The article describes the reasons for the formation of cracks in plaster on the wall, swelling of the surface, and its delamination. It also describes in detail how to repair a wall with cracks, and how to prevent a plastered wall from immediately cracking.
Causes of cracks
Blistering can occur due to incorrect composition of the solution. If unseasoned lime was used, in which there were unslaked particles, then after covering the walls, small swellings may appear on them. After some time, the coating will completely deteriorate. To prevent this from happening, you need to clean off the plaster with bubbles, and then spread more on the surface. high-quality composition. Other reasons:
- Cracks may appear when using poorly mixed or greasy solutions. Fatty solutions are those in which there is an excess of astringents.
- Cracks also occur due to surfaces drying out too quickly. To prevent this from happening, you need to prepare the plaster strictly according to the instructions, carefully stirring the composition before applying it to the walls.
- It may come off the wall due to excessive moisture on the wall or an overly dry surface.
- It is also advised to wait until each applied layer dries, and finishing Apply to a completely dry wall.
- On new wall in a built-in building, it is worth using concrete contact before each new layer of plaster, this will ensure adhesiveness, which is absent without preliminary surface treatment.
- You should not plaster walls in an unheated room before frost.
Why do walls crack after plastering?
If you cover a wall with a plaster composition without following the technology, it will definitely crack:
- Aerated concrete is vapor permeable, which is why the plaster applied to aerated concrete must also be vapor permeable. It is even better if it has stronger vapor permeability than aerated concrete, otherwise steam will accumulate in the coating and it will crack.
- You also need to remember that finishing must be done in one day. Otherwise, the next day the air temperature and humidity will be different, they will change the conditions for the mixture to solidify, and the wall will crack.
- If moisture gets on and under the plaster during work, it may crack.
What to do?
If the cement-based coating has come off from the aerated concrete, then it needs to be completely cleaned off and reapplied.
First, it is advised to finish the walls inside the room, and only then finish the facade.
The plaster may come off due to constant changes in humidity. You need to find the source of the increase or decrease in humidity and correct it.
If this happened due to a mixture of poor quality or an old composition, then you can only completely remove the old finish and apply a new one.
The problem should be carefully studied; perhaps this was due to subsidence, which appeared due to the fact that the plaster preparation time specified by the manufacturer was not followed. Then just redo everything.
When applying the mixture in hot weather, it is necessary to slow down the drying of the walls. To do this, they are moistened from time to time.
But if cracks do occur, then the walls are rubbed with mortar or gypsum dough. If the gaps are too large, they are widened, cleaned, moistened and plaster is applied.
Try placing paper tape over the peeling plaster area. If the tape breaks, you will have to start all over again.
Repairing cracks in plaster has own algorithm actions, filled with some subtleties that require careful study.
Subtleties of sealing cracks:
- It is advised to buy a mixture of the same brand that was used previously.
- You cannot work at air temperatures below +5°C and at humidity levels above 80%.
What to do if the wall cracks again?
- Cement must be carefully but thoroughly cleaned using a hammer and chisel. Any area that looks unsafe should be cleaned.
- Then thoroughly rinse the crack to remove any remaining material, dirt, or dust. Wait until everything is completely dry. At the same time, you can prepare the solution. Before application, the crack should be moistened from the inside and covered with a new solution.
- Next, attach the reinforced paper tape and wait and see what happens.
- Then you can plaster the tape. Afterwards it should be sanded and then finished.
- A crack that is less than 5 mm wide, before applying finishing putty covered with assembly glue.
How to repair cracks in the wall if the cause has been eliminated, but many defects remain on the surface? large cracks OK?
First you need to seal every crack, and then attach reinforced mesh. Sealants can be used, but the sealant must have such properties that it can be applied to a lime wall.
If the wall is made of concrete, then initially you need to lubricate the crack inside with PVA glue, and then cover it with a cement mixture.
Why does plaster fall off the wall after renovation?
The plaster falls off the wall after repair due to non-compliance with plastering technology.
Make the mixture strictly according to the instructions, knead it correctly. If you did everything correctly, then you will need 9 kg of gypsum-based composition or 20 kg of sand-cement composition per 1 cm layer with an area of 1 m². It is required to stir the composition in clean buckets and use clean tools.
How to properly prepare a mixture of gypsum and cement?
- If you are making a gypsum composition, then the entire composition is slowly poured from the bag into cold water, wait a short time, and then mix again. Do not mix old and new formulations.
- If you pour a lot of water into the sand-cement mixture, it will eventually shrink a lot, which will lead to cracks on the wall.
