The problem of heating and water heating in country houses that have gas communications is most easily solved with the help of a gas boiler, which occupies a central place in the heating system.

When organizing the latter in their home, consumers try to choose the simplest and most convenient boiler to use.

However, we must not forget that gas is a highly flammable, explosive substance that must be used with extreme caution.

Therefore, equipment developers equip heating boilers, operating on gas with special automatic devices that not only control its operation during operation, but also provide a high level of safety in the event of emergency situations.

In general, boiler automation devices include:

• gas valves;
• various control sensors (heating, presence of gas, etc.);
• control units;
• security systems.

Goals and objectives of automation.

The efficiency and safety of operating a gas boiler depends on compliance with established operating modes over a long period of time. Moreover, its owner does not always have the opportunity to monitor the compliance of operating parameters with the established values.

In accordance with current regulatory documents, automation equipment installed in gas heating boilers must cut off the gas supply in the following cases:

• insufficient draft in the chimney;
• lack of flame on the igniter;
• low or too high pressure gas

Boiler automation helps solve these problems. It is she who is able to ensure that all operational requirements are met, as well as inform the boiler owner about any irregularities in its operation. Currently, all gas boilers in mandatory are equipped with automatic control systems, which, largely determining their functionality, affect the operation of the heating system as a whole.

The main classification of automation devices for heating boilers involves dividing them into two types:

1. Non-volatile - the operating principle of which is based on the use of mechanical devices.
2. Energy-dependent - using complex electromechanical components and electronic devices in their work.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF BOILERS EQUIPPED WITH NON-POWER-INDEPENDENT AUTOMATION

Starting a gas boiler equipped with non-volatile automation is carried out manually. When you press the button of the starting system, the washer that shuts off the gas supply to the boiler is squeezed out, the valve is forced to open and the gas is supplied to the igniter, where it is ignited using a piezoelectric element.

Ignition of the gas leads to rapid (up to 30 seconds) heating of the thermocouple, which begins to generate voltage that allows the electromagnet to hold the gas supply valve open. If for some reason the flame goes out, the thermocouple cools and the valve closes, blocking gas access to the burner.

The functionality of boilers with non-volatile automation is extremely limited and comes down to setting the required coolant temperature, which is done manually. For this purpose, a temperature scale is provided on the boiler control panel, which is used to set the operating temperature of the coolant inside the boiler.

During operation, the set temperature is maintained using a special thermostat (thermostat), which opens or closes the gas supply valve as necessary.

The thermostat operates using a thermocouple built into the boiler heat exchanger. Moreover, it is equipped with a special rod made of invar (an alloy of 64% Fe + 36% Ni), which reacts to changes in temperature by changing the geometric dimensions of the part. With the help of this rod, which is rigidly connected to the gas supply valve, the flow of the latter into the burner is regulated.

In addition, boilers equipped with non-volatile automation are additionally equipped with special sensors, which, in the event of a drop in draft in the chimney or gas pressure in the main, will cut off the gas supply to the boiler.

The design of the draft sensor is based on a thin bimetallic plate, which in normal mode is in a bent state and holds the corresponding valve open. When the draft in the chimney decreases, the plate heats up, which causes a change in its geometric shape, and, as a result, the gas supply valve closes.

Gas pressure is controlled by a valve mechanism set to specific value. If the pressure deviates significantly from the set value, the mechanism is triggered, cutting off the gas supply to the burner.

The advantages of boilers with non-volatile automation are:

• low cost;
• ease of control, accessible to people who, as they say, are not friendly with technology;
• autonomy of operation which does not require connection to the electrical network.

OPERATION OF BOILERS WITH ENERGY-DEPENDENT AUTOMATION

Work management modern equipment, equipped with a volatile boiler automation system, is carried out as a result of analysis by the microprocessor control unit of data received from temperature, pressure sensors, etc. Almost all boiler control elements are mounted inside its body, so when installing the latter, it is enough to connect necessary pipelines and connect the boiler to the public power supply.

Unlike boilers with non-volatile automation, the use of complex electronic devices significantly expands their functionality. In addition to the ability to independently maintain a given coolant temperature, modern control and measuring devices automatically carry out:

• boiler start-up;
• control of the gas supply valve and burner power;
• turning off the boiler in emergency cases.

In addition, automated control units are equipped with special displays that display all necessary information about the operation of the boiler.

The latest models of gas boilers are able to control the concentration of combustion products and control the operation of the pump. These models are also equipped with a self-diagnosis system, which allows you to identify defects in individual system elements during operation.

Automated systems, thanks to the coordinated operation of electronic devices, ensure uninterrupted operation of the boiler in accordance with established operating modes. They also allow the use of special programmers that allow you to configure temperature regime boiler operation for several days, taking into account the weather forecast.

REMOTE CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT

A gas boiler, which serves as a source of thermal energy for the heating system, is an equipment that operates continuously for a long time. Moreover, it can be considered as a set of devices designed to generate heat and automatically control this process.

When developing such boilers, the developers set themselves the task of ensuring it stable work with minimal user intervention. To do this, various sensors, control devices and actuators are introduced into the design.

However, their presence does not exclude the need, and in some cases, the desire of the user, to further adjust the operation of the system at his own discretion. And what more complex system automation, the more opportunities it can provide.

As a rule, the main user and service settings necessary for the normal operation of the boiler are displayed on the main panel located on the boiler body. The consumer can change them at any time. However, the heater is not always located close to the user. For example, in country houses the boiler can be installed either in a separate room or outside the house. In this case, the question arises about remote heating control.

There are several options for implementing remote control.

Room regulators.

By using room regulators the most simple tasks- adjustment of coolant temperature. To do this, a corresponding sensor is built into the regulator body, which is connected to the boiler automation system. More complex devices can be used, equipped with electromechanical or electronic sensors and controls with their own autonomous power supply.

They are connected to the boiler automation via wires or via a radio channel. The disadvantage of these devices is the lack of feedback - you can transmit a command, but you cannot receive information about the state of the system.

Remote control controllers.

The remote control controller is a more complex device connected to the boiler control system via a bus through which coded signals are transmitted.

Using the controller, it is easy to organize not only the control of almost all functions, but also provide feedback by displaying information about the system status and detected defects on the controller display.

