What does a logistician do in a transport company? What is logistics? Types of logistics

The formation of each profession has natural causes that arise from people's needs. What distinguishes logistics is the widespread use of its methods and approaches to performing various tasks. To understand the essence of the specialty, it is enough to remember the basic planning of a working day or weekend. In the evening, a person draws up a plan for completing the planned tasks, distributes the time of shopping trips, calculates money for buying groceries, etc. Based on each of the described examples, you can already get an idea of what a logistician does on the market. professional level. Of course, in specialized areas there is a different scale of planning, which explains the separation of such services into a separate category.

The origins of logistics and its formation

The first signs of more or less pronounced professional logistics began to appear in Greece and Byzantium. This is where the principles and responsibilities of specialists were laid down. By and large, the first logistician is the manager of army supply processes. At the same time, a request for optimization was formed trading processes. Close interaction between countries, new relationships with foreign merchants, development of previously unknown routes - these and other factors determined the need for careful planning of trade routes, calculation of goods and storage methods.

Modern logistics is guided by centuries-old principles - its functions are aimed at optimizing various processes for the purpose of material gain. At the same time, as in all other areas, specialists in this profile use more technologically advanced and effective means for your work. Large enterprises are doing everything possible to improve the efficiency of their staff. Therefore, a logistician is, first of all, an informed person, who has a full range of technical and communication tools in his arsenal. With their help, analytical work is carried out, as well as information and coordination activities, which allows you to quickly and accurately manage logistics processes.

Responsibilities of a Logistics Specialist

The range of functions of a logistician is multifaceted, wide and depends on the specific industry. To understand what a logistician does, you need to delve into the structure of a particular enterprise. In general, his responsibilities include organizing and coordinating transport, trade and warehouse processes in order to optimize the activities of the enterprise.

The list of job responsibilities of a logistician can be presented as follows:

Organization and coordination of transportation, storage, procurement and other operations.
Managing the flow of goods in the warehouse.
Drawing up optimal routes for cargo transportation.
Transport control and driver activity management.
Records management.
Monitoring and optimization of logistics costs.
Interaction with partners and clients.

As you can see, working as a logistician involves solving problems of different nature. Therefore, his responsibility is quite high. Now we can take a closer look at how the responsibilities of representatives of this profession differ in different areas.

Transport logistics

Perhaps, logisticians are most in demand in the transport sector. The fact is that laying routes, be it urban or intercontinental transportation, requires high costs. Maintenance of vehicles, railway infrastructure, and air travel can make up a significant part of the estimate from the order of carrier companies. Accordingly, the choice optimal schemes allows you to save on costs. Moreover, the transport logistician also acts as an analyst who should be involved in monitoring possible ways for delivery of goods.

Warehouse Logistics

Layout, storage, accounting and delivery of goods or products also cannot be done without well-designed logistics models. It would seem that it is enough to store the property in a warehouse and wait for an order to arrive from the store, and then negotiate with the supplier about new purchases. But in practice, such schemes seem simple only in the case of small retail outlets, the storage area of which is a few meters. However, here too, the responsibilities of a logistician include cost optimization and verified trade flows.

Large enterprises often contain entire groups of logisticians and forwarders who are responsible only for ensuring that the client receives his order in a timely manner, and the manufacturer does not wait until space in the warehouse becomes available.

Logistics dispatcher

As a rule, the concept of “dispatcher” is considered separately, since a logistician is more of an organizer. However, these positions have all the prerequisites for combining. For example, direct tracking of the delivery of goods and timely prevention of errors in the work of drivers is a mandatory function of logisticians in many transport services.

Working closely with several departments of the company, the logistics manager must quickly process the received data and accept optimal solutions on management of forwarders.

Supply Chain logisticians

This is a special category of specialists who are responsible for all processes - from accounting for goods to their direct sale. However, you should not be afraid of such a wide range of job functions. Work in the Supply Chain format primarily refers to the production of food products, where, in principle, it is possible to control the entire production chain by one employee. Drawing up long delivery schemes is not the responsibility of a logistician in such niches. And yet SC personnel are rightfully considered the most highly paid.

Training and professional skills

It is impossible to single out a specific educational program that would fully meet the requirements of the logistics services market. Usually, the basic condition for hiring a logistician is considered to be a diploma with an economic profile, but this will also be an inaccurate understanding of a specialist.

The specificity of this profession is due to the fact that only a person with certain individual qualities can master it. It is important not to forget that a logistician is a kind of generalist, ready to think quickly, find a common language with clients and partners, and able to make calculations and analyze the situation. Therefore, a logistician’s talent can only manifest itself during work - accumulated experience and the ability to overcome non-standard problem situations are the best reinforcement for a resume.

