Moisture is the main threat to building structures from any material. It is for protection against moisture that modern waterproofing materials are used. We will consider everything existing species waterproofing and will help you choose the best option.

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Why is waterproofing needed and the basic requirements for it?

Water has the ability to penetrate almost all building materials and destroy them. The components of the solutions lose their bonds, the wood swells and rots. Freeze and thaw cycles also play a role. The strongest ice breaks. That is why it is so important to protect structures from atmospheric and ground moisture. Waterproofing materials are fabrics and compounds to prevent the penetration of moisture.

Waterproofing materials must meet several basic requirements:

• do not let or absorb water;
• do not form condensation;
• have high strength and elasticity;
• be resistant to high and low temperatures;
• don't be afraid of straight lines sun rays and other natural influences.

Almost all modern waterproofing products meet these requirements; all that remains is to choose them correctly in accordance with the specifics of the design.

Types and properties of modern waterproofing materials

Builders classify waterproofing according to several criteria. Depending on the place of application, protection can be external or internal. The external one is placed on and on the outer part of the building, respectively, on the internal surfaces of walls and partitions.

Another gradation is for a specific purpose. There are anti-pressure insulation and non-pressure insulation. Anti-pressure is used for covering, protecting walls and against groundwater. Gravity, for example, protects buildings from the inside.

Waterproofing can be different in composition: bitumen, polymer, tar, rubber and mineral.

Types of waterproofing materials are distinguished by their installation technology. They are divided into adhesive (and canvas), and coating, injection.

It is difficult to say definitively which type of waterproofing is better than others. Let's look at different technologies for their application; in most cases, this factor is decisive when choosing.

Rolled roofing waterproofing material and the advantages of its use

To make roll materials, they take a base - fiberglass or non-woven polyester - and apply natural or polymer bitumen to it. Sprinkle waterproofing fabric on top fine sand, and the sticky layer below is protected with film.

This coating can be used under or as a finishing layer.

Advantages and disadvantages of waterproofing in rolls:

pros	Minuses
Application for insulating all types of materials: from wood to metal	Requires a perfectly flat, dry surface for installation.
Cost-effective – such products are relatively inexpensive	The joints are sealed by fusing - you need skills in such work
Resistance to aggressive external influences	Cannot be laid at temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius
	Not resistant to mechanical damage
	In most cases, applied in several layers

Properties of bitumen-polymer waterproofing

Bitumen-polymer waterproofing is almost more popular than roll waterproofing. It is represented by various mastics and sludges, applied in several layers. It is used to protect the building, pouring flat roofs and, as well as sealing cracks in walls.

Coated polymer waterproofing: exceptional tightness

Polymer-based waterproofing materials, in principle, differ from bitumen only in composition. They additionally include latex, polyurethane, acrylic and other polymer components. Unlike the bitumen composition, the polymer composition is characterized by high elasticity and a wide temperature range of operation.

Features of penetrating materials for waterproofing

To isolate cracks and holes in concrete, special silicate sand is used.

Why are liquid waterproofing materials attractive?

Liquid waterproofing is applied by spraying and forms a coating without seams or folds.

Geotextile materials for waterproofing

A bentonite mat is a two-layer mat with a layer of bentonite clay between the layers.

Modern injection-type waterproofing materials

The principle of installation of this type of waterproofing is based on the process of injecting a hydrophobic gel between the soil and the structural parts.

Membrane moisture protection

A new technology is now at its peak of development - the use of membrane materials.

Production of waterproofing materials: who should you trust?

For your own peace of mind and confidence in the quality of the material, use the products famous brands. The high quality of this product is guaranteed by many years of experience in use and numerous examinations. The site's editors have selected for you several manufacturers who have earned high praise from construction professionals:

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Polymer waterproofing

Polymer waterproofing

IN Lately Waterproofing materials have become extremely widespread different types. Quite common polymer insulation, presented on the market with almost the largest number of brands and materials.

The use of polymer is one of the most promising ways to develop construction, since polymer materials provide increased resistance of structures and buildings to the aggressive effects of environmental forces, as well as restoration of the lost life of the structure.

Today, the most widely used effective waterproofing materials for protection against moisture are: bitumen-polymer, acrylic and polyurethane.

