Do you have an old washing machine that is beyond repair? Don’t rush to get rid of it; from this article you will learn how to make emery from a washing machine motor.
A homemade sharpener made from a motor will always come in handy on the farm and for household needs. Moreover, in stores, industrial sandpapers are expensive, while a sharpening machine made of automatic washing machine will cost free.
An emery machine is useful for the following work:
- Restoring the cutting qualities of the drill. To avoid buying new drills, you need to know how to sharpen old ones. When working with a drill, the drill gets very hot, which is why it constantly becomes dull. Once you sharpen it on a machine, you can use it many more times.
- Sharpening knives, scissors, shovels and other tools. Thanks to homemade machine from washing motor your knives will always be sharp, and your scissors will cut perfectly. You don't need to use any special effort for this.
- If you replace the emery wheel with a polishing wheel, you can easily process products and parts.
Using the motor from the washing machine, you can make your own sharpening machine. To do this, you will have to buy just one part - an emery wheel. All other components are located in the motor.
Which engine is suitable for making emery?
Wondering what engine you can use? You can use any motor from a washing machine, even the brands “Vyatka”, “Riga” or “Volga”. The main thing is that it has sufficient power.
For normal operation grinder, a power of 100-200 W is enough, with 1000-1500 rpm. For particularly large parts, a 400 W motor is suitable. But if the engine speed reaches 3000 rpm, it needs to be adjusted or a very durable disc installed.
What you need to create emery from a washing machine motor
To make a simple sharpening machine you will need:
- washing machine motor;
- flange;
- sleeve;
- attachment to the electric motor (emery wheel);
- casing for protection;
- support;
- starting device.
When purchasing, it is better to choose a product with two circles: a finishing and a rough version.
You also need to make an adapter with a flange. Since the size of the shaft does not match the hole of the grindstone, an adapter must be made. You can do it at lathe, having previously determined the dimensions and completed the drawing. On the diagram you need to mark the diameter of the shaft and the emery hole.
You can make a flange for the shaft yourself. A piece of pipe with a diameter of 32 mm, no more than 200 mm in length, will do. It should fit perfectly on the motor shaft. On one side of the flange there is a thread, the direction of which depends on the direction of movement of the shaft. When sent to the engine, the other end of the flange is heated and pressed.
After installation, be sure to secure the flange. This can be done by welding or bolting, drilling the flange with the shaft.
The shaft adapter is ready. It remains to install the element for sharpening the cutters.
Steps for creating emery from a washing machine engine with your own hands
For homemade device A belt driven motor will come in handy.
All that remains is to assemble the device correctly. After installing the flange, put the nut and washer on the shaft, then a large emery wheel, and then the nut and washer again.
Motor connection
How to connect the motor from an automatic washing machine:
- Using a multimeter tester, look for the tachogenerator wires that show a resistance of 70 ohms (usually they white). We will not use them.
- There are four wires left. Using a multimeter, you need to identify paired wires.
- Connect the wires leading to the stator and to the electric brushes. The remaining wires need to be connected to a wire and a plug at the end, and then connected to the network.
- Connections must be insulated.
Immediately after connection, the motor for home emery will start working, and you will be able to evaluate the functionality of the device.
Connecting the electric motor of Soviet-made washing machines differs from the previous version.
- Here you will find only 4 wires. We need to find pairs.
- Take a multimeter and measure the readings of each wire. You need paired wires with lower resistance that go to the working winding.
- Connect these wires to a plug and connect to the network.
- Now we need to make a trigger element. You can use any button, for example from door lock. Connect one wire coming from the button to the starting wire (PO), and the other to the working wire (OB).
The motor is now connected. But before starting work, you need to thoroughly secure the machine to avoid an emergency.
How to set up an emery machine and make a protection
How to secure the sanding machine and put protection on it? You can screw it to a workbench.
To do this, use the bracket that is in the washing machine. To reduce vibration during operation, rubber gaskets are placed on the corner, which can be made from a piece of hose.
