trenches where the observers lay, then near the bushes where our tanks were camouflaged. Malygin knew that the goal of the attack was a breakthrough to the highway. The enemy is trying by any means to advance to the Volokolamsk highway, which is smooth, paved, leading to Moscow. Therefore, it is necessary to repel the offensive, force the enemy tanks and infantry to turn around. At the same time, it was necessary to preserve our tanks, in any case, to make do with small losses - after all, difficult and stubborn battles for Moscow still lay ahead.
Malygin ordered Major Gavriil Saratyani to go out with twelve tanks, engage in battle with a powerful enemy column, detain it, knock it out, set it on fire, and blow up enemy vehicles. The major was one of the silent and calm people. He understood that the battle would be fierce, because twelve Soviet tanks would have to fight six dozen fascist armored vehicles. In addition, the enemies installed four batteries of anti-tank guns, which were supposed to cover the advance of the tank column from the flanks.
The Nazi tanks were already approaching our front lines, pausing for a moment to fire cannon shots or shower the bushes with a hail of bullets. Gabriel Saratyani waited. In essence, it was a kind of “battle of nerves” - the one who has more courage, endurance and will to win wins. The major knew his people; they would be able to compensate for the small number of tanks with the skill, the art of tank combat for which our tankers are famous, and the quality of the vehicles themselves. And so, when the fascist vehicles were already approaching a short distance, Gavriil Saratyani brought out his tanks and threw them into battle.
In the first minutes, Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Vasilyev with his tank crews took the lead and struck the enemy’s lead vehicles. Gabriel Saratyani rushed after Vasiliev and supported him. Well-aimed gun shots from short distances caused some confusion among the enemy troops. Here and there tanks caught fire or exploded. Vasiliev acted with unexpected and bold blows; he appeared in the very thick of the tanks and shot at the fascist vehicles at point-blank range. The Nazis brought anti-tank artillery into the battle. Then the tank of junior lieutenant Isupov was sent with the task: to destroy enemy anti-tank guns. Isupov brought his car close to the enemy batteries and shot at the fascist anti-tank guns from a distance of fifty meters. But Isupov himself was wounded.
The enemies decided that the Soviet tank had been hit. Four fascist tanks rushed towards Isupov and began to surround him. Isupov squeezed the driver’s hand:
Let them think that everyone in the tank died.
The Nazis boldly moved forward. As they approached, the turret of the Soviet tank suddenly turned around and artillery shells rained down on the enemy vehicles. Two Nazi tanks instantly caught fire. Their crews jumped out, and Isupov, taking advantage of the ensuing confusion, withdrew his tank from the battlefield.
The Nazis walked to the outskirts of the village, secured themselves behind the huts, and even tried to go on the defensive. But at this time battalion commissar Alexander Grishin burst into the village on his tank. He began to crush the infantry, set fire to two tanks, crushed a cannon, and recaptured an occupied house. Saratyani was right there near the village. All the time he held in his hands the threads of this intense and rapid battle. Vasilyev knocked out another tank and stopped. Apparently the commander was wounded. Saratyani led his tank to Vasilyev, but he had already come to his senses, bandaged the wound, Vasilyev was surrounded by three enemy tanks, he escaped and went around them.
In the clearing all the time there was a terrible roar, which can only happen during tank battles: the clang of iron, the roar of engines, artillery shots, machine-gun fire, explosions, the screams of the wounded - all this was mixed up, confused, and it was only amazing how Major Saratyani directed actions of each tank. But he saw everything from his car, this wonderful commander and brave tanker. Grishin’s tank caught fire. “Everyone leave the car,” Saratyani commanded. But Grishin did not even think of leaving the burning tank. He turned the machine gun and began to destroy the advancing enemy soldiers. The commander saw how precise bursts of fire killed entire ranks of fascists. But at that moment there was an explosion - Grishin died in the tank. For one second Saratyani lost his composure. He opened the hatch and shouted: “Bring out the commissioner!” And at that moment he himself was seriously wounded. The major was carried out from the battlefield. He died in the arms of an orderly, continuing to repeat only a single phrase: “What a brave commissar we had, it’s a pity for the commissar...”
By the end of the third hour of the battle, it turned out that the enemies had lost eighteen tanks, four anti-tank batteries and a lot of infantry near the village. We had six tanks knocked out. But the biggest loss was the death of Saratyani and Grishin.
November 22
So, another day has passed - the seventh - of the new, so-called November fascist offensive on Moscow. It was a windy day, but not frosty, there were high clouds, there was good visibility. And already with the first rays of the sun our fighters took off.
The Nazis chose, perhaps, the most favorable period of the Russian winter for their attack on Moscow. The dried, hardened, frozen ground is covered with a thin layer of snow. There are no snowstorms or deep snow yet. All this facilitates the actions of Hitler’s tank and motorized troops.
