Getting to know country house begin with entrance gate. Therefore this element personal plot must be beautiful and respectable. However, the main purpose of the gate is to provide convenient access for cars to the house and protect the territory from entry by strangers. How to combine these appointments? Let's consider what materials strong gates can be made from, and what types of structures are acceptable for a summer cottage. In addition, we will describe the sequence of creating the most popular entrance systems - swing and sliding.
Basic requirements for gates on a summer cottage
Gates for a summer residence are an integral element of arranging a suburban area. In most cases, gates are made of the same material as the fence. A number of requirements are put forward for the front part of the yard:
- possibility of unhindered entry/exit - optimal gate width - 2.2-2.4 m, height - 1.6-1.8 m;
- if trucks periodically enter the dacha plot, then the gates should be made wider - 3.2-4 m;
- Gate leaves must open effectively and have locking elements;
- compliance of the design with the general style of the site and the facade of the house.
Naturally, important requirements- strength and resistance of the manufacturing material to natural influences.
Selecting material for making gates
Typically, metal, wooden or combined gates are installed at the dacha.
For the manufacture of metal gates use sheet metal, corrugated sheets, forged elements, profile pipes, angles and fittings. Structures made from corrugated sheets have gained particular popularity among summer residents due to a number of advantages:
- affordable cost of building materials;
- quick construction of the structure - you can install the gate yourself;
- long period of operation;
- provided that the protective layer is intact, the corrugated sheet does not corrode;
- attractive appearance- the material is available in different colors, interesting option- corrugated sheeting with imitation wood or masonry.
The disadvantages of metal country gates include:
- insufficient strength if corrugated sheets or sheet metal of small thickness are used;
- under mechanical stress the gate may become deformed;
- Small scratches provoke corrosion.
Wooden gates are less common today than before - when similar designs were used almost everywhere. For the manufacture of gates and gates, budget materials (boards and beams) and elite lumber from expensive wood are used.
You can assemble a simple gate with your own hands, having dry wooden beams on hand and standard set tools. It is better to entrust the work of creating complex structures to cabinetmakers who have special equipment for wood processing in their arsenal.
TO combined gates These include those models in the production of which several materials were used simultaneously. In this case, the ratio of raw materials is taken in approximately the same proportions. Combined fencing is considered to be:
Country gate designs: features of manufacturing and operation
Depending on the type of structure, there are two main types of gates:
- swing;
- recoil.
Swing gates- classics of the genre. Their popularity is explained by the simplicity of the design - a pair of vertical supports are equipped with hinges for attaching the sashes. The disadvantage of gates is associated with the difficulties of operation in winter time- snow within the opening/closing radius of the doors will have to be cleared regularly.
Important! The gate frame must have a large margin of rigidity and strength, since during opening it is subject to serious loads that can knock down the structure
To create a gate frame, it is usually used steel pipe or profile, fixation individual elements- bolts or welding. Frame cladding - galvanized steel sheets, corrugated boards, boards treated with an antiseptic, or metal grill. It is not recommended to use heavy facing materials - this increases the load on the supports and hinges. When closed, the gate is locked using a powerful bolt or padlock. You can install a latch at the bottom to fix the gate in the selected position.
Post supports can become loose over time, causing the gate to jam. To avoid this, at the installation stage it is important to lay a deep foundation under the supports.
Country houses sliding gates There are two types: rail and console. Such structures were originally used in industrial facilities, and today they are often installed in local areas.
Positive features of sliding gates:
- Space saving. Recoil or sliding gates can be installed anywhere on the site. The gate leaves are moved parallel to the plane of the fence using a mechanism.
- Ease of use. It is possible to equip the structure with automation - the approaching driver just needs to press a button on the control panel and the gate will open.
- Even during snowfall, the “retractable” mechanism functions perfectly, since the gate leaves do not touch the ground.
- Attractive appearance.
- Resistance to external factors and durability.
The panel of sliding or sliding sashes is made of different materials. However, as practice shows, best option In terms of price-quality ratio, it is profiled sheet metal.
Important! You can make the gate leaf yourself, but the mechanism must be purchased from a trusted manufacturer
A separate group can be identified gate with built-in wicket. Such models are constructed using the same technology as swing gates made of wood or corrugated board. In the sash where the gate is planned to be placed, a frame of 4 vertical profiles(2 external frames define the boundaries, 2 internal ones define the entrance door opening).