If the wall swells at the site of the crack
It may still peel off. This occurs because the solution was applied to an overly dry surface. Or this solution was applied to another solution having lower strength. To correct the situation, you should clean off the peeling plaster, wet the wall and apply plaster on it again.
Do not forget that before work you should carefully examine the wall and understand where else the material may peel off. When creating a solution and spreading it on the wall, do not forget that the strength of the solution should vary in decreasing order. That is, the first layer of plaster should be stronger than the rest.
Swelling also occurs due to plaster covering an excessively damp wall. To correct the situation, you should clean off the material, dry the surface and apply the solution again.
You need to follow these tips and recommendations when puttingtying walls:
- Before applying the putty, you should wet the wall with plain water. This can be done with a spray bottle.
- The temperature in the apartment should be less than +24°C, but more than +5°C.
- It is impossible for direct rays of the sun to fall on the wall and for there to be a draft.
- A solution with a layer of more than 2 cm must be secured using beacons.
- Before applying the next layer, you should carefully inspect the previous layer to ensure there are no cracks on the wall.
- Gypsum-based plaster is applied in a layer less than 1.5 cm, and cement-based plaster is applied in a layer less than 2 cm.
- We must not forget that on surfaces made of brick, concrete, stone, plaster is applied in a layer of less than 0.5 cm, and on wood - less than 0.9 cm.
- You need to read the instructions written on the bag of dry plaster.
- The components should be mixed in a certain order.
- The walls are reinforced.
To prevent cracks from appearing on the walls later, you must strictly follow the instructions. Avoid drafts and direct sunlight into the room.
If cracks do appear, they need to be cleaned and the walls puttyed again.
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Where to start repairing plaster walls? This question is asked by everyone who is planning to spend the first time major renovation in your house or apartment on your own.
Preparation
Removing old coating
The first step is for you from the entire area that you plan to renovate. Then the masonry seams are cleared to 1.5-2 m, the surface is washed with warm water.
Installation of beacons
If the area planned for repair is large, layers should be applied along beacons to obtain the desired result.
The distance between the beacons is set so that the solution can be placed between them as a rule. The thickness of one beacon should not exceed the thickness of the plaster without taking into account the covering. Instead of beacons, part of the old strong finish can be used.
Leveling by rule
Depending on the season there are. For example, in the dry and dry summer hot weather the surface must be periodically moistened so that it does not dry out too quickly.
Defects are usually eliminated with a brick, a scraper or the end of a dry tree. Wall repairs in wooden house can be produced lime mortar, in wet rooms a more complex cement method plaster.
Protruding corners can be repaired with gypsum mortar, which has the property of rapid hardening. To do this, clean the area to be repaired from any remaining solution and dust, periodically wetting the surface with water. Then apply the plaster mass with your own hands and carefully level it into the correct corner shape.
Note! You can determine the area where the plaster has peeled off by lightly tapping it.
Restoring plaster
Corner finishing technology
If grease stains or soot stains have formed on the surface, they must be eliminated as a priority, before painting and wallpapering. Rust can be eliminated with a three percent solution of hydrochloric acid, fat - two percent.
Rust is also removed with a solution copper sulfate, whitewash or special paints.
The repair school advises that plastering of walls in the presence of uneven surfaces should be carried out after applying leveling putty.
Most often, the damaged area is cut so that the hole has the shape of a rectangle. The surface is thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust and then moistened with soda solution.
If the place to be repaired occupies a considerable area, prepare gypsum adhesive mastic, which is applied to reverse side triangle in the shape of a pyramid.
For those wondering where to start repairing tiled walls, we recommend checking out finishing material for strength. If you cannot carefully remove the damaged tile, you should knock it out in small pieces. This is done gradually from the middle to the edges so as not to catch or damage the edges of neighboring tiles.
In places where windows are connected under a layer of plaster, you can use double-sided foam tape. New tiles are glued with special glue on casein-cement mastic (price - from 280 rubles), proportions 1: 3: 1: 2.5 - dry casein glue, cement, sand, water.
Some advice on how to repair a cracked wall.
- Apply primer and let it dry for 2-3 hours. Then carefully sand the surface so that it is perfectly smooth and even.
- Next, the surface will be coated on top. Apply with a spatula cement mortar and let it dry.
Align
Repairing cracks
- a thing is not eternal. Owners of houses and apartments are faced with a problem when it begins to crack or fall off in places. What to do? We will look at the reasons for this phenomenon, as well as how to repair plaster walls in some places and surface restoration technology.