The disadvantages of the system include the need to use control protocols, which make it quite difficult to coordinate heating equipment with the controller.

Telecommunication modules.

A telecommunications module equipped with a modem and a slot for a SIM card in the presence of an appropriate controller as part of the boiler automation makes it possible for the user to keep control of the entire heating system at almost any distance from it.

The telecommunication module is installed anywhere and communicates with the boiler via a bus. The exchange of information between the automation and the user is carried out using SMS messages via GSM communication channels.

Such an organization ensures that the user receives timely information about the state of the heating equipment and the impact on it using appropriate commands sent from a mobile phone. The only requirement that must be ensured is the presence of a stable cellular signal.

IN Lately Telecommunication modules that provide communication with the user via the Internet have become widespread. In this case, the module connects to a running computer with Internet access, directly or through a router.

The signals are transmitted to a remote server, by connecting to which you can see in real time and adjust almost all parameters of the boiler equipment.

Messages about any malfunctions and defects are sent to the user by email. With the advent of the Android OS, the interface of which is similar to the interface of boiler control panels, it has become possible to control the heating system using smartphones, which has made remote control of the heating system even more convenient.

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There are three main reasons why automation is installed:

• saving energy consumption;
• improving ease of use;
• increasing the safety of working with equipment.

The boiler automation system allows you to configure the operation of the equipment so that raw materials are used as efficiently and effectively as possible. Efficiency increases, not only does consumption save, but the microclimate in the house also becomes more comfortable.

The nodes for automation may include:

• temperature regulators;
• sensors for water heaters;
• fans;
• weather-compensated automation;
• heating regulator;
• draft regulators;
• circuit return sensor.

Range

Of the total number of manufacturers operating on the market, the German brands Buderus, Vaillant and Viessmann received the best expert ratings. Their automation, manufactured for gas and solid fuel boilers, is highly accurate and reliable.

Buderus automated systems are very simple and inexpensive. They configure the operation of the device to economical consumption fuel, the necessary comfort parameters up to weather control. They are easy to maintain and configure. Control systems ensure that the set comfort values ​​are maintained.

Steam boiler and other types of automation from Vaillant are not cheap, but they are distinguished by a high degree of reliability and durability. A wide range of products from this brand are offered for sale.

Viessmann pays great attention to advanced technologies, therefore, all its boiler safety and resource management automation is built on the latest developments, is compact, environmentally friendly and efficient.

When choosing a gas boiler for heating a country house or cottage, it is necessary to take into account many factors: the area of ​​the house that needs to be heated, the number of circuits, the expected consumption of hot water (in the case of a double-circuit boiler), the possibility of connecting a heated floor circuit, etc. In addition, one of the most important aspects that must be taken into account when choosing a boiler is the automation installed in it. In this article we will analyze the main functions of the automation systems that modern boilers have. This will help you understand what these functional modules do in practice, what you really need, and what is not worth paying extra money for.

All automatic components of gas boilers can be divided into two groups:

• Protective automation
• Automation for convenience

Protective automation

Automation units from the first group, as its name suggests, are designed to protect the boiler and the room in which it is installed. These devices stop the gas supply in the event of an emergency.

Gas control

This usually means "flame control" burners. When the burner goes out, the gas supply must be stopped. This is a basic protection function that is present in all boilers.

This automation module consists of two units: a gas supply valve and a thermocouple (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 Thermocouple and solenoid valve

Thermocouple is a passive temperature sensor, i.e. does not require external power. It consists of two soldered conductors made of different metals (Fig. 2.). When the soldering point is heated, a thermo-emf is induced in the conductors; in other words, a small voltage arises, sufficient to open the gas supply electromagnetic valve.

Rice. 2 Operating principle of a thermocouple

That is why, when starting the boiler for the first time, you need to hold the ignition button for several seconds - the time during which the thermocouple will have time to heat up and sufficient voltage will arise on it to maintain the gas valve in the open position.

Do not be confused: in the description of the boiler, this automation unit is usually called “gas control”, however, it would be more correct to call this function “flame presence control”, because Other automation components, which we will consider later, can also turn off the gas supply in an emergency.

Boiler thermostat

Thermostat is a device necessary to maintain the set temperature of the coolant. It turns off the boiler when the set temperature is reached and turns on when the temperature drops below the set threshold. The thermostat handle has several modes, each mode corresponds to its own coolant temperature.

Rice. 3 Thermostat

If the boiler is electronically controlled, the temperature can be set using the user terminal and shown on the display.

The thermostat can be considered a device that regulates the operation of the boiler, but it also performs protective functions: protection against overheating and freezing. This is achieved by having the thermostat have upper and lower threshold values. When the coolant temperature reaches the upper emergency threshold, the boiler turns off to avoid overheating. When the lower emergency threshold is reached, the boiler turns on maximum power to prevent the coolant from freezing.

It is worth keeping in mind that if “thermostat” is written in the list of technical characteristics of the boiler, this means the presence of a control thermostat. The overheating protection function is present in any boiler, even if it is not specifically indicated. But frost protection is present only in those boilers where this function is specified in the characteristics.

Traction control

The draft intensity must be sufficient to completely remove combustion products from the room in which the boiler is installed. If there is insufficient draft, combustion products accumulate inside the room, which is dangerous to human health. When the draft control sensor (Fig. 4) is triggered, a control signal is generated to stop the gas supply and turn off the boiler.

Figure 4. Traction control sensor

When installing a heating system, the draft is checked by a technician, but the draft may deteriorate during operation for many reasons (contamination of the exhaust pipe, etc.). Therefore, draft sensors are an important component of the boiler safety system.

Safety valve

Rice. 5 Safety valve

Necessary for releasing excess coolant from the system when its pressure increases above permissible limit. This situation is possible with a sharp increase in the temperature of the water (coolant) in the system. This can lead to damage to the boiler and other components of the heating system. Therefore, it is better to purchase a boiler with a built-in safety valve or install it separately.

