What is warm plaster and how is it applied. Warm plaster for interior work: reviews Do-it-yourself warm plaster for interior work

And why. Nuances of preparing and using the solution

Despite the emergence of a sufficient number of gypsum analogues, cement plaster mixture remains one of the most popular materials for interior and exterior decoration. With many advantages, cement-sand plaster has high thermal conductivity, based on the minimum number of air pores in the hardened mass. A variety called warm plaster has lower thermal conductivity and is resistant to cracking, so it is considered the best option for those who want to both level the walls and insulate them. Users of the FORUMHOUSE portal actively use plasters with reduced thermal conductivity and share their experience with everyone.

• What kind of plaster is called warm
• Preparation of the solution
• Application of warm plaster

What kind of plaster is called warm

A typical plaster mixture - cement binder and sand, gives a coating with a density of about 1800 kg/mᶟ and a thermal conductivity of about 1.2 W/(m*C). Warm plaster (WP) consists of a cement binder and filler, which forms air pores in the monolith, reducing density and thermal conductivity. If cement is usually used as a binder, then there is a wide choice of fillers:

• Perlite is obsidian hydroxide, formed when lava hardened on the ground comes into contact with water. The nuclei resulting from hydration resemble rounded pearls - pearls, for which the breed got its name. It is characterized by high porosity (up to 40%) and the ability to absorb liquid in quantities exceeding its own weight (up to 400%). To prepare plaster, expanded perlite (perlite sand) is usually used - small granules of a white or light gray hue.

• Vermiculite is one of the minerals of the hydromica group, which is small layered flakes of brown-golden color. Like perlite, when heated it can swell, filling with air. In this form it is used in various industries, including construction, for the preparation of lightweight concrete and warm plaster mixtures.

• Expanded clay chips are produced from special varieties of low-melting clays by firing in melting furnaces rotating at a certain angle. This is a fine fraction with a granule size of up to 5 mm, sometimes called expanded clay sand. It is characterized by lightness, airiness, minimal thermal conductivity and the round shape of the granules.

• Sawdust is a waste product from the wood industry; small fractions are used for plasters, providing porosity to the composition, but not disturbing its structure and maintaining the homogeneity of the mass.

• EPS - expanded polystyrene granules are used not only for the manufacture of slab or bulk insulation, but also as a binder in ready-made or home-made plaster mixtures. If perlite and vermiculite are natural substances, EPS is the result of the chemical industry and is inferior to its natural “colleagues” in durability, biological and fire resistance. However, it copes with its assigned functions quite well - it makes the plaster porous and reduces its thermal conductivity.

In addition to the binder, filler and liquid, various modifiers are added to the plaster - to increase the elasticity of the mixture, to increase the service life, to prevent the formation of cracks during drying. Manufacturers of dry mixes add various branded water repellents and plasticizers. When preparing homemade plaster, microfiber, ready-made modifiers sold in construction stores, various detergents (liquid soap, dishwashing liquid) or PVA glue are introduced.

The coating obtained as a result of applying a warm plaster composition is not inferior to traditional cement-sand analogs in terms of adhesion to the base (adheses well to the wall) and strength.

Any finishing decorative coating can be applied to it. This article will help you choose the right one. At the same time, it has low thermal conductivity - on average, 0.13 - 0.9 W/(m*C), and a density from 200 to 800 kg/mᶟ (depending on the filler). When using warm plaster, the load on the base is significantly reduced, and it is easier to work with the solution - per 1 m² of wall you will need to “master” less weight of the material at all stages.

What filler is usually added to homemade warm plaster?

Private developers use both the most affordable TS - based on sawdust, as well as perlite or with PPS granules. Vermiculite compositions are rare due to the high cost of the filler - it is several times more expensive than perlite. And not every craftsman who has chosen a warm variety as plaster can make friends with ready-made mixtures from well-known brands. This is explained, again, by cost - buying a ready-made dry mixture will raise the price per square meter by two to three times. If you buy components separately, these indicators are reduced to a level accessible to almost everyone interested. Calculations from our users confirm the theory.

Sektor FORUMHOUSE Member

The price of factory-made warm plaster is astronomical, compared to a homemade mixture. There are approximately 25 bags per 1 mᶟ, weighing 23 kg each (for example, take BIRSST T-2). It turns out that a cube, or 575 kg, will cost 15,825 rubles. Material consumption: 7 - 8 kg of dry mixture per 1 m² - with a solution layer thickness of 10 mm, with a thickness of 4 cm, we get approximately 19 m², or 833 rubles per square.