If the device is installed on wooden workbench, cover it with a sheet of metal on top to prevent fire.
For your own protection while using the machine, install a metal arc over the disk. You can also enhance the protection by attaching 5 mm thick plexiglass to the pendants. The glass can be raised and lowered using hangers. 
Making a sharpening machine yourself is not difficult. The main thing is to secure it and connect it correctly. Also follow safety rules when working, use safety glasses and special clothing.
How to make homemade sandpaper? Emery is an indispensable item in household. It can be used to sharpen knives, drills, scissors, various instruments for cutting, which must be sharpened periodically.
Using sandpaper you can sharpen knives, scissors, drills and cutting tools.
The cost of sharpening tools in hardware stores is very high. Therefore, you can make an electric emery with your own hands.
How to make homemade emery
Materials and tools:
- electric motor from a washing machine;
- nozzles;
- switch;
- capacitor;
- wiring;
- insulating tape.
A home craftsman can make an electric homemade emery machine from available tools around the house. An electric motor is used to assemble the device. The necessary attachments for fixation are mounted on its shaft emery wheel.
If you have an engine in your house from an old Vyatka, Sibir washing machine, then it can be used to make a sharpener. These electric motors have more power. You can also take a switch from the washing machine, equipped with a special starter.
However, it is quite difficult to make a sharpener from such an electric motor. Problems will arise when it is necessary to put on grindstone onto the motor shaft. The fact is that the engine is not always threaded. In addition, the diameter of the stone hole may differ from the diameter of the shaft.
The work will require a certain turned part, thanks to which these problems will be solved.
Before you start manufacturing the device, you need to decide on its future parameters. To make homemade emery, an electric sharpener usually uses an asynchronous motor.
An electric motor with a speed of 3000 rpm is suitable for this device. If the rotation speed is too high, the sharpening stone may break. Therefore, in a home workshop it is better to use a device with an engine with 1000-1500 rpm.
If you do decide to install a motor with a rotation speed of 3000 rpm, then you need to install a high-strength whetstone and a high-quality flange. This type of sandpaper can be successfully used for polishing wood.
The electric motor power should be up to 400 W. You can also use devices with a power of 100-200 W, only they have a small number of revolutions.
Electric motors can be used not only single-phase, but also three-phase. Both types can be connected to a regular network; only a capacitor is used to connect a three-phase device.
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Flange manufacturing
In order to connect the engine and the grindstone, it is necessary to grind a special flange. To do this, you can order the work of a turner by providing him with drawings of the sharpener, the dimensions of the shaft section and the diameter of the hole of the whetstone.
You also need to grind the following parts:
- flange placed on the shaft axis;
- bolt;
- screw;
- washer with left-hand thread.
The flange and nut must be threaded depending on which direction the engine rotates. If the shaft rotates clockwise, the cutting should be left-handed. If counterclockwise, the cutting is right-handed.
This is necessary so that during the processing of tools the emery nut can be tightened independently. If the nut becomes loose, the stone may fall. During operation, this is very dangerous for others.
If you were unable to make bushings required diameter, then you can use pieces of pipes of similar diameter. In this case, you can fill the gaps between the shaft and the bushings by winding fabric insulating tape.
The sleeve is made from a pipe with a diameter of 32 mm. It should correspond to the diameter of the emery circle. An emery wheel is placed on it so that it sits tightly.
This bushing system must fit tightly on the shaft. Be sure to secure it with a bolt and washer.
You can cut the thread yourself using a tap; to do this, you need to clamp the shaft in a vice. It is important to correctly determine the hole diameter for a given thread.
Before you begin manufacturing the device, you need to clarify the direction of rotation of the rotor. For example, the motor from a washing machine is asynchronous. This means that the direction of rotation can be changed by switching the windings.
A washing machine motor usually has 3-4 leads. Thus, with 4 pins, the direction of rotation can be easily changed.