Automatic air vent

When a heating system is put into operation, air inevitably gets into it, which can be quite difficult to get rid of. In addition, air can accumulate in the system during operation. It interferes with the normal operation of the heating system, creates noise and bubbling in the pipes. The air vent (Fig. 6) automatically releases all the air accumulated in the heating pipes. It cannot be called a mandatory node, but its presence in the system greatly simplifies the user’s life. Therefore, the best solution would be to choose a boiler with a built-in air vent.

Rice. 6 Air vent

Automatic transition from an external power source to an autonomous one when there is a power outage in the network

This function is only relevant for energy-dependent heating boilers. If the external supply voltage fails, the boiler can be powered for some time from the backup battery. Automatic input of backup power is especially important if the boiler is often left unattended by the owners. For example, in the case of a country house, to which the owners come only on weekends.

After considering the automation modules belonging to the first group, we can draw only one conclusion: you should not skimp on security. When choosing a gas boiler, make sure that it has all the necessary protective functions. If some of the modules are missing, and the boiler with them is much more expensive, find out whether these modules can be delivered to the heating system separately. Perhaps this will allow you to save money.

Automation for convenience

The second group includes modules that allow you to completely or partially relieve the user of participation in the boiler control process. This automation ensures the selection of optimal boiler operating modes, increasing its efficiency and energy saving.

Auto-ignition

A boiler with automatic ignition allows the pilot burner to be ignited automatically. In order to ignite the boiler without automatic ignition, the user usually has to press the piezo ignition button and hold it for a while, after which the igniter burns all the time. In a boiler with automatic ignition, the pilot burner is turned off when it is not needed and automatically turns on when necessary. This makes the boiler more economical and reliable.

Flame modulation

The presence of a flame modulation function allows you to automatically smoothly regulate the boiler power depending on the temperature that needs to be maintained in the room and the current flow of hot water (in the case of a double-circuit boiler). In order for the user to set the desired temperature in the room, the boiler must have a mechanical or electronic (more often) set point. The system must also have a room temperature sensor to provide feedback. You can read more about smooth control in automation systems . This regulation ensures the most economical mode of operation of the boiler.

Boiler autodiagnostics

The Auto Diagnostics module collects data on the operation of all sensors and actuators boiler, generates errors in the event of a malfunction of any of the components and displays them on the display in the form numeric code or in text form. For example:

“Error No. 04 No flame” or “Error No. 06 Temperature sensor error (hot water).”

The “autodiagnostics” module is very useful in diagnosing boiler faults. However, this module is not required. You should not choose a boiler with
“autodiagnostics” if this significantly increases its cost compared to a similar boiler that does not have this module. In the event of a breakdown, you will still have to call a qualified technician to fix the problem. The diagnostic module, of course, will help the technician in his work, but this will not reduce the cost of repairs.

Gas boiler programmer

Rice. 7 Programmer

The programmer allows you to set a schedule of operating modes for a day, a week, etc. This allows you to save energy consumption whenever possible. For example, it is useful to reduce the temperature in the house during the day when everyone is at work or at night to sleep better. Conversely, the boiler can automatically warm up the room when the owners arrive.

External boiler control

This function allows you to organize external control of the boiler, makes it possible to integrate the boiler into systems like “ smart House", organizing remote control and monitoring of key indicators using an external GSM module. This function also usually provides the ability to connect additional equipment (room and outdoor temperature sensors, thermostat, weekly programmer, etc.). If you do not plan to connect external control, there is no point in overpaying for this function.

Household heating units using natural and liquefied gas do not require constant monitoring by users. Combustion and maintenance of the required coolant temperature are monitored by electronic and mechanical units built into any heat generator by the manufacturer. Our task is to explain how automation for a gas boiler works and what types of devices are used in modern water heating installations.

The vast majority of boiler installations of this type are equipped with automatic safety systems that operate without an external power supply (non-volatile). According to the requirements of regulatory documents, automation equipment must shut off the gas supply to the burner and igniter in three emergency cases:

1. Extinction of the main burner flame due to blowing out or for other reasons.
2. When natural draft in the chimney channel is absent or sharply reduced.
3. The drop in natural gas pressure in the main pipeline is below a critical level.

For reference. The implementation of the listed functions is mandatory for gas boilers of all types. Many manufacturers add a fourth level of safety – overheating protection. When the coolant temperature reaches 90 °C, the valve, based on a signal from the sensor, stops supplying gas to the main burner.

IN various models gas systems from different manufacturers, the following types (brands) of non-volatile automation are used:

• Italian blocks EuroSIT (Eurosit) series 630, 710 and 820 NOVA (heating units Lemax, Zhitomir 3, Aton and many others);
• Polish devices "KARE" (heat generators "Danko", "Rivneterm");
• American appliances automatic regulation Honeywell (heaters from the Zhukovsky plant of the “Comfort” line);
• domestic products from ZhMZ, SABK, Orion, Arbat companies.

Fuel supply system in the simplest AOGV devices equipped with ZhMZ valves. The burner is hidden in the lower part of the housing.

We have listed the most common brands of automation, which are often installed on water heating boilers from the same company. For example, the Zhukovsky plant completes budget versions of AOGV devices with its own ZhMZ safety units, medium-sized heat generators price category- EuroSIT devices, and powerful models - Honeywell automatic valves. Let's look at each group separately.

SIT Group brand gas valves

Of all the types of automation found in boiler installations, EuroSIT safety units are the most popular and reliable in operation. They are recommended by companies that supply natural fuels, including for replacing old gas equipment of KChM, AGV boilers, and so on. They work without problems as part of micro-flare burners Polidoro, Iskra, Vakula, Thermo and others.

The exact names of the three models used look like this:

• 630 SIT;
• 710 MiniSIT;
• 820 NOVA.

Connection sockets for thermocouple, main and pilot burners are located on the bottom panel

For reference. SIT Group has ceased production of the 630 and 710 series, considering them obsolete. This has been replaced by new safety automatics for heating boilers - gas valves 820 NOVA, 822 NOVA, 840 SIGMA and 880 Proflame (battery operated). But old products are not difficult to find on sale.

In order not to bore you with the design details of automatic EuroSIT devices, let us briefly explain the operating principle using the example of a simple 630 series unit:

Note. Older automation modifications were not equipped with temperature sensors and ignition units, so matches were required to start the heat generator.