How much a square of homemade mixture will cost is also calculated based on my own experience.

Yura52 Member of FORUMHOUSE

For 5 m² of 1.5 cm thick plaster it takes a bag of cement, three bags of perlite and a plasticizer, if C3, then inexpensive. Total, approximately 500 rubles - 100 rubles per square. When the layer is increased to 3-4 cm, it still turns out much cheaper than the factory one.

In many ways, the choice between a purchased compound and a home-made one depends on the expected volume of work - a room of several dozen square meters can be plastered with a factory-made mixture, the difference is noticeable, but not fundamental. When we are talking about hundreds of square meters or tens of cubic meters, the savings cover both the time spent on experiments with proportions and any other costs.

Preparation of the solution

Typical cement to perlite ratios range from 1/3 to 1/7.

Such a wide range is explained by the versatility of the mixture - it is used for interior and exterior finishing of a wide variety of substrates. The ability for adhesion and other physical and technical characteristics of surfaces differ, and parameters such as humidity and temperature are different in each specific case. The skill of the performer also plays a role: if a pro is able to work out almost any batch, then a beginner, faced with a complex consistency, will most likely “screw up” the solution.

In addition to perlite, sand, lime, and microfiber can be added to the mix to increase the strength of the resulting surface and reduce the likelihood of cracking. When using a ready-made plasticizer, the proportions are maintained according to the instructions; if PVA is used, for each liter of mixing liquid - 50 ml of glue. To prevent the solution from flowing over the surface, its consistency should resemble thick sour cream. Achieving ideal proportions only based on standard recipes is almost impossible. Adhering to the basic recommendations, you will have to try different “variations on a theme” until you find the most suitable one for a particular situation.

Motorist believes that to obtain warm plaster it is enough to simply replace the proportion of sand, in whole or in part, with perlite. Using the example of his friend, he was convinced of the effectiveness of a solution consisting of part cement, two parts sand and two perlite; the friend did not use foaming agents; the plaster lay down normally and holds up perfectly. The only difference between a regular and warm solution is that the latter needs to be mixed dryer; after a few minutes, the filler will release the absorbed moisture and the consistency will be “what the doctor ordered.”

Village and people Member of FORUMHOUSE

I did the plastering 2 years ago, we don’t live in the house yet, nothing is cracked, there is no heating in winter. The ratio of perlite M-75 and cement M 500 by volume was 7:1, plus fiberglass (about 10-12), plus the foaming agent Tsemaplast (lime substitute). Fiber fiber was thrown according to the volume according to the instructions, and cemaplast - in proportion to the cement.

Samurai Jack I chose warm plaster and decided to do it myself, experimentally selecting a composition suitable for my conditions. The ratio of cement and perlite ranges from 1/4 to 1/8 by volume, slaked lime is required at the rate of 0.5 parts by weight of cement. Also adding polypropylene fiber to the plaster, but only polypropylene, since glass fiber is destroyed in the alkaline environment of cement. Dishwashing detergents performed well as a foaming agent - approximately 0.1% of the weight of cement.

Sector in practice I received the following costs:

• Perlite – 60 liter bag;
• Cement – ​​19 kg;
• Water – 19 liters;
• Fiber - according to instructions.

Among the three perlite fractions sold, Sektor advises taking medium-sized granules (pictured in the center).

The solution is mixed in a concrete mixer or manually, but using a construction mixer, the dry components are mixed together, fiber and liquid additives are mixed into water. The resulting liquid is added to the dry mixture and mixed until smooth. After hardening, a large number of air pores form in the solution.

Application of warm plaster

Working with a solution based on perlite is practically no different from the technology of plastering CPS - the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, if necessary, primed with deep penetration impregnations, and moistened before applying the solution. It is not recommended to try to sketch and completely level a layer more than 1.5-2 cm thick in one approach. It is better to divide the process into two stages, first sketching a rough layer, strengthening the beacons on it, and then sketching the finishing layer and leveling it along the beacons.

Many today are wondering what warm plaster is, for what purposes this material is suitable and how to work with it. Let's start with the fact that these products have not been on the domestic market of construction and finishing materials for long.

So, warm plaster is a mixture made on the basis of the simplest cement. But, unlike ordinary cement mortar, sand is not added to the composition. Instead of him other ingredients are used:

• Expanded clay chips;
• Perlite sand;
• Expanded polystyrene granules;
• Powder made from pumice, etc.

What types of warm plaster are there?

If you are interested in what warm plaster is, you should keep in mind that it can be different. There are many types, now we will talk about most popular of them.

