Plywood is an artificial sheet building material. It is made by tightly gluing and pressing an odd number of thin layers of wood (veneer) so that the fibers of adjacent layers of veneer are mutually perpendicular. In this case, the plywood sheet must be symmetrical relative to the middle (central) layer of veneer. Thanks to this technology, the plywood sheet has excellent characteristics in terms of strength, durability, load resistance, impact resistance and moisture resistance.
Plywood is classified: by grade, by type of wood, by surface type, by the degree of mechanical surface treatment, by the content of free formaldehyde.
By grade, plywood is divided mainly into four types: FK, FSF, FB, FOF.
“FK” and “FSF”, “FB” or “FOF” indicate resistance to moisture, which is determined by the type of glue and coating of the top veneer of the plywood sheet. Plywood is glued using synthetic thermosetting adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde and urea.
- Plywood FC- medium water resistance or moisture resistant. Glued with adhesives based on carbamide resins. Recommended for use, as a rule, indoors.
- Plywood FSF- increased water resistance. Glued with adhesives based on phenol-formaldehyde resins. Recommended for use both indoors and (mainly) for outdoor use.
- FB plywood- bakelized plywood. Each layer of veneer of such plywood is impregnated with bakelite varnish, and then glued with glue based on phenol-formaldehyde resins. Recommended for use in aggressive environments, tropical climates, and aquatic environments. Area of application – aircraft – shipbuilding.
- Plywood FOF(laminated plywood) – birch plywood of the FSF brand, lined with a film coating (high-density paper impregnated with synthetic resin) on one or both sides. Recommended for outdoor use. Area of application (mainly) – monolithic construction, formwork structures.
According to the type of wood from which the plywood is made.
Depending on the type of wood used to make plywood, the main types of plywood can be divided into birch (made from hardwood veneer), coniferous (made from softwood veneer) and combined. Generally, plywood is considered to be made from the type of wood from which its outer layers are made.
Birch plywood- for the production of furniture and interior decoration, medium moisture-resistant plywood of the FK brand is used, and for external work, birch plywood of increased moisture resistance of the FSF brand is used. Birch plywood is also used in the manufacture of containers and packaging.
Softwood plywood- is highly resistant to rotting and fungal infection. Coniferous plywood has these qualities because the needles are impregnated with resins and are glued using phenol-formaldehyde glue. Coniferous plywood is used for roofing work. Coniferous plywood will last the entire service life of the “soft” roof.
Based on the surface grade, depending on the appearance of the outer layers, the following main grades are distinguished: grade I (or 1), grade II (or 2), grade III (or 3), grade IV (or 4), grade V (or 5). The variety designation consists of two numbers - two sides of the sheet and is written through a slash (fraction) as follows: 2/3, 4/4, etc. or II/III, IV/IV, etc.
In some cases (European designations), plywood grades can be designated by letters: E (elite), A, B+, B, S, Bs, BBx, BBxs, BB, CP, CPs, C, WG.
Determinant of grade - number of knots per 1 sq. m surface of the outer sheet.
First grade plywood– plywood with virtually no external defects. Only a few healthy fused knots with a diameter of up to 8 mm and minor brown veins are allowed.
Second grade plywood– plywood that allows minor restoration of the sheet surface using veneer inserts and sealing knots and open defects.
Third grade plywood differs from the first and second in that such plywood is used for the manufacture of structures hidden from visual view. It is used for various special containers and packaging. By and large, the third grade is what is rejected from the second.
Fourth grade plywood- plywood allowing for all manufacturing defects. This applies, first of all, to knots, of which there can be an unlimited number. The main thing is that the manufacturer guarantees good gluing of the sheets. Fourth grade plywood is used in the manufacture of containers and packaging.
Based on the degree of mechanical surface treatment, the following types of plywood are distinguished:
- NS - unpolished;
- Ш (Ш 1) - polished on one side;
- Ш (Ш 2) - polished on both sides.
A letter indicating the degree of mechanical processing is added to the designation of the grade and brand of plywood.
For all types of sanded plywood, it is mandatory to indicate the emission class of free formaldehyde E1 and E2. The quality of sanded plywood is assessed by many indicators, for example: by the strength of chipping, static bending, tensile strength of samples, as well as by the following indicators - moisture content, the presence of defects. The thickness of sanded plywood sheets (slabs) is available from 4 to 40 mm. Plywood is sanded to create a smooth surface of the plywood and even out the thickness, removing dirt and scratches.