Connection diagram of the automation unit to the gas burner device

A membrane valve, which plays the role of a pressure regulator, is responsible for the normal gas supply in the device. When it falls below a preset value, the fuel channel closes and an emergency shutdown of the boiler occurs. Other situations that lead to refusal include:

1. The burner and the wick heating the thermocouple go out. Voltage generation stops, the solenoid valve closes the fuel passage.
2. If the draft in the chimney suddenly disappears, the sensor placed in this channel overheats and breaks the power supply circuit of the electromagnet. The result is similar - the fuel supply is blocked.
3. In heaters equipped with overheating sensors, the electrical circuit is broken after the water reaches a temperature of 90-95 °C.

Automation for a gas boiler is divided into two main types:

• Non-volatile mechanical structures. They are simple, but at the same time demonstrate high efficiency. Such automation responds to changes in water temperature in the system.
• Volatile electronic devices. This is equipment that operates from an external energy source, be it a network or a generator. This group includes a lot of innovative developments designed to make the boiler your everyday assistant.

Let's look at each of these groups separately.

Mechanical automation

Mechanical automation has a number of advantages. Firstly, this equipment, as already mentioned, is characterized by its simplicity of design. Because of this, it is very reliable and practically does not break. And in case of failure, mechanical automation can be easily repaired or replaced with a new one without significant losses for the family budget.

Secondly, such automation is cheap, which is reflected in the cost of the boiler. It is autonomous in use, since it does not require external power sources to operate.

Mechanical automation for a gas boiler is configured manually. The specialist sets the coolant temperature range. Such automation works on a simple principle. The temperature regulator starts working immediately after ignition and responds to changes in coolant parameters. If the water temperature in the system drops, the automation opens an additional gas supply to the main burner.

The design of the thermostat implies the presence of a rod made of a special material that reacts to a decrease or increase in the temperature of the coolant. In the process of changing the parameters of the coolant, the thermostat lengthens or shortens, while regulating the gas supply to the main burner.

Mechanical automation often comes with a draft and flame sensor. These units are very important for the safe operation of the boiler. They turn off the gas supply if the burner flame goes out or the draft level decreases. Such sensors are often bimetallic plates that change their shape under the influence of temperature, thereby regulating the fuel supply in the system.

Electronic automation

Electronic automation for a gas boiler is distinguished by the complexity of its designs and the variety of functions performed, among which the following are worth noting:

• Creating safe conditions for the operation of heating equipment;
• Ensuring maximum comfort in a heated room;
• Increasing the efficiency of the system;
• Improved environmental performance;
• Programming the boiler operation depending on the time of day or day of the week;
• Weather-dependent regulation of boiler operation;
• Automation of control various contours heating system;
• Heating of coolant for domestic needs.

All modern electronic devices operate on the principle of a solenoid valve, which is controlled by a microprocessor unit. Boilers with such gas automation are equipped with a special display, with the help of which one or another mode is selected. Compliance with the conditions specified by the user will be “monitored” by gas automation for boilers.

The standard list of functions that such equipment performs is as follows:

• Automatic boiler start;
• Burner power control based on information provided by built-in sensors;
• Stopping equipment;
• Emergency stop of equipment in case of detection of a certain problem.

In addition, some manufacturers, in an effort to expand the functionality of the equipment they offer, equip it with an antifreeze system, protection against jamming of the pump and three-way valve, a system for diagnosing problems and pump overrun. Among the most common components of electronic automation for a gas boiler are an electronic controller, gas pressure switch, gas fittings, valves, and a display. In some cases, advanced equipment is equipped with a pressure switch and a water level sensor.

Non-volatile boilers are not as expensive as units equipped with electronics. That is why a potential buyer, before making a final choice, needs to decide what he expects from a gas boiler. If you nevertheless decide to purchase a volatile unit that can give you maximum comfort, then make sure that you can provide the boiler with uninterrupted power supply from the network or from a generator. Otherwise, the equipment simply will not be able to continuously perform its assigned functions.

Types of automation for gas heating boilers

Attention! This system provides the possibility of connecting a room thermostat, with the help of which the set temperature in the heated room is automatically ensured.

The functions of modern automatic control systems have long been not limited to monitoring the start and stop of the boiler, but also effectively provide diagnostics, alarms and power control of the heating installation.

The operation of absolutely any heating equipment is based on a uniform and constant supply of fuel. This is especially true for equipment running on natural gas, since gas pressure problems are obvious in domestic supply networks. That is why it is important that all processes occurring in the boiler, and especially the supply of gas to the burner, are monitored automatically.

What types of automation exist?

All products that are currently produced in the category “automatic control systems for heating boilers” are divided into only two groups, namely:

• Volatile types.
• Non-volatile types.

Volatile ones require 12 V electricity to operate, while the second type works without it.

Volatile automation

Energy-dependent automation for heating gas boilers are electronic devices whose main task is to regulate the supply of natural gas by closing or opening the tap. This device is quite complex, and manufacturers provide it with a number of additional functions. So, what can an automatic electronic network do:

• Visually show the operation of the boiler itself, the temperature of the heated water, and so on.
• In case of a programmed mode or in emergency situations, stop the boiler operation.
• Using the installed temperature sensor, regulate the burner power.
• Start the boiler in automatic mode.
• Open or close the gas supply valve.

• Independently diagnoses heating and identifies faulty parts and elements.
• Protects the heating system in case the three-way valve fails.
• Protects the heating system from freezing. In the event of a sharp drop in temperature inside the house, the automation quickly starts the heating boiler.
• Controls and controls the operation of the pump.

So it turns out that this type is a safety automatic for gas heating boilers. It is the use of these blocks that guarantees that the boiler will operate without surges, smoothly, in compliance with the exact temperature conditions, and will not create problems during long-term use.

Particular attention should be paid to the diagnostic system. Its presence helps prevent serious malfunctions. Accordingly, this allows you to save a lot on major equipment repairs.

Today the market offers various energy-dependent devices. These are both programmable blocks and ordinary ones that do not have program control. The convenience of the former is that you can set the required temperature on a long period time, about a week. By looking at the weather forecast, you can set required temperature for each of the following days, which will allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house. In addition, these blocks allow you to program the temperature for daytime and nighttime.