To do this, you need to use a tester to determine the working and starting windings. Most often, the resistance level of the working winding is 12 Ohms. The starting winding has a value of 30 ohms.
The working winding of the motor is connected to a power supply network with a power of 220 W. The starting winding is connected with the first end to the coil terminal, and with the other end it is necessary to quickly touch the second terminal and immediately tear it off from it. A relay is used for this operation.
If a capacitor motor is installed, the device connection diagram will be different.
This means that during operation the sharpener will rotate in a certain direction. If you then move the leads of the starting winding from place to place, the device will begin to rotate in the other direction.
You don't have to use a trigger coil. Then, after connecting the device to the network, you will need to turn the sharpening stone in the desired direction, after which the device will start working.
Quite often, home craftsmen feel the need to use sandpaper. It may be required when knives or scissors, as well as other cutting tools that require sharpening from time to time. Many specialists are in no hurry to purchase such equipment because it is very expensive. There is no need to talk about private consumers, who do not use such equipment as often as professional craftsmen.
Making your own emery
You can make your own emery if you have an engine from an old one. household appliances, it can be put into practice. First you need to choose which one would be suitable for the manufacture of the described equipment. Quite often, motors from old washing machines like “Vyatka”, “Volga” or “Siberia” are used for design. This technique has a fairly powerful motor.
Among other things, you can borrow a switch from the washing machine that has a starter. Despite the fact that carrying out this work may seem quite simple, it is very difficult to make emery with your own hands. For example, one of the main questions is how it can be mounted on the motor shaft. This is due to the fact that there is not always a thread there. In addition, the diameter of the stone hole may not coincide with the diameter of the shaft. For this reason, you need to prepare a special turned part.
Defining parameters
In order to make emery with your own hands, you need to first determine its parameters. Quite often, asynchronous motors are used to make such an installation at home. For emery, you can use the maximum speed, which is equal to 3000 rpm. If you use a more impressive rotation speed, you may encounter the problem of the grindstone breaking. It is preferable to use a motor at home that has a speed of 1000-1500. If you use an electric motor at 3000 rpm, you need to prepare a fairly strong stone. Among other things, a high-quality flange will be needed. Most often, high engine speeds are used not for sharpening, but for polishing parts.
In order to make emery with your own hands, it is not necessary to use a powerful electric motor. For homemade, a more acceptable power limit is 100-200 W. Three-phase and single-phase electric motors can be used.
Flange preparation
Before you make emery with your own hands, you need to think about how to ensure the connection between the engine and the stone. For this, a flange is prepared. When carrying out this type of work, it is preferable to use the services of a turner. But the rest is a matter of technology and the availability of available materials. It is necessary to prepare a flange, which is mounted on the shaft and also strengthened with a washer. It is necessary to take into account that the thread must be prepared on the nut and flange depending on the direction of rotation of the electric motor shaft.
If, when making emery with your own hands, the drawings of which will have to be reviewed before starting work, you will use a system in which the rotation occurs clockwise, then a left-handed thread must be prepared and vice versa. If this factor is not taken into account, then the nut will work to unscrew. This will certainly lead to the stone falling off. If there is no suitable equipment for making bushings of a certain diameter, you can use pieces of pipes, and the resulting gap between the shaft and the motor bushings must be compensated by tightening it with electrical tape. You should choose the one that has fabric base. It is necessary to put the bushings one on top of the other. At the same time, when winding the electrical tape, you need to maintain uniformity.
When making emery with your own hands from a washing machine, the sleeve must be made using a pipe whose diameter is 32 millimeters. It should be put on. Such a system of bushings will be mounted on the shaft quite firmly.
If the work is done at home, then you can prepare the thread using a tap, and you will need to clamp the motor shaft in a vice. Before making emery, you need to determine the direction of its work. It is very important.