Surface defects, causes and method of restoration
There are a number of defects that are formed when the proportions of the components of the composition or the technology of its application are violated. The list is as follows:
- Formation of tubercles on the surface and swelling.
- Sedimentary cracks.
- Fresh plaster is peeling off the wall.
- Formation of cracks throughout the entire depth of the solution.
- Efflorescence, spots and stripes appear on the wall after the plaster layer has dried.
What is the reason for such defects? Swelling and bumps may appear if the limestone composition is not seasoned and has unslaked particles. How to make repairs lime plaster in this case? It is necessary to withstand the plaster until the lime is completely extinguished. Defects are opened, abundantly moistened with water and filled plaster mortar. All that remains is to wipe the surface.
Sedimentary cracks are formed when the composition is poorly mixed and when there is an excess of binder. Precise adherence to proportions and dosage in accordance with the packaging will help solve the problem. All that remains is to thoroughly mix the plaster and level the surface.
When the base has not been prepared, cleaned, rough, too dry and dusty, fresh plaster may flake off when applied. To solve this, you will need to pause work and start preparing the surface. The application technology is as follows: notches are made on the surface for better adhesion (or shingles are made), the wall is cleaned of dust and dirt. In addition, it is moistened with water. Then the mixture will not peel off, and repairs to the plaster and surfaces inside the building will not be needed for a long time.
If the problem is cracks throughout the entire thickness of the plaster layer, then there is exactly one reason - there is no reinforcing mesh between the wall and the plaster. The base material is not rigid and is not reinforced in any way. The technology for applying the mixture is that the subsequent finishing layer should be less durable than the previous one, that is, it contains less binder. To prevent the intermediate layers from drying out, they must be moistened with water and reinforced with mesh.
The last defect is spots and stripes. They most often appear on walls with outside. This may be due to very wet or wet surface. Especially when the plaster is applied after rain. The solution is to treat the dried walls and waterproof them to prevent moisture from being drawn up from the ground. Local repairs of plastered walls are performed differently. The technology is simple, but requires careful consideration.
Step-by-step instructions for eliminating defects
You can repair a wall with fallen pieces of plaster yourself. The work is not difficult. You just need to follow the instructions. Alternatively, you can completely remove the layer and apply a new one. But it is more profitable to plaster the damaged areas. It all starts with an inspection. It is important to identify areas that need repair. You will need a wooden mallet. You will have to lightly tap the wall. If a dull sound is heard, then the train has moved away.
- After the examination you need to remove old plaster. We do not touch the places where it holds well.
- Next, the seams are cleaned, if this brickwork. The surface is cleaned of debris and dust.
- A primer is applied to the wall. It is needed for better grip.
- After the surface has dried, the wall is slightly moistened and the solution is applied. If a large part of the wall has peeled off, you will have to use beacons and a rule. This is the only way the surface of the wall will be perfectly flat.
- For minor damage, the plaster is removed in the shape of a square or rectangle. The area is processed according to the previously described method, and the recess is filled with the prepared composition. It is important to adhere to the proportions so that the mixture has the correct consistency.
- Another restoration option is restoration with corks. IN in the right places a hole is drilled to the base, primed, filled with mortar and plastered.
Note! For wooden walls, use limestone mortar. However for wet surfaces he doesn't fit. Better to resort to cement mixture. It is recommended to treat corners with gypsum plaster, as it sets faster.
Restoration work
Plaster repair also involves removing stains from the wall surface. They appear during operation and can be caused by grease, soot or rust. It also happens that the spots formed before finishing works. In this case, you will have to solve this problem before you start gluing wallpaper or laying tiles. Restoration work is as follows:
Advice! Whatever surface you're cleaning, it's important to clear it of dirt and dust first. Only after this other manipulations are performed.
The restoration of the surface under the tiles requires special attention. The procedure is as follows:
- with help rubber mallet the surface of the wall is tapped. This is the only way to identify a peeled or poorly fixed area;
- When the area is found, you need to knock harder so that the tile falls off. If it is not removed in this way, then you will have to act radically - break it. The process requires accuracy: the tile is broken from the center so that the adjacent one is not damaged;
- If after removal there is a strong layer of plaster left, then it is not necessary to knock it down. Should be glued more securely new tiles using special glue;
- when the plaster falls off, the area is cleaned, primed and plastered again. After drying, a new tile is glued.
Removing cracks
With removal on the surface everything is much simpler. Repair of plaster walls in this case consists of two stages: surface preparation and plastering. To begin with, the wall with cracks is cleared of old facing material and dirt. After this, a primer is applied to the surface. When it dries, you can start cleaning it to give the wall a smooth finish.