Non-volatile automation

Non-volatile types of automation include mechanical devices control and regulation of gas combustion in heating boilers. When it is necessary to choose from two groups of automation, many consumers prefer the mechanical option. What is the reason?

• These designs are the cheapest.
• They have manual settings, and this allows even people who are poorly versed in this to understand the regulation.
• Such units are self-contained, since they do not require a network connection to operate. Even if the electricity is turned off for some period, it will be easy to regulate the gas boiler.

What is the essence of manual tuning? The device has a temperature scale from minimum to maximum. When you set the regulator needle to a certain level, you set it to the boiler. After the boiler is ignited, the thermostat comes into play, which will regulate the set temperature level by opening or closing the fuel supply valve.

The thermocouple built into the heat exchanger for a gas boiler directly touches the coolant, and includes a special rod that is made of a material that responds to temperature changes. The main material for it is invar, which is an alloy of nickel and iron. Under the influence of temperature, the rod begins to lengthen or shorten. It is connected to a valve, which, under the influence of this rod, regulates the gas supply to the burner.

Today, manufacturers add two sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

• Flame sensor.
• Traction sensor.

Both devices immediately turn off the gas supply to the boiler if the pressure in the pipe drops sharply, or if the draft in the chimney suddenly drops. The design of these sensors is based on the bending of a thin plate made from an alloy of two metals. For example, if the temperature is high, the plates flex and hold the valve open. As soon as the flame has decreased, the plate straightens and closes the valve. The same thing happens in a chimney with a draft sensor.

Automatic multiblocks

Today, thanks to scientific and technological progress, we can use devices that, despite their compact size, have wide functionality. This also applies to automation for gas boilers. Manufacturers offer users multiblocks that include:

• Burner valve. Typically this device has a two-stage action.
• Gas pressure stabilizing device.
• Traction sensor.
• Thermal sensor.
• Thermostat.
• Combined gas valve.

Pay attention to the first valve. This device works in conjunction with a thermostat, which, using a temperature sensor directly in the heating circuit, controls the temperature of the coolant. A miniblock of this type can work in tandem with a thermostat installed in the room. The thermostat controls the air temperature, and, accordingly, the temperature regime for the gas boiler. The use of such a combination helps to adjust the operation of the heating boiler much more accurately.

Installation methods

• Wireless blocks.
• Wired blocks.

The difference is easy to understand from the name itself. Wired units use wires or cables to connect to the boiler. This applies in particular to thermostats and sensors. If the installation is carried out in an already finished house, this option is not the best, since for installation it will be necessary to make an open or hidden wiring. If the hidden option is chosen, then you will need to trench the walls, which will bring unnecessary costs. Wireless option is much more The best decision, which, however, is more expensive.

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Gas heating boilers are high-risk devices. If used incorrectly or malfunctioning, they can cause poisoning with natural gas, combustion products, a fire or even an explosion. That is why all processes taking place in boiler units must be carried out under constant control, for which gas automation for boilers is responsible.

Design and principle of operation

All components of automation used in heating systems can be divided into two large groups:

1. Devices that ensure correct and safe work boiler equipment.
2. Devices that increase comfort when using the boiler unit.

The safety automatics for gas boilers include:

In some models of boiler equipment, the manufacturer provides for the presence of an air exhaust device. All devices included in the automatic security system are non-volatile or mechanical. If there are actuators and a control controller, they can operate under electronic control.

Automation for comfort provides the owner of the installation with additional functionality: automatic ignition of the burner; self-diagnosis and selection functions optimal mode operation, flame modulation, etc. This type of automation is optional and is not used in some models.

The operating principle of the electronic security system is based on receiving data from sensors, which are processed by a microprocessor-controlled controller. Based on the data received from sensors and sensors, the controller sends commands to the drives of the safety actuators.

We will consider the principle of operation of the mechanical automation of a gas boiler in more detail. The heating system is not working - the gas valve is closed. To start the boiler, the washer on the valve is squeezed out. This operation forcibly opens the valve, gas flows to the igniter. After the igniter is ignited, the thermocouple is heated. It generates enough voltage to operate an electromagnet that holds the gas valve open.

By turning the washer it is established required power boiler: gas with the required pressure enters the burner - ignition occurs from the igniter. After starting the boiler installation, the thermostat takes over control of the coolant temperature.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeK4dSo3B9Y Almost all boiler equipment safety systems work according to this principle, regardless of the brand. When choosing this system for a boiler, it is recommended to pay attention to equipment of the same brand as the boiler. For example, it is best to look for automatic equipment for BOSH gas boilers of this particular brand.

• Gas pressure. If it falls below the permissible value, the fuel supply to the burner is stopped. This happens automatically thanks to a valve mechanism adjusted to a specific fuel pressure. In volatile safety modules, gas pressure control is controlled by maximum and minimum pressure switches. These devices consist of a membrane with a rod. When the fuel pressure increases, the membrane bends and opens the power contacts of the boiler installation. When the pressure normalizes, the power contacts are set to the closed position.
• The presence of a flame in the burner. In the absence of a flame, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing the current necessary to operate the solenoid valve of the gas valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the burner.
• The presence of draft in the smoke exhaust channel. When the thrust decreases, the bimetallic plate of the sensor heats up and changes its shape. The rod connecting the sensor plate to the valve takes it out of operation and the gas supply to the burner stops.
• The temperature of the coolant in the circuit. The thermostat is responsible for preventing overheating and maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the circuit.

Almost all modern security systems are equipped with monitoring sensors and relays for the presence and pressure of coolant in the system. This type automation is most often implemented in volatile systems. Any automation can fail due to poor quality, improper operation and maintenance. Next, you can familiarize yourself with the characteristic malfunctions of the boiler automation and methods for eliminating them yourself.

You should know that independent intervention in the structure gas installations prohibited by law. That is why we strongly recommend that if a malfunction occurs in your heating installation, you contact specialists who have a state certificate to carry out this work.