With self-made emery, you can adjust the direction of rotation of the rotor. You will need to find the starting and operating windings using a tester. The resistance level of the winding is quite often 12 Ohms, but the starting winding is close to 30. The working winding must be connected to a 220 volt network, but the starting winding must be connected at one end to the coil terminal, while the other must be touched to the second terminal of the winding, and then discarded his.
Features of tool manufacturing
It is quite often made with your own hands at home without using a trigger coil. IN in this case after connecting the winding to the network, it is necessary to run the abrasive stone into certain side using your hands, after which the machine will start working on its own.
Carrying out the installation of emery
Let's look at how to make emery from washing machine with your own hands. First you will need to determine how to properly install it on a workbench. This can be done using a bracket that is removed from the washing machine. Fastening can be done using bolts. The motor, on the other hand, rests on an angle that holds it in a horizontal position. Among other things, it has a cutout that completely follows the outline of the motor housing.
In order to reduce the force of vibration, you need to put an edging made of a rubber piece of hose on the corner. You can avoid injury from a working saw and flying debris from the abrasive wheel when using the machine by making a casing. It is preferable to make it from steel. For this you need to choose a canvas whose thickness is 2.5 millimeters. This could be a strip of metal that needs to be rolled into a half ring shape. Under work surface With an emery wheel, it will be necessary to attach a galvanized sheet element, which will protect the workbench from the effects of flying sparks generated during work. All actions for your own safety should be performed using special glasses.
Finally
You can use plexiglass, the thickness of which should be 5 millimeters. It is mounted on the engine casing, and it is necessary to use an attachment. The fastenings should be made in such a way that the element can be tilted 180 degrees.
You also need to make a tool rest, which is necessary for a strong and reliable support of the workpiece. All work can be done independently, without the help of a specialist. To do this, you will need to stock up on the appropriate tools and materials. In addition, there is no way to do without the recommendations that were presented in the article.
There are many models of electric emery on the market, but its design is so simple that you don’t want to spend even minimal money, especially since it’s easy to make it yourself. You will only have to buy an abrasive wheel, and the “donor” of the engine will be an old washing machine, which will probably gather dust in the garage and, most likely, will never be needed again. Read on to learn how to make sandpaper from a washing machine motor.
What determines the choice of motor?
First of all, it should be explained why, in most cases, a motor from a washing machine is used in the manufacture of a sharpener. The fact is that old models, such as Volga, Chaika, Ural and many others, had ideal speeds for sanding, 1000 - 1500 per minute. It was this frequency that allowed their activator to spin at optimal speed. At the same time, washing machines varied quite significantly in maximum load, and therefore in engine power. In most cases it ranged from 200 to 400 watts. This is quite enough so that even axes can be sharpened with sandpaper.
However, before you start manufacturing, you must definitely study the “nameplate” on the engine body. This is a tin plate on which the main parameters of the motor are indicated. It is important that the shaft rotation speed does not exceed 3000 rpm. This is due to the fact that grinding wheel It is not designed for high angular velocity and if the maximum value is exceeded, it may collapse. This is very dangerous, especially considering that most homemade sandpapers lack protection. Moreover, a high rotation speed will lead to overheating of the sharpened tool, and hence to loss of cutting qualities.
In addition to optimal frequency and power, the washing machine motor has a number of significant advantages:
- Connection to electrical network without additional modification.
- The existing mounts make it easy to mount the engine to the sandpaper base.
- The length of the motor shaft allows you to place a sharpening stone on it, albeit with the help of an adapter.
Now that the choice of motor for the emery is justified, we can move on to the process of its manufacture.
This is the only detail that cannot be made by hand. You will need a lathe and, accordingly, a person who knows how to work on it. What is the adapter for? The fact is that the size of the motor shaft is about 14mm, while the mounting hole
The emery circle usually has a diameter of 32 mm. This means that their “direct” connection is absolutely excluded. The adapter seems to increase the washing machine motor shaft to the required size.
