The history of chess goes back at least one and a half thousand years. Invented in India in the 5th-6th centuries, chess spread almost throughout the world, becoming an integral part of human culture. There is an ancient legend that attributes the creation of chess to a certain Brahmin. For his invention, he asked the rajah for an insignificant, at first glance, reward: as many wheat grains as would be on the chessboard if one grain was placed on the first square, two grains on the second, four grains on the third, etc. It turned out , that there is no such amount of grain on the entire planet (it is equal to 264 − 1 ≈ 1.845 × 1019 grains, which is enough to fill a storage facility with a volume of 180 km³). It’s hard to say whether it was true or not, but one way or another, India is the birthplace of chess. No later than the beginning of the 6th century, the first known game related to chess, chaturanga, appeared in northwestern India. It already had a completely recognizable “chess” appearance, but it was fundamentally different from modern chess in two features: there were four players, not two (they played pairs against pairs), and moves were made in accordance with the results of throwing dice. Each player had four pieces (chariot (rook), knight, bishop, king) and four pawns. The knight and king moved the same way as in chess, the chariot and bishop were much weaker than the current chess rook and bishop. There was no queen at all. To win the game, it was necessary to destroy the entire enemy army. The transformation of chess into an international sport Since the 16th century, chess clubs began to appear, where amateurs and semi-professionals gathered, often playing for a monetary stake. Over the next two centuries, the spread of chess led to the emergence of national tournaments in most European countries. Chess publications are published, at first sporadic and irregular, but over time they become increasingly popular. The first chess magazine "Palamed" began to be published in 1836 by the French chess player Louis Charles Labourdonnais. In 1837, a chess magazine appeared in Great Britain, and in 1846 in Germany. In the 19th century, international matches (since 1821) and tournaments (since 1851) began to be held. At the first such tournament, held in London in 1851, Adolf Andersen won. It was he who became the unofficial “chess king,” that is, the one who was considered the strongest chess player in the world. Subsequently, this title was challenged by Paul Morphy (USA), who won the match in 1858 with a score of +7-2=2, but after Morphy left the chess scene in 1859, Andersen again became the first, and only in 1866 Wilhelm Steinitz won the match against Andersen with a score of +8- 6 and became the new “uncrowned king.” The first world chess champion to officially bear this title was the same Wilhelm Steinitz, defeating Johann Zuckertort in the first match in history, in the agreement of which the expression “world championship match” appeared. Thus, a system of title succession was established: the new world champion was the one who won the match against the previous one, while the current champion reserved the right to agree to the match or reject the opponent, and also determined the conditions and location of the match. The only mechanism capable of forcing a champion to play a challenger was public opinion: if an admittedly strong chess player for a long time could not obtain the right to a match with the champion, this was seen as a sign of the champion’s cowardice and he, saving face, was forced to accept the challenge. Typically, the match agreement provided for the champion's right to a rematch if he lost; a victory in such a match returned the championship title to the previous owner. In the second half of the 19th century, time control began to be used in chess tournaments. At first, an ordinary hourglass was used for this (the time per move was limited), which was quite inconvenient, but soon the English amateur chess player Thomas Bright Wilson (T.B. Wilson) invented a special chess clock that made it possible to conveniently implement a time limit for the entire game or for a certain number of moves . Time control quickly became part of chess practice and soon began to be used everywhere. By the end of the 19th century, official tournaments and matches without time control were practically no longer held. Simultaneously with the advent of time control, the concept of “time pressure” appeared. Thanks to the introduction of time control, special forms of chess tournaments with a greatly shortened time limit arose: “fast chess” with a limit of about 30 minutes per game for each player and “blitz” - 5-10 minutes. However, they became widespread much later. Chess in the 20th century At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, the development of chess in Europe and America was very active, chess organizations became larger, and more and more international tournaments were held. In 1924, the International Chess Federation (FIDE) was created, initially organizing the World Chess Olympiads. Until 1948, the system of succession of the world champion title that had developed