- E1 plywood- formaldehyde content per 100 g of absolutely dry mass of plywood is no more than 10 mg inclusive.
- E2 plywood- formaldehyde content per 100 g of absolutely dry mass of plywood from 10 mg to 30 mg inclusive.
The main factors in the overall assessment of the quality of a plywood sheet are the tensile strength during chipping, static bending, and tensile strength of samples. Important properties are moisture content, structure, color of knots, presence of defects.
Very often in construction, renovation, exterior and interior decoration, a material is required that is equally strong and lightweight, inexpensive and resistant to environmental conditions. Plywood meets all these requirements. In this article we will take a detailed look at the types of plywood, its characteristics and the purpose of each type.
Familiar plywood
Plywood is a wood-laminated material with at least 3 layers. The layers are veneer or tree bark. During manufacturing, veneer is placed in each layer perpendicular to the previous one, therefore density and strength increase, and the composition used for gluing the layers increases moisture resistance.
Kinds
Depending on the glue used
- FSF (phenol-formaldehyde glue) - the highest level of moisture resistance. Due to harmful substances in the resin, it is not recommended for residential premises and furniture production;
- FKM (melamine glue) – average level of moisture resistance. It has a lower content of harmful substances, but also lower resistance to humidity, so it can be used wherever there are no increased requirements for moisture resistance and toxicity levels;
- FC (urea glue) – low level of moisture resistance. It does not contain harmful substances, therefore it can only be used in the interior decoration of residential premises, as well as kindergartens, rooms, furniture;
- FBA (albumin-casein glue) is a non-waterproof plywood. It is environmentally friendly and can be used anywhere where increased resistance to moisture is not needed.
Impregnation with bakelite varnish Separately, you need to highlight bakelized plywood (FB). It is impregnated with bakelite glue and has the highest level of moisture resistance and response to the conditions of the surrounding aggressive environment. Can be used: at high/low temperatures; from tropical to northern climates, with constant exposure to sea water, microorganisms, etc.
Because This building material is quite expensive, for the convenience of buyers, it is divided into several more subtypes: according to the composition of the resin, and also according to the sizing method, so that everyone can choose the right brand and not overpay in vain:
- FBS (impregnation with alcohol-soluble glue), the main advantage is moisture resistance:
- FBS brand: all layers of veneer are completely impregnated, the highest quality material;
- Brand FBS-1: the layers are not impregnated, but only coated, the quality is slightly lower;
- Brand FBS-1A: only longitudinal layers are coated.
Waterproof material - FBV (impregnation with water-soluble glue), the main advantage is strength:
- FBV brand: only the outer layers are impregnated, and the inner layers are coated;
- Brand FBV-1: veneer is only coated.
On the surface
Plywood with treated surface layer Types of plywood for processing the surface layer:
- Laminated. To enhance all the qualities of wood, the outer layers are covered with a special film to additionally protect the surface;
- Polished on both sides (Ш2);
- Polished on one side (Ш1);
- Unsanded (NS).
The surface of the plywood is sanded to remove defects and make it more aesthetically attractive.
Basically, polished and laminated are used for finishing or decorative finishing, as well as for creating the front parts of furniture.
Classification by variety
How to find out the fvnera variety - Grade E (elite) - defects are not allowed, except for minor random changes in the structure of the wood;
- Grade 1 - the maximum length of warping or cracks should not exceed 20 mm;
- Grade 2 - cracks up to 200 mm, wood inserts, glue leakage up to 2% of the total sheet area are allowed;
- Grade 3 - up to 10 wormholes are allowed. per m2, with a diameter of each no more than 6 mm; the total number of listed defects cannot be more than 9;
- Grade 4 - extremely low quality. May have the following defects: partially fused and fallen knots - without limitation; wormholes with a diameter of up to 40 mm without limitation; defects in sheet edges up to 5 mm deep.
Application in construction Thus, the grade of plywood depends on the presence of defects and their number on the surface of the wood veneer. At the same time, all types of plywood are used:
- Grade E and Grade 1: decorative finishing, finishing interior and exterior;
- Grade 2 and Grade 3: rough finishing or finishing, with additional application of varnishes and paints to mask defects;
- Grade 4: rare - internal rough finishing, mainly used for the manufacture of containers and packaging.
At the same time, the marking on the label may be, for example, this: 3/4 or 4/4, this means that on the outside of the sheet the quality is of one grade, and on the inside - another. Such products are very popular on the Russian market, because... For the price, it is much more profitable.