Do-it-yourself swing country gates made of corrugated sheets
Site selection and project development
The first question that needs to be resolved is where to locate the entrance gates. summer cottage. If the house on the site is located in the center of the yard, then the gate is installed opposite the facade of the living space across the yard. For dachas located near the roadway, it is advisable to plan the entrance area away from the house in order to reduce exhaust gases to the yard.
If suburban area is located in a natural area with limited traffic, then the gate can be placed close to the facade.
To develop a drawing, you should decide on the dimensions of the gate - measure the width/height of the gate. When measuring the height, it is important to take into account the technical clearance at the bottom of the gate - the size of the gap depends on the type of coverage of the access roads. When laying tiles, asphalt or concrete, 5-7 cm is enough; for unstabilized soil with an uneven surface, a gap of about 10 cm should be left.
Advice. When calculating the drawing, you need to compare the dimensions of the frame and facing material. It is desirable that they coincide - then the installation process will be easier and it will be possible to avoid connecting seams with front side valves
The above drawing can be used as a basis for calculating the amount of material, parameters and mounting location of profile pipes.
Tools and materials
Mandatory and auxiliary tool for making frames, arranging posts and cladding for gates:
- grinder - for cutting and grinding metal workpieces;
- grinding and cutting discs;
- welding machine and electrodes;
- building level, tape measure, hammer, corner;
- trowel, shovel;
- spray gun or brushes for painting gates and posts;
- rivet and rivets.
Sample list of materials:
- profile pipe for the frame - optimally - 60*40*1.5, but 40*20*1.5 is also suitable;
- the pipe for making racks depends on the expected weight of the gate: up to 150 kg - 80*80*4, 150-300 kg - 10*100*5, more than 300 kg - 140*104*5;
- hinges (adjustable or non-adjustable);
- mechanical/electromechanical locks;
- dye;
- cladding - corrugated sheets.
Installation sequence
The first stage is the installation of support pillars. Metal supports are concreted to a depth of soil freezing - at least 1 meter. The order of installation of pillars:
- Support pipes with a cross-section of 100*100 mm should be cleaned of rust, degreased, primed and painted.
- Dig two holes along the edges of the proposed gate to a depth of 1-1.5 m.
- Place sand and crushed stone at the bottom of the holes - the layer thickness is 20-30 cm.
- Place the support in the hole and reinforce it with reinforcement. Check building level verticality of the pillar.
- Fill the hole with concrete consisting of: fine crushed stone, rack sand, cement.
Leave the foundation to harden for a week. If the door leaf is heavy with forging elements, then the concrete must “stand” for at least two weeks. At this time, you can begin making the sashes.
Sequence of creating a gate frame:
The final stage is covering with corrugated sheeting:
- Place the corrugated sheet on top of the frame and secure it with steel rivets or self-tapping screws.
- Fastening profiled metal in the areas of the “wave” depression.
- Calculation of the number of self-tapping screws is about 10 pieces per 1 sq.m.
The finished sashes of the structure are hung on hinges welded to the support posts.
DIY sliding country gates
For self-made sliding gates, you need to purchase sliding system components. Set includes:
- Guide beam. The length of the profile is equal to 1.6*the width of the opening for the gate.
- Roller carriages - 2 pcs.
- A board that keeps the structure from swinging while moving.
- Lower/upper limiter - reduces swinging of the gate during wind.
- End roller - ensures silent operation of the system and reduces the severity of the sash when open.
If the gate control is planned to be automatic, then you will need an automation kit consisting of the following elements:
- The gearbox is the “brain” of the working mechanism.
- Toothed rack (optimally galvanized). The size of the element depends on the length of the gate. For an opening with a width of 4.5 m, a batten with a thickness of at least 8 mm is suitable.
- Photocells.
- Signal lamp.
- Mounting base.
- Remote Control.
Start of work - drawing up a drawing indicating all dimensions. The width of the opening determines the location for the gate to be rolled back.
Important! The length of the gate is equal to the sum of the width of the opening and the rollback location. This value is calculated as the product of the gate opening and a coefficient of 1.6. The height of the sliding system is taken 10 cm less than the height of the fence
The main stages in the production of sliding country gates from corrugated sheets:
The last step is installation automatic system. Before installation, be sure to read technical documentation and instructions for the electric drive. Because different models differ from each other and have installation nuances.