in the 19th century was preserved: the challenger challenged the champion to a match, the winner of which became the new champion. Until 1921, the champion remained Emanuel Lasker (the second, after Steinitz, official world champion, who won this title in 1894), from 1921 to 1927 - Jose Raul Capablanca, from 1927 to 1946 - Alexander Alekhine (in 1935 Alekhine lost the world championship match to Max Euwe, but In 1937, in a rematch, he regained the title and held it until his death in 1946). After the death of Alekhine in 1946, who remained undefeated, FIDE took over the organization of the world championship. The first official world chess championship was held in 1948, the winner was the Soviet grandmaster Mikhail Botvinnik. FIDE introduced a system of tournaments to win the champion title: the winners of the qualifying stages advanced to the zonal tournaments, the winners of the zonal competitions advanced to the interzonal tournament, and the holders of the best results in the latter took part in the candidate tournament, where a series of knockout games determined the winner, who was to play the match against the reigning champion. The formula for the title match changed several times. Now the winners of zonal tournaments participate in a single tournament with the best (rated) players in the world; the winner becomes world champion. The Soviet chess school played a huge role in the history of chess, especially in the second half of the 20th century. The wide popularity of chess, active, targeted teaching of it and the identification of capable players from childhood (a chess section, a children's chess school was in every city of the USSR, there were chess clubs at educational institutions, enterprises and organizations, tournaments were constantly held, a large amount of specialized literature was published) contributed to high level of play of Soviet chess players. Attention to chess was shown at the highest level. The result was that from the late 1940s until the collapse of the USSR, Soviet chess players virtually reigned supreme in world chess. Of the 21 chess Olympiads held from 1950 to 1990, the USSR team won 18 and became a silver medalist in another; of the 14 chess Olympiads for women during the same period, 11 were won and 2 silvers were taken. Of the 18 draws for the title of world champion among men over 40 years, only once the winner was a non-Soviet chess player (this was the American Robert Fischer), and twice more the contender for the title was not from the USSR (and the contender also represented the Soviet chess school, it was Viktor Korchnoi, fled from the USSR to the West). In 1993, Garry Kasparov, who was the world champion at that time, and Nigel Short, who became the winner of the qualifying round, refused to play another world championship match under the auspices of FIDE, accusing the federation leadership of unprofessionalism and corruption. Kasparov and Short formed a new organization, the PSA, and played the match under its auspices. There was a split in the chess movement. FIDE deprived Kasparov of the title, the title of world champion according to FIDE was played between Anatoly Karpov and Jan Timman, who at that time had the highest chess rating after Kasparov and Short. At the same time, Kasparov continued to consider himself a “real” world champion, since he defended the title in a match with a legitimate contender - Short, and part of the chess community was in solidarity with him. In 1996, the PCA ceased to exist as a result of the loss of a sponsor, after which the PCA champions began to be called “world classical chess champions.” In essence, Kasparov revived the old system of title transfer, when the champion himself accepted the challenge of the challenger and played a match with him. The next “classical” champion was Vladimir Kramnik, who won a match against Kasparov in 2000 and defended the title in a match with Peter Leko in 2004. Until 1998, FIDE continued to play out the champion title in the traditional manner (Anatoly Karpov remained the FIDE champion during this period), but from 1999 to In 2004, the format of the championship changed dramatically: instead of a match between a challenger and a champion, the title began to be played out in a knockout tournament, in which the current champion had to participate on a general basis. As a result, the title constantly changed hands and five champions changed in six years. In general, in the 1990s, FIDE made a number of attempts to make chess competitions more dynamic and interesting, and therefore attractive to potential sponsors. First of all, this was expressed in the transition in a number of competitions from the Swiss or round-robin system to the knockout system (in each round there is a match of three knockout games). Since the knockout system requires an unambiguous outcome of the round, additional games of rapid chess and even blitz games have appeared in the tournament regulations: if the main series of games with regular time control ends in a draw, an additional game is played with a shortened time control. Complicated time control schemes began to be used, protecting against severe time