Large DIY greenhouses are the best projects. DIY winter greenhouse: which option is better to choose? Greenhouses for summer use

The best designs allow you to easily create the desired type of greenhouse that can last for many years. However, before starting construction, it is recommended to decide on the size of the structure, its location, and its shape.

Simple greenhouse design: choosing a design model

Before you start designing a greenhouse structure, you should decide on its model and choose the most suitable form of construction. If you plan to install a foundation, you need to take it into account.

Modern design and construction firms offer ready-made greenhouses of various shapes.

With proper design, such structures can be built independently.

Types of greenhouses:

1. Arched greenhouse. Here the roof is characterized by a semicircular shape, which minimizes the risk of large amounts of snow accumulating on the building in winter. Installation of the structure is quite simple.
2. Single-pitch design. Gardeners recommend attaching this greenhouse to a house or other building. Such models have excellent thermal insulation and do not take up much space on the site. Due to the close location of the house, communication will not be a problem.
3. Tent greenhouse. Such buildings are considered the best option for creating a year-round greenhouse. The buildings withstand any weather conditions well and are well lit.
4. Gable building. Models that differ in this shape require the installation of a high-strength frame. Many people grow crops of various sizes in greenhouses.
5. Greenhouse-bread bin. The design has an opening top, which provides good ventilation and allows free access to the crops being grown.

Due to the small size of the greenhouses, they are easy to transport.

How to choose the right greenhouse design and type

When building any greenhouse structures, it is important to take into account technological design standards (NTP), as well as the most suitable type of structure.

Winter buildings must comply with the following indicators:

1. Have functionality. For large greenhouse complexes or factories, year-round greenhouses, in addition to a place for growing vegetables, fruits or herbs, are intended for obtaining a good harvest of grapes and citrus fruits. That is, the choice of structure is very important.
2. Determining the correct level of location. When preparing a project for winter buildings, you can choose the most suitable location - above or below the soil level, or the roof will be the location of the greenhouse.
3. Selecting the optimal type of design. The structure is selected depending on the preferences of the gardener and the size of the plot.
4. Purchase of building materials. Stationary greenhouse structures are often made of polycarbonate or glass, and wood and metal profiles are well suited as frames.
5. Heating and choice of planting method. These issues must be resolved at the design stage to avoid problems in the future.

The Arduino method allows you to take care of automatically maintaining the microclimate inside a winter greenhouse.

The construction of wooden greenhouses has been considered the optimal solution for gardeners for many years. Polycarbonate or glass was used as a coating.

The AutoCAD program will help amateur gardeners to automatically develop and download the optimal design for a greenhouse structure.

Today in Europe this design option is as popular as buildings made from metal profiles. Often, a gable roof is installed in such a greenhouse.

On standard drawings of a year-round wooden structure, the most important parts of the structure must be indicated:

• The base and walls of the greenhouse frame;
• Rafters necessary for the roof, as well as ridge beams;
• Strapping beam;
• A special groove required for installing frames;
• Shelving and container (underground) racks;
• The drawings also indicate the distance from the wall to the shelving;
• The chimney is indicated.

Having developed a standard design for a wooden greenhouse, you can begin laying the foundation. Experienced gardeners advise making it a strip, with a depth of 40 cm. After this, you can think about covering the greenhouse. It must ensure good heating of the greenhouse space (polyethylene, polycarbonate). For heating, it is better to use the most suitable heating system.

Greenhouse design and greenhouse design in profile drawings

Today, standard designs for greenhouse structures (810-93) have been developed, which are intended for plots with an area of ​​1 hectare. Various materials are used for their construction, which will be the optimal solution for a year-round greenhouse.

Guide profiles designed for plasterboard are widely used as a material for the construction of greenhouses. It is customary to install similar profile buildings in areas with mild winters. The buildings provide an energy-saving heating system, which makes it possible to grow greenhouse crops in winter.

• High strength of the structure;
• Possibility of self-installation of the structure;
• Excellent wear resistance and availability.

Before you start building a greenhouse from a profile, it is recommended to think about its structure. For compact buildings, it is preferable to install a pitched roof. It is better to use special CD profiles for drywall as racks. This material is considered the most suitable if it is necessary to make diagonal connections between sections.

When building a profile greenhouse yourself, experienced gardeners recommend placing the profiles at a distance of 1 m from each other.

To ensure that the finished buildings are of high quality and last a long time, it is recommended to use durable material (polycarbonate) to cover the greenhouses. And in order to prevent moisture from penetrating inside, all joints should be treated with silicone sealant.

Simple polycarbonate greenhouse projects: characteristics

Today, projects of new generation greenhouse structures are being created. However, despite this, polycarbonate structures are very popular among experienced gardeners. With proper design, a polycarbonate greenhouse is quite easy to build with your own hands.

These designs deserve the “best” mark, because they have many positive characteristics:

• Easy to install greenhouse;
• Flexibility and lightness of the base material;
• Despite their lightness, polycarbonate structures are highly durable (much more reliable than glass);
• The material transmits light well and retains heat well inside the building.

When designing new greenhouses for a summer cottage, you can use an arched design. This design option will be optimal for any buildings (small greenhouses or large pavilions).

If you plan to install a structure 4 m wide, the optimal height is 2 m.

But when making drawings of a polycarbonate greenhouse, it is important to calculate the required number of sheets.

A simple greenhouse design: drawings and projects of greenhouses-bread bins

Many gardeners use a greenhouse on their property to grow seedlings. The layout of such a building looks like a compact greenhouse.

The advantages of this design are:

• Compact and ergonomic structure;
• Due to the creation of a minimal number of joining lines, the greenhouse is easy to assemble;
• Convenience in regulating ventilation (the lid opens to an angle of 90°);
• The greenhouse area is fully used.

When organizing a greenhouse-bread bin, it is important to ensure that the upper part of the frame consists of half-arcs that are fixed to the base. For the frame, it is recommended to select profile pipes with a small cross-section. As for the radii of the lids, they are selected so that the structure can be easily opened. You should also ensure that the difference in diameter is equal to the width of the polycarbonate sheet, this will ensure that there are no gaps.

The optimal dimensions of such a greenhouse are considered to be compact structures (length - up to 4 m, and width does not exceed 1 m). However, it is better that the width of the greenhouse-bread bin is determined at the design stage.

Some design models open not on one side, but on two, which is very convenient for caring for plants.

The most optimal dimensions of a one-sided structure have a width from 0.7 to 1.2 m.

DIY greenhouses: the best projects (video)

When designing a greenhouse structure, many factors should be taken into account, such as the choice of the shape of the structure, the period of use of the greenhouse, and the selection of materials for construction. In addition, when creating drawings, you should consider the internal structure of the building and its location.

A greenhouse on a personal plot is necessary for every gardener. However, not everyone knows how to build it with their own hands. You need to have knowledge in this area, and only then move from theory to practice. This article outlines the basic basics and principles of constructing greenhouses of various types.

What are they?

Greenhouses are cultivation premises made of transparent materials on a frame, designed for growing various berries, vegetables, root crops, fruits, flowers and herbs in a greenhouse microclimate with optimal temperature and humidity.

Greenhouse buildings are installed on flat surfaces of southern slopes, while ensuring that the occurrence of groundwater is not located close to the ground surface. On the leeward side, buildings are protected with a palisade of forest plantings or a high fence. In order to preserve light, greenhouses are placed away from sources of pollution. Having a good access road makes caring for plants much easier.

Greenhouses are divided into ground greenhouses with a planting area of ​​a high-quality soil layer, and structures in the form of multi-level shelving for placing seedlings and plants. Greenhouse covers can be soil or hydroponic. Based on the type of operation, they are divided into winter (year-round) and summer (seasonal). Winter greenhouses are built from glass and concrete, while spring greenhouses are made from mixed materials that transmit light like regular film.

In winter rooms you can grow any plants, fruits and vegetables, flowers and even mushrooms. They are considered permanent buildings and are built exclusively on a foundation; they can be heated by solar energy or stationary and portable heating systems using electricity or biofuels. Winter rooms for growing plants can be surface or buried, and have a variety of designs: from arched to polygonal structures. They are built from wooden beams, cinder blocks and bricks. Metal profiles, PVC structures, metal-plastic and other materials are used as a frame. Their surface is made up of glass, polycarbonate and special types of organic profiles with the addition of strengthening compounds. As a rule, winter greenhouses are installed from west to east.