• Among all the varieties of warm plaster, one can note the composition, which contains expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite is a mineral lightweight aggregate that is obtained through heat treatment to which vermiculite rock is subjected. If you need warm plaster for exterior work, it’s time to pay attention to just such products. And if you don’t want to look for other worthy options, other uses of the material are also possible. For example, this warm plaster is also suitable for interior work. Quite a decent, universal building material. Among the advantages of vermiculite are excellent antiseptic properties.
• If we consider popular types of warm plaster, we cannot ignore the “sawdust mixture”. This substance contains sawdust, as well as particles of clay, cement, and even paper. That is why it is not recommended to use warm sawdust plaster for exterior work. On the contrary, the mixture is most often purchased specifically as a warm plaster for interior work - any specialist will confirm this.

Sawdust plaster is an ideal product for covering brick (concrete) and wooden surfaces. It is recommended that the room be regularly ventilated while the sawdust plaster is drying. It takes approximately two weeks for the composition to dry. If the doors and windows are closed in the room, mold and mildew may appear on the surface - be sure to take this into account.

• People who want to buy warm plaster always pay attention to a type of material that contains expanded polystyrene foam granules. This plaster contains not only polystyrene foam - here you will also find cement, various fillers and additives, and lime. You need warm plaster for the facade - this option is well suited, however, it is also often used for indoor work.

Since it is the last version of plaster (with polystyrene foam granules in the composition) that is the most common (which cannot be said about other types), we will consider it in detail within the framework of this material. All comparisons with other materials will also be made specifically for this type.

Warm plaster and its areas of application

Let's look at the industries where this material is used today. Anyway, manufacturers recommend following:

• Finishing of facades and their thermal insulation;
• Soundproofing of internal and external walls on existing buildings, as well as additional insulation;
• Insulation of walls if well masonry is used;
• Insulation of slopes of door and window blocks in those places where they are adjacent to the walls;
• Insulation of cold and hot water supply risers, sewer risers;
• For interior finishing work (as a sound insulator and insulation);
• Warm plaster is recommended to be used for insulating ceilings and floors.

External finishing of the facade with warm plaster

Let's talk in more detail about How effective is the material? when performing external finishing of house facades.

1. Warm plaster for the facade will be heavier than all other possible types - up to ten times or more. Consequently, such a wall most likely requires a more solid foundation;
2. If it is assumed that the facade insulation structure will have a plaster layer over the insulation, the thickness of the insulation usually varies from 50 to 100 mm (depending on the thickness of the load-bearing wall, the desired temperature inside and the climate zone). If you pay attention to what the thermal conductivity coefficient is, then everything is clear - in order to achieve similar indicators, the layer of warm plaster should be one and a half to two times thicker.

In other words, a layer of warm plaster will have to be made 100-200 mm thick, but the maximum allowed application is only 50 mm - otherwise there will be dumps. Therefore, warm plaster for the facade should be applied on both sides of the wall at once.

Now, based on all of the above, let's consider everything advantages and disadvantages of the material:

pros

• It is applied very quickly (even one plasterer can apply 110-170 sq.m. in a day);
• Can be applied without using reinforcing mesh (in places where there are no cracks or corners);
• There is no need to level the walls if you are going to apply warm plaster;
• The material has excellent stickiness (adhesion) to all other wall materials;
• When installing this insulation, there are no metal connections, so you don’t have to worry about cold bridges;
• Rodents will never settle in a wall that is insulated with warm plaster;

For more information about the advantages of warm plaster (including for insulating facades), watch the video material. Perhaps you will get answers to all your questions after watching.

Disadvantages of warm plaster

• The composition is not a finishing coating - not only a primer, but also a decorative layer of plaster should be applied to the surface of warm plaster;
• The required layer of insulation is thicker than when insulating with polystyrene foam or cotton wool (approximately one and a half to two times).

Based on all of the above, let’s talk about where it’s really worth using “warm” plaster.

• When sealing various joints, cracks in the walls, floors of the house;
• As additional insulation, but this is for internal work - that is, you will need warm internal plaster (in a situation where work cannot be done from the outside - when, for example, there is already an expensive cladding that will definitely deteriorate during disassembly);
• Warm plaster is often used to insulate the base;
• When finishing window slopes, the material is also often used.

Applying warm plaster - technology

Before work, the wall surface is prepared in the same way as before applying simple cement-based plaster. That is, all dust is removed, as well as the remains of other solutions. If necessary, the surface is treated with special deep-penetrating impregnations, or simply strengthened with a plaster mesh.