pressure, in particular, the “Fischer clock” - time control with addition after each move. The last decade of the 20th century in chess was marked by another important event - computer chess reached a high enough level to surpass human chess players. In 1996, Garry Kasparov lost a game to a computer for the first time, and in 1997, he also lost a match to the computer Deep Blue by one point. The avalanche-like growth in computer productivity and memory capacity, combined with improved algorithms, led to the emergence of publicly available programs by the beginning of the 21st century that could play at the grandmaster level in real time. The ability to connect to them pre-accumulated databases of debuts and tables of small-figure endings further increases the strength of the machine’s play and completely eliminates the danger of making a mistake in a known position. Now the computer can effectively advise a human chess player even at the highest level of competitions. The consequence of this was changes in the format of high-level competitions: tournaments began to use special measures to protect against computer hints, in addition, the practice of postponing games was completely abandoned. The time allotted to the game was reduced: if in the middle of the 20th century the norm was 2.5 hours for 40 moves, then by the end of the century it decreased to 2 hours (in other cases - even 100 minutes) for 40 moves. Current state and prospects After the unification match Kramnik - Topalov in 2006, FIDE's monopoly on holding the world championship and awarding the title of world chess champion was restored. The first “unified” world champion was Vladimir Kramnik (Russia), who won this match. Until 2013, the world champion was Viswanathan Anand, who won the 2007 world championship. In 2008, a rematch took place between Anand and Kramnik, Anand retained his title. In 2010, another match was held, in which Anand and Veselin Topalov took part; Anand again defended the title of champion. In 2012, a match was held in which Anand and Gelfand took part; Anand defended his championship title in a tiebreaker. In 2013, Anand lost the world champion title to Magnus Carlsen, who won the match ahead of schedule with a score of 6½: 3½. The formula for the championship title is being adjusted by FIDE. In the last championship, the title was played out in a tournament with the participation of the champion, four winners of the candidate tournament and three personally selected players with the highest rating. However, FIDE has also retained the tradition of holding personal matches between a champion and a challenger: according to existing rules, a grandmaster with a rating of 2700 or higher has the right to challenge the champion to a match (the champion cannot refuse), subject to the provision of funding and compliance with deadlines: the match must be completed no later than six months before the start of the next world championship. The progress of computer chess mentioned above has become one of the reasons for the growing popularity of non-classical chess variants. Since 2000, Fischer chess tournaments have been held, in which the initial arrangement of pieces is chosen randomly before the game from 960 options. In such conditions, the huge array of opening variations accumulated by chess theory becomes useless, which, as many believe, has a positive effect on the creative component of the game, and when playing against a machine, it noticeably limits the advantage of the computer in the opening stage of the game.
With. Vershino-Rybnoye, Partizansky District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, USSR
Gennady Arkhipovich Aidaev(b. April 15, 1950, village Vershino-Rybnoye, Partizansky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory) - Russian statesman, head of administration (mayor) of the city of Ulan-Ude - the capital of the Republic of Buryatia (-).
Biography
Comes from the Ashabaghat tribe. Baptized in the Irkutsk Orthodox Church.
1973-1976 - Chairman of the trade union committee.
1976-1980 - senior foreman, chief technologist of a pilot plant for art products and souvenirs.
1980-1991 - party work in positions from deputy secretary of the party committee of the Ulan-Ude railway junction to first secretary of the Soviet district committee of the CPSU of the city of Ulan-Ude.
1991-1994 - head of the administration of the Sovetsky district of Ulan-Ude.
Since 1994 - deputy, since 1996 - chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the People's Khural
In March 1998, he was elected mayor of Ulan-Ude on an alternative basis (his main rival was Viktor Kukshinov).
In June 2002, he was re-elected for a second term, gaining 78.19% of the votes.
In the mayoral elections of the capital of Buryatia held on December 2, 2007, he received more than 43% of the votes and became mayor of the city for the 3rd time (his main rival was Alexander Tolstoukhov).
Education, academic degrees and titles
- (1973)
- Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (1995)
- Doctor of Economic Sciences
- professor emeritus
- Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Engineering
- No information available.