The enemy knows that December can bring severe frosts, impassable snowdrifts, and snowstorms. Therefore, the fascists, sparing neither their soldiers nor their equipment, throw regiments after regiments into battle - tanks, mortars, artillery, machine gunners, trying to break into the depths of the defense of our troops and at the same time cut our roads and communications, creating a threat to the encirclement of Moscow.
The Nazis concentrated their largest forces in the areas of cities near Moscow - Klin, Istra, Solnechnogorsk, Stalinogorsk. This is where the most fierce battles take place, requiring enormous effort and will of our people - the enemy has an advantage in tanks. For example, in only two areas - north of Solnechnogorsk - the enemies assembled four tank divisions: 2nd, 6th, 7th and 10th, four infantry divisions: 28th, 252nd, 106th and 35th SS division In total, they have now concentrated 49 divisions near Moscow.
In recent days, the Germans managed, at the cost of large and heavy losses, to move closer to the capital. Now in some areas the enemy is located about forty kilometers from Moscow. At the same time, the enemy concentrated his efforts on his flanks, pushing them forward - to the east in the Klin direction and bending them to the north in
Alexandra Dreiman- the best intelligence officer of the Uvarov partisan detachment. A young woman, who before the war worked as a road construction manager and had a good knowledge of blasting techniques, did not hesitate to join the partisan detachment.In a short time, she was able to prepare a group of miners. Alexandra Dreyman participated in a number of operations to undermine enemy transport, in the explosion of the bridge connecting Uvarovo and Porechye, she went on reconnaissance and provided communications with underground organizations.
In November 1941, Alexandra was forced to leave the detachment: she was expecting a child. On November 6, on the way to the village of Uvarovka, Dreyman was arrested. After brutal beatings, she was thrown into a cold barn, where she was kept for several days without food. A woman gave birth there. In an attempt to find out the location of the partisan detachment, the Nazis abused her newborn son. Draiman was silent. She remained silent even after the Nazis killed the child. The undressed and barefoot partisan was taken through the frosty Uvarovka and beaten with rifle butts.
After much torture, Alexandra Dreyman was shot behind the Uvarov hospital. The Nazis never found out the location of the detachment... Alexandra Martynovna Dreyman was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin.
In 1943, director Mark Donskoy filmed the story “Rainbow” by Wanda Vasilevskaya, the prototype of the main character of which was Alexandra Dreyman. When this film was shown in Germany, the audience couldn’t stand it and left. It turned out to be beyond their strength to believe that this could really happen... But it happened.
And we cannot forget about the feat of the partisan, woman, mother - Alexandra Dreyman...
Vera Voloshina
In 1919, Vera Voloshina was born in the city of Kemerovo. 75 years later, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, she was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
After graduating from school, Vera came to Moscow and entered the Institute of Soviet Cooperative Trade. As a student, Vera became a cadet at the flying club named after V.P. Chkalova, learned to jump with a parachute, drive a motorcycle and even shoot with a rifle and pistol.
The war came when Vera Voloshina graduated from her third year at the institute... “My dears! You probably haven’t received letters from me for a long time, and mom is terribly worried, right? Mamush, I didn’t manage to finish college, but I will finish it after the war. I'm at the front now, mommy. Just don’t worry, there’s nothing terrible, and then, death only happens once,” “Mommy, please, think less about me, nothing will happen to me,” Vera wrote to her homeland, in distant Siberia...
The girl voluntarily asked to go to the front and was enrolled in the reconnaissance detachment of military unit 9903 at the headquarters of the Western Front.
In November 1941, the reconnaissance group, which included Vera, crossed the front line. In the area of the village of Kryukovo, Naro-Fominsk district, Vera Voloshina and her comrades were carrying out another task. The partisans mined the roads near the village and threw grenades at the windows of the houses where the Nazis were located. On the way back they were ambushed. Vera, who was covering the detachment's retreat, was seriously wounded and captured. She had the strength to endure interrogation and torture by the Germans. On November 29, 1941, Vera Voloshina was hanged in the village of Golovko.
For 16 years, Vera was listed as missing. It was possible to learn about the death and feat of the courageous partisan only in 1957, thanks to the research of the young journalist Georgy Frolov, who later wrote the documentary story “Our Faith.”
Now in the village of Kryukovo there is a house-museum of Vera Danilovna Voloshina, where documents telling about her life and feat, photographs and other exhibits are stored. In front of the museum building, a monument was erected at the mass grave where the remains of the heroine were transferred.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
"…Dear Mom! How are you living now, how are you feeling, are you sick? Mom, if possible, write at least a few lines. When I return from my mission, I’ll come home to visit. Your Zoya”... These are lines from Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya’s last letter to her loved ones. Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya is the first female Hero of the Great Patriotic War. Her name appears in almost all works devoted to the partisan movement, her feat was described more than once. Yesterday's schoolgirl, who voluntarily joined the partisan detachment, was captured by the Nazis, despite the most terrible torture, did not give out any information about the location and size of the partisan detachment. She didn't even say her name.