It is important that the surface of the wall, which will be insulated with warm plaster, is thoroughly moistened with water before starting all work.

1. When the composition is prepared for use, the entire package is poured into a container (its volume must be at least 50 liters);
2. Next, add water in the amount indicated on the packaging of warm plaster;
3. Everything is thoroughly mixed using a mixer;
4. The resulting mixture must be used within 120 minutes from the moment of preparation.

How to check whether the required consistency has been obtained or not? It's simple here:

• Scoop up the solution using a trowel and turn it over;
• If the mortar holds well on the trowel and does not fall off, it means that the plaster is completely ready for use;
• Ready-made plaster can be applied either by machine or by hand.

To avoid any difficulties when applying warm plaster, pay attention to the video: applying warm plaster. The lesson will be useful for both specialists and novice renovators.

What they look like subsequent work:

• The plaster mixture is applied using ordinary plastering tools (trowel, spatula, float, etc.) in several layers;
• The thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm;
• Each subsequent layer should be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one was applied;
• If there is a high level of humidity outside and the air temperature is low (especially in the autumn season), the drying time of the layer increases;
• It is customary to apply the solution only to the surface that has been leveled and primed;
• Apply warm plaster with a wide spatula, this is done strictly from the bottom up;
• It is impossible to apply a thick layer of plaster at a time - this may simply cause the mortar to slip;
• Inspection and acceptance of plastering work is usually carried out approximately three to four weeks after all work has been completed.

Common mistakes when applying warm plaster

It is not difficult to guess that during such work certain mistakes are often made - especially when the work is performed by novice specialists or simply amateurs. Consider this moment in more detail:

1. If peeling is observed, it means you made some mistake during work;
2. If the applied composition begins to crack;
3. If the geometry of the room changes due to the fact that the layer of warm plaster is too thick.

How to check the “geometric” quality of the plastering work that you have completed? This work requires a plumb line, as well as a two-meter rule, and a bubble level. Everything is checked simply: a two-meter rule is applied to the surface (as a rule, an aluminum strip is used as such a tool). If gaps are detected, it means that there are irregularities in the geometry.

It is important that deviations from the horizontal (or vertical) of the plastered surface are not more than 3 mm per meter.

About material consumption

What can we say about material consumption? Everybody is here quite understandable:

• For each square meter of surface it takes from 10 to 14 kg, if the desired layer thickness is 25 mm;
• If the desired layer thickness is 50 mm, then the consumption is 18-25 kg per square meter;
• 1 square meter of wall insulation with warm plaster will cost you $40 (the information will be useful for those who want to buy such plaster) - with a layer thickness of 25 mm;
• If you turn to specialists to do the work, you will have to pay up to $15 or more for each square meter.

• To insulate “airborne noise” using warm plaster (this could be noise from a TV, conversations, the sound of a car engine), the material must have a fibrous structure. In addition, it must be ventilated. The effective thickness here starts from 0.5 cm;
• To insulate “impact noise” - knocks, falling objects, sounds of footsteps, the material must have elasticity (like rubber).

Warm plaster does not meet either the first or the second requirement, so all data on excellent sound insulation performance is most likely slightly overestimated.

For some work, warm plaster (facade, interior decoration) is indeed often used and this is quite justified. But its use is not always advisable - in many cases you can limit yourself to completely different materials or insulation and get either the same or a more impressive result.

Be sure to take this into account when performing finishing or repairs - in order to protect yourself from unpleasant surprises in the future.

Warm plaster appeared on the sales market not so long ago. But for some jobs it will simply not be replaceable.

Today we will look at warm plasters, you will learn their use and instructions on the rules of application will be given. Also in the video in this article you can see the range of products offered and you will be able to make the right choice.

Types of warm plaster are divided according to the options for using the components.

By looking we can see the following:

• The basis of one of the types of warm plaster is expanded vermiculite, which is a mineral additive obtained as a result of special heat treatment of rock of volcanic origin. Vermiculite fillers have antiseptic properties and can be used both outdoors and indoors.
• The basis of the following type of heat-insulating plaster is paper, sawdust, clay and cement. This composition does not allow its use outside buildings, but is excellent for indoor use.

Attention: This type of plaster can be used to cover any type of surface, including wood. Much attention must be paid to drying the surface. During the 2 weeks when it dries, it is necessary to ensure active ventilation of the room, otherwise mold or, even worse, fungus may appear on its surface.

• The next type of warm plaster is made on the basis of foamed polystyrene foam granules. In addition to it, the composition of the plaster includes cement, lime and a number of other additives and fillers.