Country gate design: original photo ideas
Classic swing gates can have symmetrical or asymmetrical leaves, as well as an additional entrance gate. Regardless of the type of design, their production is carried out according to the same principle.
Installation of supports
When soil heaves in winter, the load on support pillars gates can reach up to 10 tons per 1 sq. m. In addition, they also experience a significant dynamic load of several hundred kilograms during their opening and closing. Therefore, to increase the service life of such a structure, reliable support is required, deepened into the ground to a sufficient depth.The procedure for installing gate posts:
1. As supporting structures pipes or profiles of 2.5 mm with a diameter of 60 mm and above can be used. The use of a corner is not recommended: it is not capable of providing the structure with the necessary rigidity. For crossbars, the profile can be slightly narrower: up to 30 mm.
Advice. A frame that is too massive will create too much load on the supporting pillars, so when choosing a thick-walled profile, they are strengthened accordingly.
Support pillars
1. To install them, a pit is prepared to the depth of soil freezing (and its depth cannot be less than 1 m). For example, in the Moscow region it will be equal to 1.4 m. You can dig a pit using earth drill or manually. In this case, its diameter must be at least twice the cross-section of the pipe.
Pit for pouring support pillars
2. Before pouring concrete, a sand and crushed stone cushion 20 cm high is placed at the bottom of the pit.
3. The pillars are fixed in the pit, leveled using a level and poured sand-cement mixture. The installation of the gate is carried out no less than a week after it has completely set.
Advice. To prevent concrete from cracking, the ground around it should be spilled with water and compacted before pouring. To prevent premature drying, the top of the foundation should be covered with film and periodically moistened with water.
The main stages of manufacturing gate leaves
2. Metallic profile cut to specified sizes.3. From each edge of the strip, lines are drawn at an angle of 45° using a square, and then a cut is made along them using a grinder. To improve strength welds The cut areas are carefully cleaned to bare metal.
Marking profile joints
4. The collar profiles are laid out on a flat surface and tightly joined at the corners. To secure the structure you can use corner clamps(with clamps for fixation). To ensure that the collar does not “lead”, you should check before welding square correct placement of profiles inside the structure and then outside. The horizontalness of the surface is verified using level.
Checking horizontal and angles
5. Using a tape measure The height and width of the collar are also controlled. In case of an error, the correctness of cutting the corners and the location of each of the parts is checked.
Advice. If the channel or profile is slightly bent, it can be leveled with a hammer after preheating the metal over a gas burner.
Checking the height and width of the structure
6. After adjusting all the nodes, the seams in the corners are first tacked and then welded with a continuous seam. All welding points are cleaned with a grinder with a flap attachment. In the future, before painting, small cavities (voids) formed at the seams can be treated with automotive putty.
7. Next they dock transverse crossbars at an angle of 90°. To prevent the gates from “twisting”, in addition to the transverse ones, at least one door must be installed in them to increase rigidity. diagonal jumper. The angle of its connection with the profile of the gate can only be determined experimentally: it depends only on the design of the gate.
Crossbars running across the collar and diagonally
8. To hang the gate, one of the sides must be reinforced with a small piece of metal angle.
Reinforcement of metal strip for welding hinges
Welding gate hinges
The simplest device is a pin on which a cap is placed. To weld the hinges, the collar should be aligned in the same plane with the post with a gap not less than 5 mm. 20 or 25 cm are removed from the top and bottom of the collar and a mark is made with a pencil or chalk. Then the lower part of the hinge is welded to the frame (gate leaf), and the lower part is welded to the base.
Tack loops
Usually the hinges are welded through plates (ears): Small strips of metal are attached to both parts of the hinge, and then these plates are welded to the gate and frame. This method allows you to weld both the hinge and the plate on both sides, and then attach it to the top, side and bottom using three seams.
To ensure that the hinges do not sinter together during welding, all moving parts should be thoroughly coated with grease before starting work. The welding seam is laid from bottom to top.
Since the supports will always shift at the slightest movement of the ground, it is also necessary to leave a small gap of several millimeters between the doors.
Frame covering
The gate covering can be of any kind: wooden, made of corrugated sheets or metal sheets, etc. It is attached to the gate using self-tapping screws. If you plan to weld sheet iron, you should choose a more even cold-rolled metal.