Awards, honorary titles
- Order of the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh, II degree
- Order of Merit of the All-Russian Union of Afghanistan Veterans
- Order of Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky II and III degrees
- Honorary Citizen of the Republic of Buryatia
- Honorary Citizen of Yamagata City (Japan) (1999)
- Honorary Citizen of Darkhan City (Mongolia)
- National Public Award named after. Peter the Great
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Excerpt characterizing Aidaev, Gennady Arkhipovich
Dimmer started to play. Natasha silently, on tiptoe, walked up to the table, took the candle, took it out and, returning, quietly sat down in her place. It was dark in the room, especially on the sofa on which they were sitting, but through the large windows the silver light of the full moon fell onto the floor.“You know, I think,” Natasha said in a whisper, moving closer to Nikolai and Sonya, when Dimmler had already finished and was still sitting, weakly plucking the strings, apparently indecisive to leave or start something new, “that when you remember like that, you remember, you remember everything.” , you remember so much that you remember what happened before I was in the world...
“This is Metampsic,” said Sonya, who always studied well and remembered everything. – The Egyptians believed that our souls were in animals and would go back to animals.
“No, you know, I don’t believe it, that we were animals,” Natasha said in the same whisper, although the music had ended, “but I know for sure that we were angels here and there somewhere, and that’s why we remember everything.” ...
-Can I join you? - said Dimmler, who approached quietly and sat down next to them.
- If we were angels, then why did we fall lower? - said Nikolai. - No, this cannot be!
“Not lower, who told you that lower?... Why do I know what I was before,” Natasha objected with conviction. - After all, the soul is immortal... therefore, if I live forever, that’s how I lived before, lived for all eternity.
“Yes, but it’s hard for us to imagine eternity,” said Dimmler, who approached the young people with a meek, contemptuous smile, but now spoke as quietly and seriously as they did.
– Why is it difficult to imagine eternity? - Natasha said. - Today it will be, tomorrow it will be, it will always be and yesterday it was and yesterday it was...
- Natasha! now it's your turn. “Sing me something,” the countess’s voice was heard. - That you sat down like conspirators.
- Mother! “I don’t want to do that,” Natasha said, but at the same time she stood up.
All of them, even the middle-aged Dimmler, did not want to interrupt the conversation and leave the corner of the sofa, but Natasha stood up, and Nikolai sat down at the clavichord. As always, standing in the middle of the hall and choosing the most advantageous place for resonance, Natasha began to sing her mother’s favorite piece.
She said that she did not want to sing, but she had not sung for a long time before, and for a long time since, the way she sang that evening. Count Ilya Andreich, from the office where he was talking with Mitinka, heard her singing, and like a student, in a hurry to go play, finishing the lesson, he got confused in his words, giving orders to the manager and finally fell silent, and Mitinka, also listening, silently with a smile, stood in front of count. Nikolai did not take his eyes off his sister, and took a breath with her. Sonya, listening, thought about what a huge difference there was between her and her friend and how impossible it was for her to be even remotely as charming as her cousin. The old countess sat with a happily sad smile and tears in her eyes, occasionally shaking her head. She thought about Natasha, and about her youth, and about how there was something unnatural and terrible in this upcoming marriage of Natasha with Prince Andrei.
Dimmler sat down next to the countess and closed his eyes, listening.
“No, Countess,” he said finally, “this is a European talent, she has nothing to learn, this softness, tenderness, strength...”
- Ah! “how I’m afraid for her, how afraid I am,” said the countess, not remembering who she was talking to. Her maternal instinct told her that there was too much of something in Natasha, and that this would not make her happy. Natasha had not yet finished singing when an enthusiastic fourteen-year-old Petya ran into the room with the news that the mummers had arrived.
Natasha suddenly stopped.
- Fool! - she screamed at her brother, ran up to the chair, fell on it and sobbed so much that she could not stop for a long time.
“Nothing, Mama, really nothing, just like this: Petya scared me,” she said, trying to smile, but the tears kept flowing and sobs were choking her throat.
Dressed up servants, bears, Turks, innkeepers, ladies, scary and funny, bringing with them coldness and fun, at first timidly huddled in the hallway; then, hiding one behind the other, they were forced into the hall; and at first shyly, and then more and more cheerfully and amicably, songs, dances, choral and Christmas games began. The Countess, recognizing the faces and laughing at those dressed up, went into the living room. Count Ilya Andreich sat in the hall with a radiant smile, approving of the players. The youth disappeared somewhere.