A mixture based on polystyrene foam granules is very popular, so this article will describe its main technical characteristics in more detail.

This type of plaster is used:

• For thermal insulation and decorative finishing of facades.
• For plastering window and door slopes.
• Additional insulation of walls when using well masonry.
• As an additional element of insulation and sound insulation.
• For finishing interior spaces, with additional sound and heat insulation effect.
• For insulation of engineering structures intended for supplying cold water and sewage systems.
• For carrying out work on insulation of floors and ceilings of buildings and structures.

To understand how effective warm plaster is, it is necessary to compare it with other insulating compounds and materials.

Thermal insulating plaster mixture

Such a good thermal conductivity coefficient of the plaster was achieved due to its rare composition. Warm plasters use materials with low thermal conductivity instead of sand.

The composition of warm plaster consists of:

• Polystyrene foam granules.
• Expanded vermiculite.
• Sawdust.
• Perlite (perlite sand).
• Expanded clay chips.
• Pumice crumbs or powder.

Warm plaster, which is based on polystyrene foam granules, is very popular. This is due to the fact that it is cheaper, but has good performance parameters, and can be used both inside and outside buildings.

In addition to polystyrene foam granules, it contains:

• Plasticizers.
• Lime.
• Supplements
• Cement.

Warm plaster, based on polystyrene foam granules, has the following technical characteristics:

• Specific gravity: 200-300kg per cubic meter.
• Heat transfer coefficient – ​​0.065 W/mS.
• Water absorption coefficient – ​​70%.
• Fire safety group - G1.

Attention: On sale you can also find warm plasters based on sawdust, paper, clay and cement. This type of plaster is called internal, since its use outside is not possible due to its high hygroscopicity.

In addition, such plaster requires a long time to dry, as well as good ventilation during this period, otherwise fungus may develop in it. In addition to these types, plasters based on vermiculite, processed using a special technology, are available for sale.

Advantages and disadvantages

Widespread heat-soundproofing plaster, which is based on sawdust or polystyrene foam granules, has a number of advantages:

• Simplicity and speed of application of the product to building surfaces.
• Full compatibility with all types of surfaces, including wood.
• The surface does not form cold bridges.
• The surface of warm plaster is not damaged by rodents.
• Environmentally friendly product. Teplover plaster video will tell you about this.
• It is based on components of natural origin.
• Retains its basic characteristics under any operating conditions.
• It is not a spreader of fungal diseases and mold.
• Does not contain harmful substances.
• Its price is higher than cement compositions and it is quite difficult to prepare it yourself, but its quality is beyond doubt.

Despite the large list of advantages, such plasters have their disadvantages:

• This type of plaster involves applying a layer of finishing putty or plaster on top of the plaster layer.
• The need to cover a much larger layer than when using traditional insulation systems.
• Quite a high cost, especially for those types of plasters that do not require a finishing layer.
• Impossibility of applying a layer thicker than 2.5 cm in one go.
• It has shown its effectiveness in plastering window and door slopes, in filling small defects such as sinks, cracks or delaminations of ordinary plaster, and also as an insulator for the internal surfaces of residential premises, where the thickness of the insulating layer plays an important role.

This is a modern building material that can become an alternative to traditional types of coatings. Based on its main characteristics, warm plaster is superior in many respects to many well-known and popular examples.

Method of applying warm plaster

Since the application instructions are almost standard, you can apply this type of plaster yourself without involving specialists.

The plastering technology consists of the following stages:

• All necessary materials and tools are prepared, such as spatulas of various sizes, a trowel, usually a construction mixer and level, utensils for mixing plaster, and metal beacons.
• The surface is prepared for plastering: dirt and dust are removed and, if necessary, trimmed.
• The walls are primed if specified in the instructions for use of this type of plaster.
• The plaster mixture is mixed. To do this, pour the entire contents of the bag into a container, add water and stir with a construction mixer. After this, the mixture should infuse for 5 minutes.
• Metal beacons are installed on the surface. They must be installed strictly vertically and in the same plane.
• The prepared warm plaster is applied to the wall using a trowel, and it is leveled using the rule, which should rest against the beacons. Excess solution is removed and reused. The plaster layer must have a thickness of no more than 2.5 cm. If more plaster is required, this should be done no less than after 4 hours.

Attention: When applying a layer thicker than 2.5 cm, the freshly applied plaster may slip or completely fall off the surface.