Wood paneling
Below are several drawings of swing gates, from which you can choose the most suitable ones. You can develop your own scheme yourself. Optimal width the gate for entry of both cars and trucks is 3 m, height is from 2 m and above. To save materials, you can combine the gate with a wicket entrance.
Important! When creating your own drawing, you should take into account the gaps of several millimeters between the doors and posts, as well as between the gate and the ground.
If further automation of swing gates is planned, it should be noted that it should be installed only after the shutter travel has been perfectly adjusted. If you have to put in some effort when opening them, the reasons are identified and eliminated.
Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
Scheme 4
Scheme 5
Scheme 6
A gate is a structure of two leaves that closes the passage in the fence, which, in fact, is quite primitive. More complex designs may consist of three or more components. They can be opened manually or using a mechanism, which also affects the complexity of their production.
There are quite a lot of design varieties. Due to their ease of installation and functionality, sliding and rolling gates. These structures can be used not only for their intended purpose, but also as part of decorative design plot.
Design Features
Using our recommendations, you can do country gates or a gate yourself. Sliding structures made according to our plan without outside help, in appearance they will not differ in any way from the purchased mechanisms, and they will work the same.
The design of sliding gates has not changed for a long time, but has been constantly modernized. Nowadays, two types of sliding options are most often used: rail and cantilever, but the first option is gradually forgotten and fades into oblivion. Console type designs have gained popularity due to their versatility. To bring it to life, you need a few materials, which can be found in any store.
- Saving space. Cantilever gates can be installed anywhere. To open them, you do not need space in front of or behind the structure, because the canvas moves to the side.
- Versatility. The variety of proposed designs allows you to choose the one that suits you.
- Convenience. You can safely leave your car right outside the gate, because it will not become an obstacle when opening it.
- Appearance. This design looks very elegant, and if applied to the canvas beautiful drawing, it will also turn out unique.
- Durability.
Tools
To make a gate we will need:
- Welding machine. It can be conventional or inverter, but the main thing is that it is designed for 1000 amperes. Of course, an inverter will cost more, but the connections are much more reliable, and the metal does not deteriorate. With a conventional device you should be careful, because it heats up quickly. We will also need electrodes with a diameter of 2.5–3 mm, which are sold on construction markets.
- Bulgarian. It should work with two types of disks. The grinder can be replaced with any tool that can work with metal. We will need the first type of disc for cutting pieces of metal, and the second for processing it.
- Air compressor. This device will be needed to evenly apply paint to metal. It can be replaced with a brush, but the gate will end up with smudges.
- Pliers.
- Roulette.
- Hammer.
- Riveter.
- Glasses.
- Level.
- Drill.
Materials
To work, we need not only tools, but also several types of metal, which is abundant in metal warehouses.
For cladding, we can use any metal you like. Standard option- corrugated sheeting, but they also use wood and polyester. To process the sheathing you need a primer and paint.
We also need cantilever equipment, which consists of beams, top and end rollers, a catcher and two more rollers. When all the materials have been purchased, do not rush to start production, but first plan and calculate each stage.
Select appropriate place and prepare it. Decide on the direction of movement of the structure, because the place for this also needs to be prepared.
Production
When you have the drawings in your hands, and everything you need is nearby, you can start working. Divide all the material into two parts - for the lintels and for the main structure. Measure the required pieces of metal and cut it. Do not forget that you need to adhere to the recommended angle at the jumpers. When all the metal is prepared, it should be connected with a welding machine into a common structure.
When the frame is ready and the beams are waiting their turn, you should start sanding the structure and then degreasing it. To grind metal, you need to use a grinder with an appropriate disc, but acetone or gasoline is suitable for processing. When the metal is dry, you can apply a primer and then paint it.
It can take from two hours to three days for the paint to dry completely, so during this time you can concrete the base and install the pillars. You also need to take care of the space for the rollers and drive.
Installation
First of all, you need to install it in concrete base blocks, for which we need screws and hinges. The main element of the entire structure is a multifunctional beam to which the remaining parts will be attached. Finished gates must be installed only after strengthening the base with cement mortar.
Sheets of corrugated sheets are attached to the manufactured frame.
So, slowly and with minimal effort, we installed the gate. This design is very durable, and in terms of functionality it is not inferior to analogues purchased from the manufacturer. To ensure everything is done correctly, follow our instructions.
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