Stepping away from the topic, we would like to inform you that we have prepared comparative reviews for gas boilers. You can familiarize yourself with them in the following materials:

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The most popular models of safety systems for boiler equipment

Today on Russian market climate control technology More than a dozen automation models from different brands are presented. The popularity of a particular brand depends entirely on the demand for heating units of the same brand. Many owners of domestic boiler equipment ask how the automation works in a Lemax gas boiler? These installations use EvroSit automation from an Italian manufacturer. It is this automation system that is in first place in popularity among domestic producers heating devices.

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EuroSit

Models in this line have good functionality and are easily integrated into almost any boiler design. Standard Features: gas pressure control; monitoring the presence of flame in the burner and on the igniter; control of coolant temperature and chimney draft. Using the automation of this brand does not cause any particular difficulties for owners, but requires some skills.

1. Before starting the device, you must press the adjustment and ignition knob and at the same time the piezoelectric element button.
2. After igniting the igniter, it is necessary to hold the knob pressed for 5 to 10 seconds to heat the thermocouple.
3. If, after releasing the handle, the igniter does not go out, then you can proceed to turning the washer to adjust the gas pressure. After this, the main burner is ignited.

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Honeywell

Automation of this brand is quite widespread in the Russian market of climate control equipment due to its relatively low cost, good functionality and wide model range. Standard functionality: maintaining coolant temperature in the range from 40 to 90°C; control of pressure and fuel supply; automatic stop of the device in the absence or occurrence of a backdraft effect; control over the presence of flame in the burner.

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AOGV

Rostov products today are in demand by domestic users along with European models automation because of its reliability and low cost. The functionality of automatic AOGV systems is also quite rich. The standard capabilities of this technology make it possible to stop the operation of the boiler unit if the following situations occur: the coolant temperature exceeds established level; failure of flame in the igniter and burner; low pressure and lack of coolant in the system; any failure in the gas supply system; fuel pressure drops below established norm; in the absence or insufficient traction. How does the automation of a gas boiler AOGV work? The operation of the gas valve is controlled by the voltage generated by the thermocouple. It is this voltage that acts on the valve coil and keeps it open while the burner is burning. Temperature regulation occurs due to a thermostat and valves, which, when the temperature rises or falls, opens or shuts off the fuel supplied to the burner. The exhaust gas removal is monitored by a draft sensor. Do right choice automation for gas boilers is quite difficult. We strongly recommend seeking professional help.

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All about automation for gas heating boilers

Each system gas heating in a private house or city apartment has individual technical characteristics and features. Gas boilers differ not only in functionality and operating principle, but also in the control system. For safety reasons, all models of gas boilers are equipped with instruments and devices automatic adjustment heating equipment. To get a more complete picture of autonomous heating in the house, you should understand how the gas boiler automation system works, and what types of such devices exist.

A gas heating boiler is a complex engineering product that requires constant attention during operation. Automatic control can provide the necessary control over the boiler operating parameters, making the heating system truly autonomous.

What is automation for a gas boiler? General overview

Automation used for gas boilers are special devices that provide control over the operation of heating equipment after it has been started. The main purpose of automatic control devices is to ensure the safe operation of heating units and maintain optimal temperature conditions in the room.

Based on functionality, automation is divided into two main types:

• volatile devices;
• non-volatile control devices.

The first type - energy-dependent automation, used in autonomous heating systems, has more simple design and works on the residual principle. The temperature sensor signal about temperature changes is sent to the solenoid valve, which closes or opens, cutting off the gas supply to the gas boiler. This type control equipment Almost all heating boilers are equipped.

An example of a non-volatile unit of an automatic safety system for a gas boiler. The second type of automation - non-volatile devices operate based on the physical properties of the substance inside closed loop device. When heated, the substance expands, creating increased pressure inside the device. Under the influence of high pressure, the gas valve is activated, shutting off the gas supply to the combustion chamber. The boiler is turned on in the reverse order. As the temperature decreases, the volume of the substance decreases, as a result of which the pressure in the device decreases. The valve returns to its normal position, allowing gas access to the burner. Such automation devices are used to equip non-volatile gas boilers. Models of automation system units may differ only in the standard set of functions.

Read also: Grounding a gas boiler: how to do it and why?

The principle of operation of automation. Main nodes

Considering the internal structure of automatic safety devices, we can make an unambiguous conclusion that the main design elements are the safety and main valves, which shut off the fuel supply to work area or allowing access to gas into the combustion chamber. All automation for gas heating boilers is built on this action. Differences can only be in the availability of additional functions for automatic adjustment devices and methods of controlling them.

For example: You want to turn on the boiler. Ignition is carried out as a result of gas supply to the ignition burner. This process is controlled solenoid valve. An installed thermocouple, heated by a pilot burner, is capable of heating in a short period of time, only 2-3 s. provide the necessary spark to ignite the gas on the main burner. By releasing the ignition button, you activate the main valve, which supplies gas to the combustion chamber.

The device operates through the interaction of both valves.

When choosing the required air temperature for the heated room, set the regulator to the desired position. The entire process is clearly monitored by a thermostat, which is equipped with sensors that regulate the volume of gas entering the combustion chamber. Thanks to two valves, a shut-off valve and a modeling valve, installed in the thermostat, the gas flow is regulated, and therefore the heating intensity of the boiler. The layout of the main adjustment points on the devices looks something like this.

Note: The heating intensity of boiler equipment can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the operating pressure at the fittings. A conventional membrane can regulate operating pressure domestic gas at the exit. In another situation, you can adjust the gas outlet pressure in the system by manipulating the gas supply screw.

It is necessary to dwell in more detail on what types of automation exist for home gaseous fuel boilers, on what principle the operation of automatic devices is based, and how this affects safety and efficiency autonomous system heating.

Basic automation functions

The main purpose of automation in heating systems is an instant response to changing situations. One of the main tasks of automatic control devices is to stop the supply of gas to the work area. Situations in which it may be necessary to cut off the supply of household gas may be the following:

• bad job exhaust device, deterioration of traction, in which there is a high probability of getting into the interior harmful products combustion;
• sudden changes in operating pressure in the main gas pipeline;
• unauthorized flame extinguishing on the main burner.

In these situations, it is thanks to the automatic control of the gas boiler that the supply is controlled. gas fuel, which ensures the safety of residents. It is for safety reasons that, in accordance with existing standards, it is necessary to equip all old models of gas heating equipment with automatic systems, the standard equipment of which did not include equipping with these devices. As for the latest gas heating units, these are boilers with automation.