Summer greenhouses are used mainly in the warm season: from spring until frost. They grow seedlings or particularly sensitive plants. Heating of such structures is carried out exclusively by the sun's rays. True, sometimes when the temperature drops sharply, they use portable heating systems. And for warmth, organic fertilizers are used: manure, compost and perengoy, less often peat. Biofuel creates a favorable temperature regime in a closed room. Therefore, summer greenhouses are often covered with plastic film, which makes them an economical and affordable alternative to the winter option.

According to specialization (purpose), greenhouses are divided into vegetable, flower and seedling. Vegetable greenhouses are designed for year-round cultivation of vegetables. They are distinguished by higher-quality output than vegetables from the garden, since indoors the plants are protected from adverse influences and negative factors, such as rainwater and infection by wind-borne spores. Several types of vegetables can be grown in a greenhouse at the same time.

It is important to combine plantings correctly so that neighbors do not become competitors and negatively affect each other’s harvest. To adapt greenhouses for growing vegetables, you need to provide transoms for ventilation, build a separate irrigation and shading system for each type of plant.

Seedling greenhouses are usually equipped with a mechanism for regulating the temperature of air, soil and irrigation water. Seedlings require careful disinfection measures for the premises, as well as special sanitary conditions created to prevent contamination of the soil and plants with infections and pathogenic bacteria.

Seedling greenhouses are equipped with sliding racks and additional structures to create comfortable conditions for plants. It is strictly forbidden to use such a building for the purpose of growing crops from open ground, since various pests and dangerous diseases can come along with them.

Flower greenhouses are created taking into account the characteristics of flowers that are sensitive to any fluctuations in temperature, light and moisture. Such plants cannot be grown in open ground, so they are most often grown in specialized closed premises. Some of the popular models for growing flowers are greenhouses with polyethylene or polycarbonate coatings, film tunnels and greenhouses.

Polycarbonate structures are reliable and durable, and film structures are used for particularly sensitive plants with a long development period. Flower greenhouses are best suited for growing numerous types of flowers. These rooms are heated and additional heating sources can be installed in them. Rational placement of closed flower beds - a lean-to structure adjacent to the southern part of the permanent building. A good lighting system also contributes to the quality of the flowers grown.

According to design principles, greenhouses are divided into single or hangar, multi-block (link). Roof structures are divided into gable - oriented to the east and west, and multi-slope, the roof of which has several planes, as well as single-pitch, facing south at an angle of 45 degrees.

Based on the type of supporting profile, greenhouses are divided into those created with a frame and frameless. Closed premises constructed using a frame are divided into arched, beamed, vaulted, cable-stayed and framed. Frameless ones come in panel, support and combined types.

Capital greenhouses consist of a foundation, frame, covering and roof. The foundation can be in the form of reinforced concrete slabs or poured. Stone foundations are now extremely rare. The roof, end and parallel surfaces are covered with glass frames, some of which are equipped with windows and transoms that serve for natural ventilation of the room. The seedling rooms are equipped with shelves. Lightweight building structures have reinforced concrete pillars as a foundation; their frames are erected from wooden or metal elements, as well as from plastic and metal-plastic pipes.

The temperature in the rooms is maintained in several ways: fuel (wood, coal, gas) and technical methods (steam heating, electricity). Heating stoves are installed mainly in permanent structures. The most common types of heating are water and electric (heat generators and transformers). Often, in modern greenhouse complexes, ventilation systems are installed on an industrial scale, as well as a set of installations for creating a microclimate.

Colorifiers, electric radiators and infrared emitters are used as year-round heating systems. Electrical appliances are convenient and do not take up much space, but they do not heat the entire area of ​​the room; heat does not penetrate into the lower tiers. Infrared devices emit heat and light and are mounted on the roof surface to uniformly heat the room.

Colorifiers are convenient to use. They heat up, then fan air flows distribute warm air around the entire perimeter of the room. The optimal temperature is maintained throughout the greenhouse. Modern greenhouses are usually illuminated with fluorescent or LED lamps. They are more economical and are a good alternative to conventional electric lamps.

Hydroponic greenhouses are equipped with a mechanized complex for equipping the nutrition of plant crops. Breeding greenhouses are similar to artificial climate rooms, where the process of caring for plants is correlated with temperature, water and light conditions. In greenhouse plantings, crop rotation is often used and new breeding varieties are grown.

Greenhouses can be confused with greenhouses, but they are completely different structures. They are certainly similar in purpose and general characteristics, but they have a number of differences and features that do not allow them to be put together.

Greenhouses are usually small in length, width and height. It is impossible to use heating in them. Their entire energy potential consists of accumulated heat from the sun and organic fertilizers. To care for the plants and gain access to the inside of the greenhouse, it is enough to open the side part, move aside the plastic film that covers the frame made of wire, wooden beams and other structural elements.

The small height (up to 1.3 meters) does not allow tall plants to be grown in greenhouses. But they are the best suited for growing seedlings. A greenhouse is an open ground room, while a greenhouse is a closed ground room. In greenhouses, the air and soil are heated separately, unlike greenhouses, in which the soil accumulates and transfers heat to the film.

Greenhouses differ from greenhouses in that the latter are intended for practical purposes, while greenhouses are for beauty. It so happens that the space inside the greenhouse is used for agricultural purposes. Rare flowers and plants are grown in greenhouses. Often, recreational areas alternate with aesthetic areas where exotic animals and reptiles can live. This corner is created for relaxation, rest and a pleasant pastime.

A winter garden is a permanent building with high vaults intended for trees and various rare plants. This spacious room is quite expensive to design and build, since, in addition to design solutions, it is equipped with all types of communications, heating, ventilation and irrigation. It is customary to organize family holidays and celebrate significant events in winter gardens. Pets, birds, and fish can live there. Often, fountains and pools are built in these rooms, and rock gardens are erected; they are decorated with statues and architectural fragments, installations and artifacts from various eras. The thematic focus is supported by a single historical style or art movement.

Kinds

In order to choose the right type of closed premises, you need to take into account its features, as well as its intended purpose. You should know that lean-to greenhouses are the most economical and cost less. This is the so-called budget option. It is very convenient to work in such premises. You can install lean-to structures quite quickly. It is preferable to place them on the south side, although this is not essential. It is not recommended to cover the roof with film or polyvinyl chloride coating, as the surface will sag and sag from wind and precipitation. A glass or similar roof is preferred.

A gable roof has a familiar “house” appearance and has a number of advantages: such a roof is stable and will not break under the weight of snow, and its convenient shape allows the roof to be made from any material. In addition, massive structures require compaction of the foundation during construction, which makes it suitable for year-round use. The presence of a large number of fastening segments requires constant monitoring of the tightness and waterproofness of the structure. It will not be possible to attach additional sections to a gable greenhouse. But this type of construction is the most durable of all.

Homemade arched greenhouses are most suitable for growing light-loving plants. Their surfaces have fewer light refraction angles. Due to the convex part, the surface area for storing heat and light increases. Due to this, plants grow large, which is also reflected in the designs of this type of structure. However, it is difficult to care for them, so experts advise carrying out the main plantings in the center, and making workarounds around the perimeter to access the plantings.

This type of room is not intended for plants and seedlings from open ground, since the features of the structure do not allow them to be hardened. In the winter months, there is a risk of surface sagging from snow, which cannot independently move off the surface of the greenhouse. In areas with strong winds, a strong structure can be torn off due to insufficient fastening to the foundation. But such a greenhouse is extremely simple to construct, convenient to dismantle and transport. And if necessary, you can add new sections.

Dome or lancet greenhouses have special advantages. Winter precipitation does not linger on the structure of the structure, and the pointed shape best contributes to the accumulation of heat and warming up the soil cover. These buildings are the best option for the middle zone and the Urals, as they are designed specifically for snowy, long winters, and are also suitable for growing seedlings. The sun's rays easily penetrate into the room due to the advantageous surface area. True, there are some difficulties in erecting a teardrop-shaped building, since it is necessary to additionally strengthen the foundation and fix the surface with virtually no components.

The next type of construction is one of the most expensive, but also the most practical. These are polygonal greenhouses, in which the sides alternately take on the functions of absorbing sunlight and transmitting it to intra-greenhouse plantings. To achieve the required temperature conditions in such structures, you need to try. After all, complex structures made of wood, polycarbonate, glass, iron and concrete do little to maintain temperature conditions. But these are very beautiful and harmonious buildings that can decorate any home landscape.