Zoya was the eldest daughter in a family of rural teachers (her younger brother Alexander went through the entire war and died a month before the victory). The Kosmodemyanskys lived in the Tambov region, and in 1930 they moved to Moscow. Here Zoya went to study at school 201 in the Timiryazevsky district. The girl turned 18 when the war began. Together with her mother, Zoya sewed duffel bags and buttonholes for front-line soldiers, and she worked with her brother at the Borets factory. On October 30, 1941, Zoya achieved a partisan ticket. She was sent to the location of the intelligence department of the Western Front, where the girl quickly mastered the techniques of sabotage work. Twice Zoya crossed the front line, successfully completing combat missions.
In November 1941, the intelligence school received an order to burn the villages where the Germans were: Anashkino, Petrishchevo, Bugailovo and others. Two groups of partisans went on a mission. On November 22 they crossed the front line. The groups were ambushed and only a few people, including Zoya, survived. They decided to complete the task to the end. Kosmodemyanskaya managed to set fire to two houses and a stable in the village of Petrishchevo. However, the girl was captured by German patrols. The search was followed by an interrogation, during which Zoya refused to answer. Then they began to torture her: they flogged her with belts and took her half naked out into the cold. On November 29, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was taken to the central village square, where local residents were herded. Before the execution, they hung her bag with flammable liquid on Zoya’s shoulder, and on her chest - a sign with “House Arsonist” written large in Russian and small in German...
One of the witnesses describes the execution itself as follows: They led her by the arms to the gallows. She walked straight, with her head raised, silently, proudly. They brought him to the gallows. There were many Germans and civilians around the gallows. They brought her to the gallows, ordered her to expand the circle around the gallows and began to photograph her... She had a bag with bottles with her. She shouted: “Citizens! Don't stand there, don't look, but we need to help fight! This death of mine is my achievement.” After that, one officer swung his arms, and others shouted at her. Then she said: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it’s too late, surrender.” The officer shouted angrily: “Rus!” “The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated,” she said all this at the moment when she was photographed... Then they framed the box. She stood on the box herself without any command. A German came up and began to put on the noose. At that time she shouted: “No matter how much you hang us, you won’t hang us all, there are 170 million of us. But our comrades will avenge you for me.” She said this with a noose around her neck. She wanted to say something else, but at that moment the box was removed from under her feet, and she hung. She grabbed the rope with her hand, but the German hit her hands. After that everyone dispersed.
In May 1942, Zoya's ashes were transported to Moscow, to the Novodevichy cemetery. In the Ruza district of the Moscow region, in the village of Petrishchevo, there is a memorial museum for Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya; a monument was erected at the 86th kilometer of the Minsk highway.
Ilya Kuzin
Ilya Kuzin was born in 1919 in the village of Sannikovo, Konakovo district, Kaliningrad region. After graduating from the 8th grade of high school, Ilya went to Moscow, entered a river technical school, received a specialty as a navigator technician and got a job as a navigator on the Maria Vinogradova steamship.When the war began, Ilya turned 22 years old. He was not accepted into the army due to an injury received in childhood. But he did not give up and went to courses that trained demolitions to fight behind enemy lines. After completing the courses, Ilya Kuzin was sent to Smolensk. During one of the operations he was wounded. After treatment, Ilya returned to combat work and became a demolitionist in the Volokolamsk partisan detachment. The pride of the squad, Ilya was famous for finding a way out of the most incredible situations. So, one day, Kuzin’s group was pursued by the Nazis. The enemy truck easily crossed the mined area and the partisans were actually trapped. Then Ilya decided to take a reckless step - he jumped onto the running board of a German car while moving and shot the driver and officer. The German soldiers emerging from the truck were met by machine gun fire from the partisans.
There is a known case when Ilya Kuzin managed to penetrate a fascist transshipment warehouse for ammunition and fuel. The partisan opened a barrel of gasoline, doused it on stacks of boxes of ammunition, attached a cord to one of the barrels of the fusefords and set it on fire. The roar of explosions could be heard for several hours. According to later data, about 350 thousand rifle cartridges, 100 aerial bombs, 300 artillery shells, 30 boxes of grenades and 5 tons of fuel were destroyed.
In total, Kuzin organized more than 150 explosions on enemy communications and facilities. The mines he set blew up 19 enemy vehicles with cargo and infantry, and three tank trucks with fuel were destroyed. On February 16, 1942, the fearless demolition bomber was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Ilya Nikolaevich Kuzin died in 1960.