Polymer waterproofing used for all types of structures. Its most effective use is for waterproofing industrial reinforced concrete and sanitary structures, various treatment facilities for domestic, industrial and sewage wastewater, as well as tanks for storing harmful liquids and full-fledged chemical protection concrete. In the vast majority of cases, it is used in the form of mastics for coating the external parts of structures and structures.

Polymer compositions are intended mainly for waterproofing various dry surfaces, but there are compositions with special surfactant additives that significantly increase the adhesion of materials to a damp base. They are designed for waterproofing wet concrete surfaces. Most often, polymer compositions are prepared directly on the job site, for which a polymer cocktail of resin, plasticizer and hardener is mixed. Depending on the composition and purpose of the material, the viability period of the prepared solution ranges from several minutes to several hours.

Bitumen-polymer compositions are high-quality materials based on bitumen diluted with polymers and rubbers. These additives have improved water resistance, durability and deformability bitumen mastics, and they also regulate the operational and technological properties of bitumen-polymer compositions. Bitumen-polymer compositions are the development of bitumen waterproofing technology, inexpensive, but not very durable. Thanks to the addition of new types of materials, it was possible to obtain relatively inexpensive, but already durable and high-quality waterproofing.

In general, polymer waterproofing is confidently gaining popularity among domestic consumers. The main advantage of materials in this group is their relatively low cost with fairly high quality insulating layer.

The Khimsintez plant produces materials for external and internal seamless polymer waterproofing of concrete and metal structures(soft and hard).

For high-quality waterproofing, modern designers and technologists recommend using cold-curing polyurethane and polyurea mastics, as well as hot and cold-curing sprayed polyurea, as the most innovative and effective materials that provide high performance characteristics and a long service life. Curing of polyurethane mastics occurs as a result of: the mutual reaction of the components, as well as the effect of air moisture on the applied material and is determined by the composition of polyurethane waterproofing compositions. The curing product is a rubber-like (elastic) material with excellent physical and mechanical characteristics. NovaCol polymer materials are designed to effectively solve the problems of waterproofing concrete tanks, reservoirs, dams, tunnels, swimming pools, ponds, reservoirs, etc. They are widely used as a waterproofing coating when installing new and repairing old roofs.

The company "PU INDUSTRY" LLC develops and produces the following types polymer materials for seamless waterproofing:

Polymer waterproofing: cold-curing polyurethane and polyurea mastics “NovaCol” polymerize into a waterproofing membrane that combines characteristics such as: the highest adhesive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and durability, inaccessible to traditional bituminous materials. They are equally effectively used both in new construction and during major and current repairs of buildings and structures.
Polymer waterproofing: polyurea sprayed waterproofing of cold and hot curing “NovaCol” is, depending on the purpose, pure polyurea coating or hybrids of polyurea with polyurethanes and/or epoxy resins). Polymer waterproofing "NovaCol" combines waterproofing and anti-corrosion properties and can be used on horizontal, vertical and ceiling surfaces. Polymer waterproofing quickly cures, forming an elastic coating that is resistant to mechanical stress and aggressive chemical environments. The coatings have a 100% dry residue, resulting in no emission of highly volatile compounds from the applied material. This is certainly important from an environmental point of view and is also their undeniable advantage in addition to their high physical and mechanical qualities in comparison with bituminous materials.

You can buy polymer waterproofing as follows:
Polyurethane mastic NC-1 K/E Polymer waterproofing - a membrane with a thickness of 1.5-5.0 mm. depending on material consumption. Polymer mastic for waterproofing combines mechanical strength and elasticity. The color of the material is light gray. .
Polyurea NC-2 K-3P Polymer waterproofing is a highly reactive system based on two ready-to-use liquid components. It has high insulating and anti-corrosion properties, increased resistance to abrasive loads and protects structures, equipment and units from exposure to aggressive environments. It has high adhesion to metal, concrete, old bitumen, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and other materials. Suitable for substrates: concrete, metal and wood.
Polyurea UV-resistant NC-2 K-3PA Polymer waterproofing is a highly reactive aliphatic composition based on two ready-to-use liquid components. It has high insulating and anti-corrosion properties, increased resistance to ultraviolet radiation and abrasive loads and protects structures, equipment and units from exposure to aggressive environments. It has high adhesion to metal, concrete, old bitumen, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam and other materials. Suitable for substrates: concrete, metal and wood.
Hand applied polyurea NC-2 K-8P The process of obtaining ready-to-use material NC-2K/PR does not require the use of high temperatures and special equipment. Polymer waterproofing is used for the rapid repair of cracks, craters and other defects in the coatings of installation roofs, road surfaces, floors on reinforced concrete, asbestos-cement, wood and polyurethane foam bases that have a complex profile and large slopes. Can also be used for waterproofing building structures. Suitable for substrates: concrete, metal and wood.