Half an hour later, an old lady in hoops appeared in the hall between the other mummers - it was Nikolai. Petya was Turkish. Payas was Dimmler, hussar was Natasha and Circassian was Sonya, with a painted cork mustache and eyebrows.
After condescending surprise, lack of recognition and praise from those not dressed up, the young people found that the costumes were so good that they had to show them to someone else.
In 1998, the Accounts Chamber of the People's Khural of Buryatia, headed at that time by Gennady Aidaev, “did not detect” the squandering of 750 kilograms of gold transferred to the government of Buryatia in the form of a “gold loan.”
Almost 10 years ago, early in the morning of March 16, 1998, in the courtyard of a five-story building on the street. Pristanskaya, which is located near the pre-trial detention center, a medium-height, overweight 50-year-old man came out. He swayed a lot. Finally the man burped and screamed with all his might. He shouted that he “made everyone” and “defeated everyone.” "Yes sir"! The prisoners, many of whom jumped up sleepily from their bunks at this roar, cursed and sent him to hell. The inhabitants of the residential building probably thought that it was some drunkard bawling, excited by the dirty election campaign for the mayor of Ulan-Ude, which took place the day before on Sunday. And that you shouldn’t pay special attention to it. They were wrong. After all, the townspeople very quickly noticed how then everything quickly changed in Ulan-Ude. And not for the best.
Transformation
Almost ten years have passed since Gennady Aidaev unexpectedly became the head of the administration of Ulan-Ude. An amazing fact that will be the subject of our analysis. Today, many who knew him from the old Soviet times are surprised at what dramatic changes have occurred in this man. After all, Gennady Aidaev not only signs documents in capital letters MER. He even walks now as if he is CARRYING THE BODY of a very large BOSS!
But ten years ago, Gennady Aidaev was just a mid-level official, heading the Accounts Chamber of the People's Khural, one of the divisions of the Buryat parliament. With a staff of ten people. Then Gennady Arkhipych wore a shabby sheepskin coat, drove an old Volga and lived in a five-story building next to an institution with barbed wire - a republican pre-trial detention center.
Now he is seen driving Lexuses and jeeps, and they even slander him that he is “the richest Buryat in the world.” He moved away from the unpleasant neighborhood with prisoners and lives in a luxurious mansion with a swimming pool, which now does not smell, excuse me... of feces due to the old sewage pumping station, which was once located near his mansion and could not cope with the heavy load. Everything that is called a “bundle” - they built a new KNS-ku at the budget expense and Gennady Arkhipych splashes in warm and clean water in the evenings, pampering his well-fed body.
The miraculous transformation of a middling official into a mayor was largely due to an incredible coincidence of circumstances. In order to understand the reasons for Aidaev’s jump through several career steps, let’s take an excursion into history.
Springboard to power
In fact, Aidaev once worked on the farm, when he was the first secretary of the Soviet district committee of the CPSU. Then, after the collapse of the Communist Party, the communist Aidaev moved to the chair of the head of the administration of the same region. In 1995, Valery Shapovalov, a former KGB officer who presumably had reasons not to work with the head of the Sovetsky district, won the city mayor elections. Gennady Aidaev leaves his position and moves to the chair of the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the People's Khural of Buryatia.
Six months after his appointment, Gennady Aidaev understands that this position can become a springboard to power. If you choose the right moment. And he comes.
In 1997, a huge scandal erupted in Buryatia related to the spending of “gold loan” funds. 750 kg of gold, issued to the government of the Republic of Belarus in the mid-90s to support the gold mining industry, were used for other purposes. Even the officials themselves admitted this. For example, the control department of the President of the Republic of Belarus wrote that “during the audit, it was established that there was no control over the use of the received “gold” loan.”
Particular questions were raised by the fact that the gold was deposited in MAPO-Bank, which played a separate role in this story. So, in 1995, for several months, part of the “gold loan” in the amount of 2.8 million US dollars lay on the account of the government of the Republic of Belarus in the MAPO-Bank JSCB without movement and the republic was forced to pay interest... for finding a loan in a Moscow bank .
