Bogdan Sergey Leonidovich
Hero of the Russian Federation (2011), Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation.
Born in the city of Volsk, Saratov region. In the same year, the family moved to Voskresensk. After graduating from high school, Sergei entered the Borisoglebsk VVAUL, from which he graduated with honors in 1983. Until 1987, he served in the Leningrad Military District on Su-17 aircraft, then, until 1990, in Mongolia. With the withdrawal of troops from this country, the regiment was transferred to the Navy and relocated to the village of Gvardeiskoye near Simferopol (Crimea).
Vashchuk Yuri Mikhailovich
Hero of the Russian Federation (2003), Honored Test Pilot (2010), International Master of Sports in aerobatics.
Born on June 12, 1963 in Barnaul, Altai Territory. He spent his childhood and school years in Nizhnevartovsk, Tyumen Region, where he graduated from the Young Pilots Club in 1977. In 1982 he graduated from the Kinel-Cherkasy Aviation Center of DOSAAF with the rank of junior lieutenant.
Votintsev Igor Viktorovich
Deputy Head of Flight Service of the Sukhoi Design Bureau, Honored Test Pilot, Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (1998). Honored Test Pilot (1996). Master of Sports of the Russian Federation of international class in aircraft sports, head of the flight service of JSC Sukhoi Design Bureau (1997). Graduated from the Kharkov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots (1974).
Frolov Evgeniy Ivanovich
Honored Test Pilot, Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation (1994). Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation (1999). Master of Sports of the USSR of international class in aircraft sports. In 1968 he entered the Belarusian Polytechnic Institute and at the same time flew in the Minsk DOSAAF flying club. After graduating from the institute in 1973-1982. pilot-instructor of the Minsk flying club, member of the USSR national aerobatic team. Repeated prize-winner and winner of the USSR, European and World championships.
Artsebarsky Taras Anatolievich
test pilot 1st class
Born on December 3, 1978 in the village. Pokrovskoe, Dnepropetrovsk region. In 1995 he graduated from high school. Komarov Star City, Moscow region and entered the Kachinsky VVAUL (Volgograd). Due to the disbandment of the school, he was transferred to the Armavir VAI, from which he received a diploma in 2000. From 2000 to 2005 he served in the 611th IAP of the Russian Air Force (Bezhetsk, Tver Region). In October 2005, he retired from the Armed Forces as deputy commander of an aviation squadron (Su-27). Military pilot 2nd class, captain.
Kondratiev Roman Valerievich
Honored Test Pilot
Born in the city of Yeisk, Krasnodar Territory.
In 1987, after graduating from the Sverdlovsk SVU, he entered the Yeisk VVAUL named after. V. Komarova.
Graduate of EVVAUL with a major in IBA in 1991.
Kostin Sergey Vladimirovich
Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation
Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation, Master of Sports of the Russian Federation in aerobatics.
Born March 8, 1971. In 1991 he graduated from the Zaporozhye Aviation School of Instructor Pilots of the USSR DOSAAF.
Chernyshev Sergey Alexandrovich
test pilot 1st class
Test pilot 1st class
Born on February 6, 1975 in Kamyshin, Volgograd region. He studied at secondary schools in the cities of Akhtubinsk and Rostov-on-Don.
Shendrik Andrey Vladimirovich
test pilot 1st class
Born on May 14, 1981 in Lvov, in the family of a military navigator, from 1984 to 1997 he lived in Akhtubinsk, in 1996 the family moved to Moscow, after graduating from high school in 1998 he entered the Kachinsky VVAUL, which later was reorganized into the Krasnodar VAI.
Shendrik Vladimir Georgievich
Honored test navigator, Hero of the Russian Federation
Hero of the Russian Federation, Honored Navigator - Tester of the Russian Federation.
Born on January 1, 1954 in the city of Miass, Chelyabinsk region. There he graduated from 10 classes of secondary school No. 17. In 1971 he entered the Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation Red Banner School of Navigators and in 1975, after graduating from school, he was sent to the Carpathian Military District.
Malovechko Pavel Nikolaevich
Honored test navigator
Born in the city of Mozdok, North Ossetian SSR. After graduating from secondary school No. 123 in the city of Chelyabinsk, he entered the Chelyabinsk VVAUSH, from which he graduated with honors in 1981.
Potashov Valery Serpionovich
Deputy Head of the Flight Test Station for Flight Service, Test Pilot 1st Class, Honored Test Pilot
Born in the village of Urozhainy, Zavodoukovsky district, Tyumen region. In 1966 he graduated from high school. He trained at the Tyumen Aviation Sports Club, jumped with a parachute, and flew on gliders. 1967-1971 - Barnaul Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots.
Shevchuk Sergey Alexandrovich
senior test pilot, test pilot 1st class, honored test pilot
Born in Tatarsk, Novosibirsk region. Since 1973 he lived in Novosibirsk. In 1982, after graduating from high school, he entered the Barnaul VVAUL. After graduating from college in 1986, he was sent to a combat unit of fighter-bomber aviation in the Far Eastern Military District. He flew on Su-17UM3, Su-17M4, Su-24M aircraft.