To make it, you will need a piece of round steel, approximately 65 mm long. and diameter 60 mm. The last figure is due to the need for the so-called flange - a fixed washer on the body of the part, into which a circle of emery rests on one side. Its thickness must be at least 4 mm. It is turned in front of the flange seat, diameter 32mm. Next comes the “M20” thread, onto which the nut that secures the circle will be screwed.
For mounting on the engine, a hole is made in the adapter body with a diameter equal to the shaft. Then everything depends on how the pulley was fixed on the washing machine. There were two main options:
- Using a thread on the motor shaft and a large nut.
- Bolt 4, screwed into the adapter body, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the motor.
The part being manufactured must have one of the following mounting methods, depending on the type of engine.
Sometimes, home craftsmen try to minimize costs and make an adapter with a flange themselves. Most often, a pipe with suitable internal and external diameters is used as a base. You shouldn't do this without proper experience. The fact is that it is very difficult to select a suitable workpiece, so “beats” and distortions are inevitable. It will be unsafe to work with such emery. You should not save on your health, especially since the cost of a master’s work will not exceed 500 rubles, and if the part is made from its own material, it will cost even less.
Another adapter diagram for making emery from a washing machine engine
The frame on which the engine will be mounted does not require any special material costs, but this does not make it any less significant. The base must be well thought out, since making emery is not an end in itself; you still have to work on it. At the same time, all attention should be focused on sharpening the tool, and not on holding the motor jumping all over the workbench with your hand. Working like this is, at the very least, inconvenient, and in this case there is no talk of compliance with safety regulations at all.
Therefore, the base of the emery should be heavy enough, and most importantly, allow the motor to be fixed in the same way as it was fixed to the washing machine. It is best, of course, to make the frame metal. True, you will have to use welding for this. If this is not possible, then you should take a suitable piece of chipboard and bolt it to it. metal corners for engine mounting. Even better, remove the motor from the washing machine along with the standard bracket and screw it to the base. The main thing is to use bolts and nuts for this; self-tapping screws can become loose and unscrew due to vibration.
There is one more key point. The height of the motor mounting should not only allow the emery wheel to rotate freely, but also provide a gap of 4 - 5 cm between it and the base. After the motor is securely mounted on the frame, you need to think about the support table. It must be metal; welding can be replaced with a bolted connection. If the starting capacitor on the washing machine was moved outside the motor housing, you need to provide a place for it on the base of the sandpaper.
After the motor is securely fastened to the frame and all auxiliary elements, you can go to electrical connections. But first you need to make sure that the grinding wheel is securely fastened to the motor shaft, as well as that there are no various beats.
Connecting the electric motor
First of all, it is necessary to recall the safety rules. Alternating voltage 220 volts is dangerous to life. Therefore, before connecting the wires and motor terminals, you must make sure that they are disconnected from the electrical network.
The electric motor from a Soviet washing machine cannot simply be plugged into an outlet. Or rather, it is possible, but first its windings must be connected in the appropriate way. The motor from an automatic washing machine is easier to connect, since it is asynchronous. It is enough to connect the rotor and stator windings in series. The Soviet washing machine had a synchronous motor. Its two windings, starting and working, are routed through the housing with four wires.
When making emery, the simplest and most correct thing is to transfer the entire wiring diagram of the washing machine to the frame, with the exception, of course, of the timer. If this is not possible, then you will have to remember the school physics course and connect the windings yourself. The most difficult thing is to identify them correctly. The fact is that the wires usually do not have any markings. You'll have to take a multimeter and measure the resistance. A value of about 30 Ohms will correspond to the starting winding, and 20 Ohms will correspond to the working winding. Now it is enough to “twist” them in parallel and connect them to the network connection cord, but there is one important nuance.