Sergey Solntsev
Sergei Solntsev was born in 1906 in the town of Ramenskoye near Moscow into a family of textile factory workers. He graduated from a vocational school, went to work at a factory as a spinner, and very quickly became the deputy director of the factory.On October 24, 1941, the German occupiers entered Ruza. At the same time, a formed detachment of partisans went into the forest, where they stopped in the area of Glubokoye Lake, the headquarters was located in the premises of a former biological station. Senior Lieutenant Sergei Solntsev led the reconnaissance of the partisan detachment.
Sergei Solntsev went on reconnaissance missions 18 times and participated in a number of successful military operations. “...Hello again, my dear Marusya and son Zhenya...Alive and well. I wish the same for you. Do not be bored. As they say, fate forced us to be apart again. Everything that was in the apartment and department had to be left in Ruza during the retreat on October 24. I now live in the forest, where - I’ll see you later, I’ll tell you...” - this letter dated November 3, 1941 turned out to be the last. On the same day, Solntsev once again crossed the front line and returned with important intelligence regarding the location of enemy troops.
The Germans, who suffered regular losses from the partisans, intensified the fight, and on November 19 the punitive detachment reached the Glubokoye Ozero area. Solntsev’s group fortified himself in one of the dugouts - the partisans did not have time to cross the front line. During a fierce firefight, Sergei Ivanovich was seriously wounded, but did not leave the battlefield; moreover, he covered the retreat of his comrades. Wounded, he was captured by the Nazis. In order to obtain the necessary information, the fascists subjected Solntsev to inhuman torture, but in response they heard one thing: “I regret that I will not see the death of fascism.” He was executed. The partisans, who were not betrayed by Sergei Solntsev, who was tortured by punitive forces, continued to operate on the Ruza land, expelling the invaders from the Moscow region.
On March 11, 1942, Sergei Solntsev was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A memorial plaque was installed at the execution site. The words are carved on it: “Here, on November 20, 1941, the beginning was brutally tortured. intelligence of the Ruza partisan detachment, Hero of the Soviet Union Art. Lieutenant Solntsev Sergei Ivanovich. Eternal memory to the hero."
Mikhail Guryanov
Mikhail Alekseevich Guryanov was born on October 1, 1903 in the village of Pokrovskoye (now Istrinsky district, Moscow region) into a working-class family. Having started working as a simple farm laborer, by 1938 Guryanov became chairman of the executive committee of the Ugodsko-Zavodsky district council.Mikhail Alekseevich spent the night before the war fishing. He only learned that Germany had opposed the USSR when he returned to the city in the morning.
In October 1941, the enemy occupied the Ugodsko-Zavodskoy district, and Mikhail Guryanov decided to join the partisan detachment, where he became deputy commander - V.A. Karasev (later awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union). The 12th Army Corps of the Wehrmacht settled on the territory of the village of Ugodsky Zavod. The operation to defeat the German military unit began on November 24 at 2 a.m. and became the largest action of the Moscow region partisans. Four partisan detachments and a special unit of the 17th Infantry Division took part in it: about 300 people in total. The capture of the enemy headquarters was personally led by Mikhail Guryanov: his detachment managed to remove important headquarters documents. In total, on the night of the operation, the partisans managed to destroy 600 Nazis (including 400 officers), 103 trucks and cars, and four tanks. An automobile repair shop and warehouses with fuel and ammunition were blown up. When the enemy came to his senses from such a rapid onslaught of the Russians, heavy fighting ensued. The Germans brought up reinforcements and pursued the partisan detachments. Two days later, Guryanov’s group, which the Germans were especially persistently looking for, found themselves surrounded. Mikhail Alekseevich was wounded and captured.
On November 27, after severe torture, Guryanov was taken to the burned headquarters building, a sign “Partisan Leader” was hung around his neck and executed. The villagers herded to the square heard the last words that Mikhail Alekseevich managed to shout before his death: “Death to fascism! There are millions of us! Victory will be ours!".
On February 16, 1942, Mikhail Alekseevich Guryanov was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. One of the streets in the Lublinsky district of Moscow is named in memory of this outstanding partisan.
Death of Alexandra Martynovna Dreyman and her sonIn the regional center - the village of Uvarovka, the fascist occupiers, after much torture, killed the partisan heroine Alexandra Martynovna Dreyman and her newborn son. While in the partisan detachment, A. M. Dreyman taught the partisans subversive work, went into reconnaissance, and was a liaison. The courageous partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin.
Pravda, 1942,
On November 23, we decided to visit the grave of Alexandra Dreyman in Uvarovka and drive through the partisan places in the west of the Moscow region. The end of November is not the most suitable month for cycling, but we are not looking for easy ways and Dreyman died in November. That's why it's only November!Alexandra Dreiman- the best intelligence officer of the Uvarov partisan detachment. A young woman, who before the war worked as a road construction manager and had a good knowledge of blasting techniques, did not hesitate to join the partisan detachment.