Career and prospects

The popularity of the specialty in question is due to two main factors. First of all, this is the steady expansion of the world market and its development - accordingly, the demand for goods, transportation and related services is growing. The second important factor can be defined as the difficulty in finding truly qualified employees. The shortage of personnel is due to the fact that working as a logistician involves harsh conditions, stress, irregular schedules and a high share of responsibility - not everyone can cope with such loads.

But you can also look at examples of successful logisticians. The result of their activities is directly reflected in the efficiency of the enterprise itself, which is a motivating factor for many. Also, do not forget about the logistician’s income, the amount of which usually covers all the unpleasant aspects of the labor process.

With the development of business and expansion of cooperation, business relationships are increasingly faced with issues relating to the delivery and movement of raw materials, information, finance and - logistics departments or logistics companies organize these processes.

Despite the apparent ease of implementing such an event, it is quite complex, labor-intensive and requires large quantity knowledge and experience in this field.

Definition

The term means management of flows of goods, finance and information.

The essence of this process is to find the most rational way to move the product and related funds from the manufacturer to the final recipient and consumer.

Its complexity lies in the need for strict control from the moment of receiving orders and information about planned movements to establishing the production process, storing goods and raw materials and developing optimal methods for their delivery.

When organizing logistics processes, the specialist dealing with this issue must structure the entire process in such a way that get maximum profit at minimum cost.

At the same time, cost savings must be reasonable, because the buyer intends to receive the goods High Quality at a price acceptable to him within a deadline and at the same time maintaining a certain quality of service.

Features and key problems in Russia

Market relations in our country are still at the stage of formation, and therefore there are a number of problems in logistics itself that require timely solutions.

The main features and problems of logistics currently in our country are following:

the difficulty of organizing planned sales due to their significant discrepancy with actual ones;
a small number of transport companies and, as a result, minimal competition among them (such organizations often perform their duties poorly and unreasonably inflate prices for the services provided);
lack of proper optimization of the supplier network;
high cost of the process of organizing warehouse logistics;
low efficiency of developed product flows.

Modern logistics is divided into several types, performing certain functions:

purchasing– performs the functions of searching for suppliers and analyzing their market, assessing reliability, adjusting enterprise inventories, storing goods and raw materials, establishing profitable relationships with customers;
marketing– consists of analyzing the sales market, managing product inventories, financial flows, warehousing, transportation, pricing, credit and advertising policies;
warehouse– controls the layout of warehouses, their parameters, usable area, volume, organization of document circulation, warehouse costs;
transport– regulates the choice of mode of transport (road, air, rail, pipeline, etc.), as well as the delivery route;
financial– regulates mutual settlements, accounts receivable and payable, as well as the company’s transportation costs;
trading– regulates issues related to the operation of the warehouse, its stocks, transport;
industrial– performs the functions of supplying production, organizing sales and personnel flows;
classical– decides general issues relating to the organization and optimization of enterprise processes;
innovative– concerns the search and implementation of additional reserves for increasing operational efficiency and increasing profits;
integrated– performs the functions of combining all processes of one production to create a single uninterrupted process.

Subject, goals, objectives and logistic models

The subject of logistics is the management of resource flows of an individual company and the state of its resources.

As a consequence, the goal of logistics is to improve the efficiency of organizations by finding more profitable ways to move the flow of goods, finances and funds.

From the list of tasks solved by logistics, main are:

goods movement management;
control of organized flows of goods, services, finance and information;
forecasting the need for goods and raw materials and, as a result, planning their movement.

When considering the subject of logistics and its organization, a deeper issue is the concept of the models (objects) used. As such objects, a set of actions and principles for constructing delivery organization stages (material flow, logistics costs, etc.) are studied.

Example of use at all stages of business

Logistics is necessary at almost all stages entrepreneurial activity and is used as follows (consider the example of food production):

Business planning. It is necessary to calculate how profitable it is to locate production in a specific location - whether it is rational in terms of the cost of delivering raw materials, as well as the distance from their locations. It is worth noting that the tasks assigned by the owner to the logistician must be solved as soon as possible.
Planning the supply of manufactured products. An important point is the delivery of products if they are perishable (bread, milk, sausages) – after all, the absence of losses of the enterprise ultimately depends on the speed and smoothness of the process. In addition, at the stage of establishing relationships with customers, it is very important to deliver the goods within the desired time frame and, sometimes, at a specifically specified time.
Product sales management. Here logistics itself comes into close relationship with other structures of the enterprise and, most closely, with marketing. The coordinated work of all operating structures of the enterprise as a whole should ensure the most accurate and complete implementation of the assigned tasks.