The starting winding should be energized only while the emery motor is spinning up. After the motor reaches the required speed, it must be turned off. Otherwise, it will get very hot and quickly fail. Therefore, in the open circuit of the primary winding, a button with normally open contacts, for example from a doorbell, is switched on. The emery switch and the start button are installed on a plate made of insulating material, in an easily accessible place. All connections are carefully insulated. The emery is ready, you can connect it to the network. After starting, the engine should run without any extraneous sounds, vibration or strong heat.
In addition, from a used washing machine you can also construct:
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- electric bike,
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- concrete mixer,
- lathe,
Almost everyone House master Among the tools he has a homemade emery machine made from an electric motor. With its help, you can sharpen various things you need in everyday life. You can, of course, buy such sandpaper in a store. However, its cost is often very high. That's why craftsmen make homemade emery.
To make emery, you will need an asynchronous motor from a Soviet washing machine.
For such a device, it is very important to choose the right electric motor. Special attachments are attached to its shaft, which clamp the emery wheel.
How to choose the right electric motor for your device
IN Soviet time There were a lot of models of washing machines produced. They were equipped with powerful engines with reverse. In addition, such a washing machine had a switch equipped with a starter.
The most difficult thing when assembling a homemade emery when installing such an electric motor is the process of attaching an abrasive stone to the axis. The electric motor shaft in most cases does not have a thread; the diameter of the stone hole often does not correspond to the diameter of the shaft.
To solve this problem it is necessary to grind a special part. It must compensate for this disproportion. To make homemade emery, you need to plan the future dimensions of such a part. Most often, homemade emery is made using an asynchronous electric motor.
So that the emery has high performance, the engine should develop 3000 rpm. If this number is much higher, the grindstone may break. Therefore, to prevent the possibility of such a breakdown, an electric motor that develops 1500 revolutions is used for the home. For an electric motor with 3000 rpm, it is necessary to use a high-strength stone. It must be attached with a very high quality and reliable flange. Most often, high speeds are needed for polishing products. On such devices, sharpening occurs very rarely.
When done, there is no need to install a powerful electric motor. Professionals recommend for sharpening stationary machine use 400 W motor power. To work in a garage, an electric motor power of no more than 200 W is sufficient. This is exactly what the washing machine was equipped with. One of his positive qualities is low turnover.
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The main goal of the work carried out
Before making emery, it is necessary to clearly understand the future direction of its operation. Usually, a homemade emery has the ability to change the direction of rotation of the rotor. The Soviet washing machine was supplied asynchronous motor. This made it possible to change the rotation of the axis when connecting certain windings. Sometimes the motor has four terminals specifically to change the rotation of the rotor.
To find out the right direction rotation, the tester determines:
- working winding;
- starting winding.
In most cases, the resistance of the working winding does not exceed 12 Ohms; in the starting winding it reaches 30 Ohms. The working winding is connected to the electrical network. One end of the starting winding is connected to the output of the coil, with its other end it is necessary to touch the second output of the winding, and having touched it, immediately discard it. Typically, a special relay is used for this operation.
This determines the direction of rotation of the emery. If the winding terminals are swapped, the motor will begin to rotate in the other direction. Sometimes they don’t install a trigger coil. To start working, you just need to spin the whetstone, the sharpener will start working.
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Turning work: features
To be able to secure the stone to the engine axis, it is necessary to machine a special flange.
This work is performed on a lathe. A drawing is pre-made, which must indicate:
- abrasive diameter, its internal hole;
- diameter of the electric motor axis.
In addition, the flange for the motor shaft is turned directly on the machine. It is put on the axle, securely fastened with a bolted connection, and a nut with a left-hand thread is installed.
The cutting of nut threads and flange threads directly depends on the direction in which the rotation of the electric motor shaft will be directed. For clockwise rotation, a left-hand thread is cut, and for counter-clockwise rotation, a right-hand thread is cut.
When the table emery is turned on, spontaneous tightening of the nut will begin to occur. This nuance must be taken into account. If the nut starts to loosen, the abrasive stone may simply fly off during operation. This is very dangerous, because... may cause serious injury.