In a short time, she was able to prepare a group of miners. Alexandra Dreyman participated in a number of operations to undermine enemy transport, in the explosion of the bridge connecting Uvarovo and Porechye, she went on reconnaissance and provided communications with underground organizations.
In November 1941, Alexandra was forced to leave the detachment: she was expecting a child. On November 6, on the way to the village of Uvarovka, Dreyman was arrested. After brutal beatings, she was thrown into a cold barn, where she was kept for several days without food. A woman gave birth there. In an attempt to find out the location of the partisan detachment, the Nazis abused her newborn son. Draiman was silent. She remained silent even after the Nazis killed the child. The undressed and barefoot partisan was taken through the frosty Uvarovka and beaten with rifle butts.
After much torture, Alexandra Dreyman was shot behind the Uvarov hospital. The Nazis never found out the location of the detachment... Alexandra Martynovna Dreyman was posthumously awarded the Order of Lenin.
In 1943, director Mark Donskoy filmed the story “Rainbow” by Wanda Vasilevskaya, the prototype of the main character of which was Alexandra Dreyman. When this film was shown in Germany, the audience couldn’t stand it and left. It turned out to be beyond their strength to believe that this could really happen... But it happened.
And we cannot forget about the feat of the partisan, woman, mother - Alexandra Dreyman...
Oleg. His ancestors were from Petrishchevo where Zoya was hanged
We enter the partisan forest south of Uvarovka
This road could have been laid by road master Dreyman
The road has ended
We haven’t forgotten how to wrap foot wraps
In such forests the Uvarov detachment beat the Nazis
Forum participant S.B. Zhanna
Dirt clogs the transmission
Road along Protva. Alexandra could have built it too
Roads of War
Vova doesn’t recognize his bike
The further into the forest
the cooler the partisans
Dotted line on the map
Anomalous zone. The device does not work, and the one who looks at the book turns off his head
VL / Articles / Interesting
6-03-2016, 11:53
In the history of World War II there is an episode that is almost forgotten today, but very significant. In March 1945, the Soviet film “Rainbow” was shown at the American White House for the US leadership. The plot of the film had a real basis. The prototype of his heroine was Alexandra Dreyman, a resident of Uvarovka near Moscow.
The feat of Alexandra Dreyman
Before the war, this young woman worked in the Uvarovsky District Executive Committee as the head of the road construction department. She knew how to handle tol and other explosives. Therefore, despite her late pregnancy, she was taken into the partisan detachment to train people's avengers in subversive work.
“On New Year’s Eve 1942,” said Nadezhda Vasilyevna Lebedeva, a historian from the Uvarovsky school museum, “Alexandra Dreyman returned to Uvarovka to give birth to a child. At home she found her husband, who was not from the locals. From the first days of the war, he disappeared somewhere, and when Uvarovka was captured by the Nazis, he appeared in the village. Having met his wife, this man by the name of Ermolenko, as neighbors later recalled, left home, and soon the Nazis arrived there. They took Alexandra to the commandant's office. There they carried out interrogation and beatings. Ermolenko was also present, who told the fascists that his wife came from a partisan detachment. The Nazis demanded that Alexandra show where the detachment was. She was silent. The beaten partisan was thrown into the basement of the commandant's office. That night she gave birth to a boy. In the morning, the Nazis pointed a bayonet at the baby and issued an ultimatum: either information about the partisans, or the child will be stabbed to death. The mother was silent. The baby was pinned to the floor with a bayonet, and Alexandra was taken to the quarry and shot.
This terrible story was told in 1942 by the newspaper Pravda. Then Wanda Vasilevskaya took it as the basis for the story “Rainbow”. And in 1944, director Mark Donskoy directed a feature film of the same name. Especially for viewing it, military units were assigned to the second echelon for the duration of the session. It was also shown overseas, in the USA, where it received the highest Oscar award. President Roosevelt and his entourage watched it in the White House. General MacArthur said after watching: “The Russians saved civilization, Europe should be grateful to them for all time.”
What did we save them from?
Hitler did not hide his goals in the war. Everything that the Nazis planned was written down in Mein Kampf, relevant orders, and transcripts of Hitler’s meetings. For the conquered countries, the following “differential” approach was practiced: for Western Europe the main principle of conquest was “Germanization”, for Eastern Europe and the oil-bearing regions of Southeast Asia - “colonization”, for Central Russia, the Volga region, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia - “depopulation”.
At the Nuremberg trials, the representative of the French prosecution, Mr. Faure, spoke about how the “Germanization” of Western European countries was carried out: “The Germans sought to eliminate any elements of the French spirit. First of all, they banned the use of the French language in an extremely rude manner... Even the inscriptions on gravestones had to be written only in German... After the ban on the French language, the National Socialists took up music. The decree of March 1, 1941 stated: “Musical works that are in conflict with the cultural aspirations of National Socialism are included in the list of undesirable and harmful.”