Chuklanov Dmitry Igorevich
test pilot 1st class
Born in the village of Baranchinsky, Sverdlovsk region. In 1989 he graduated from high school and entered the Kharkov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots named after. S.I. Gritsevets, which he graduated from in 1989.
Zolotarev Vladimir Arkadevich
Assistant Head of the Flight Test Station for Navigation Service, Test Navigator 1st Class, Honored Test Navigator
Born in the village of Ponino, Glazovsky district, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1974, after graduating from high school, he became a cadet at the Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators. 1978-1983 - senior navigator of the aviation unit of the 164th separate guards reconnaissance aviation regiment of the air army of the Supreme High Command in Poland, Brzeg.
Zharinov Vyacheslav Alekseevich
senior test navigator 1st class
Born in the regional village of Chany, Novosibirsk region. Since 1985 he lived in the city of Novosibirsk. After graduating from high school, he entered the Novosibirsk Institute of Water Transport Engineers, and from 1990 to 1995 he was a cadet at the Chelyabinsk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators.
Kolesnikov Nikolay Alexandrovich
test navigator 2nd class
Born in Kirov, Kaluga region. In 1985, he completed his studies at a secondary school in the city of Stryi, Lviv region (the family changed their place of residence). In the same year, he entered the Chelyabinsk Higher Military Red Banner School of Navigators named after the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol. In 1989, he was sent for further service to the city of Poltava, to the Long-Range Aviation Regiment on the Tu-22M3 aircraft. In 1992, after the separation of Ukraine, he transferred to the Shaikovka garrison in the Kaluga region, where he continued to serve in the positions of navigator-operator, ship navigator, squad navigator, and flew on a Tu-22M3 aircraft.
Test pilots are the heroes of our time, the bravest representatives of their nation, possessing leadership qualities, intelligence, responsibility, composure and good health. Each flight may be their last, and yet they must experience the pleasure of flying, this is the main condition for admission into the ranks of these brave guys. They sit at the helm of their car so that the designers can refine or improve
Legendary test pilots
The former USSR is simply overflowing with heroes. Some remained unknown in the history of the country, but not the test pilots. The names of these brave guys were immediately recognized by the country's political elite. Almost all of them received the title of Hero of the USSR.
One of these people, whose name went down in the history of the domestic aircraft industry, is Valery Chkalov. Valery Pavlovich started as a welder at the Aviation Plant in Nizhny Novgorod. And already in 1931 he tested brand new I-15 and I-16 fighter aircraft.
For his stunts in the air, he even received a prison sentence and was sentenced to a year in prison, which was later replaced with a suspended sentence. After all, Valery’s “recklessness” was recognized as new aerobatic maneuvers. In 1935, Chkalov was awarded the Order of Lenin. Chkalov's crew was the first to fly from the capital to the Far East. And two years later he flew through the North Pole and landed in Vancouver. After such merits, Stalin offered Chkalov the post of People's Commissar of the NKVD, but Valery Pavlovich refused and continued to fly. Test pilots who die during a flight are doubly heroes. In December 1938 he made his last flight. He died while testing the new I-180 fighter.
Military pilots
Test pilots played an important role in military aviation during World War II. Despite the harsh conditions of the war, the Soviet Union increased its military power. Aircraft design companies produced new, improved aircraft that required testing. One of these heroes of the military sky was Sergei Nikolaevich Anokhin. In 1931 he graduated from the Higher Gliding School. And already in 1933 he set a record in his country. I spent almost 16 hours in the sky on one glider. Before the war he tested experimental gliders.
During the war, he tested aircraft and gliders. The first to test a liquid-fueled interceptor fighter. In May 1945, during testing of the Yak-3 fighter, the aircraft broke down, the pilot was seriously injured and lost an eye, but did not stop flying. Conducted test flights on such aircraft as Yak, Mig, Su. In 1959, among the first ten, he received the title “Honored Test Pilot.” He made his last flight at the age of 73.
Test pilot awards
Until 1958, test pilots were not awarded all kinds of orders for services to the Motherland; many retired without a single medal. Many received the title “Hero of the USSR” only in 1957. And in 1958, by decree of the Presidium of the Armed Forces, the honorary titles “Honored Test Navigator of the USSR” and “Honored Test Pilot of the USSR” were established. Only 1st class pilots could receive such a rank and the corresponding order.
In total, 419 test pilots were awarded this title during the Soviet period.
Post-war period
The development of aircraft manufacturing in the USSR became a priority task in the post-war period. The Cold War between the USSR and the USA led to an arms race. There was also ahead
Another outstanding test pilot is Yuri Petrovich Sheffer. Since 1977, he was the leading tester at the Tupolev plant. Was in the Buran VKS detachment. Participated in testing Su-25 and Mig-25 fighters.
