right, above and below;
ordering a project for a balcony or loggia in an architectural bureau;
coordination of the finished project with supervisory authorities (gas service, Gorvodokanal, etc.), if there is a need to transfer communications, then it is necessary to prepare the relevant documents and officially pay for the work of employees from the public service.

After you have collected the entire list of documents, we go to the construction department and the district administration. What you must provide:

an application on behalf of the owner of the apartment for redevelopment;
documents confirming the ownership of the apartment;
certificate from the BTI;
finished project of a balcony;
documents for coordinating the project of the future balcony with utilities;
written consent of the tenants of the house;
photograph of the house.

I repeat that this procedure cannot be avoided, and any illegal extension is subject to demolition! After submitting all the documents, we arm ourselves with patience and wait 45 working days, during which time your application should be studied and an official response should be given. Having received a building permit, you can safely proceed to the purchase of material and invite builders.

I note that after the completion of the work, you must invite a commission that will draw up an acceptance certificate and confirm that everything has been done in accordance with the technical documentation. In parallel, these data must be recorded in the BTI and in the ownership right.

Design options and budgeting principles

Now you can safely start building. There are not so many options for proven balconies for the second floor, it all depends on your personal wishes and design features.

Not everyone decides to independently draw up a project for a remote room, therefore, if you have planned a small room, and not a place for drying clothes, then it is better to contact specialists. What can they offer you:

install a balcony on a platform fixed to the bearing wall;
hoist the structure on supports (pillars);
carry out the installation of an extension on the continuation of the beam structure of interfloor ceilings;
double balcony, completion of the second floor or construction of a balcony room on the outbuilding.

What will builders pay attention to, and what will the project and construction estimate depend on? First, it is the age and condition of the house. Secondly, the thickness and integrity of the bearing walls and foundation. Armed with the project documentation of the house and the technical passport, pay attention to what the wall is made of:

brickwork - if it is not less than 50 cm, while being solid and intact, like the foundation, then on the 2nd floor you can build any of the above balcony structures;
timber - it is important that the size is not less than 20 × 20 cm, there is no insect damage, the floors and beams are in perfect condition, and the age of the house does not exceed 20 years and stands firmly on a solid foundation. Only if all the above points are observed, you can think about an extension to the supporting pillars or in the form of an outbuilding superstructure;
aerated concrete and foam concrete blocks - it is reasonable to consider the option of an extension on supports or in the form of an outbuilding;
expanded clay concrete blocks or walls with a lightweight frame. An extension is possible only with the use of additional supports, poles and a carefully thought-out load on them.

The functionality of the project is calculated taking into account where the window opening goes. Thus, you can immediately calculate where you will have an exit from the apartment to the new premises. If the courtyard area allows, and the residents of the house do not mind, you can consider adding a porch.

Another important factor is . At the construction stage, I strongly recommend that you think about insulation and ventilation so that you don’t spend money on the work of builders twice.

Based on the information received, you can draw up an estimate and safely go to the construction base!

Tools, materials - let's start building!

Is it possible to do without the involvement of construction companies and teams? If you are one of those who trust only themselves and have building knowledge, then it is quite possible to make the second floor yourself!

What tools will you need:

marking and measuring instruments: spirit level, tape measure, plumb line, markers;
power tools: a screwdriver, a drill and drill bits, a grinder and a set of circles;
auxiliary tools: hammer, pliers, hacksaw;
spanners;
welding inverter, brushes with metal pile, protective mask for welding.

Depending on the design chosen, the list and quantity of materials will change - this is obvious, but I will still present an approximate list for your reference: lumber, poles for support, cement, fine gravel and building sand, metal profiles and related materials, hardware and fasteners .

Installation of a balcony structure

For your consideration, I propose options for installing balcony structures for the second floor.

Balcony on brackets

The first installation option - a balcony on brackets - is ideal for small balconies.

We prepare a welded or wooden structure from brackets according to the dimensions specified in the project. As a result, be sure to check the dimensions and angles.
We fix the structure to the wall with anchor bolts or connecting threaded studs. We check the verticality of the installation using a spirit level and a plumb line.
We strengthen the balcony slab or subfloor on the brackets.

Advice: boards with a thickness of 50 mm are suitable for the subfloor.

We build fences, walls and install window frames.