In the occupied countries, the Germans took measures to deprive each person of his psychological resources, eliminate his existing worldview and impose the concept of Nazism... We must not forget that if the Germans had won the war, then all this would have constituted our basic, and soon the only spiritual food.”
The main US prosecutor, Robert Jackson, added the following to the description of the “new European order”: “The population of the occupied territories was mercilessly abused. Terror was the order of the day. Civilians were arrested without any charges presented, they were not given the right to have legal counsel, and they were executed without trial.”
“Colonization” was carried out somewhat more harshly. It is worth quoting at least the instructions of the Minister of the Eastern Occupied Territories Rosenberg to the Reich Plenipotentiary in the Baltic countries: “The goal of the Reich Plenipotentiary in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus should be the creation of a German protectorate in order to subsequently transform these areas into an integral part of the great German Empire through colonization by representatives of the Germanic race and the extermination of undesirable elements." As we see, there are no states - only “part of the empire.”
I cannot help but recall the investigation materials of the International Military Tribunal about how “colonization” took place: “During the years of occupation, the German invaders on the territory of Latvia destroyed 250 thousand civilians and 327 thousand prisoners of war. In October 1941, a ghetto was organized in Riga, where the Nazis drove 35 thousand Jews. In November 1941, the Germans selected 4,500 able-bodied men and 300 women into the ghetto, and shot the rest on November 30 and December 8, 1941.”
This was practiced throughout the Baltic states, as well as in other European countries. In fairness, it must be said that for the “true Balts” the fascists made some concessions. Here, for example, is how Rosenberg’s instructions to the Reich Commissioner in the Baltic countries are formulated: “In connection with the conclusions made by the General Commissioner for the Use of Labor, Gauleiter Sauckel, after visiting Riga on April 21, 1943, he ordered the removal of 183 thousand workers from the Baltic countries to the territory of the Reich (persons who have reached the age of 10 are considered able to work). For Latvia, the male workforce should be used as volunteers, and for Estonia - legionnaires."
But we should hardly delude ourselves about this relaxation. The chief US prosecutor, Jackson, spoke about what “volunteers” were at the Nuremberg trials: “The agents hunted for volunteers, got them drunk, and then deceived them into taking them to Germany. These prisoners were transported on trains that were not heated. They received no food and were deprived of basic sanitation. The corpses of the dead were thrown out of cars in parking lots, and newborns were thrown out of windows while the train was moving.” A normal person is also unlikely to envy legionnaires: their fate is to “work” for the Reich as punishers and overseers of slaves. At a meeting in October 1943, Himmler expressed himself as follows about the real attitude of the Reich leaders towards the colonies: “The question of whether a given nation is thriving or dying of hunger interests me only insofar as we need representatives of a given nation as slaves; Otherwise, their fate is of no interest.”
The pinnacle of “civilizational thought” of German ideologists was the idea of “depopulation.”
Himmler instructed his troops and political police: “Our tasks do not include the Germanization of the East, which consists in teaching the population the German language and German laws; We only want to ensure that only people of pure German blood live in the East.” The means to solve this problem was the “depopulation” technology invented in the West.
Back in 1940, it was described in the words of the Fuhrer in Rauschning’s book, published in New York: “We must develop the technique of depopulation, by which I mean the elimination of entire racial units.” Hitler put Jews, Russians, and Gypsies first on the list for elimination. And this technology operated on an unprecedented scale until the Red Army, together with the allied forces, broke the back of fascism. During the war years, 16.9 million civilians of the USSR were shot, hanged, strangled in gas chambers, tortured in concentration camps, and about 10 million people were driven into slavery, including children from 10 years old.
Legalized slavery is one of the main features of the “new European order”. According to the latest data, more than 20 million people from 30 countries were deported to Germany. Of these, only 8 million survived.
feel the difference
Of course, there were cases when Soviet soldiers showed cruelty towards the German population. But the difference is completely obvious: the Nazis came to rob us, we were forced to go to Europe to destroy the aggressor. Moreover, we came there after we witnessed the wildest atrocities of the fascists in our country and in the countries of Eastern Europe.
Recently, in the archives, I came across a report by a German officer to a higher command with the super-cynical title “On the experience of destroying the settlement of Borki for the period from September 22 to 26, 1942.” I will cite it as obvious evidence of what kind of “civilization” the Soviet army destroyed.