The versatility of logistics lies in the fact that in the process of solving and organizing assigned tasks, a large number of operations:

concluding and monitoring the implementation of contracts with suppliers and customers;
control of enterprise inventory management;
organization of transportation (sometimes delivery of necessary materials);
resolving issues with customs authorities;
analysis of existing market needs;
development and conclusion of contracts with clients, taking into account legal and legal aspects.

Choosing a transport company

If necessary, select transport company usually pay attention to the following factors:

Price for services. Of course, it should not be too high compared to the services of other companies. But too low a price can be fraught with non-compliance with obligations and poor quality of service.
The size of the company and the presence of branches in various parts of the country. The more developed the transport company is, the large map cargo transportation it will cover. As a result, if it is necessary to carry out transportation in different directions, it will be possible to continue to use the services of the same company.
Delivery time of goods to a specific point required by the client. As a rule, each transport company has its own terms of transportation from one locality to another. Here the client decides for himself whether they are suitable for him or not.
Warehouse location. The main importance is the remoteness of the place from where it is necessary to pick up the cargo from the transport company’s terminal, because the passage of even empty vehicles must also be paid accordingly.
Conditions of cargo transportation and cases of damage to goods. This depends on the mechanism for picking products, the speed of transportation, and the organization of the loading and unloading process.
Availability of an online calculator on the transport company’s website. Even before the process of contacting its specialists, you can independently enter the necessary conditions transportation and points of departure and receipt of cargo, you can pre-calculate the cost of transportation.
Professionalism of transport company managers. The quality of the work and services provided ultimately depends on how qualified and experienced the company’s employees are.

Influence Sections

Logistics as a separate structure influences following processes:

processing incoming information (orders, existing customers, delivery points) and its interpretation in favor of optimizing the movement of goods;
interaction with government authorities - customs services, tax office etc.;
stock of raw materials, since one of the tasks of a logistician is the uninterrupted and timely supply of products to the client, the volume of its output should also be in the sphere of influence;
procurement (the logistics department necessarily controls the process of purchasing raw materials and materials that influence the sales process).

Relationship with Marketing

Logistics and marketing, especially at the stage of distribution of manufactured products, are very closely interconnected and aimed at the highest quality implementation process in order to increase the company's sales.

Common tasks in which logistics and marketing intersect are:

Construction and organization of a distribution network for goods shipment depending on its demand and cost minimization.
Selection of containers and packaging for goods. On the one hand, it must attract the client as an ordinary consumer, and on the other, ensure the integrity and safety of the product during storage and delivery.
Pricing Process. Carrying out marketing activities and delivery of goods can significantly change the cost of products, both upward and downward (which, naturally, is a higher priority).

What does the logistics department do?

The logistics department is an organizational service of the enterprise and main directions its activities are:

Development of optimal routes for delivery of goods, taking into account the maximum full load of transport, short terms delivery and maintaining the quality of the goods.
Reducing costs for organizing transportation. This is often achieved by using one vehicle to deliver several cargoes in one direction.
Ensuring the safety of cargo during its delivery. In this case important role The safety of the route, taking into account the temperature and humidity conditions of transporting goods, and the speed of loading and unloading products play a role.
Effectively collaborates with other departments of the firm to ensure increased profits, reduced costs and improved profitability.

What does working in logistics mean and who is a logistician? The answers to these questions are in this video.

11Aug

Hello! Today we’ll talk about what transport logistics is and share tips on how to choose a transport logistics company. It is difficult to imagine a business that can exist, much less develop, without transporting various goods. Raw materials need to be delivered to production, finished goods to an intermediary, and from the intermediary to the consumer. Organize all movements while minimizing costs - this is the main task of transport logistics.

Transport logistics as part of logistics science

Let's imagine a person engaged in the manufacture and sale of wooden souvenirs. At first he will have enough own car to bring materials to the workshop and finished goods to the store. But over time, its production will begin to grow, and in addition to thoughts, you will need to think about finding new suppliers, opening a second workshop and branches in other cities.

How can he now manage to carry out all the necessary transportation himself while driving a single car? This is where logistics and transport companies come to the aid of businesses.

It studies the management of all flow movements; its subsection, transport logistics, is responsible for the transportation of material goods through various vehicles.

Costs for transport operations take up about 50% of all logistics costs. The quality of transportation affects costs no less than their direct cost. In this regard, it is very important to consider transport logistics:

From the point of view of the efficiency of the chosen mode of transport;
From the perspective of organizing the transportation process;
From the client's point of view, storage and cargo handling conditions are no less important.

History of the industry

For the first time, the phrase “transport logistics” was officially heard in 1974 in Berlin at the European Congress. At the same time, its main tasks and spheres of influence were formulated.