Section of wall reinforced with mesh Next, the plaster is mixed and applied to the surface. thin layer. The composition is leveled using a spatula. If there are large cracks, it is better to strengthen the structure with reinforcing mesh. With it, the plaster layer will be much stronger and will not crack.
Conclusion
Peeling plaster is a minor problem that you can fix yourself. No need to redo all the work. It is worth carrying out restoration work, which will require a maximum of one day, plaster mixture, primer and spatula with the rule. Even with cosmetic repairs It is recommended to remove the old mortar so that it does not fall off along with the finish during use. Stains and cracks also need repair. Then you can be sure that the finish will last for many more years.
Plaster is a universal coating for walls. It can be either an elegant and decorative part of the interior, or a regular plain background, or a rough option for preparing the surface for any finishing material. The plaster is quite resistant to moisture and tolerates different adverse effects, from temperature changes to scratches from animal claws. However, even this fairly durable material is prone to destruction. How to properly repair plaster interior walls, you will find out in this article.
There are many reasons why plaster deteriorates and loses its aesthetic and functional properties. Most of them are easy to warn at runtime plastering works, but some cases cannot be foreseen.
Reasons that can be avoided:
- poor-quality preparation of the base for applying plaster;
- unremoved remains of the previous coating;
- incorrect selection of solution for the internal or external surface.
Reasons that cannot be influenced:
1. Cracks that appeared in places of increased load on the surface:
- window frames;
- doorways.
2. Defects in plaster due to long-term use.
3. Destruction of plaster due to natural disasters such as earthquakes. 
Important! Plaster, like any other material, loses its properties over time, but any cracks and defects can be eliminated with your own hands. The price of plastering internal walls in this case will be significantly lower than when performing these works professional builders. Let us note one more fact that interior plaster walls made of aerated concrete are as easy as finishing brick or monolithic ones concrete foundations. Therefore, the main rule is to follow the sequence of actions and all the conditions of the damage repair technology. 
How to check the strength of the coating?
Before starting repairs to a visible area of destruction, be sure to check the entire plastered surface. The check is done in order to prevent the rapid destruction of new areas. To do this, simply tap it with a rubber or wooden hammer. 
Important! Durable coating publishes ringing sound, and not strong gives off a dull tone.
Which solution should I choose to repair damage?
Repair of plaster in mandatory use the same solution that was used to make the plaster initially.
Important! Don't let typical mistake, purchasing and manufacturing a composition that is more durable, in your opinion, which is not always compatible with the previous coating. The price of plastering internal walls in this case completely depends only on the quality of the initial mixture for the mortar, so give preference to trusted manufacturers, but with an affordable cost of materials. 
The texture, color and aesthetic appearance of the surface directly depends on what mixture you use.
Important! If the damage is significant and is caused precisely by the fact that the mortar was initially of poor quality, in this case it is advisable to completely replace the plaster rather than strengthen individual fragments of the wall with a different composition. Otherwise renovation work Plastering of internal walls will have to be carried out regularly. 
How to properly prepare walls when repairing plaster?
To save time and money, many people prefer to repair only noticeable irregularities and damage, not paying attention to the fact that in other places the plaster can also adhere to honestly. This looks presentable, but in practice it is fraught with constant re-restoration of the surface. 
To avoid this result, before starting minor repairs, do the following:
Technology for repairing plaster of internal walls
Regardless of the type of material in need of repair, the operating technology is the same:
Video
Watch the proposed example of a video of plastering interior walls to clearly see the whole process and properly organize yourself when carrying out repair work.
Features of gypsum plaster repair
Repair gypsum plaster is carried out in accordance with the basic rules for sealing cracks on the surface, but there are some distinctive nuances. After checking the wall where cracks are found, proceed to repair the damage by familiarizing yourself with the suggested method below. 
Tools
For DIY repairs you will need the following tools:
Surface preparation
This procedure is not much different from standard process preparation:
Repair technology
Features of repair of cement-sand plaster
This type of plaster is no more complicated than gypsum plaster, the general algorithm for their implementation is very similar, but the method of applying the mixture and preparing the base also includes distinctive features. 
Tools
For this type of wall repair, the following materials and tools are needed:
Technology
To obtain high-quality coating plaster from cement-sand mortar, do the job as follows:
Conclusion
When repairing stucco, it is important to be extremely careful and organized. Compliance with all rules will ensure high-quality and long service new surface. If the surface of your home is significantly damaged, do not be lazy to completely replace the plaster, because it is better to do it well once than to redo the work in parts over and over again.