Division by type of wood
Based on the type of wood veneer, there are three types: birch, coniferous and combined. At the same time, they look only at the composition of the outer layers.
Hardwood Birch is a deciduous type of construction plywood. Birch bark veneer is a very durable and dense material that has a uniform structure.
On topic - what advantages does it have over conifers?
The density of such plywood is approximately 650 kg/m3, i.e. a sheet of such material is 20% stronger than a similar one made from another type of wood, but it does not contain natural resins at all, and it is more expensive.
It is mainly used where the unique properties of wood are required: strength and lightness. This is, first of all, large-scale and private construction, as well as carriage building, the automotive industry, shipbuilding, and packaging production.
From coniferous trees Layers of such plywood are made from the bark of coniferous trees (in Russia, they are mainly made from spruce and pine). It is not as durable as birch, but it weighs 20% less, contains natural resins in the wood, which naturally protect against rotting and dampness, and also has a beautiful surface pattern, and is cheaper than deciduous wood.
Because The main advantages of this plywood are price, weight and beautiful surface; it is used more in private construction (roofing, partitions, flooring, external and internal decoration, etc.), as well as for creating decorative items and in design.
From various types of wood Layers of combined plywood can consist of different types of wood, both coniferous and deciduous. In terms of quality characteristics, it is closer to birch, but costs less. It is used both in construction and in furniture, packaging production, etc.
By purpose
Also, it is very convenient to classify plywood according to methods of application, which we will consider below.
Application in shipbuilding This type of birch plywood is also called “marine”. Consists of the FB brand, i.e. it is impregnated with the most moisture-resistant bakelite glue under high pressure and temperature. Therefore, it can be successfully used in the construction and finishing of ships, boats, yachts and other watercraft, as well as wherever a material is required that can withstand heavy loads and not deform from rotting during long-term operation in conditions of constant humidity: ports, docks, berths and other structures.
Furniture
Plywood furniture Furniture plywood must necessarily meet certain requirements, especially for children's institutions. This is, first of all, environmental safety (the absence of substances harmful to humans), durability (furniture usually experiences considerable loads during operation) and beautiful appearance. Birch plywood FK meets all these requirements, since its strength is higher than that of coniferous plywood, and it is impregnated with non-toxic urea glue. For the front sides of furniture it is better to use the first and second grades.
Construction plywood is mainly plywood of grades 3/4 and 4/4, which is used in internal hidden work: pre-finishing of floors, ceilings, walls; construction of interior partitions, floorings, podiums; leveling the subfloor, frame for a suspended ceiling, etc. Due to its lightness, strength, heat/sound insulation properties, ease of use, and also low cost, it is used wherever there are no increased requirements for a beautiful appearance.
Use in aircraft manufacturing This type of plywood is made from the FSF brand, impregnated with formaldehyde glue under special conditions, as a result, in terms of strength and moisture resistance, it is sometimes compared to steel, since, having a high density, it easily resists prolonged mechanical stress. Such qualities are required in order to use it in the most critical industries: the construction of aircraft, helicopters, large and small ships; in the carriage building and automotive industry.
Formwork
Formwork plywood is used in the construction of a concrete foundation, so it must have exceptional qualities in terms of strength, moisture resistance, resistance to an unfavorable environment and various deformations (swelling, drying out, cracking, etc.).
We wrote about the main advantages in the article, with all the characteristics and strength indicators.
All specified quality requirements are met only by laminated birch plywood FB with the maximum number of layers (thickness 18 mm for walls and 21 mm for floors). The process of laminating sheets with a protective film greatly enhances the basic qualities of this building material: the density approaches almost 700 kg/m3, and the maximum strength is: along the fibers - at least 55 MPa, across the fibers - at least 25 MPa. Thanks to these qualities, this material is wear-resistant and economical, i.e. After the foundation has been erected, the sheets can be reused many times.
Plywood for decoration Decorative plywood has the FK brand and is made from various types of wood, but always from elite or first grade, because It is the naturalness of the surface pattern that is valued. Also, to preserve the appearance and other valuable qualities of wood, it is either laminated or coated with a special varnish. Main applications: external and internal finishing, decoration, interior design, furniture, DIY crafts, etc.