Deputies of the People's Khural of the Republic of Belarus raised the question of the effectiveness of using the “gold loan,” and the government of the Republic of Belarus, finding itself on the verge of a severe crisis and the resignation of the cabinet, was forced to renew the agreement with MAPO-Bank.
Today we can only acknowledge the enormous merit of Vladimir Saganov and Viktor Kukshinov, who raised the question of the effectiveness of using the “gold loan” and its location in MAPO Bank, which played in the GKO pyramid. After which he got burned and owed huge sums to creditors. In 2000, MAPO Bank's banking license was revoked. The chairman of the board of this bank, Evgeny Ananyev, was put on the international wanted list.
Position fraught with resignation
Deputies of the People's Khural entrust the audit of the “golden loan” to the Accounts Chamber. For a very long time, many months, the auditors of the joint venture check the expenditure of the “gold loan” funds. Deputies are waiting for revelations, waiting for confirmation that they are right regarding the squandering of the loan or its ineffective use. People around Leonid Potapov are preparing for the worst. If auditors confirm the deputies' suspicions, this could be the end of the president's career. After all, the People's Khural of that time is not the current compromise parliament. The 1997-style parliament, in which ex-Prime Minister Vladimir Saganov played a strong role, has once already led to an actual expression of no confidence. If the auditors had shown the true picture of how the “gold loan” was spent, then Potapov’s chances of being re-elected in June 1998 would have been very slim. Especially considering that the city mayoral elections were approaching.
Potapov’s rival, Valery Shapovalov, was actually dealt with by the state apparatus and the mayor’s position was vacant. But the influential ex-mayor of the city, Viktor Kukshinov, was seriously counting on this post. Leonid Potapov did not like Kukshinov, who had close relations with his rival, the director of LVRZ Alexander Korenev. Therefore, Potapov bet on another person...
Hey mayor!
This is what the former head of the Zabaikalles concern Viktor Tugutov said:
“In January 1998, Leonid Potapov and I flew to Boston (USA) for one of the economic forums. It was clear that the president had been nervous all day, was very worried about something, as if he was waiting for something. Late in the evening, when we were sitting in his hotel room, a call came from Ulan-Ude.
The President immediately grabbed the phone and blushed with tension. - “Hello, Gennady Arkhipovich!” - the president briefly greeted the person on the other end of the line and immediately got down to business - “How is our question being resolved?” Then he asked again: “Have you done everything as necessary?” “Yes, we’ll leave it at that!” Then he hung up.
Potapov’s mood changed beyond recognition, he was cheerful, joked and was in a great mood for the rest of the day.”
Only after arriving from America, Tugutov learned that Gennady Aidaev’s auditors did not find any compromising material, only minor violations.
A loan that will never be repaid
By the way, if today we return once again to the topic of the “gold loan”, then we can already conclude that the loan will never be returned! You cannot return something that no longer exists. Physically, only part of the gold remains. The rest is included in the debts and obligations of the gold mining cooperatives that received loans, which have already gone bankrupt and for which five criminal cases have been opened today. The “Golden Loan” was repeatedly extended and has not yet been returned to the Gokhran of the Russian Federation.
By the way, in 2002, the Accounts Chamber of Russia revealed gross violations in the use of “gold loans” allocated to a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Here's what the auditors wrote in their official report:
“The main debtors for overdue debt are the government of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the administration of the Magadan Region, the Government of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Government of the Republic of Buryatia, JSC Vasilyevsky Mine and others.”
By the way, according to the GUBEP, which is investigating the murder of Magadan Region Governor Valentin Tsvetkov in 2002 in Moscow, the main version of the governor’s liquidation was his return to the state treasury of the so-called “golden loan” issued by Gokhran to the regional administration back in 1995. According to the GUBEP of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, “Governor Tsvetkov took active measures to return these funds, putting pressure on commercial structures that did not want to repay their debts and took out funds from the “gold loan.”
So all these “gold loans” were shrouded in an ominous fog. And Buryatia is no exception.