Dutch greenhouses are considered the most suitable for growing any type of plants, including ornamental ones. The surface of such a greenhouse is covered with a homogeneous material made of special glass, which protects the room from rain moisture and excess condensation. The greenhouse is equipped with a drainage gutter, so unwanted drips will not interfere with the growing of decorative flowers. The gutter has special devices for collecting condensate, is equipped with reinforced glass frame holders and has an extremely convenient location on the roof ridge.

The surface of the Dutch greenhouse is covered with glass frames in a single layer and is equipped with blinds for additional shading. Shadow screens can be located on all surfaces of the greenhouse, including the ceiling, or on a separate wall, which allows you to control the level and degree of illumination inside the room. If necessary, the screens can take on the functions of additional heating.

The Dutch greenhouse is a fairly long room with a gable roof and a heating system designed so that the temperature is the same at any point in the greenhouse, as well as an automatic irrigation and watering system. The premises can also be heated from stationary heat sources. Thus, the greenhouses maintain their own microclimate, characteristic for growing certain types of plant crops.

A greenhouse according to Mittleider is not only an interesting solution, but also a practical room for growing crops. The northern side of the roof is raised and has a characteristic slope. At the level of the divergence of the joints there is a ventilation system. This unique structure has a “breathing” mechanism for regulating air exchange, which makes it possible to grow a wide range of crops.

A hut-shaped greenhouse is formed by two inclined slopes, due to which it accommodates maximum solar heat and light. Such a greenhouse is equipped with a ventilation system - vents and transoms. It is very simple to construct, but the usable area is small. Therefore, hut-type greenhouses are often buried deep into the soil.

Recessed greenhouses are designed to maximize the use of solar resources while maintaining optimal temperature and humidity even in the harshest winter conditions. The building is immersed in the ground almost to the edges of the roof, which are the main heat insulator. Building such a greenhouse is the same as digging a well: you need to be able to dig a huge pit, and most importantly, provide reliable protection from groundwater.

An exotic option is a domed greenhouse. It has a round shape, consisting of complex structures. It is more reminiscent of a dome-shaped tent, covered with white material that allows the sun's rays to pass through. This is the most expensive, but at the same time the most original type of greenhouse. It is not suitable for winter, but for seasonal plantings it is just right.

There is also a greenhouse option with a solid wall that acts as thermal insulation and heat distribution. Basically, this is a northern wall, which is built using bricks, cinder blocks or timber, insulated from the outside or inside with warm foam, and equipped with bags of stones. Thermal pads maintain temperature day and night. As a result, the cost of heating the room is reduced, and the efficiency is distributed over the working area of ​​the building.

Materials

The basis of the greenhouse is the frame. It can consist of basic materials: wood, metal and HDPE pipes. Additional materials that also form the greenhouse base are metal-plastic pipes and aluminum components. The best option is achieved using a wooden beam of rectangular cross-section. This is a simple and inexpensive way to build a greenhouse with your own hands.

The main thing is to ensure the protection of wooden structures from mold, mildew, beetles and rot., for which it is necessary to treat the workpieces with stain and special sanitary impregnations. It is best to use larch wood, but if this is not possible, it is necessary to dry the frame well to avoid shrinkage during use. It is better to choose wood species without knots and other defects. Due to the fact that wood bends and transforms poorly, creating additional structures in the form of arches, bends and semicircles is almost impossible. Therefore, timber is mainly used for rectilinear buildings.

A convenient alternative to wood is a metal profile made of steel and aluminum, for example, a 20/20 mm profile. This material produces surprisingly light but durable structures that are resistant to moisture and temperature changes. True, the elements will have to be secured with special fastening joints, self-tapping screws or by welding. But greenhouses made of metal profiles are strong, reliable and durable. The creation of the necessary parts is carried out on a special machine, which is not difficult to build yourself.

The number of metal structures for the construction of greenhouses also includes a ceiling profile for fastening plasterboard, as well as a profile for the roof. These materials are easy to assemble and complete, but have less strength and are not suitable for regions with snowy winters, as they tend to deform.

The use of low-density polyethylene pipes and polyvinyl chloride pipes are profitable options for the production of seasonal small greenhouses. These are well-bending, inexpensive materials that are easy to transport. They are gutta-percha and lightweight, but the structures made from them cannot withstand additional loads, such as precipitation in the form of snow and rain, as well as wind.

When selecting material for covering a greenhouse, special attention should be paid to the quality of the surfaces used. They must meet all safety requirements, be lightweight, but at the same time durable. The greenhouse frame is covered mainly with light-transmitting materials, such as glass and cellular polycarbonate. Not so long ago, glass was the only material from which greenhouses and conservatories were built. It has high density, excellent light conductivity and beautiful appearance.

Glass does not enter into chemical reactions, does not emit toxic substances, does not rust or rot, but it is quite fragile and breaks often. Because of this properties, alternative coatings have been created - analogues in the form of organic glass with the addition of binding elements that make the material stronger and more durable, and colorless polymer coatings.

The greenhouse can also be covered with polyethylene film. This is the most inexpensive material for year-round use. There are some reinforced types of film that are resistant to wind and precipitation.

Cellular polycarbonate layers have the properties of glass and polyethylene, high strength, flexibility, do not break or break. The honeycomb cells are filled with air, which gives this material additional properties of thermal insulation and resistance to mechanical stress. It is ideal for constructing buildings with rounded shapes. However, polycarbonate is subject to gradual destruction under the influence of ultraviolet rays, and when heated and bent, it collapses and deforms.

During installation, additional insulation of the ends from dirt and water is necessary, otherwise the coating may “bloom” and become unusable. Today, manufacturers offer premium material - polycarbonate, made specifically for greenhouses. It was developed taking into account the shortcomings of the predecessors of the polymer series and has all the necessary qualities of strength and durability in operation.

You can build a greenhouse on your site at almost no cost. To do this, use unnecessary window frames, fastened together in the form of a tent or rectangular structure. Such a structure can only be used as a seasonal premises for growing certain types of seedlings. But it can be improved, for example, by strengthening it with an additional frame and sealing the joints. In this form, greenhouses made from window frames are more suitable for use.

Dimensions

Greenhouses can vary in size. They can be large, loose, small, as well as large, narrow, wide, tunnel, and so on. Accordingly, large ones are used on an industrial scale and in private production, for example, for growing flowers for sale. Dutch greenhouses with sloping walls are large-sized. They are most often used when it comes to obtaining a large harvest.

In spacious and high rooms you can combine various plantings: from low-growing berries to branchy bushes, arrange multi-tiered flower beds and multi-level beds. The use of gradation of vertical and horizontal space allows you to grow a variety of species and types of plant crops and flowers all year round with maximum benefit.

To heat such a greenhouse, entire heat supply and ventilation systems are needed, which should be provided for at the design stage of the room. Maintenance of large spaces requires a mechanized approach, watering, hilling, loosening, irrigation and fertilization, which is quite energy-intensive. Much more profitable are small compact buildings with several tiers, where you can grow seedlings and small fruit trees.

Extended, or, as they are also called, tunnel greenhouses are ideal for growing grapes. As a rule, grapes are used for wine production, therefore the planting area of ​​this crop is significant. The main task is to preserve the taste of varietal grapes with minimal use of chemicals and fertilizers. This is possible if favorable conditions are created and the entry of harmful microorganisms and insect pests is minimized. A tunnel greenhouse is an ideal room for this.

The quality of the soil, its purity and saturation with nutrients is the main advantage of indoor soil. Proper temperature and humidity conditions are also among the advantages. If payback allows, then you can organize a fairly large greenhouse. In any case, regardless of scale, construction is carried out according to the same rules, using the same tools.

Forms

Models of greenhouses vary in shape. One of the most unusual and interesting is the round or spherical structure. In it, plants are planted in a circle. Tall plants are placed in the center, and lower and lower along the periphery. This is due to the characteristic shape and feature of this type of greenhouse. Thanks to these features, the soil in the beds warms up evenly, which allows plants to fully use the resources of heat and light.

Among the advantages of the building is the possibility of planting at different levels. You can also use box beds, placing them at an angle of 36 degrees. The main thing is to strictly adhere to the delimitation of space, then the area of ​​​​a small spherical greenhouse can be used to the maximum. It is not difficult to build it, but it is much more difficult to think through and place a ventilation system in it. To do this, you will have to build vents or folding curtains with zippers around the perimeter.