Transport logistics can be defined as the organization of cargo delivery to a specified point using an optimized route for required time with minimal costs.

In the West, the logistics services market was formed back in the 1990s and every year, according to experts, its capacity grows by an average of 20%. In Russia, people started talking about transport logistics only with the transition to a market economy.

Today at Russian Federation The development of transport logistics is not as fast as in the West. This is primarily due to the lack of clearly delineated responsibilities of the participants in the process. One employee is assigned various functions in which he is absolutely not an expert.

Among other factors that negatively affect the development of transport logistics in Russia, we can highlight:

Instability of the economic situation;
Slow pace of production development;
Unsatisfactory condition of transport routes;
Low level of production and technical base.

But there are also positive trends, thanks to which transport logistics in Russia will develop rapidly in the coming years. In this regard, two groups of prerequisites can be named:

Scientific and technical (training of specialists);
Technical (construction of new facilities for sales and supply systems).

Fundamentals of transport logistics, functions of transport logistics

Let's figure out what transport logistics consists of and what types of activities it includes:

Forecast and organization of cargo delivery;
Preparation of related documents;
Legal support of transportation;
Payment for transportation services;
Loading and unloading;
Packaging and warehousing;
Process optimization;
Information support;
Additional services (customs services, insurance).

Types of transport logistics

Transport logistics is divided into internal (moving cargo within a company and between its branches) and external (for example, delivering a product from a manufacturer to a consumer).

Types of transport transportation are divided into:

Unimodal (one-species). Carried out by one transport;
Multimodal (multi-species). Transportation is carried out using several types of transport, with one responsible organizer. Officially, one vehicle acts as a carrier, the rest have the status of clients;
Intermodal. Delivery of goods by several modes of transport, when one operator organizes the entire process of movement from the first point, through intermediate points, and to the recipient. Responsibility is divided between all carriers who are equal in their status, uniform tariffs are determined;
Mixed. Two types of transport are used, when the first carries out delivery to the place of loading to the second (without intermediate points and warehousing). For example: rail and road delivery;
Combined. Unlike mixed ones, more than two types of vehicles are used in the chain.

Two approaches to organizing the transport process

The transport logistics process is organized according to one of two principles:

Logistic;
Traditional.

In the traditional approach, there is no multimodal transportation operator who manages the entire process of moving cargo. Participants interact sequentially. Information and financial flows in a traditional flow are transferred exclusively between adjacent links in the chain. It is not surprising that uniform tariffs are not established in such a chain.

In the logistics approach, everything is managed by a single transportation operator, due to which the communication scheme is transformed into a sequential-central one. In this case, general transportation tariffs appear.

Tasks of transport logistics

The essence of transport logistics is the organization of timely transportation of cargo with minimal costs. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to complete a number of tasks:

Conduct an analysis of delivery points;
Analyze the properties of the cargo;
Choose suitable transport;
Select a carrier and, if necessary, other logistics partners;
Build a route;
Monitor cargo during transportation;
Ensure technological unity of the transport and warehouse process;
Optimize parameters (increase transportation speed, reduce the amount of fuel consumed).

End point analysis

At the first stage, the transport logistics manager plans an approximate route, taking into account the geography of the area and the type of cargo. Sometimes, even when solving this problem, it becomes clear that several modes of transport will have to be used or intermediate points need to be worked out.

Analysis of cargo properties

The characteristics of the cargo largely influence the further choice of transport and the development of the route. For example, how bulky, heavy or fragile a product is will greatly influence the choice of vehicle. It is recommended to transport toxic and chemically hazardous substances away from settlements. Only after determining the properties of the cargo should you begin to select transport.

Choice of transport

Cargo transportation is impossible without transport. In many ways, logistics costs depend on the type of transportation chosen.

The most important criteria for transport logistics are the speed of delivery, its cost and time. In addition, the vehicle is selected based on:

The nature and value of the cargo;
Number of shipments and frequency of shipments;
Distances and location features of the destination.

Transport varies according to destination:

Public transport (public);
Special use (owned by organization);
Personal transport.

By energy use:

On engine power (electric vehicles, cars with thermal or hybrid engines);
On the strength of the wind (for example, sailing ships);
On muscular power (moved by an animal or a person).

The most important classification for us is based on the environment of movement.

Ground transport. Cars

Pros:

Low tariffs;
Mobility;
Availability;
Speed;
Possibility of sending small batches;
High frequency of shipments;
Large selection of carriers;
There are no strict packaging requirements.

Minuses:

Very low lifting capacity;
Dependence on meteorological and road conditions;
High cost of delivery over distances of over 300 km;
Expensive service;
Quick unloading required;
Low level of reliability (risk of theft).