• If, after the beacons have been placed, it turns out that the layer of plaster can be more than 2.5 cm in places, then first apply a layer without leveling. This layer may be thinner than 2.5 cm and this is absolutely normal.
• Thermal insulating plaster based on expanded polystyrene foam granules is not intended for decorative treatment of walls, since it has low mechanical strength. Therefore, on top of this type of plaster it is imperative to apply a protective layer that has good mechanical strength. This property of this plaster must be taken into account when using this type of plaster.
• Considering the fact that it costs quite a bit, calculations should be carried out very accurately, especially for cold regions, where preference should be given to more serious insulation technologies, when a layer of warm plaster of 50 mm can hardly be dispensed with.

Attention: Another thing is a combined approach, when serious thermal insulation measures are carried out outside the building, then warm plaster can also be used from inside the building.

Do-it-yourself warm plaster is generally not applied. But look at the photo and you will see that it is completely indispensable for insulating windows and doors. Although the decision is up to you.

As soon as the composition of the usual one was slightly changed, a completely new material was born - warm plaster. Manufacturers attribute unique qualities to it and claim that the material can be used as an independent product. So what is this Is it true or just another clever marketing ploy? How to choose the right warm plaster for the facade and interior work, how to apply it, and in what cases can the material really be used as a full-fledged heat insulator?

No. 1. Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster was named thanks to its low thermal conductivity compared to conventional plaster compositions. Similar results were achieved by replacing conventional ones with special heat-insulating additives.

Warm plaster contains the following components::

Usually the material is supplied in the form of a dry mixture, and before application it is enough to dilute it with water. Craftsmen prepare warm plaster on their own, but the composition “works” in any case according to one principle: heat-insulating additives, together with air bubbles, create a powerful barrier to the cold. Tests show that a layer of warm plaster of 5 cm is equivalent in thermal insulation to a wall of two.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is about 0.063 W/m* 0 C. This indicator is somewhat worse than that of extruded polystyrene foam and even, which introduces some features into its use. In regions with cold winters, warm plaster cannot be used as independent thermal insulation - it is usually applied as an additional layer of insulation and plays a vital role in eliminating the “cold bridges” that arise when installing tile and roll insulation. In areas with mild winters, warm plaster can even be used as the only thermal insulation material, but much depends on the thickness and material of the walls. In the future, we will check all this in calculations.

No. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of warm plaster

Warm plaster has become widespread due to its significant benefits:

Now about shortcomings:

No. 3. Types of warm plaster fillers

The properties and scope of use of warm plaster are greatly influenced by the type of filler. The following materials can be used:

• sawdust. The composition of sawdust warm plaster, in addition to sawdust itself, also includes clay, paper and cement. The use of components that are so “delicate” and sensitive to negative environmental factors does not allow the composition to be used for façade insulation, but such warm plaster is excellent for interior work, especially since it can even be applied to a wooden base. Internal thermal insulation will improve efficiency;
• crushed perlite are obtained from obsidian, which, when treated at high temperatures, swells with the formation of a mass of air bubbles inside, which increases the thermal insulation properties of the material. The only negative is increased hygroscopicity, so this plaster needs reliable waterproofing;
• expanded vermiculite obtained from mica, the material can withstand a wide range of temperatures, has antiseptic properties, is lightweight, absolutely resistant to fire, can be used for exterior and interior decoration, but just like perlite, it is afraid of moisture, and therefore requires enhanced protection;
  
• balls from foam glass obtained from foamed quartz sand. This is the most preferred material for filling warm plaster, as it is not afraid of moisture, fire, has good thermal insulation qualities, can be used for facade and interior work, and does not shrink;
• In addition to vermiculite, perlite and foam glass, they are also used as mineral fillers expanded clay chips and pumice powder. These materials cannot boast of high moisture resistance and are inferior to their analogues in many other qualities, therefore they are used infrequently;
• expanded polystyrene used in warm plasters together with cement, lime and some other additives. These are relatively inexpensive compositions for universal use, but due to the flammability of polystyrene foam, they are not used so often. In addition, the surface of the plaster is too soft and therefore requires mandatory finishing.
  