The frame for a spherical greenhouse can be a metal profile, metal-plastic pipes, or, less commonly, wooden beams. The coating is film, polycarbonate or glass. Undoubtedly, with proper distribution, such a greenhouse will accommodate many more plants than a rectangular one. True, some equipment still won’t fit there.

Another interesting option is a triangular greenhouse. It can be built from a wooden or metal frame. The base is a pyramid, one of the sides of which is a transom and a door at the same time. It is covered with polyethylene film, less often glass is used. It is not advisable to use cellular polycarbonate, since the cut layers must be covered on all sides, and a large number of fasteners can compromise the integrity of the coating. Quite fragile glass is preferable in this regard: it does not need to be drilled and screwed, it is enough to weld the frames and secure them with sealant.

Tools

There are many ways to attach the greenhouse profile and frame. It all depends on the material from which they are made. So, for example, to attach polycarbonate sheets to a wooden beam, you need special components, which include roofing screws with rubber and polymer thermal washers, as well as a connecting profile. Using roofing screws with wide and powerful thermal rubber gaskets, you do not have to worry about the structure deflecting at the fastening point and exposure to high temperatures.

The polycarbonate kit must include fixing materials to protect against insects, dirt and water. The perforated tape goes to the bottom end of the sheet, and the sealed tape goes to the top. The fastening process is quite simple, it is only important not to overtighten the fastenings. You need to cut cellular polycarbonate sheets with a jigsaw, strictly following the instructions.

In the case of fastening glass to metal or a metal frame, several options can be used. If you have the opportunity and skill in welding, weld metal corners together. In this case, the glass unit is secured using clamps. When using a metal profile, special grooves are created for the glass, and this structure is secured with ordinary sealant with a rubber gasket. To connect the galvanized profile to the glass, use the same welding or self-tapping screws. The bags are fixed with glue using aluminum components.

How to do it yourself?

In order to build a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to have construction skills and, most importantly, a good project with drawings of the future building. The best projects are focused on the construction of permanent greenhouses that will serve for many years. For this, an option with a reinforced wall and a heat accumulation system in the form of a network of ventilation pipes is suitable. The northern wall of the building is insulated with bags of gravel.

The heat supply system is modeled on the principle of air circulation in thick underground HDPE pipes with outlet to the outside. Heat from heating the soil by the sun's rays, obeying physical laws, rises upward, and cold air descends to replace it. This is how there is a continuous movement of air masses that maintain the required temperature regime of the soil and air.

Before construction, it is necessary to take all measurements and begin digging a pit. Depending on the size of the greenhouse, it can be of different sizes, but the depth must be at least 70 centimeters. Along the perimeter of the pit, formwork is prepared for the foundation from reinforcement, using welding and supports for load-bearing structures. When the frame for the strip foundation is ready, it is poured with concrete and leveled.

The cleaned bottom of the pit is lined with slabs of polystyrene foam or any other material. This will be the basis for ventilation pipes, which are laid strictly horizontally on top of the insulation. The ends of the pipes are fixed from the outside using foil and improvised means, and the entire structure is covered with earth.

After this, they begin to install the greenhouse frame according to the drawing diagram, starting from the north and side sides. The construction of the structure is quite simple: the main thing is to correctly prepare all the parts and assemble them during the installation process. The frame can be brick or concrete, but it is easier and faster to make it from wood. Next, the frame of the southern wall is constructed from wooden beams. Then the rafters are assembled and the pitched roof is installed. It is made with a transom to ventilate the room, for which a special device is installed - a holder with a latch and shock absorption in case of strong winds. All structural elements are covered with several layers of stain and waterproof varnish.

Upon completion of the construction work on the manufacture of the greenhouse frame, it is covered with reinforced polyethylene film or polycarbonate: first the north wall, then the side walls, then the south wall, and finally the roof slope. If desired, the cover can be replaced with glass frames, which will significantly complicate the construction, but make it more reliable and monumental. It is better not to install glass on the roof for safety reasons, because its mobile structure may be subject to impacts. The solid northern wall is insulated from the inside with layers of mineral wool and bags of stones are laid. They can be installed both inside and outside. To accumulate heat, you can place cylinders or canisters of water against the northern wall.

Elements for the construction of shelving, equipment, containers and other utensils are brought into the finished greenhouse. Now you can bring in plants and seedlings that will grow at home. Such a building will pay for itself in the first year of operation and will become an indispensable assistant in the country or on a personal plot.

To build a greenhouse with your own hands Try to follow some tips and recommendations from professionals.

• When buying wooden beams for the frame of a greenhouse, try to choose winter-harvested wood, as it is much stronger, has a lower moisture content, and therefore the material is less susceptible to deformation and shrinkage.
• Applying one layer of protective composition to a wooden frame is usually not enough. Therefore, you should use a complex of special compounds, applying them in several layers. And for more effective protection against pests, mold and various types of damage, use painting over special treatment on wooden surfaces.
• When installing polycarbonate structures on a wooden frame, you need to use thermal washers on the legs together with roofing screws and regular wood screws. It is better to use galvanized cross-shaped fasteners.
• When choosing cellular polycarbonate, you must also purchase edge-fixing tapes designed to protect against insects, dirt and water. They are best applied to the edges of the cuts before the structure is formed, immediately after cutting.
• Choose high-quality polycarbonate. To mark it, notches are used on laser-processed sections, on which data on the brand and production batch of the material are recorded, as well as designations of the external and internal sides. Failure to comply with the requirements when installing polycarbonate leads to a decrease in the properties of the material with its subsequent destruction.

• When cutting cellular polycarbonate, use a jigsaw for metal or a grinder. Before the process, you need to firmly secure the material so that there is no kickback during operation. Finally, remove shavings and debris by vacuuming or blowing the edges where the cuts are made.
• It is necessary to remove the protective film from the polycarbonate after installation, otherwise the structure may crack at the points of attachment with the frame reinforcement.
• When building a glass structure with a metal frame, follow the rules for protection against rust. To preserve the profile for many years, cover its surface with paint and varnish in a timely manner.
• When working with dyes, as well as antifungal and anti-corrosion compounds, use a spray gun, a special respirator mask and silicone gloves.
• During particularly harsh winters, you can insulate part of the greenhouse walls with regular foil, which will significantly reduce heat loss.

By following the tips and rules, you can quickly build a greenhouse on your site and, in addition, acquire skills in constructing this type of structure.

Beautiful examples

The aesthetic appearance of a building is an important detail, even if this building is a greenhouse. There are design projects with outlandish architecture. This is how real plant palaces grow on personal plots of six acres. If you wish, you can build something similar on your site. It is enough just to study the basic rules and subtleties of constructing greenhouses.

Some greenhouses on a foundation are lined with decorative stone along the base, which gives the building additional charm. The use of natural materials is ideal for finishing this type of building. Glazing plays an important role. Greenhouses with a large number of such details are often inlaid with glass patterns and various ornaments, which gives the building an openwork look. It is important not to overdo it so that the decor does not serve as additional shading for the plants.

Different style decisions can also take place in the construction of beautiful greenhouses. For example, for a building in the Gothic style, pointed elements are used on the ridge and walls of the building. And stained glass windows are designed mainly of the arched type.

Elliptical buildings are characterized by the use of stucco, stylized columns and buttresses. Beautiful carvings on doors and wood trim are also widely used as decoration for finished greenhouses. At the same time, it is not necessary to strictly adhere to one style; eclecticism is quite acceptable - a mixture of styles. Thus, the Greek ornament along the perimeter of the base is quite worthy adjacent to the Khokhloma glass painting. And Chinese slides and bonsai are successfully combined with classic creeping plants in flowerpots and decorative vases at the entrance and along the perimeter of the building.

For the greatest effect, use various lighting solutions and backlights. You can run a strip of LEDs on the roof, and “live lanterns” made of safe candles along the sides of the path leading to the greenhouse. It’s nice to take a walk along this mini-alley in the evening with the whole family.

Building your own winter greenhouse is an excellent solution for any practical summer resident. Not every country has a climate that allows you to pamper yourself with delicious vegetables. You can solve this problem by making such a design yourself.

• structures that have to be dismantled and hidden in the fall;
• products in which it is possible to grow plants in winter.

Winter greenhouses have a complex design, so it’s not easy to build them yourself. They need the construction of a reliable frame, which must be located on the foundation. In addition, you will need to install a heating system. The efficiency of the building depends on it. A winter greenhouse must have:

• heating system;
• lighting;
• irrigation system;
• ventilation.