Ground transport. Railway

Pros:

High load capacity;
High regularity of transportation;
Does not depend on weather and season;
Fast delivery over long distances;
Low cost.

Minuses:

Low mobility;
Carrier monopoly.

Ground transport. Pipeline

The pipeline is used to move liquid and gaseous substances through special structures. Here the load is usually liquids or gases, but it is also possible to move solid objects such as capsules.

Pros:

Low cost;
Does not require a large number of personnel;
Reliability of cargo safety.

Minuses:

A narrow list of transported goods;
Transporting small volumes is not possible.

Water transport. Marine vessels

Acts as the main carrier on intercontinental routes.

Pros:

Low cost;
Reliability of cargo safety.

Minuses:

Low speed;
Limited geography of transportation;
Rare shipments;
Strict requirements for fastening and packaging.

Water transport. River boats

Especially often used in areas where there are no airports and railways.

Pros:

Very high load capacity;
High carrying capacity.

Minuses:

Limited geography of transportation;
Depends on the weather and time of year;
Low delivery speed.

Air Transport

The main vessels used are airplanes and helicopters.

Pros:

Reliability of cargo safety;
High speed;
High mobility;
Large load capacity;
The shortest routes.

Minuses:

The highest tariffs;
Dependency on weather;
Limited number of airports.

Other, less popular types of transport include space or underwater, as well as funiculars and elevators.

What are tariffs

Costs in transport logistics consist of the cost of transporting cargo, which is formed from the tariff (or freight rate) - that is, from the price for transportation set by the carrier for a certain period of time. Freight- an alternative to tariff used in maritime transport. The tariff provides the carrier with reimbursement of operating costs and generates its profit. Their tariff rates it can be divided into groups:

By consumers;
By type of cargo;
By vehicle class.

Each type of transport has its own special tariff systems. The following tariffs are used for road transport:

Piece work;
Rates per ton/hour;
By time of use of transport;
By kilometers of route;
For departure;
Negotiable tariffs.

On railways:

General tariffs;
Exceptional rates;
Local rates.

By sea transport:

On regular lines - at the established tariff;
On irregular lines - at freight rates.

On river transport rates are set by the shipping company.

Having agreed on the terms with the customer, analyzed the geography of destination points and chosen the type of transport, the logistician begins to build possible routes. Using the full cost analysis method, several options are calculated in detail. This takes into account not only the cost of transportation, but also possible risks, costs, delays and chances of cargo damage. The final preference is given to the route with the lowest cost.

Often, after the final plan has been adopted, climatic, political and other conditions make adjustments to the route.

Cargo control during transportation

To avoid force majeure and make timely adjustments to the route, modern logistics companies use all possible navigation devices. It is also very important to keep the customer informed where and at what stage of delivery his goods are. Modern transport logistics is impossible without high-quality cellular communications and the Internet.

How to choose a transport company

A logistics company does not always carry out transportation using its own transport. Very often, for these purposes, logisticians turn to third-party organizations: carriers or forwarders.

Carriers only carry out physical transportation of cargo. Freight forwarders provide a number of additional services on paperwork, loading and unloading, storage, control and cargo insurance.

It is very important to choose a reliable transport company. What should you pay attention to?

Experience. Long story The company talks about well-functioning delivery mechanisms and the ability to solve various emerging problems. A significant indicator of sustainability is the age of the company over five years;
Technologies. The more experience a company has, the better developed its technologies for interacting with customers, which greatly simplifies cooperation;
Staff. Professional employees are the key to the success of any company. The qualifications of the employees should not give you any doubt;
Specialization. A young small company may turn out to be only an intermediary, adding its own markup to the cost of transportation, but a large company that confidently delivers groupage cargo is already worthy of paying attention to;
Features of transporting your products. Choose a carrier who is already familiar with the type of your cargo. Almost every industry has its own nuances.

The technological unity of the process is understood as the correspondence of all parameters of vehicles and warehouses. The technology for working with each type of cargo - from package to container - must be clearly defined and worked out. Do you need a spacious warehouse, special systems loading, packaging machines, etc. - all this needs to be planned and brought to a holistic model.

Coordination of the commercial interests of the parties and the establishment of uniform planning algorithms can also be attributed to this task.

Optimization and management of transport logistics

We have already discussed the main goals of transport logistics above, but let's repeat it again. Transport logistics strives to deliver the required cargo to Right place, V right time, V required quantity, the required quality, at the same time with minimal costs.

Time and money are spent on transporting goods, which means transport logistics must be configured to obtain profitable financially. Greatest profit can be achieved if:

Reduce inventories in warehouses and in transit (they “bind up capital”);
Minimize the costs of commodity and material resources;
Increase the range and volume of cargo transportation. Delivering one shipment 300 km will cost less than transporting three shipments 100 km. A larger volume of cargo reduces the cost of transporting a unit; also, larger volumes will require other means of transport - rail or water - and their operation is cheaper than road or air;
Timely prevent damage and loss of cargo.