“On September 21, 1942, the company received the task of destroying the village of Borki, located 7 km east of Mokran. The operation proceeded smoothly. I managed to capture and deliver to the gathering place all the village residents, without exception. It turned out to be favorable that the purpose for which the population was rounded up was unknown to him until the last moment. Calm reigned at the gathering place, the number of posts was reduced to a minimum, and the released forces could be used in the further course of the operation. The team of gravediggers received shovels only at the scene of the execution, thanks to which the population remained in the dark about what was coming. Discreetly installed light machine guns quelled the panic that arose from the very beginning when the first shots were fired from the execution site, located 700 m from the village. The two men tried to run, but fell after a few steps, hit by machine-gun fire. The shooting began at 9 o'clock. 00 min. and ended at 18:00. 00 min. Of the 809 rounded up, 104 people (politically reliable families) were released, among them were workers from the Mokrana estates. The execution took place without any complications, the preparatory measures turned out to be very expedient.
In the Borodino Museum there is a portrait of a woman with an ugly face, but intelligent and alarmingly sad. She was the prototype for the main character of the film "Rainbow", nothing more was known about her except her name. Then I decided to find out everything about her that her relatives, acquaintances, and witnesses of her suffering and heroism could tell. The Dreiman family moved to the Moscow region from Latvia in 1912. There were five children. Shura, the fourth child, was born in 1908. My father was gassed during the World War and died in 1919. The children began to work as farm laborers early; Shura did not go to school; her younger sister Emilia taught her to read and write. On the collective farm, the girl was a foreman, then, as the sisters recall, she was elected chairman of the Poretsky village council. In 1937, after completing the course, she became the head of the road department at the executive committee of the village of Uvarovka. “Dreyman, I remember as now,” said E. Golikova, “she was of medium height, strong, dense, walked quickly, widely. She had a round, red-cheeked face, she cut her hair short, and she always had a comb in her hair.” "She was cheerful, cheerful, and wore a skirt and tunic." Uvarovites often saw her on horseback: the head of the roads had to travel more than one kilometer in a day. Before the war, Alexandra got married. Ermolenko’s husband worked as a technical director in the Zagotzerno office. “Mom didn’t like him,” recalls his older sister Anna, “he’s handsome, but a talker, he promises a lot, he brags. Shura went to live with him on Leningradskaya Street, and my mother stayed on Sovetskaya.” But June 1941 pushed aside personal troubles. The war was inexorably approaching the borders of the Moscow region. The last time Anna saw her sister was in the fall of 1941: “She came to Moscow and asked to take her mother, because Uvarovka was heavily bombed.” Alexandra hid even from her older sister that she was expecting a child and was joining the partisans. The partisan detachment was formed from local residents, so when Ermolenko began to join the detachment, he was refused. They didn’t know who he was, where he came from, he appeared two years ago. And there were two women in the detachment - a radio operator and a nurse. “They took Dreyman because,” explained former partisan intelligence officer D. Egerev, “she knew how to handle metal and could train partisans in subversive work.” On October 12, the detachment left Uvarovka for the forests. “The partisans were leaving in the evening across the railway line, and we watched them leave; it was so hard on our souls: where they were leaving - we don’t know, what will happen to us - we don’t know,” E. Kalenova could not remember this picture without tears and excitement and thirty years later. The next day, the Nazis occupied Uvarovka. Alien soldiers entered houses as conquerors, robbed the owners, and could even drive them out onto the street; in the square, the arch that stood opposite the station was turned into a gallows. The village was quiet; residents tried not to go out unnecessarily. In the forest at this time, “Alexandra Martynovna spent whole days teaching fighters the technique of demolition, the tactics of fire protection for demolition workers, the ability to quickly leave the scene of an explosion and redeploy to another site” (from the memoirs of V. Kuskov, a former detachment commander). In the second half of October, the Nazis began to hastily transfer equipment from Mozhaisk to the Volokolamsk direction, using the road to Porechye. The command of the detachment decided to carry out subversive operations on this road. In one night, partisans trained by Dreyman blew up four bridges. But after these operations, the partisan suddenly disappeared from the detachment. She went home to Uvarovka because it was becoming increasingly difficult to hide her situation. And what can you do in a detachment? We lived in dugouts, there was food today and gone tomorrow, winter came unusually early. There is no one in the villages of relatives, and even German marauders visit there. Later, the sick partisans Klimov and Korkin were captured from their relatives in the village and executed. Leningradskaya Street, where Dreyman lived, was the outskirts of Uvarovka; there were four apartments in the building. “We lived near the forest,” said her neighbor M. Ivankovich. “The Germans rarely came to us. Shura brought a wounded horse with her, we treated it, carried firewood on it. Shura went to the mill and ground rye for us.” “Her husband disappeared somewhere before the occupation,” added another neighbor of Kalenova, “then he showed up under the Germans.” What