No. 4. Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To determine whether warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation material, you will have to perform a simple calculation, taking into account the region where the house is located, the thickness and material of the walls:

• calculation begins with determining the value normalized heat transfer resistance of the external walls of the house. This is a tabular value, predetermined by regulatory documents (for Russia - SNiP 02/23/2003). For Moscow, according to the table, this value is 3.28 m 2 * 0 C/W, for Krasnodar – 2.44 m 2 * 0 C/W;
• define heat transfer resistance of house walls, for which we need to divide the wall thickness by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material. Let's do the calculation for two houses. One is located in Moscow and is built from, the wall thickness is 0.5 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.58 W/m 0 C, so the heat transfer resistance is 0.86 m 2 * 0 C/W. The second house is located in Krasnodar and is built from D600, wall thickness is 0.4 m, thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.22 W/m 0 C, heat transfer resistance is 1.82 m 2 * 0 C/W;
• calculation additional insulation. For a house in Moscow this is (3.28-0.86) = 2.42 W/m 0 C. For a house in Krasnodar (2.44-1.82) = 0.62 W/m 0 C;
• calculation layer of warm plaster, its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.063 W/m* 0 C (maybe a little more - depends on the composition and manufacturer). For a house in Moscow 0.063 * 2.42 = 0.15 m, for a house in Krasnodar 0.063 * 0.62 = 0.04 m. Since it is better not to apply warm plaster in a layer thicker than 5 cm, and it has a decent weight, then for a Moscow house it is better to look for another insulation option, and warm plaster can be used in addition. For a house in Krasnodar, warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation material.

A more accurate calculation can be made if we take into account the heat transfer resistance of all finishing wall materials, as well as take into account the number and size of windows and a host of other parameters. It’s easier to do this in special construction calculators, but you can understand whether warm plaster is worth considering as an independent insulation material from the above calculation.

Despite the manufacturer’s assurances and calculations proving the effectiveness of warm plaster, it is not very often used as the main insulation in residential buildings. It is usually used in dachas to eliminate cold bridges and to treat window and door openings. It is better to use insulation on the outside, but if this is not possible, it can also be applied inside so that it complements the external thermal insulation.

No. 5. Manufacturers of warm plaster

You can save money and make warm plaster with your own hands. The most versatile and inexpensive solution is obtained using perlite or vermiculite. It is necessary to mix 4 parts of vermiculite or perlite and 1 part of dry cement. The thoroughly mixed mixture is diluted with a solution of water and a plasticizer. The latter can be purchased at the store, or can be replaced with PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g of glue per 10 liters of plaster. The mixture is diluted with a water-adhesive composition and constantly stirred for homogeneity. The solution should have a thick consistency. After preparation, it is allowed to sit for 15-20 minutes, and you can begin applying the plaster.

No. 7. Applying warm plaster

The process of applying warm plaster is simple and can be easily done with your own hands:

• the required amount of solution is prepared;
• the wall is cleaned for better adhesion, but many builders simply moisten the surface with plain water;
• It is better to carry out plastering on beacons, although some neglect this rule. An aluminum profile is used as beacons, which is secured with putty; it is also possible to use prepared plaster. The evenness of the exposed beacons is checked by the building level;
  
• modern ready-made compositions of warm plasters make it possible to do without additional mesh reinforcement, but when applying a thick layer of insulation and at corners, the use of mesh is desirable;
• The process of applying warm plaster is not original and is identical. The solution is placed on the trowel with a spatula, after which it is applied to the wall by rubbing movements from bottom to top between the beacons. The surface is leveled by the rule;
  
• within 2 hours after application, the solution remains plastic, so flaws can be easily corrected. During this period, the beacons are removed and the cracks are rubbed with the same solution. If desired, the surface can be treated with a decorative spatula or structural roller to achieve an interesting effect. If a smooth surface is required, then after the plaster has dried, it is necessary to apply a thin leveling layer and smooth it with a plastic trowel;
  
• the thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm, otherwise the plaster will begin to fall off. If it is necessary to apply it in several layers, then after installing the first one you must wait at least 4 hours. The surface dries completely after 48 hours, then you can begin its final finishing. If you need to treat a large area of ​​the wall, then it is better to use a machine method of applying plaster.

Warm plaster today is used for exterior and interior applications, for insulating facades and ceilings, as well as for sealing cracks and cracks, and for treating window slopes. When properly prepared, applied and calculated, the composition fully meets expectations.

The high cost of utilities and energy can push apartment and country property owners to carry out additional work on wall insulation. One of the options for increasing the thermal properties of such bases is the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what kind of coating is there - read about all this in our article.

Thermal insulating plaster: types and features

In the formulations of warm plasters, some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced with materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the hardened mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is replaced with perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in bulk form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case, the finished composition is suitable for external and internal finishing, in the second - only for internal work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of dry mixes presented on the domestic market is perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which in appearance may resemble coarse sand or small gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density is around 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive to plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using thermal insulation solutions is the high hygroscopicity of hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of a building. The main thing is that they are not directly exposed to precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components ensures a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. There is an opportunity to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to prepare warm plaster with vermiculite.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You've probably heard about such a finishing material as Teplon plaster. This is a ready-to-mix dry mixture based on gypsum binder. A special feature of the composition is the addition of perlite, a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call their plaster warm. Teplon mixtures can be used for interior decoration. The coating turns out to be relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and heat insulation properties.