Automation of transport logistics

To quickly and conveniently solve transport logistics problems, special logistics programs are used (Transport Management System, TMS - transport logistics management system).

Such a system calculates routes taking into account the transport network model, transport access to certain urban areas, and the volume and weight of products. The solution allows you to get a clear comparison of planned and actual routes on electronic map. As a result, it is possible to establish route deviations from the plan, eliminate inappropriate use of transport, unnecessary downtime, and also solve a number of other analytical problems.

Documentation in transport logistics

Transportation rules in the Russian Federation are regulated by: The Charter of the Russian Railways, Inland Waterways, road transport, Merchant Shipping Code.

An agreement must be concluded between the carrier and the sender, according to which the first undertakes to deliver the cargo to the specified point within the established time frame, and the second - to pay for transportation at the established tariff.

To transport goods you must have the following documents:

Power of attorney for transportation;
Waybills;
Summary statements;
Invoice from the supplier;

Document flow varies depending on the transport used.

Automobile transport:

Standard contract;
Consignment note;
Waybill - issued to the driver at the beginning of the trip, and usually returned at the end of the day.

Railway transport:

Invoice;
Travel manifest (issued for each departure, the counterfoil remains at the departure station, the rest follows to the destination station);
Carriage sheet (for each car).

Bill of lading (for linear shipping) or charter agreement (for non-linear, international shipping);
Loading order;
Invoice.

Conclusion

Now you know what transport logistics is, what functions and tasks it performs and how to choose a transport company for your business.

Good luck to you and your business!

It is difficult to imagine modern business without logistics. There are independent logistics companies and their own departments in large corporations. What do logisticians do? These are qualified employees who professionally organize the delivery of products and their further storage. Their responsibilities include drawing up the most profitable transportation schemes, negotiations, concluding contracts with partners and suppliers, comprehensive analysis of their market and much more. We invite the reader to get to know this serious, promising and interesting profession in more detail.

About the profession

What do logisticians do? Specialists organize and coordinate the transportation of goods from the supplier to the recipient, from the manufacturer to warehouses or sales points, from the addressee to the addressee. The main goal of the employee’s work is to create several optimal delivery schemes. Of these, the one that allows the products to be sent to the recipient as quickly as possible, but with minimal costs, is selected.

The main place of work for logisticians is transport companies engaged in cargo transportation. Specialists also work in the relevant supply departments of a wide variety of corporations - from metallurgical plants to agricultural firms (in any organizations interested in the fast and safe delivery of goods to their partners and clients).

History of the profession

At least in modern world The logistics profession still seems to many to be a newfangled phenomenon; its history literally goes back centuries. The word “logistics” itself is ancient Greek. Translated as “reflection”, “calculation”.

The profession appeared in Ancient Greece, was relevant in the Byzantine Empire. Then logisticians were involved in organizing army supplies and transporting weapons. Subsequently, the activities became more “civilian”. To some extent, logisticians were merchants and trade associations distributing overseas goods.

The logistician must know...

Job Descriptions imply that freight logisticians are required to know the following:

Regulatory legal acts regulating international transportation and commercial activities.
Fundamentals of creating logistics systems, building logistics connections.
Information Systems in logistics, their functions.
Fundamentals of marketing, management, production organization, modern business schemes and technologies in logistics, financial management.
Fundamentals of transport and customs legislation - Russian Federation, international.
Organization of transportation of products on all types of transport.
Methodology for developing business plans, contracts, agreements with clients.
Requirements for the preparation of official documentation - sales, transport, supply, warehouse, financial, etc.

Goals, objectives, main work

What do logisticians do? The purpose of their activity is to organize and ensure the uninterrupted functioning of logistics processes in the company. From here we can highlight the main areas of activity: planning, organization, management, control over execution and analysis of the logistics activities of the organization.

The main tasks of the logistics manager are as follows:

Organization of uninterrupted and productive logistics activities of the employing company.
Assessment and analysis of costs for transporting products.
Analysis and evaluation of the performance of logistics operations performed.
Assessment and analysis of the cost of working time devoted to logistics activities.
Development of effective proposals to improve the organization of transportation.
Work within the approved cost estimates and allocated budget.
Development, implementation and improvement of work schemes that improve the productivity of the logistics department.