did the couple talk about? What did each person say about themselves? Nobody knows this. Undoubtedly, Alexandra loved her handsome husband with the late love of a lonely woman and believed him: after all, they should have a child. But, undoubtedly, something else: a sense of duty did not allow her to talk about her fellow partisans, and Ermolenko did not learn anything about them, which was confirmed by further tragic events. And Dreyman’s disappearance caused alarm in the detachment. V. Kuskov recalled: “Novikov and I were given the task by Khlebutin and Fomin (detachment commissioner) to destroy her: they thought that she had deserted, we already had such cases. I was still a reconnaissance commander at that time, then I was elected commander of the detachment: Khlebutin (former pre-executive committee) did not serve in the army at all, and I was demobilized in 1938. We arrived late at night at Dreyman’s apartment. She was lying on the bed, and her husband kept trying to come out, but we forbade him. Two grenades and a pistol were confiscated from him. “Why,” I say, “aren’t you in the detachment or in the army?” “My wife will give birth,” he answers, “then I’ll go.” We should have shot the scoundrel, but who knew... Then we found out that Dreyman was taken that same night." The neighbors, awakened by furious knocking on the door with vague commands, ran out into the street and saw in the next window: "The light was turned on, she was on the bed lay dressed. When they hit her with a butt, she fell and screamed. They took her away in what she was wearing - a tunic and a skirt." In Uvarovka, on the street where the soviet is now, before the war there was a printing house, behind it was a barn, and across the road, in the school building, was the commandant's office. In the barn the prisoners were kept without food or water, from the frost, people buried themselves in straw. From here they were taken to the commandant's office, from here their path often went to the square, where the gallows were never empty. Here they brought the partisan. Soon the arrested were taken away from the barn, leaving Dreyman alone. She was interrogated by the village commandant, Oberleutnant Haase , overweight, bald, with a bandaged head (according to the translator, the partisans were wounded near Smolensk).V. Kuskov explained in his memoirs that the commandant’s office was mainly engaged in taking away food and warm clothes for the army from the population, but it was possible to discover the location of the partisan detachment, which had declared itself with daring operations, opened up the prospect of promotion and promotion for the commandant. Thus began an unequal duel between an exhausted woman and a soulless official in a fascist uniform. When Alexandra was arrested, the residents of Uvarovka saw Ermolenko in Hitler’s uniform, he openly helped to rob the population. Meanwhile, his wife, barefoot and wearing only a shirt, was being chased by soldiers through the snowy streets at night. During the day she was interrogated at the commandant's office. A. Guslyakova became an involuntary witness to one of these interrogations. She came to the commandant’s office to find out about the fate of her arrested husband and, hearing screams in the corridor, pushed the door. In the commandant's office, two soldiers beat Dreyman. One of them pushed the dumbfounded woman out and slammed the door. No one was there when, in unbearable suffering, she gave birth to a child. Only to her old friend A. Minaeva, who made her way to her at dawn, she said: “Boy. It’s bad, Nyura. If only the end would come soon.” “She barely crawled to the wall, barely spoke, and you couldn’t even hear the child,” Anna Yakovlevna recalled. The last time residents of the village saw Alexandra Martynovna, German machine gunners led her along the street to the forest. She had to indicate where the detachment was located. By evening they brought her back, she did not give anyone away. From the stories of soldiers and a local policeman, it became known that her first-born, who barely had a glimmer of life, was stabbed to death with a bayonet. And at dawn, Terebeev’s mother and daughter, whose house stood not far from the quarry (now a pond behind the House of Culture), heard a shot. Here, on a cliff, a partisan was shot. In January 1942, troops of the 5th Army of General L. Govorov liberated Uvarovka from the Nazi invaders. Ermolenko also fled with the invaders, who, as it turned out, had long been recruited by German intelligence and abandoned to this large railway junction two years before the war. In February, correspondent O. Kurganov’s essay “Mother” appeared in the Pravda newspaper, at the same time the Uvarovites read the Decree awarding their fellow countrywoman the Order of Lenin. Her comrades in arms buried her in the spring, when the snow melted. Two of her military friends, I. Klimov and V. Korkin, executed by the Nazis in December 1941, also lay in a mass grave. The relatives hid the death of their daughter from the mother for several months, and only by chance did she learn about her tragic death. She lived only a year after that. The front moved further and further to the west. The maternal dedication of the heroine of the Moscow region inspired soldiers to new exploits, and in Wanda Vasilevskaya’s story “Rainbow” (with the consent of O. Kurganov) she becomes the prototype of the Ukrainian partisan Alena Kostyuk. The story was published in the Izvestia newspaper in September 1942. And in 1944, director M. Donskoy directed a feature film of the same name. Especially for viewing it, military units were assigned to the second echelon for the duration of the session. It was also shown overseas, in America, where it received the highest Oscar award. President Roosevelt watched it in the White House, and General MacArthur said after watching it: “The Russians saved civilization.” V. Bulycheva. "Mozhaisk Memoirs" 2000 Film "RAINBOW" (1943)