The dimensions of the structure are determined based on the number of crops that will be grown. It is important to use high-quality coating material. A thin film will not be able to protect crops from frost and snow. The advantage is additional insulation of the walls.

Photo gallery: DIY winter greenhouses - the best projects

Small greenhouse made of polycarbonate Greenhouse of unusual shape Ventilated roof structure Greenhouse roof made of glass and tiles Product coated with athermal glass Plants inside a greenhouse Greenhouse with ventilated roof Greenhouse with glass cover Greenhouse with a high stone base Connecting a greenhouse to a private house Frame frame design Winter underground structure covered with glass Greenhouse with reinforced frame and film covering Metal frame for winter greenhouse Gable winter greenhouse Greenhouse with glass cover Greenhouse with polycarbonate coating A greenhouse covered with cellular polycarbonate

A greenhouse can be built from various materials. The construction market is overflowing with a variety of coatings that are characterized by high strength, low weight and low price. This makes it possible to choose materials within a small budget. At the preparation stage, you will need to create a design plan.

Greenhouses can be divided not only by coating materials, but also by external shape:

1. Single-pitch product. It is wall-mounted and has a filling of earth.
2. The gable structure has solid walls and a glazed roof.
3. Arched structure. Can be oval and asymmetrical.
4. Combined construction. It can be rectangular or arched on a high base.
5. A rectangular structure with an arched, pitched or gable roof.

Various forms of greenhouses can be seen in the figure:

Greenhouses of different shapes

Based on the location of the structure, it can be divided into the following:

• thermos products that go deep into the soil;
• detached buildings;
• greenhouses that are adjacent to the main building: a bathhouse, a private house, a garage.

The latter product is capable of receiving additional heat from a common wall. As a result, it will be possible to reduce heating costs.

Design selection criteria:

1. First of all, you will need to calculate the parameters, since further calculations depend on them.
2. It is important to take into account functionality: first clarify the characteristics of the plants that will be grown.
3. The microclimate inside the building depends on the correct placement of the product at the ground level. If desired, the greenhouse can be immersed underground and get the effect of a thermos. Most often, buildings are erected on the ground surface. Some craftsmen advise making greenhouses in old buildings (garage or barn).

A large number of architectural solutions makes it possible to realize any ideas. You can build the product yourself or purchase a ready-made building. Summer residents often grow flowers for sale. If the choice fell on exotic plants, then you need to calculate the costs and study the construction requirements.

Their advantages and disadvantages

A lean-to greenhouse is a wall-mounted structure. The width varies from 2.6 to 3 m. You can choose any length. Glass, film or polycarbonate can be used as cladding material.

Lean greenhouse adjacent to the house

The advantages of such a greenhouse:

1. An excellent option for a winter garden or greenhouse when there is a transition to a private house.
2. Takes up little space.
3. Low consumption of materials.

If you plan to use the greenhouse all year round, you will need to connect it to a centralized heating system. This may incur additional costs.

Design disadvantages:

1. It is impossible to place the product on the north side, as it will be shaded. As a result, one of the walls will be wet.
2. There is much less light in a greenhouse than in a separate building. Therefore, you will need to conduct electricity and arrange powerful lighting.

The most common greenhouses are gable ones.

Capital gable greenhouse

All walls are located at right angles to the soil. The optimal roof slope is 30–40°.

Product advantages:

1. Possibility to set any ridge height. The height of the roof will depend on the width of the building.
2. If the shape of the house is chosen, tall plants can be grown in the greenhouse.
3. It is possible to use polycarbonate for coating. Accordingly, there is no need to build a foundation.
4. It is possible to install vents in the roof.
5. Larger air volume with unchanged dimensions.

Flaws:

1. If the product is covered with glass, then you will need to make a foundation.
2. There is no possibility to redevelop the site in the future, since the weight of the structure is high due to the foundation.
3. A large number of joints, which has a bad effect on the ability to retain heat. The problem can be solved by installing rubber gaskets.
4. High consumption of materials when compared with arched construction.
5. The need to use thick polycarbonate.

In some cases, summer residents erect an arched structure.

Arch-shaped design with polycarbonate coating

The frame has an arc shape. You can choose any length. Maximum height - 2 m.

Advantages of arched construction:

1. Ease of installation.
2. Possibility of increasing the length.
3. Low consumption of coating material. Polycarbonate is applied as a continuous sheet.
4. Minimum number of seams.
5. No need to build a foundation.
6. Low cost.
7. Possibility of dismantling.
8. High strength.

The disadvantages include:

1. Limited height. If you need a greenhouse more than 2 m high, you will need to strengthen the frame.
2. Low resistance to strong winds and snow.
3. It is impossible to install vents in the roof.

The choice of form largely depends on the personal preferences of the summer resident.

Determining the dimensions of the structure

To draw up a drawing, you will need to determine the dimensions of the greenhouse.

What should the width be?

Width is the main indicator in the process of determining the dimensions of a structure. In a narrow building, monitoring plants is problematic. The width of the greenhouse should be such that the product is comfortable to use.

Layout of beds for a greenhouse with optimal width

In addition, this indicator will depend on how many beds need to be planted. The distance between the rows also has an impact. For example, if the beds are large, then it is quite difficult to reach the extreme point while watering the plants. If the beds are small in width, then useful area will be lost on the paths.

The practice of summer residents with extensive experience shows that the optimal option is when several beds are 80–85 cm, and the passage between them is 35–45 cm. Based on these indicators, the recommended width of the greenhouse will be 2.4–2.6 m. If you need to make not 2, but 3 beds, then the width of the product should be 3–3.4 m. In this case, the width of the bed will be 50–60 cm, and the distance between the beds will be 65–70 cm.

The minimum width of the greenhouse is 2.4 m. It is necessary to take into account the width of the door. The optimal size is 60 cm. This passage will provide comfortable movement for the summer resident. If you plan to use a wheelbarrow, you will need to make the door wider - about 90 cm.

In some cases, a building is made with several aisles and a central rack about 95 cm wide. The width of such a structure should be 3.8–4.2 m.

Determining the length of the building

This parameter does not affect anything, it can be anything. Most often, greenhouses are built so long that it is a multiple of 60 or 120 cm. In this case, it will be possible to easily attach the floor panels, which are manufactured in a standard size.

When determining the length, you need to take into account the number and size of pallets that need to be placed on the rack. Therefore, the length of the building must correspond to the length of the racks that are located on them. It is also important to take into account the area needed for the tracks along the two ends of the shelves.

Optimal building height

It is important that there is little space left between the plants that are placed in the soil or on shelves, while at the same time the summer resident has enough space to conveniently maintain them.

For example, if you plan to grow short plants in the ground, then the height of the greenhouse from the top door cornice to the ceiling will be 40–60 cm. If you want to grow plants on racks, then you need to add the dimensions of the shelves to the height.

Important: the height of the greenhouse ridge must be greater than the given value of the side walls. If the height in the ridge is 2.3–2.4 m, then in the cornice it will be 1.6–1.7 m.

The height of the door must be adjusted to the average height of the user. Most often the value is 1.8 m.

Drawing up diagrams and drawings

On the diagram you need to indicate the length, width and height that were calculated earlier.

A competent drawing is based on the shape and dimensions of the structure, and the construction diagram should be based on the requirements for this structure and the purpose of its use. It is recommended to take photos and dimensions of finished greenhouse frames as a basis or draw up a greenhouse project yourself.

An example of a competent drawing

Ready-made structures, which are manufactured at the factory, imply full compliance of the material and frame used with the main load and conditions of use. The design of a product that is built by hand should be based on similar rules.

The technology for drawing up a design diagram implies compliance with the following features:

1. The frame in most cases is made of pipes or metal profiles. This is the best option for such structures.
2. Lumber absorbs moisture, so it is not recommended to use it for making frames.
3. If for some reason it was decided to use wood, then it is necessary to treat it with an antiseptic and apply a layer of varnish, which can extend the service life of the structure.
4. The product diagram must be drawn up in accordance with the calculation of the characteristics of possible loads on the frame structure and coating. It is important to take into account the loads from wind and snow.
5. If the design does not involve the manufacture of a durable frame, then the product must be cleared of snow from time to time in winter. Such a frame structure is cheaper, but it is less practical.

The frame of the building can be made of the following materials:

• aluminum;
• steel;
• wood;
• plastic.

Frame diagram of a small greenhouse

It is important to carefully consider how the heating system will be placed.

Greenhouse water heating scheme

Most often, modern greenhouses use water heating, which involves heating the plants being grown during the cold period by means of hot water that circulates in pipes.