Job responsibilities of a specialist

Getting to know the functional responsibilities of a logistician will help us finally understand what representatives of this profession do. This is the following set of operating functions:

Drawing up logistics plans and forecasts.
Coordination of work on the creation of logistics systems and their implementation in the labor process.
Development of a budget for transportation, monitoring compliance with its items.
Management of technical and material supplies, procurement control.
Analysis of the terms of contracts with partners for the fact of their benefits and reliability.
Preparation and timely placement of orders.
Direct conclusion of contracts with partners, subsequent analysis of concluded transactions.
Getting to know production processes, product release for further successful supply planning.
Planning the volume of raw material reserves for the continuous production of the company's products.
Calculation of costs for the formation and storage of inventories in warehouses, costs for the purchase of raw materials, rent storage facilities, their insurance, etc.
Inventory of raw materials, products in warehouses, control over inventory consumption.
Organization of warehouse activities: selection of necessary equipment, calculations of its optimal volume. Drawing up cost estimates for warehouse activities and monitoring their adherence.
Work to optimize the processes of moving products and raw materials within the employing company itself.
Determination of conditions for shipment of goods.
Coordination of work on acceptance, as well as on returned products (its placement, transportation for processing).
Complete management of cargo transportation: identifying a suitable carrier, concluding an agreement with him, transport and forwarding support, developing transportation plans, organizing them technological process. The logistician is also responsible for document management. Subsequently, he analyzes the costs, quality, and timeliness of delivery.
Organization of customs clearance. And the opposite obligation is customs clearance of products.
Logistics risk management: insurance of supplies (cargo, goods, raw materials, liability of parties, equipment, transport, etc.), organization of measures for the safety of goods during transportation, storage, movement by employees.
Management of subordinate logistics personnel.

Basic requirements for the applicant

So we figured out what logisticians do. The duties of specialists result in the requirements of employers for future employees:

Profile higher education.
Excellent PC skills, knowledge of office and accounting programs.
Orientation in transport legislation.
Experience working with official documentation.
Work experience in a specialty related to logistics.

Additional requirements for the applicant

Those wishing to work as a logistics dispatcher may be subject to additional requirements:

Russian citizenship.
Fluency foreign language(from English to Chinese - it all depends on the foreign, international partners with whom the employer cooperates/intends to cooperate).
Experience in the field of foreign economic activity: knowledge of the regulatory framework for international transportation, experience in cooperation with the customs system, international carriers - from sea to air.
Knowledge of the basics of warehouse accounting, control systems for products stored in the warehouse.
Age of the applicant for the position. As a rule, preference is given to applicants 25-35 years old.

Training of specialists

Is it enough to take a logistics course? It is worth understanding that this is only superficial preparation. The applicant must have a good “base” - higher economic and technical education. However, this is only enough for the lower rungs of the career ladder to become an assistant logistics manager.

What is most valued in this area is practical experience, established business connections, and recommendations. A transport logistician must constantly “cook” in the world of transportation, because conditions, partners, legislative permits and prohibitions change very quickly here. Accordingly, a specialist cannot do without constant self-training. As a rule, it takes at least two years of work experience to become a sought-after logistician.

Salary

The logistics profession is promising and relatively new on the labor market. How is it going with wages? As in many other areas, the amount of remuneration here depends on three factors: region, size of the employer and professional characteristics the employee himself.

Offers from employers range from 30-100 thousand rubles. It follows that the average salary of a specialist is 40-50 thousand rubles.

This concludes our acquaintance with a responsible but promising specialty. Logistician is an employment already recognized in the labor market, requiring practical experience and constant self-education.

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. This term is widely used in the fields of business, military art, ecology and everyday life.

But to put it simply, logistics is the science of cost minimization human and material resources by optimizing all processes.

In practice, logistics is most often used to build transportation routes, plan the location of warehouses, and use resources wisely. Since other areas of application are highly specialized, the article will discuss in detail transport, warehouse and resource logistics.

What is it in simple words

Before considering specific examples, it is worth familiarizing yourself with two “rules” that will help you understand what logistics is in general:

Transport logistics

Transport logistics - this system, through which carriers deliver goods. It consists of several stages:

Route planning;
Selection of vehicles;
Selection of working personnel;
Financial calculations and organization of transportation.

To understand the meaning of the process, let's consider the organization of transportation in practice.

Transportation process

Let's assume that the Good Carrier company received an order to transport 3 tons of crushed stone over a distance of 70 kilometers from the plant to the construction site. The head of the company notifies the logistician, and he gets to work.

Selection of vehicle

First of all, the logistician evaluates the weight, volume and texture of the goods being transported. IN in this case crushed stone:

Weight: 3 tons. In the world of transportation, this is not much.
Volume: 3 tons of crushed stone – this is approximately 2 cubic meters, medium truck body.
Texture: crushed stone is free-flowing and relatively easily takes the shape of the vessel into which it is poured. At the same time, he tends to wake up.