Types and technical characteristics

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. Moreover, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and actually have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (the thermal conductivity coefficient is not specified for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so we can talk about the advisability of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about “warm” compositions. And do not forget that you need to insulate the walls from the outside, not from the inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

To be fair, we note that the thermal conductivity coefficient of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W/(m×°C), and that of thermal insulation materials such as extruded polystyrene foam, ordinary polystyrene foam and mineral wool – 0.029÷0.032, 0.038÷0.047, 0.036÷0.055 W/( m×°C) respectively. And we remember that the lower this value, the better the heat-shielding properties are characteristic for the same thickness of the material. What does it mean? And the fact is that achieving the same thermal protection of walls when using warm Teplon plaster is more difficult than when installing a special thermal insulation material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions for work are standard: from +5 to +30 ° C at relative humidity up to 75%. Because All brands of Teplon plaster are produced using gypsum binder, then the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged or poorly adhering parts of the wall material. The working surface is primed with concrete active (for smooth concrete bases) or deep penetration soil (for cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to the standard scheme; only the appropriate brand of Teplon solution is used to attach the beacons.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, add a kilogram of powder for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, take less - 160-220 ml. Mix using a special mixer or a puncher with a stirrer. After this, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. The further fate of the plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanically (for the MN composition) in a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling covering is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the solution, the layer of plaster is trimmed along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: layer by layer, after the previous coating has hardened, treated with a primer and over a plaster mesh.
7. At the final stage, the surface can be glossed. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set mortar. The coating is moistened with clean water, rubbed with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed out with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some Umka plaster mixtures are also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, non-flammability and frost resistance.

Compare brands of heat-insulating plasters Umka

Comparison criterion	UMKA
	UB-21	UB-212	UF-2
a brief description of	For all types of stone bases for interior and exterior decoration	For walls made of gas silicate and hollow ceramic bricks. Thin-layer, for interior and facade work	Finishing layer for finishing any type of stone bases, inside or outside. Thermal insulation properties are an option. In general, plaster is decorative in nature.
Recommended layer thickness, mm	10-100	5-7	up to 20
Volume of water per 1 kg of mixture, l	0,53-0,58	0,58-0,64	0,45-0,47
Consumption of dry mixture, kg/m 2 /layer thickness, mm	3,5-4/10	2,5-2,9/5-7	1,1/2
Viability of solution, min	60	90	60
Thermal conductivity coefficient of hardened plaster, W/(m×°C)	0,065	0,1	0,13
Price/packaging	€15/9 kg		€18/12 kg

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because in essence it is a similar product.

Below is a short video about Umka plaster.

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Warm plaster Mishka is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for external and internal work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W/(m×°C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which gives rise to some thoughts on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the solution consumption is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 at a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for a ready-made mixture from a well-known manufacturer. You can read more about it.

Making warm perlite plaster with your own hands

You probably already noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite; mixtures with expanded polystyrene are also found. It is their low thermal conductivity coefficients that allow, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using such additives together with or instead of certain fillers, such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure of mixing a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, prices for ready-made mixtures do not inspire confidence. What if you prepare the solution yourself?! Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - approximately 1500-2000 rubles. per cubic meter If the amount of work is large and the budget for implementation is limited, then it’s time to get creative. We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part cement to 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the required consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement you will need approximately 1 cubic meter of perlite sand. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue can be used as a plasticizing additive in a volume of 4-5 liters. The glue is mixed in water, to which a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• the volumetric ratio of cement and perlite is 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, use 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite;
  — by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 portions of perlite. As an additive, you can use liquid soap or PVA in an amount of no more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement, PVA glue;
• the volume ratio of cement to perlite is in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, PVA - up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare the mixing solution (hereinafter referred to as RZ): dissolve the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in a measured volume of water in a volume of 0.5% of the expected volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of the subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on what density the plaster needs to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, for 12 liters of RZ add 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RP, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg per cube is obtained. For 20 liters you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Poliplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the mixture’s need for the volume of mixing water.

You must understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To achieve success, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components and test the resulting solutions in operation. And only after the mixture is ideal for your finishing conditions, you can mix large volumes. Pay special attention to the water absorption capacity of thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, can affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for insulating a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring the thermal characteristics of the building to the required values, then the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don’t be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster – it will cost less than buying ready-made mixtures!

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