Car body coating It is also called “automotive” - it is laminated or mesh-ribbed (if you need a minimum of slip) FSF plywood. This plywood is used for the manufacture of various parts of trucks: metal frame upholstery for vans, flooring, door trim, etc. Due to their strength and moisture resistance, such parts can be used for a long time without fear of deformation or wear. Also, the advantages include ease of installation - almost all work can be done with your own hands and with little time.
Dimensions and thickness
If you have decided on the type, purpose and grade, then further parameters for selecting and purchasing plywood are the thickness and dimensions of the sheet, because the cost depends on this.
According to GOST, the standard sheet dimensions are: 2440 x 1220 mm, but, at the same time, the most popular and convenient to use is: 1525 x 1525 mm. The following sizes are also offered: 1500 x 3000, 1525 x 3050 - in various variations of length and width, as well as non-standard sizes (determined by a specific manufacturer).
Dimensions according to GOST The thickness of plywood from different manufacturers varies significantly within the range of 3-30 mm, and depends on the raw materials used in production and the number of layers in the product (from 3 to 21).
Manufacturing methods
Tree bark is used to make plywood. The logs are pre-soaked in water and steamed. After which, the veneer is cut in several ways: planing, sawing and peeling. Peeling is considered the most effective method, because the thickness of the cut bark is minimal and wood raw materials are consumed optimally. This process occurs using a rotating machine on which the tree trunk is clamped. In this case, rotation occurs around the knife, cutting the bark in a circle.
Next, the cut bark is sorted, depending on the defects present, according to quality grades, and processed in a special way to form sheets. After which, the sorted sheets are impregnated with glue and pressed. At the same time, each layer is perpendicular to the next, which provides special strength. The final part is surface treatment by lamination or grinding. After which, the finished products undergo quality control, are labeled and packaged.
So, we examined in detail the types of plywood by grade and type of wood, as well as the application of each type. Among such a variety of different brands, everyone can choose the best option in terms of price and quality. Summarizing all of the above, we can say with confidence that if you need a wood building material that is easy to use, affordable, durable, lightweight, and resistant to environmental conditions, then it is best to choose plywood.
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The main operational requirement that consumers place on plywood is water resistance. This quality is closely related to most other technical characteristics of the material, in particular, strength, wear resistance, and service life. The behavior of a sheet of plywood in conditions of high humidity is determined by the type of adhesive used when gluing the veneer layers. Currently, materials based on synthetic resins with modifying additives are used for this purpose.
The technical conditions for the production of general-purpose plywood from deciduous and softwood veneers are regulated by GOST 3916.1-96, 3916.2-96 and provide for the production of the following materials:
- FSF - plywood with increased moisture resistance for indoor and outdoor use;
- FC - waterproof plywood, intended for indoor use.
With the same structure and types of veneer, the main difference between FSF and FK plywood is the adhesive compositions used in production. FSF plywood sheets are formed using phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. This material is indispensable as elements of formwork, scaffolding, scaffolding and other structures used in the open air. The degree of moisture resistance can be enhanced by lamination, and this further expands the scope of application of FSF plywood.
The degree of moisture resistance of FC is slightly lower than that of FSF. FC plywood is in demand in the manufacture of furniture, cladding walls, ceilings, and when used in floor structures. Laminated and sanded sheets can be used to create decorative elements in interior design.
Visually, FSF and FK plywood can be distinguished by the color of the glue between the veneer layers. To do this, it is enough to inspect the ends of the sheets - in FSF, the layers of the adhesive composition have a dark red or dark brown tint, in FK they are light yellow.
More information
Plywood is a popular material used in construction, furniture production, technical and decorative products. There are several types of it, which it is advisable to understand in order to purchase what you need. In particular, it is useful to find the main difference between FC and FSF plywood as the most popular materials.
Structure and main difference
Any plywood consists of layers of natural veneer, firmly glued together. The only difference is the wood that is used to produce the veneer, the method of arranging thin layers and the composition for gluing or impregnation. The dimensions of the sheets do not depend on these parameters and can be the same for different types.
In FK type plywood, the veneer layers are glued together using urea-formaldehyde glue. In FSF materials, gluing is carried out using phenol-formaldehyde glue resins. This is the fundamental difference between the types of FC and FSF, from which corresponding consequences follow.
The external difference between FC and FSF is manifested in the color of the layer. The ends of FC plywood are lighter, while FSF has a noticeable reddish dark tint. This is explained by the fact that urea-based glue becomes transparent when hardened, while formaldehyde resins are colored.