Accordingly, the logistician decides that it is appropriate to use a truck (rather than a tank or train) with an open body (bulk material is inconvenient to load and unload from a closed one), which should be covered with a thick awning.

At this stage, the logistician also matches the ideal vehicle for transportation with the company's fleet. In the case of crushed stone, a regular KAMAZ would be suitable, but if an order was received to transport forty thousand tons of methanol, the company would have to rent tanks with special markings or refuse to work.

Route planning

Let’s assume that two roads lead from the plant to the construction site: a bumpy one with a length of 60 kilometers and a smooth one with a length of 70. On the one hand, if you choose the bumpy one, fuel costs will be reduced, on the other hand, if it is very bumpy, then the crushed stone may crumble even at the end weighing will be underweight.

In this case, the logistician has provided a thick awning that will protect the cargo from spilling, so he chooses a shorter route.

Selection of working personnel

In this case, you will need: a crew to load crushed stone at the plant, a driver and a forwarder. A freight forwarder is a person who carries documents and ensures that the cargo remains safe along the way. Since the cargo is not particularly valuable, the logistician will most likely act as a forwarder himself. However, if they were transporting, say, gold, then several forwarders from different independent organizations and a security team would be hired.

Financial calculations and transportation organization

It all depends on the control of the authorities and the integrity of the organizer of the logistics process. Let's assume that this particular logistician is dishonest. He picks up a shovel himself, encourages the driver and a couple of friends, and loads the crushed stone on his own. At the same time, he includes the work of the team into expenses, keeping the money for himself. Again, the steps may vary depending on the amount of cargo being transported.

It is worth noting that what larger company, the stronger the division of labor. That is, in a large financial company, or when concluding large transactions, the logistician will be exclusively involved in selecting transport and drawing up routes.

Interesting fact: despite the significant development of air transport, more than 40 percent of all goods transported are still transported by water. It's just much cheaper.

Warehouse Logistics

Usually people do not delve into the term, thinking that this concept only applies to transport. Actually this is not true. For example, a person who works with warehouse logistics is simply called a merchandiser. The responsibilities of a merchandiser include:

Monitor the availability of goods in the warehouse. If necessary, report shortages or excesses.
Ensure that the products in the warehouse are in marketable condition, do not deteriorate, and do not cake.
Organize deliveries and shipments of products, monitor the correct execution of the process.
Conduct accounting in a timely manner.

The work of a warehouse logistician using a practical example

A simple situation: there are 300 kg of apples, 300 kg of pears, and 300 kg of tomatoes in a warehouse.

The situation described is simplified and serves only as a model.

A directive comes from above:

Ship apples as usual, 50 kg per day;
Ship pears in intensive mode, 100 kg per day;
Check the safety of the tomatoes and, if they are expired, get rid of them.

First of all, the logistician checks the potentially damaged goods. He discovers that 100 kg of tomatoes are hopelessly rotten, and the remaining 200 will last a maximum of a week.

Afterwards, he ships the pears and apples, makes the appropriate notes and draws up reports with the following content:

There are 250 kg of apples left, enough for 5 days.
There are 200 kg of pears left, enough for 3 days, delivery is required.
100 kg of tomatoes have rotted, another 200 kg need to be sold immediately.

It looks simple, but if there are at least 15 products, then there is really enough work for the whole day

Interesting fact: according to independent experts, merchandising is one of the professions in which computers will definitely not replace people in the next 20 years.

Resource logistics

A resource logistician is usually found at large industries. His responsibilities include:

Make plans for the consumption of materials and production of goods;
Coordination of warehouse operations;
Distribution of human resources.

If we turn to the language of the gaming world, then a resource logistician is a warehouse logistician, but one level higher. His working day looks something like this:

Workflow of a resource logistician

Unlike his colleagues who have not advanced so far up the career ladder, the resource officer receives more general tasks, for example:

The situation described is simplified and serves only as a model.

By the end of the year, increase production metal pipes by 5 percent;
By the end of the year, reduce the number of general workers by 5 percent.

Having received such instructions, he begins to draw up a plan, namely:

Determines the quantity and type of materials needed to increase production.
Sends a request to the warehouse about the availability of materials;
Estimates in which areas the number of workers can be reduced;
Draws up an initial report and sends it to the top.

This job, like others in the logistics industry, requires good math skills, analytical thinking and quick decision making.

Interesting: according to independent research, resource logistics is one of the ten most stressful professions.

Summing up

Let's finish the article by summing up the facts in simple words:

Logistics studies the optimal allocation of resources. When using this term in everyday life, people most often mean its transport variety (as in the good old game “Truckers”).
The most common types after transport are warehouse, resource and military.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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