If the greenhouse is installed near a private house, then you can connect it to the building’s heating system. In this case, the heating diagram will make it possible to correctly correlate the heating system of the greenhouse with a similar system in a private house. However, in most cases, an independent system is built for a greenhouse.

Selection of material for manufacturing

In the process of drawing up a diagram, it is necessary to take into account the material that will be used to cover the frame. The winter greenhouse must be durable and airtight, so wood or metal are suitable materials. These materials are durable, so you can choose any one. Wood is easy to work with, but metal is more reliable. Wood will not heat up at elevated temperatures.

The racks must be strong and thick, otherwise they will not be able to withstand the weight of the building and the load from snow on the roof.

Suitable materials for cladding:

• glass;
• polyethylene;
• polycarbonate

If the choice fell on film, then the frame must be sheathed in several layers. It is not recommended to use this material for arranging the entire product.

Quite often greenhouses are made with glass coverings.

Small glass greenhouse

The main advantages of this material:

1. High level of transparency and durability. Unlike other coatings, the transparency of glass remains unchanged during use. You only need to wash the windows from dust and dirt from time to time.
2. The material is environmentally friendly. It will not emit odors when heated.
3. Glass does not interact with other elements, so if chemicals or fertilizers come into contact with it, the glass will not change its properties.

The disadvantages include:

1. Fragility. If for any reason the frame structure of the greenhouse changes its geometry, the glass facing sheets will break.
2. The material is heavy, and therefore the frame needs to be strengthened.
3. The material is suitable exclusively for stationary structures.
4. Increased thermal conductivity. The air temperature in glass products decreases quickly in frosty conditions and at night.
5. High cost of material. This type of coating is the most expensive.

Another type of coating is polyethylene.

Polyethylene coated construction

Main advantages:

1. Can be used for the manufacture of structures of any complexity.
2. Low cost.
3. Easy to install film.

The disadvantage is that the material is short-lived. A greenhouse that is covered with polyethylene is not able to withstand the weight of snow and strong winds. Therefore, summer residents need to remove the film from the frame structure in the winter. However, such actions have a positive effect on the condition of the soil.

Not long ago, a new material called agrofibre appeared on sale.

Agrofibre-coated construction

Unlike polyethylene, the material is durable and has a high level of transparency. Agrofibre can withstand heavy weight and strong gusts of wind. The material is breathable, so the greenhouse will not need to be ventilated often. Another advantage is the lightness of the product. This makes it possible to move the greenhouse from place to place.

Another material is polycarbonate.

Polycarbonate coated product

This type of coating is quite popular, as it combines the advantages of the first two types. The material is a lightweight, transparent plastic that has a high level of light transmittance. Polycarbonate also has the following advantages:

1. The material is durable and can withstand significant loads.
2. Low thermal conductivity. This makes it possible to save heat inside the greenhouse for a long time.

During hot weather, the temperature inside a polycarbonate structure can exceed 60°C, so the product must be ventilated. It is recommended to provide windows in the building.

You need to choose the material based on your needs.

Calculation of the amount of material

You cannot make mistakes in the process of drawing up a drawing and calculating materials - everything must be accurate to within 1 mm. Be sure to indicate the dimensions of the parts, even if they are repeated. An example of calculating the material for making a frame is shown in the figure below:

An example of calculating material for a frame

Installation of polycarbonate sheets

One standard sheet is 6 m long, and the thickness does not matter. The circumference of a standard greenhouse is also 6 m. If you decide to make a greenhouse with a house, then the formula will be as follows: H x 2 + W, where H is the height of the structure, and W is the width.

Standard sizes of polycarbonate

The sheet width is 2.1 m, which is 10 cm more than the standard span between greenhouse sections. This makes it possible to make a hermetically sealed overlap of sheets.

The end part of the structure has a width of 3 m and a height of 2.1 m. To cover 2 ends, you need 1 sheet of polycarbonate.

A sheet 6 m long needs to be cut into two parts to get 2 sections of 3 m each. The height of the sections will be 2.1 m. The elements completely repeat the dimensions of the pediment.

Accordingly, for a greenhouse 4 m long, 3 sheets of material are needed. The first sheet is attached to the end part of the structure, and the remaining 2 sheets cover the product in the upper part. If you plan to make a structure 6 m long, then you need to purchase 4 sheets of material. For a greenhouse 8 m long you will need 5 sheets of polycarbonate.

To make a greenhouse you will need the following elements:

• brush;
• dye;
• concrete mixture for preparing mortar;
• roulette;
• building level;
• sand;
• electric drill;
• frame material;
• reinforcing mesh;
• nails;
• hammer;
• coating material.

It is important to prepare tools and materials in advance so as not to stop the construction process.

Instructions for making a greenhouse

The construction of a greenhouse begins with choosing the location of the structure. It is important to consider the following factors:

1. It is important to choose a place protected from the wind. If there is often strong wind in the chosen location, then you need to think about protecting the product. This will make it possible to reduce heating costs and continuously maintain the optimal temperature.
2. The winter greenhouse should receive a large amount of daylight. It is recommended to position the structure lengthwise from west to east.
3. Access or passage to the structure must be convenient and wide. Thanks to this, it will be convenient to use the building for its intended purpose.

To protect the greenhouse from the wind, summer residents often plant a hedge. It should be remembered that the fence must be located at a distance of at least 10 m. The distance depends on the height of the ridge.

How to make a base for a greenhouse?

The simplest method of constructing a base for a greenhouse is to tie its perimeter with slats with a section of 12x12 cm.

Wooden base for a greenhouse

Sequence of manufacturing steps:

1. Dig a trench.
2. Lay out the roofing felt.
3. Mount the timber in several rows.
4. Connect the rows with pins.
5. Attach the greenhouse using construction corners.

The advantage of such a foundation is the possibility of dismantling and ease of installation. The disadvantage is that the base is subject to rot, even if protective agents are used. Accordingly, it is recommended to use the foundation exclusively as a temporary option.

If the area is damp, then a block base is suitable.

Greenhouse block foundation

You can do it this way:

1. You will need to pour a 10 cm thick layer of gravel onto the prepared soil.
2. Concrete must be poured on top of the fill.
3. Place the starting block in the solution.
4. Using a building level, the block must be leveled horizontally and vertically.
5. The hollow block will need to be filled with concrete mortar and compacted.
6. The base of the foundation needs to be smoothed.
7. Using a construction cord, the clinker should be laid.
8. After the solution has hardened, it is necessary to cover the seams.

Where the base adjoins the walls of the greenhouse, it is important to use whole bricks. The gaps between the material can be filled with small pieces.

The most reliable foundation is a brick structure on a concrete base. Manufacturing instructions:

1. First of all, you will need to dig a pit 10 cm deep and 20 cm wide.
2. If the soil is loose and soft, then it is recommended to make formwork from old slats.
3. The container must be filled with concrete mortar.
4. A building level must be mounted on a long straight plank to check the horizontalness of the concrete base.
5. Anchor bolts with a diameter of 10 mm should be installed on the sides and ends. Installation must be done so that they correspond to the base of the frame structure.
6. After 6–7 days, the initial row of bricks is laid. The seams between adjacent elements must be completely filled with the mixture.

Visually, the base manufacturing process can be seen in the figure:

Making a brick base

During the installation of the greenhouse, it is necessary to drill holes for the bolts in the frame structure, after which the joints are tightened with nuts. It is recommended to lay a waterproofing layer between the wooden frame and the bricks.

How to make a base, walls and frame?

One of the main processes is the construction of the base. The element is made from new brick.

Base for greenhouse

Sequencing:

Instructions for constructing the frame:

Additionally, corner supports can be provided.

How to sheathe the frame?

As mentioned earlier, it is best to use polycarbonate. It is worth knowing that the plastic coating expands in the heat and contracts when the temperature drops.

When installing the material, the following factors should be taken into account:

1. Installation of polycarbonate on the frame is carried out in a certain direction. Sheets must be positioned vertically.
2. The parts are mounted with the outer side facing out.
3. If you plan to build an arc greenhouse, then the sheets are attached in the direction of the arcs of the frame structure.
4. When constructing a pitched product, polycarbonate is attached along the vertical posts and rafters.
5. Do not over-tighten the fasteners.

Polycarbonate can be fixed with various fasteners.