The difference between FSF and FC is as follows:
- adhesive composition;
- moisture resistance;
- strength;
- end color;
- price;
- content of hazardous substances.
And all this depends mostly on the glue. The urea composition is soluble in water, so FC plywood products are afraid of getting wet. FSF, unlike FC, is a moisture-resistant material.
Note! The difference in cost is noticeable. With the same size and grade (quality), the price of FSF is usually higher than FC.
Of course, the cost will be affected by the location of production, additional processing and some other factors. But the general trend can still be traced.
It should be noted that there is also another type of plywood - FOF. She belongs to the special forces group. The difference between FOF and FSF plywood is that the former is covered with a durable laminated film. Thus, its moisture-resistant properties increase even more.
Application of FC
FC plywood sheets are made from hardwood, mainly birch, poplar, and alder. This is a wonderful material, the highest grades of which are distinguished by a light, smooth surface.
The peculiarity of FC is that, due to the adhesive, it does not withstand prolonged exposure to moisture and, when wet, swells and delaminates. At the same time, if such plywood is used in a dry room, it exhibits high strength characteristics.
FC plywood is used to make beds, sofas, and boxes for transporting goods; they cover walls with it, and place it on the floor under parquet or laminate. Like other species, its thickness varies, reaching a maximum of 40 mm. The varieties depend on the presence of knots, sprouts, cracks, darkening and other defects.
The question may arise: should FSF or FC plywood be used for flooring, for example, under parquet? These two types are suitable, although moisture-resistant FSF plywood products (low grade, sanded and unsanded) are preferable. The difference between them will also be in price. If the room is not damp, it is not a ground floor, not a basement, then in order to save money, you can use FC. Most often, when laying floors, sheets with a thickness of 10-12 mm are used.
Application of FSF
FSF sheets are used as roofing material for the construction of stages, sports fields, temporary structures, and billboards. Such plywood is widely used for formwork, and the best option here is laminated material, since it can be used several times (up to 100).
Although furniture for residential premises is not made from FSF, it is excellent for garden benches, gazebos and other structures. Another common application is truck floors and van linings. It is allowed to make boxes for transporting non-food products from FSF sheets.
Security difference
There is another important difference between the materials under consideration. It concerns the safety of their production, use and disposal.
FSF contains phenol formaldehyde, which makes you think about the safety of the material. Phenol and formaldehyde, from which glue is made, are toxic and negatively affect the skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract. Disposal of products with their contents is problematic.
When cured, phenol-formaldehyde resin becomes less hazardous, but vaporization of both phenol and formaldehyde is possible. Sanitary standards require monitoring of these parameters.
When purchasing, you should pay attention to the emission class of harmful substances. If the certificate of conformity states E1, then such plywood can be used even in the bedroom. Class E2 cannot be used indoors.
FC plywood is safe for indoor use, since urea-formaldehyde adhesive is an order of magnitude less toxic than phenol-formaldehyde. The emission of phenol in it is minimal.
FK plywood is a moisture-resistant plywood, the production of which uses adhesive compositions based on formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins. These resins are slightly more water soluble than resins containing phenolic compounds, but their toxicity is significantly lower. That is why this type is used for interior work, as well as in the furniture industry, that is, in those areas where moisture resistance is a secondary requirement and non-toxicity is a primary requirement.
FK plywood can be made from hardwood and coniferous veneer, and the main material of plywood is the material of its outer layers. If nine birch sheets are sandwiched between two sheets of coniferous veneer, it is coniferous plywood.
Types of FC plywood
FC plywood can be sanded or unsanded, and sanded plywood can be either single-sided or double-sided, depending on the purpose. Such plywood is marked as NSh, Sh1, Sh2: unsanded plywood, sanded plywood on one side, sanded plywood on both sides. Sanded plywood can also be used for household needs, in construction, etc. In addition, furniture plywood is often laminated with polyvinyl chloride decorative films, giving it increased moisture resistance and an attractive appearance.
A reliable and time-tested construction and finishing material, plywood, has proven itself to be excellent when used for various purposes. It is used in production and in everyday life, as a material for packaging and installation of formwork in monolithic construction. The sufficient strength of plywood, combined with lightness, allows the widespread use of this material for various purposes, including construction. Among the variety of varieties of plywood sheets produced today, you can find the material with the necessary quality characteristics for specific needs.