Mayoral campaign and “muzzle makers”
Thus, no matter what they say, between Leonid Potapov and Gennady Aidaev, given the importance of the political moment, in the late 90s not a simple spark, but a “golden one” could have flashed. Perhaps it was then that the president realized that Aidaev was his own man. In January 1998, according to some sources, Leonid Potapov gathers the state apparatus, prosecutor Makeevsky and the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus Kalashnikov and declares that he has already made his choice and this man is Gennady Aidaev! With this attitude, the state apparatus went to March 15, 1998 - the mayoral elections.
It was obviously beneficial for the president that the city “take” Aidaev in order to strengthen his position in the June presidential elections. In order for the elections to be as efficient as possible, the apparatus is given the task of finding a team of polytechnologists. The then head of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus, Bair Balzhirov, while studying at the Russian Academy of Public Administration, met image maker Alexander Goransky (Kolesnikov) and his Image-Contact office and brought him to Ulan-Ude. A team of “muzzle makers” also arrives with Goransky. They are launching an unprecedented campaign to discredit Aidaev’s main rivals in numerous free newspapers “Completely free”, “Our choice”, “Everything for you”.
Everything for you, Gennady Arkhipych! The candidates were doused with mud up to their ears. Buryatia has never seen anything like this! It was a real shock. The city still remembers: when the televised debates of mayoral candidates began on BGTRK, almost all of its participants demonstratively left the television studio, declaring that they would not sit at the same table with candidate Aidaev.
Paid in cash
The claim to the Soviet Court of Ulan-Ude by candidate Igor Mikhalev in particular reported: “G.A. Aidaev and his support group committed numerous violations of the Federal Law “On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation”, the Law of the Republic of Belarus " On elections of local self-government bodies." Thus, he significantly exceeded the limit established by Article 31 of the Law of the Republic of Belarus for spending funds on the election campaign."
The grossest facts of violation of electoral legislation - overspending of the electoral fund - were established and recorded. In addition to this violation, it was established that funds were spent on printing products in cash. Thus, OJSC Buryat Airlines, AKB Rus-Bank, CJSC Irkut and other organizations paid for the rental of TV commercials, leaflets and publications in newspapers. Particularly touching is the data from the accounting department of the Federal Border Guard Service of the Republic of Belarus: “For distributing leaflets G.A. Aidaev under p/o No. 51 dated 03/02/1998 accepted in cash from G.A. Aidaeva 800 rubles.”
Aidaev liked it
However, the court, recognizing that there were violations, and very serious ones, nevertheless did not cancel the election results, citing the fact that “they did not influence the will of voters.” And how could they “influence” if they had already made their choice at the very top!
Viktor Kukshinov said later that he was ABSOLUTELY sure that the gross, unprecedented violations of the electoral legislation would lead to the cancellation of the election results. However, they didn’t bring me. The prosecutor "found no violations."
But even with the unprecedented use of administrative resources, everything hung in the balance. Therefore, in recent days, the “mordodels” have gone into what is called “lawlessness.” A few hours before the end of the campaign time, the BGTRK channel showed an hour-long film “Our Choice,” where candidates Viktor Kukshinov and Igor Mikhalev were compared almost to criminals, and Gennady Aidaev was called a “crystal honest” candidate.
The next day, Saturday, when all campaigning was prohibited under federal law, the President of the Republic of Belarus Leonid Potapov spoke at the BGTRK and also called on voters to vote “for a crystal honest” person.
But even with all this, Gennady Aidaev received only 35 thousand votes. Less than a tenth of the total number of residents of Ulan-Ude. Therefore, it is not surprising that many people were dumbfounded and asked each other - did you vote for Aidaev? No. How did he go then? A very “legitimate” victory.
One of the image makers who worked as part of a Moscow team of political strategists recalls how his image was formed.
For example, Gennady Aidaev was initially afraid to be photographed and avoided communicating with large groups of voters. Then they conducted a training, and almost immediately Aidaev got the hang of it - he began to speak in a way that you can’t always stop.