The rules for installing fasteners are contained in the figure:

Rules for installing self-tapping screws in polycarbonate

Step-by-step instructions for covering the frame:

1. First of all, you will need to cut the sheets. They need to be placed vertically so that condensation can drain from the voids. The sheets must be cut so that the joints fall on the profile of the frame structure.
2. The minimum roof overhang is 50 mm.

   Small roof overhang for joining surfaces

   If there is no overhang, then the junction of the inclined and vertical base must be secured with an adjustable corner profile.

3. The lower end parts must be covered with a special profile, having previously been pasted over with aluminum tape. Special profiles are also produced for external corners, ridge and longitudinal joints:

   Types of profiles for polycarbonate

4. To fix material with a metal frame, it is recommended to use self-tapping screws with large heads and rubber gaskets.
5. Large parts must be installed through a connection profile. There is no need to screw screws into the panels. The sheets are attached to the profile with a gap of several mm. The process can be seen in the figure:

   Installation of large parts through a split profile

You can drill polycarbonate using standard metal drills.

Video: covering a greenhouse with polycarbonate

Finally, you will need to install the door.

Greenhouse interior design

At this stage, you need to install electricity and water into the structure. It is recommended to involve a specialist. Sequencing:

1. Lighting outlets are distributed and shut-off valves are installed.
2. Installation of lamps. They must be selected based on the characteristics of the plants. The best option is LED lamps.
3. At the next stage, you need to choose the type of growing plants - on beds or racks.
4. The soil is brought in, substrates, fertilizers and various additives are prepared.

Finally, heating is installed.

Video: instructions for installing heating in a greenhouse

It is important to choose a heating system based on your needs and capabilities.

How to heat?

The productivity of the greenhouse depends on the type of heating. Today there are many heating options: To choose, you need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of them:

1. Electric Energy. It is possible to perform installation on an area that is located far from the house. It is allowed to use a convector, cable heating, heat pump and water heating.
2. Gas. In the greenhouse you will need to install a gas heater in which combustion will take place. To prevent oxygen burnout, good ventilation must be provided.
3. Bake. The option is affordable and economical. Gas, coal or wood are used as fuel. The disadvantage is the heating of the walls. It is not allowed to plant plants near the stove.
4. Sun. Not suitable for winter, as the sun's rays will not be able to heat it. Can be combined with other heating sources.

You need to choose a heating system based on the local climate, planned budget and type of plants grown.

To extend the life of the greenhouse, it is important to consider the following:

1. To prevent heavy snow drift, the structure should be placed at a distance of 1–2 m from buildings, fences and trees.
2. After snowfalls, the greenhouse needs to be cleaned.
3. To prevent the product from being torn off by the wind, metal pegs must be driven into the corners of the building.
4. Polycarbonate can be cleaned with a soft cloth soaked in water.

Greenhouses do not require special attention, but periodic cleaning is recommended.

If you approach the issue of construction responsibly and follow the technology, then you can make a high-quality structure with your own hands, in which it will be possible to grow almost any plants.

Heated winter greenhouses are becoming increasingly popular. And all because their use will allow you to cultivate vegetables and herbs even in the Urals all year round, despite severe frosts in winter. Read on to learn how to build a winter greenhouse to provide care for your plants.

Pros and cons of the best projects

A greenhouse for growing plants in winter is the best choice for the modern gardener. Perhaps many would like to have a corner with greenery at their summer cottage, which will delight them during the cold season. First of all, you need to decide on the design of the future greenhouse. Some farmers prefer classic types (with a gable or single-pitched roof), others choose non-standard shapes (dome or triangular). The key advantage of winter greenhouses is the presence of a heating and lighting system.

One of the popular types among winter greenhouses is the thermos greenhouse. Such a structure is advantageous in that it is isolated from unfavorable external conditions and even from the ground. It has its own unique microclimate, allowing for the cultivation of exotic plants. This professional construction is not too expensive to maintain, has excellent thermal insulation characteristics, and its coating allows sunlight to pass through well.

Such a do-it-yourself winter greenhouse will be an acceptable solution for a gardener living in a region with any climatic conditions. However, we should not forget that even the best winter greenhouse projects are always costly and labor-intensive. You will have to spend a lot of time and money to build such a building.

Video “Winter greenhouse”

From this video you will learn how to build a winter greenhouse with your own hands.

Important design features

How to make a winter greenhouse yourself, you need to figure it out step by step. First of all, you should understand what features your greenhouse structure will have.

The principle of its operation is standard, but you should take into account the following points about winter greenhouses:

• availability of high-quality coverage. Film is used for the most part only in the construction of summer greenhouses. The best solution for a winter copy is glass, since it is this that guarantees optimal thermal insulation. You can also use double polycarbonate, but do not forget that this material is slightly inferior to glass, so having a high-quality heating system is simply a must;
• foundation thickness. If summer greenhouses are most often installed directly on the ground, without any foundation, then winter structures should be built on a solid foundation - brick, concrete or aerated block;
• roof with a slope. It doesn’t matter whether you choose a single-slope or double-slope option, the angle of inclination should be sharp enough so that snow masses do not linger on the roof of the greenhouse;
• installation of lighting and heating systems. In winter, you cannot do without these auxiliary functions if you want to grow herbs and vegetables;
• presence of a strong frame. A metal profile or wooden beams are the best choice for a winter greenhouse.

Take into account the features of such structures, and as a result you will get a reliable and warm greenhouse.

Step-by-step instruction

It’s not difficult to figure out how to properly build a greenhouse for growing plants in winter. The main thing is to take into account all the important points and then purchase quality materials. Let's take a closer look at what this labor-intensive process includes in order to clearly understand how the construction of a winter greenhouse is carried out.

Design

A winter greenhouse with double polycarbonate or glass will last you quite a long time if you take the project seriously. If you have drawings, you can easily determine the amount of materials needed. In addition, the entire installation process will take place without unnecessary difficulties. In the diagram you created, indicate the dimensions of the building that are optimal for the summer cottage.

Selection of materials

When the capital structure project is ready, it's time to start selecting materials. First of all, you need a strong frame, so it is better to use wooden beams or metal profiles to assemble it. Pipes are also used, but for a large winter greenhouse they will not be stable enough.

As for the cladding, it should also be chosen in advance. A budget option is polyethylene film, but it is not particularly durable. It is better to opt for a polycarbonate structure or glass. In this case, building a greenhouse will give a good result.

Laying the foundation

It doesn’t matter whether you decide to build an industrial greenhouse or a home one, having a strong foundation is a must if you want to grow vegetables and herbs in winter. Wooden beams, stone, brick - all this is suitable for creating a foundation. The most reliable option is considered to be a strip base. First, dig a trench around the perimeter of the future greenhouse, then make wooden formwork. There must be a compacted layer of sand at the bottom, on top of which you pour concrete.

Heating installation

The heating system is installed at the very beginning of construction.

Most often, gardeners prefer to install a stove and run pipes through the building in several rows. Stove heating of a greenhouse is the most common option. However, do not forget that in this case you will not be able to regulate the temperature yourself.

Construction of the frame

A large winter greenhouse must have not only a strong foundation, but also a reliable frame. If you decide to assemble it from metal profiles, the connection of the lower parts can be done directly on the base of the greenhouse. They are secured with bolts or anchors.

The next stage is the installation of vertical racks. It is best to use a welding machine in the process, then the frame will be much more reliable. Next you will need to build roof racks.

Roof and siding

Winter home greenhouses made of polycarbonate with heating will become the pride of any gardener if you implement your project correctly. Those who decide to use cellular polycarbonate must first measure out the sheets. Then align and mount them to the posts. Another key point: upon completion of the sheathing, you need to thoroughly seal all joints from the inside. Do not forget about the need for vents in the greenhouse.

Lighting and watering

How to heat a greenhouse is clear. At the final stage of greenhouse construction, you need to decide on the lighting option. If you want to plant greens, you can safely install ordinary incandescent lamps. To cultivate berries you will need LED lamps. Also worry about installing a drip irrigation system. In this case, the container with water should be heated.

Soil delivery

When your greenhouse project is complete and all additional features have been taken into account, install the beds here. To do this, the greenhouse must have a layer of good, fertile soil. In this case, growing greens and vegetables will be a success for you.

– wants to find and implement the best projects. Every detail of the layout is thought through, because the greenhouse is one of those types of structures whose operation continues for several seasons. In this regard, it is necessary to successfully separate the objective characteristics of each of the options presented on the market from the unfulfilled promises of manufacturers.