Final UV resistant coating:

Two-component polyurethane varnish, UV-resistant NC-2K-60.1 Clear coat for a decorative finish and additional protection for base materials. polymer coatings from wear. The coating is formed into a matte (NC-2K-60.1M) or glossy (NC-2K-60.1) structure as a result of curing a mixture of initial components in the specified proportion. It has high vibration, weather, moisture and UV resistance. Environmentally friendly once approved. It is used in industrial, commercial and civil facilities.

Primer primers:

Universal polyurethane primer NC-030 Dry residue – 30%. A primer with a high degree of penetration into the pores of the material. It is used when laying flooring and sports coverings on concrete, anhydrite, metal, wood and other substrates to give them abrasion resistance, waterproofing and chemical resistance. .
Universal polyurethane primer NC-060 Dry residue – 60%. Primer with a high degree of penetration into the pores of the material. It is used when laying flooring and sports coverings on concrete, anhydrite, metal, wood and other substrates to give them abrasion resistance, waterproofing and chemical resistance. Applicable on substrates: concrete, metal, wood, rubber-like.
Polyurethane primer for porous substrates NC-2 K-030P Two-component composition. Used for pre-treatment of concrete, foam concrete, cement screed, plaster, wooden surfaces, wall blocks, bricks and other porous materials in order to isolate pores, increase strength and remove dust from their surfaces and improve the adhesion of finishing polymer coatings to mineral substrates, as well as as a waterproofing mastic for ceramic tile cladding and asphalt concrete roads coverings of engineering structures. .
-050M .
Polyurethane primer for metal NC-030M One-component prepolymer based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Cures with air moisture. Has high penetrating ability. Contains active compounds with high adhesion to the treated carbon or of stainless steel, providing activation, hydrophobization and reliable wetting of the surface with a quickly polymerizing coating, as well as chemical binding of traces of moisture both on the surface and in the micropores of the metal, and in the thickness of corrosion products. For use on metal substrates.
Two-component epoxy primer for porous substrates NC-2 K-090EP It is used for pre-treatment of concrete, wooden surfaces and other porous materials in order to isolate pores, increase the strength and remove dust from their surfaces and improve the adhesion of finishing polymer coatings to mineral substrates. The material is suitable for use in conditions high humidity, and also as a waterproofing mastic for ceramic tile cladding and asphalt concrete road surfaces of engineering structures. Used on substrates: concrete, wood.
Polyurethane primer for concrete NC-050B Dry residue – 50%. A composition cured by air moisture that is well absorbed into various porous surfaces and materials. It is used at industrial and civil facilities as protective impregnation concrete and cement floors, as well as to form a thin-layer coating and impart abrasion resistance, waterproofing and chemical resistance. When exposed to increased operational loads (driving on studded tires, exposure to metal objects with sharp edges on the floor), the coating primer is strengthened by sprinkling with quartz sand. Used on concrete bases.

APPLICATION OF CEMENT-POLYMER WATERPROOFING TYPE

High-quality cement itself has waterproofing properties to a certain extent. However, it is difficult to make a regular cement-sand mortar so that there are no pores in it at all through which moisture penetrates. Special cement-polymer waterproofing compounds do not have these disadvantages.

The composition of cement-polymer mixtures includes three components:

• Binder (astringent) - quality cement, ensuring the strength of the composition and largely repels water.
• Filler - fine quartz sand.
• Polymer additives. They provide increased adhesion of the composition to the base, penetrating deep into the surface of the concrete and crystallizing in its structure, firmly connecting the base with the applied coating. Increases the hydrophobic properties of the cement composition.