“Once on the set, Aidaev was thickly painted with red lipstick, her eyes were lined and her eyelashes were painted with mascara,” recalls the image maker. - I told the guys - what are you doing? Based on his sexual orientation, what might people think? And they - it’s necessary, the candidate wants to look beautiful. So they removed him. And even in the printed leaflets it is clear that there was too much paint. But Aidaev... liked it.”
“Defense” of student Serezha
Image makers launched Aidaev's campaign under several slogans. For example, “No to school and university racketeering!”
Today, some provisions of his program read like crazy. So, from the posters Aidaev called for the deployment of... in schools. witness protection program. Hide schoolchildren, change their appearance, take them to other regions, saving them from racketeers? Perhaps this is what was meant.
By the way, Aidaev’s son, Sergei, could tell a lot about the university racketeering that flourished at BSU, where he was then studying. In 1997-1998 a number of students, including classmates of Sergei Aidaev, were in the operational development of the Organized Crime Control Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, as active participants in an organized “sports” group. At the same time, a number of students were detained by the Organized Crime Control Department for racketeering when they extorted bribes from minibus drivers on Banzarov Square.
There were rumors that Sergei Aidaev was often seen in one of the companies of sports department students who were involved in racketeering. By the way, the high-ranking daddy, as soon as he sat down in the mayor’s chair, chose to transfer his son away from Ulan-Ude and rumors - to Moscow. To the tax police academy (?!). Maybe this is what Aidaev meant when he talks about the “witness” protection program.
By the ears of voters
“No to predatory housing and communal services reform!” - another populist slogan launched by Gennady Aidaev. Think about what G.A. called on voters to do in 1998. Aidaev!
“Before carrying out housing and communal services reform in Ulan-Ude,” writes Gennady Arkhipovich, it is first necessary:
Completely renovate all outdated housing stock.
- Improve courtyard areas and entrances of houses in Ulan-Ude
- And the main thing is to provide work to city enterprises in order to improve the well-being of people!
Today, these pieces of paper are not even suitable for their intended use in the toilet. A few years later, Gennady Aidaev, while serving as mayor, called on city council deputies to increase housing and communal services tariffs by 40%, and then by 67%.
Ordinary people experienced the housing and communal services reform in the city, which became both predatory and unfair. Rent in Ulan-Ude broke the record for Siberia, far surpassing both the Irkutsk and Chita regions. And how many jobs have been lost as a result of criminal, deliberate bankruptcies - it’s impossible to count!
In general, candidate Aydaev’s leaflets promised voters a lot of things, but after two terms of government, these things were never done. “Improve the streets, repair all roads in the city, establish normal street lighting.”
So it was promised to complete the construction of a school in Oreshkovo - but it was not done. The promise to build new schools in Soldatskoe and Istok has not been made. Candidate Aidaev promised to “introduce free travel for pensioners on all types (!) of public transport.” Simply a masterpiece of populism!
Thus, Gennady Aidaev, having begun his path to the mayor’s chair through the “investigation” of the “gold loan”, took advantage of the political situation, and in the conditions of financial violations of the electoral legislation and the deployment of a campaign by a team of Moscow image makers to discredit his main rivals, he came to power in the city of Ulan -Ude. Readers know how he used his power.
"My newspaper"
Mayor of Ulan-Ude.
In 1973 he graduated from the East Siberian Technological Institute (Ulan-Ude), in 1995 - the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation (Moscow), Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Moscow State Aviation Institute, Corresponding Member of the International Engineering Academy.
1973-1976 - Chairman of the trade union committee of the East Siberian Technological Institute.
1976-1980 - senior foreman, chief technologist of a pilot plant for art products and souvenirs.
from 1980 to 1991 - party work in positions from instructor to first secretary of the district committee of the CPSU.
1991-1994 - head of the administration of the Sovetsky district of Ulan-Ude.
Since 1994 - deputy, since 1996 - chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia (now the Accounts Chamber of the Republic of Buryatia).
In March 1998, he was elected mayor of Ulan-Ude on an alternative basis, in June 2002 he was re-elected for a second term. .
Honored Economist of the Republic of Buryatia (1991).
Honorary Citizen of Yamagata City (Japan) (1999).
Awarded the medal “For saving drowning people” (1993).