The first thing to remember is that there are no ideal options in all respects. The key factor is the gardener's end goal. First, it’s worth thinking about what kind of greenhouses a gardener needs—stationary or temporary—and how often he will use them.

If we are talking about year-round use, then in this case a permanent structure with a strip foundation is installed. Less pompous, wooden options are used in seasonal greenhouses.

After this, you need to analyze the amount of internal space required. Gardeners planning to plant a variety of crops will need a wide model. Depending on the characteristics of vegetables, flowers and berries, the standard model device is supplemented with metal dividing partitions. For a smaller variety, separating the crops using small grooves will be sufficient.

In addition, there are several more practical recommendations that allow you to choose a greenhouse project that is beneficial in all respects:

• If sudden frosts occur in the region, then an artificial heating system becomes mandatory for greenhouse complexes;
• Radishes, tomatoes and other moisture-loving crops require the installation of a drip irrigation system for greenhouses;
• Gardeners planning to grow heat-loving crops with their own hands should think about the necessary insulation of joints and the front door.

The greenhouse design is selected taking into account the existing needs of the gardener. The range of average monthly temperatures, humidity levels, characteristics of the crops grown - all this must be taken into account when choosing a particular model. In addition, to organize a year-round greenhouse made of polycarbonate, a permanent structure is required, and for a seasonal option, a wooden frame is also suitable.

Energy efficient greenhouse models

In Europe, greenhouses have become the norm for those who spend a lot of time in rural areas. In this case, we are talking about latest generation models that eliminate possible risks. Draft, lack or excess of moisture, insufficient lighting - all this is controlled by a computer. Such projects are not cheap, but this does not reduce the demand for them. If we talk about more common realities, then you can find affordable “smart” options on sale.

Before starting construction work, it is necessary to briefly list the basic requirements that the building must meet.

As in the previous case, we must proceed from the existing needs:

• The need to install an internal ventilation system;
• Daily amount of water required for irrigation;
• The need to install additional light and water sources.

The more accurately the listed nuances are reflected in the drawings, the less excess spending awaits the gardener. You need to pay particular attention to this in the case of a winter or year-round greenhouse. During this period, the maximum amount of resources that need to be saved is consumed.

Preparing the roof: greenhouse project

Having dealt with the base, you can move on to the top of the entire structure. First, you need to remember that to create a year-round model you will need a 2-pitched roof. Its advantage is that precipitation falls quickly, which eliminates the possibility of heavy snowfall or rain falling inside. Skeptics may argue that such a roof requires more time and resources to build.

The emphasis is on the fact that a 2-pitched roof is difficult to assemble and literally requires jeweler's precision. To a certain extent, such arguments have the right to life, if not for one “but”. A properly assembled 2-pitch roof will last longer than its analogues.

The following recommendations will help facilitate the design and installation of the structure:

1. The use of a multifaceted installation option provides for seasonal use of the structure. Everything is erected in a few hours and, if necessary, the table can be quickly disassembled.
2. If you plan to use the greenhouse to grow a small number of crops, then you should pay attention to a single-pitched roof. Such a greenhouse is placed only on the south side of the house to ensure a constant flow of sunlight. Depending on the customer’s needs, a single-slope greenhouse can be connected to the heating system of the house.
3. Dome roofs are one of the best options for greenhouses operating in “thermos” mode. Thanks to the spherical shape of the structure, sunlight entering inside is evenly distributed. The only drawback of this option is the numerous zones where air stagnates.
4. According to the Standards for the Technical Design of Greenhouses (NTP), the frame must be strengthened with the help of additional jibs.

There are four common types of greenhouse roofs. Each of them has a limited scope of use, so it is strongly recommended that you read the technological description before starting installation. Even a minor mistake will result in heat losses.

We are looking for a durable frame: polycarbonate greenhouse projects

All finished models, as a rule, include wooden elements. They must be treated with a special substance – an antiseptic. It reduces all sorts of risks associated with the appearance of pests or the onset of rotting. Drying oil for the home, mixed with resin in a 1:1 ratio, will not be superfluous.

Here the emphasis is on the average monthly operating temperature range. If you don’t have to bother with numerous statistical data, then you can choose the energy-saving “smart” Arduino greenhouse. It contains sensors that can monitor many indicators in real time.

The following recommendations will provide some assistance to the gardener:

• The thickness of the external glass in the double-glazed windows used should not be less than 4 mm;
• The minimum required thickness of polycarbonate sheets ranges from 10 to 17 mm, depending on climatic conditions;
• The frame will be in a more advantageous position if the greenhouse is oriented in the server-south direction;
• A slight deviation towards the west is allowed within 15 degrees;
• If we are talking about single-slope options, then in this case the design has a deviation of within 15 degrees towards the east;
• Regardless of the type of greenhouse, it is strictly forbidden to press polycarbonate sheets too tightly to the surface.

A common standard 810 greenhouse design requires a certain ratio of width and thickness of sheets. If we are talking about a thickness of up to 10 mm, then in this case the width should not be more than 105 cm.

In the case when sheets with a thickness of 16 mm are used, the maximum permissible width is up to 139 cm. The more accurately the gardener coordinates his actions with the given dimensions, the stronger the entire structure will be.

At the stage of design and estimate surveys, it is necessary to think through in detail the position of the building frame. Construction work will be more efficient if the structure is correctly oriented in space at the sketch level. It is enough to make a mistake of just 15-20 degrees for the future harvest to perish.

Seasonal option: standard greenhouse design

You can often hear that the duration of the summer season ranges from 2 to 4 months. In this case, there is no need to make or buy complex structures. To create a seasonal option, wooden beams are suitable, on top of which the frame is mounted.

It is important to pay attention to the depth of groundwater. As already mentioned, the closer they are to the surface, the stronger the base should be.

New lightweight profiles are used as the basis, which even beginners can handle installation.

In order to reduce the number of possible errors, it is recommended to rely on the following recommendations:

• The key factor when choosing is the area of ​​the product and the degree of complexity of its installation;
• You should not adhere to the orientation of the greenhouse in space;
• It does not matter what form of frame is chosen for seasonal construction;
• The coating used is 1-layer polycarbonate or film.

Seasonal greenhouses are used on personal plots where the owner spends little time. Don't focus too much on the numerous physical parameters. A greater emphasis is placed on the ease of assembly and operation of the structure.

We create a greenhouse project with our own hands

The use of the AutoCAD program for designing various greenhouses is becoming popular.

It is enough to spend a few hours to have information in front of your eyes that reflects potential performance characteristics.

The finished layout can be rotated in several planes, which provides comprehensive analysis.

If we talk about the advantages of such a program, they look like this:

• Determining the optimal angle of incidence of sunlight;
• Selecting the number of roof slopes;
• Calculation of foundation strength, etc.

The use of computer tools allows you to independently determine the required geometry of the greenhouse. Using programs of this kind is not difficult. It is enough to first read the user manual. If everything is done correctly, then in computer modulation mode you can study the influence of various factors on the building.

Newbie mistakes when building a greenhouse: drawings and projects

Even experienced designers are not always able to avoid such problems during construction, so don’t get upset ahead of time. All data offered by the computer program must be adapted to real conditions.

A few tips based on an analysis of common mistakes will help you better understand this:

• An energy-saving greenhouse always requires a 15-20% stronger foundation than indicated in the calculations;
• The width of polycarbonate sheets should be 1/6 times larger to eliminate possible errors associated with incorrect division of them.

Trust, but still verify - this is how one can characterize the key to successful work of designers. Leaving a few extra cm is a guarantee that the construction process will not fall victim to forced downtime.

We are developing a winter greenhouse project

For household plots and greenhouse complexes, the winter version of the greenhouse is very relevant. It is a mistake to think that we are talking only about partial insulation of the structure. It is necessary to take a comprehensive approach to analyzing the operational characteristics of the site.

The following practical recommendations will provide some assistance to gardeners:

• Mandatory use of a 2-slope roof shape;
• Application of 2 or 3-layer polycarbonate;
• Placing the structure in a southerly direction;
• Use of temperature sensors;
• Availability of insulation system for windows and entrance group.

DIY greenhouses: the best projects (video)

The greenhouse project requires detailed study. Temperature, humidity level, degree of illumination and duration of use are only a small part of the parameters, taking into account which will completely relieve the gardener from problems, literally and figuratively. Specialized computer programs that allow you to create a 3D model of a greenhouse will provide invaluable assistance in your work.

Examples of do-it-yourself greenhouses: the best projects (photos of ideas)

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