Plywood FC, FSF all grades and sizes
The front layer of plywood determines the consumer properties of the material. The two main types of face layers are hardwood or softwood. Deciduous wood varieties, in particular birch wood, are recognized as the best in terms of appearance. The coniferous finishing layer is less susceptible to destruction due to its greater weight and massiveness. The purpose of the material also determines the quality requirements for both the final layer of wood (there are five grades in total) and the method of its processing (sanded or unsanded sheet).
In the furniture industry, higher grades of plywood are used, but for the production of containers, the fourth grade is sufficient. Plywood marked FC is preferable for indoor use. The abbreviation FC hides a combination of plywood and urea-formaldehyde glue.
What is the difference between FC and FSF plywood?
Unlike varieties characterized by water resistance, FK plywood is a material with average resistance to moisture. That is why it is used mainly for indoor use: when laying parquet, furniture production, as well as for various household needs. The moisture content of the material itself should be from five to ten percent. The peculiarity of FC plywood is that the sheet of material consists of several layers of wood glued together using resins. Urea-formaldehyde resins are used to produce FC plywood.
This type of resin contains free formaldehyde, which can be released in small quantities from the resin only under conditions of large temperature changes or prolonged exposure to direct sunlight. The rate of formaldehyde gas emission (classified as the second hazard class in Russia) during the operation of plywood marked FC, in accordance with international safety standards, is 0.9% under unfavorable environmental conditions. The resin in the material itself does not pose any threat to humans. However, when installing FC plywood in children's rooms and, in particular, when a child comes into contact with the material itself (as part of furniture, for example), it is preferable to use the sheet with lamination or coatings with special covering varnishes. For other cases of use, for example, for parquet substrates, FC without additional coating is excellent. Thus, FC is the most preferable from an environmental point of view.
Description of FSF plywood
FSF plywood, which complies with GOST 3916.1-96, is made only from high-quality birch or peeled veneer combined with coniferous veneer, the thickness of which ranges from 1.15 mm to 1.9 mm. For its production, phenol-formaldehyde adhesive resins are used, which also comply with GOST 20907-75 grade SFZh-3014. The abbreviation FSF stands for: Plywood + Resin Phenol-formaldehyde (glue).
FSF plywood is divided into homogeneous - wood of one species is used in its manufacture and combined - wood of various species is used, and phenol-formaldehyde adhesive resins are always used to bond the layers. This adhesive connection provides plywood of this brand with increased water resistance, density and high strength; moreover, it is easy to process, as it can be easily sawed and subsequently installed and has excellent wear resistance to mechanical damage.
Thickness of FSF plywood
The use of FSF plywood is extensive and it is used not only indoors, more often 
all non-residential, but also outside, it is used in frame construction or as formwork when pouring concrete, in roofing, in the production of containers, as well as in automobile and carriage building.
In order for FSF plywood to be suitable for use in the production of building structures, both inside and outside, it must have advantages over other materials and have certain properties. These advantages are provided by increased water resistance and humidity of 5-10%. Despite the fact that plywood has excellent strength and dimensional stability, to give it additional protective properties, lamination is used and coating with varnish or paint is used, since laminated lumber is considered the most moisture-resistant and also has a high level of sanding. This gives plywood additional advantages over other lumber. Plywood price not high compared to other lumber, but reliability is much higher than competitors.
FSF birch plywood
In Russia, the main part of the plywood produced is laminated and subsequently used in monolithic construction as the main material for creating formwork systems, often used for combined hydro- and thermal insulation or as a decorative finishing material in the most complex types of finishing and installation. It is also used in car-building enterprises or in the production of freight transport and in the form of packaging or containers. And high-quality varieties of laminated plywood, due to the variety of textures, colors and aesthetic appearance, are often used in the furniture industry and for interior finishing work in industrial or office premises.
The phenol-formaldehyde adhesive resins used to connect layers of plywood give the plywood a number of excellent properties, however, there is one very significant drawback - the presence in it of phenolic compounds that are harmful to health, which tend to gradually evaporate, which gives grounds for using plywood for outdoor use or in industrial non-residential premises. For finishing residential premises, FC plywood is most often used, in the production of which urea adhesives are used to glue veneer layers, although the moisture-resistant properties of such plywood are much less.
Application of FSF plywood
Most of the FSF plywood produced in Russia is laminated and used as a material for creating formwork systems in monolithic construction. In addition, a certain amount of FSF plywood is purchased by carriage manufacturing enterprises, manufacturers of trucks and packaging. Often, FSF plywood is also used as a bedding when laying parquet, but this is a very bad decision.