For reference: in some cases it is cheaper to install a new boiler than to modernize old system heating, equipping the boiler with automation. The reason lies in the significant design differences between old-style models and modern heating units.

Main article: gas-burner with your own hands.

Which automation is better - mechanical or electronic?

Devices that control the operation of heating equipment can be mechanical or electronic. In budget models of gas boilers, in most cases, a mechanical, manual control option is used. Despite the fact that the level of technical progress has reached unprecedented heights, mechanics remains a reliable and proven tool. Automated safety systems for gas boilers, operating in manual control mode, are an order of magnitude cheaper. The operating principle of most models of manually controlled boilers is simple and understandable for domestic use.

Regulator of coolant supply intensity to the radiator of a water heating system

The automation unit of the mechanical operating principle is easier to maintain and repair. Disassembling such a unit is quite within the capabilities of a specialist - a heating engineer who carries out a preventive inspection of the boiler equipment in your home.

Manual, mechanical control of a gas boiler is independent of the power supply - the home owner independently sets the temperature required to heat the living space, everything else depends on the laws of physics that form the basis of the mechanism’s operation.

For reference: the heat exchanger is equipped with a thermocouple - a mechanism based on a plate combined from two parts - steel and nickel. During the heating process, the plate lengthens, and when cooled, it decreases in length, acting on the valve, which opens or closes the gas supply to the working area. The draft regulator, which is equipped with gas boilers with an open combustion chamber, operates on the same principle. When the temperature rises to a critical level (more than 750C), the bimetallic plate bends, breaking the circuit. When the flame decreases, the plate returns to its natural position. Everything is simple and clear.

A different operating principle is inherent in automation with electronic filling, which does not use physical properties materials and environments, but a fundamentally different way of transmitting a signal to equipment.

Electronic automatic control systems

The most common type of automation used in budget boiler models is an electronic thermostat.

The device is installed indoors and controls heating based on signals from an external temperature sensor located in the current zone of the room. When the temperature drops below the set limit, a signal is sent to the boiler to turn on. When optimal temperature parameters are reached, the sensors transmit a shutdown signal to the system. Room thermostats have gas boilers cable connection.

In this case, the presence of a thermostat ensures the optimal heating temperature of the gas boiler and economical consumption of blue fuel. Today, there are several types of thermostats on sale, differing in functionality, technical characteristics and installation method. Programmable devices ensure that the optimal temperature regime is maintained inside the living space for a given period of time.

Note: some models can automatically control the operation of a gas boiler during the day, while other models of equipment can control the operating unit during the week. Wireless automatic control devices are also produced that allow remote monitoring of the boiler operation. Range of modern remote systems control, depending on the selected model, is 25-100 m.

Conclusion

What is better, mechanical automation or electronic control devices, is decided by the consumer. A good gas boiler can operate successfully both with manual control and with the use of electronic automatic devices.

Modern appliances, which are equipped with all currently existing models of gas boilers, are an integral part of the heating system. Without properly configured automation, not a single gas boiler will operate correctly.

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Types of automation for gas heating boilers

The operation of any heating boiler must be based on a constant and uniform supply of fuel. This is especially true for gas equipment, because problems with gas pressure in domestic supply networks are obvious. That is why it is so important that all processes, and especially the supply of gas to the burner, are monitored by automation for gas heating boilers.

Types of automation

Everything that is produced today in the category “automatic control systems for heating boilers” is divided into two groups:

1. Energy dependent.
2. Non-volatile.

Attention! The first ones operate on electricity with a voltage of 12 V. The second ones do not need any energy.

Energy-dependent automation devices

Energy-dependent automation for gas boilers are electronic devices that mainly regulate the gas supply by opening or closing the tap. This is a rather complex device, which is provided by manufacturers with additional functions. So, what can an electronic automatic network do?

• Close or open the fuel supply valve.
• Start the boiler in automatic mode.
• Adjust the burner power using the installed temperature sensor.
• Stop the boiler operation in case of emergency situations or in case of a programmed mode.
• Show visually how the boiler itself works, to what temperature the water is heated, and so on.

Currently, many manufacturers have gone further, because the requirements for ease of use of gas boilers are increasing. Therefore modern electronic automation can additionally:

• Monitor and control the operation of the pump.
• Protect the heating system from freezing. In this case, the automation can quickly start the heating boiler if there is a sharp drop in temperature inside the house.
• Protect the heating system from failure three way valve.
• Carry out independent heating diagnostics and identify faulty elements and parts.

That is, it turns out that this type is an automatic safety system for gas boilers. It is these electronic components that guarantee that heating device will work smoothly, without surges, maintaining precise temperature conditions, and will not create problems during long-term operation. I would especially like to draw your attention to the diagnostic system. With its help you can prevent major malfunctions. If you don’t warn them in time, you can save a lot of money on carrying out overhaul equipment.
The electronic unit automation

Currently, various automatic energy-dependent devices can be purchased on the market. These can be programmable blocks or regular ones without program control. The first ones are convenient in the sense that it is possible to set the temperature long time. In this case, the range is 1-7 days. Knowing the weather forecast, you can set the temperature for each subsequent day, thereby maintaining comfortable temperature. By the way, with the help of such blocks you can program the day-night temperature.

Non-volatile

This type of automation includes mechanical devices for monitoring and regulating gas combustion processes inside heating boilers. When faced with a choice between two groups of automatic systems, many consumers choose mechanical option. Why?

• Firstly, these are the cheapest designs.
• Secondly, they have manual settings, which allows you to understand the control processes even of people who are farthest from these devices.
• Thirdly, this is the autonomy of the units, because for their operation there is no need to connect to electrical networks. Even if the electricity is turned off for some time, it will be easy to regulate the boiler.

What is the essence of manual tuning? The device has a temperature scale from minimum to maximum. By setting the regulator needle to the temperature you require, you set it for the boiler. Once the boiler is lit, the thermostat comes into play. It is he who will control the temperature you set by closing or opening the gas supply tap. The thermocouple for a gas boiler, built into the heat exchanger, that is, directly touching the coolant, contains a special rod made of a material that quickly responds to temperature changes. Typically, such a rod is made of invar (an alloy of iron and nickel). Under the influence of temperature, the rod increases or decreases in length. It is firmly connected to the valve, which, under its action, regulates the supply of fuel to the burner.