Cement-polymer compositions have a number of advantages compared to bitumen-polymer insulation:

1. They can (and even need to) be applied to a damp surface. The composition holds well not only on dry, but also on wet concrete. At the same time, the bitumen insulation will simply be torn away from the surface by the backflow of water (from inside the concrete).
2. The adhesion (adhesion strength to the surface) of cement (mineral) waterproofing is higher than that of bitumen-polymer. The compositions adhere perfectly to concrete, brick (including sand-lime brick), metal and wooden surfaces. Mineral insulation has high mechanical strength and is resistant to abrasion.
3. The surface treated with cement waterproofing can be finished two weeks after applying the composition without any additional preparation. Glue tiles, plaster, putty, paint - finishing materials adhere perfectly to mineral bases. Bituminous insulation will have to be covered with plaster over a mesh or screed. This is a huge plus in the manufacture of pool bowls and more.
4. Cement-polymer waterproofing has unique property: It is vapor permeable. That is, water will not penetrate inside the structure, for example, the base of a building, while the masonry, if it is moistened, will dry out. The occurrence of delamination is eliminated if moisture does not come from outside, but from inside the concrete; it will gradually be removed outside. In such cases, moisture tears off the bitumen waterproofing. Due to its high vapor permeability, mineral insulation can be used specifically for internal waterproofing, and often this is the only possible solution during the reconstruction of buildings.
5. The compositions are chemically neutral, environmentally friendly, and approved for use in drinking water reservoirs.

Types of cement-polymer waterproofing. Based on their properties, we would divide cement-polymer waterproofing into three groups:

• Standard mixtures that create a very abrasion-resistant outer coating. However, it is inelastic and if a crack occurs in the base (concrete), the waterproofing will also be damaged. And this, you see, is a significant drawback, since the probability of cracks appearing is almost one hundred percent!
• Crystallizing mixtures (penetrating insulation) contain salt additives, which, when penetrated into concrete, form waterproof structures. Moreover, over time and as it gets moistened, the waterproofing “grows” more and more into the base and becomes more reliable. Such compositions are capable of bridging small cracks (about 0.5 mm) in the base, excellently retain negative water pressure, and do not allow water to pass through from wet concrete, which makes them indispensable for the reconstruction (draining) of underground structures where external waterproofing is missing or damaged.
• Elastic cement-polymer coatings are intended for problematic foundations in which cracks can form, and this is the majority of concrete foundations performed today! Market-recommended brands are reliable, guaranteed to cover cracks up to 1 mm, and withstand vertical water pressure up to 50 m.

Polymer-cement compositionBitumsealFlexproduction plantBitumPetrochemicalIndustriesLtd. covers cracks of more than 2 mm! Thanks to latex added to hydraulic additives, the finished waterproofing coating BitumsealFleximparts unique elasticity.

Waterproofing technology

• Before starting work, surfaces must be cleaned of dust, dirt and oils. In case of weak loose foundation, the manufacturer Bitum Petrochemical Industries Ltd. recommends pre-treating the surface with a two-component Aquapoxy penetrating primer.
• The crumbling mortar and concrete are removed from the seams and cracks, cleaned and tightly caulked with any non-shrinking cement mortar. Cracks, seams and large cavities are expanded and tightly filled with the same mortar or hydraulic seal.
• The surface must be moistened immediately before applying waterproofing.
• In the corners and in the half-wall interface, first make fillets with a radius of 3-4 cm. For this, you can use cement plaster. Additionally, strengthen the joints with waterproofing tape, embedding it into the material. Place an additional layer of Bitumseal Flex on top.
• Coating compounds are applied only with a brush or spatula.
• When applied manually cement mixture thoroughly rub or smear into the surface, leaving no gaps. Small shells are filled with the mixture.
• To achieve the desired result, apply two or three layers. When applying the first layer, movements with the spatula should be in one direction. Each subsequent layer is applied at intervals of 12-24 hours. The next layer is applied in a direction perpendicular to the previous one. The applied layers of the mixture should be protected from drying out too quickly. To do this, the surface must be wetted every 2-3 hours for 1-2 days.
• Internal prefabricated processing concrete walls basement is completed. After two weeks, the surface can be protected with tiling, plaster or screed.

When carrying out internal waterproofing of basements and basement floors, this is generally the only option.

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