Currently, manufacturers of gas boilers add two sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

1. Traction sensor.
2. Flame sensor.

Both devices immediately turn off the gas supply if the draft in the chimney suddenly drops or the pressure in the chimney suddenly drops gas pipe. Their device is based on the bending of a thin plate made of an alloy of two metals. For example, when high temperature the plate bends and thus holds the valve open. As soon as the flame becomes smaller, the plate comes into a straight state, thereby closing the valve. The same thing happens in a chimney with a draft sensor.

Mechanical automation unit

Automatic multiblocks

Scientific and technological progress today gives us the opportunity to use devices that are compact in size but have great functionality. Automation of gas boilers has not been left behind. Today, manufacturers offer multiblocks, which include:

• Combination type gas valve.
• Thermostat.
• Thermal sensor.
• Traction sensor.
• A device that stabilizes gas pressure.
• Burner valve. Typically this device has a two-stage action.

Pay attention to the first valve. It works in conjunction with a thermostat, which, using a temperature sensor, controls the temperature of the coolant directly in the heating circuit. Such a miniblock can work in tandem with a thermostat that is installed in the room. The latter controls the air temperature, and accordingly the temperature regime of the house. This connection helps to more accurately adjust the operation of a gas heating boiler.

Installation methods

What is the difference? Already from the name itself you can guess that wired automation units are connected to the boiler using cables or wires. This is especially true for temperature sensors and thermostats. Not the best the best option, when it comes to installation in an already finished house. To install them, you will have to do wiring: hidden or open. If you choose a hidden option, you will have to ditch the walls. And these are unnecessary expenses for anyone. The wireless option is the best solution, but it more expensive than the first.

For safe and efficient operation of heating equipment, it is recommended to install an automatic control system. Thus, in case of a power outage, it will continue to work. You do not have to constantly monitor the heating device. Automatic systems for gas boilers can be divided into two types: volatile and non-volatile. Let's consider the principle of operation of automation, types of gas valves and the use of multi-block automation for gas units.

Types of volatile systems and operating principles

In order to avoid dangerous situations, it is recommended to purchase automatic equipment for a gas boiler. It is necessary to close and open the valve electronically. This happens after the temperature sensor gives a signal.

Devices that regulate the temperature in the house and ensure safety include:

1. The daily programmer can program all operations of the heating boiler for 24 hours. After a day has passed, the cycle will repeat. Connect the programmer to heating boiler can be done wirelessly via radio or wired. Using a two-wire cable, you can connect a daily programmer from Saunier Duval, model ExaCONTROL. It is necessary for time programming of the temperature in the circuit for heating water and the temperature of the coolant in the heating circuit.
2. The room thermostat is connected to using a cable. Such a device works on a simple principle: after the temperature reaches the required level, a signal is sent to the gas supply valve, then the boiler turns off. If the temperature drops, the boiler automatically turns on. The electromechanical thermostat SEITRON TAM011MI is produced on the basis of a membrane block filled with gas. The thermostat can be controlled by a temperature sensor. If the temperature has become optimal, the sensor closes or opens the contacts, thus turning the boiler on or off.
3. Weekly wireless programmer. Consider the Auratin 2025 model, which can work between a receiver and a transmitter at a distance. If there are concrete walls, then the distance will be 30 meters, if in open space - 300 meters. The programmer can provide a comfortable temperature in the room due to high accuracy of adjustment. It is convenient to use the device, since the display is backlit and its color can be selected. 6 programs can be configured. You can connect an external temperature sensor, as there is a special connector.

Operating principle of automation for gas boilers

The advantage of a non-volatile system is that no electricity is used during operation. Under the influence of temperature, a geometric change occurs in the control parts and thus the valve is activated.

Old models of non-volatile automation were difficult to regulate. In order to disable the device, it was necessary to use wire or electrical tape, and the safety of the entire heating system was significantly reduced.

This is not the case in modern systems. Therefore, the non-volatile automation 630 Euro Sit is reliable and safe. Main nodes:

1. Pressure regulator.
2. Flame protection system. If the main burner turns off, the gas supply will be automatically blocked.
3. Main and outlet burner filters.
4. Setting device minimum flow gas
5. Control knob with different positions: “ignition”, “off”, “temperature selection”.
6. Fittings that are necessary to control gas flow.
7. A thermostat that has the function of completely shutting off the main burner.

Depending on the choice of the consumer, the gas supply can be from below or from the side.

Types of gas valves

The main element of the automation system is the electromagnetic gas valve. This hydraulic device used to regulate gas flow by transmitting electrical power to the valve coil. The core, which is connected to the valve seat, is drawn into the coil under the influence of electromagnetic forces.

The valve can be of several types depending on the operating position of the seat:

1. Modulating valves are installed on gas boilers with the ability to smoothly change power.
2. Single stage valves. They have only two positions: “open” and “closed”. After power is supplied, the valve takes its extreme position and the full gas consumption for which the boiler is designed occurs.
3. Two-stage valves. This view can be fully opened with a time delay through an intermediate position. Thanks to this design, heating equipment starts smoothly. Single-stage and two-stage valves are used for single-stage burners only.
4. Three stage valves. Such elements can be installed on devices where there are two power levels.

Application of automation multiblocks for gas equipment

Automation manufacturers are already selling ready-made blocks, which consist of a set of instruments. For example, gas automatic systems are produced by companies such as Dungs, SIT and Honneywell.

The Elletrosit automation system includes the following elements:

• Traction sensor;
• Combination gas valve;
• Two-stage burner valve;
• Thermostat with temperature sensor;
• Gas pressure stabilizer;
• Limit thermostat with sensor.

You can turn the stop valve on and off using a thermostat, which controls the temperature of the coolant in the circuit.

In such an automatic system, it is possible to connect a room thermostat, thanks to which you can ensure a comfortable temperature in each room automatically.

Modern automatic control systems for gas boilers can not only control the start and stop of equipment, but also provide alarms, diagnostics, and control the power of the unit.

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