Volk Igor Petrovich - Hero of the USSR, Honored Test Pilot, Test Cosmonaut. Tested domestic aircraft of all types since 1965. Performed a special skill showed when performing “cobra” and “corkscrew”.
Viktor Vasilyevich Zabolotsky is a Soviet test pilot, at flight test work since 1975. During his work, he mastered more than 200 types of aircraft.
Modern period
After the collapse of the Union and loss in the Cold War, Russia, as the successor to the USSR, did not curtail its aviation programs. And today, high-speed aircraft, fighters, and the latest helicopters capable of conquering the skies are being designed.
Bogdan Sergei Leonidovich - Hero of the Russian Federation and Honored Pilot of the Russian Federation. Conducted testing of Su and MiG fighters. Since 2000, test pilot at the Sukhoi Design Bureau.
Magomed Tolboev has been a test pilot since 1981, received the title of Hero of the Russian Federation and Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation. Tested Su and MiG fighters. For the first time he took several types of ultralight aircraft into the air.
This list can be continued for a long time, because many people in our country are capable of feats, but only for those chosen by fate. In the modern period, the latest supersonic aircraft, bombers, and airliners are being developed and tested; only thanks to these brave people, many models will see the world.
The twentieth century can easily be called the century of aviation. Man was able to become the ruler of the sky with the help of such flying machines as airplanes. A little more than a hundred years have passed, and humanity has recognized many famous pilots. Someone went down in history by doing a lot for aeronautics from a scientific point of view, setting records, and opening up new opportunities.
And there are pilots who made a name for themselves through two world wars. Such pilots became famous for shooting down dozens and even hundreds of enemy aircraft. In any case, the profession of a pilot has become romantic, and all thanks to its most famous representatives.
Wright brothers. Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948) Wright are considered the inventors of the world's first airplane. It is these Americans who in most countries have the priority of such a fateful invention. True, the championship is disputed by Alberto Santos-Dumont. The Wright brothers' apparatus was not only capable of taking off, but also of achieving controlled flight. For the first time, something heavier than air with an engine appeared in the air. This happened on December 17, 1903. A couple of years later, the Wright brothers created the first aircraft in history that could be practically used. And even though the American experimental aircraft was not the first in history, it was these pilots who were the first to fly it. As a result, aircraft manufacturing truly took its first serious step. The brothers' fundamental discovery was their discovery of the three axes of rotation of the aircraft. This allowed the pilots to maintain the balance of the device during the flight and control the aircraft. It should be noted that this method became the main one for controlling all types of aircraft, and remains so today. If in those days other testers focused on installing powerful engines, the Wright brothers were studying the theory of flight and the principles of aircraft control. They conducted wind tunnel research that led to the creation of more advanced wings and propellers. The inventors even received a patent for an aerodynamic control system that was carried out using aircraft surfaces. The pilots gained their technical knowledge by selling bicycles, printing mechanisms, engines and other equipment in their own store. Nowadays, the first planes of the Wright brothers are in museums, being a national monument of the United States. Although these pilots were more inventors, they were not afraid to be the first to take the helm of the technical equipment they created, which was unusual at that time.
Louis Blériot (1872-1936). As with the Wright brothers, this pilot was both an inventor and a businessman. Blériot was an engineer, and in 1895 he began producing lanterns. The general passion for aeronautics did not pass him by - the Frenchman first built an ornithopter, and then in 1907 his first airplane. In 1908, Bleriot was able to witness the piloting skills of one of the Wright brothers, which shocked him. Another eyewitness, the English Lord Northcliffe, even set a reward of a thousand pounds for the first person to cross the English Channel by plane. It was believed that Wilbur Wright would be the main competitor. However, he returned to the States; after an unsuccessful attempt by the Frenchman Hubert Latham, Louis Blériot accepted the challenge. On July 25, 1909, he took off, but halfway through the flight the plane began to drift north. However, the pilot noticed a deviation from the route and was able to correct the course. After 37 minutes of flight, covering a distance of 23 miles, Blériot landed in England. This victory had great consequences for the development of aircraft manufacturing. The pilot himself became the first Frenchman to officially receive the rank of pilot. Many believed that the design of the French monoplane was more promising than the biplanes of the Americans and the British. Bleriot managed to collect many orders for the production of his aircraft. The pilot was not afraid to try and change the design; he made a record flight on his eleventh aircraft, while the Wright brothers brought their creation to perfection. During the First World War, the Blériot company produced more than 10 thousand aircraft, which contributed greatly to the fact that airplanes became, although weapons, mass-produced.
Pyotr Nesterov (1887-1914). In those days, flying airplanes was a very risky business. No one really knew the capabilities of the new device, and its design itself left much to be desired. Pyotr Nesterov lived a bright and short life, managing to show what airplanes are capable of. In 1910, an artillery officer became interested in aviation. In 1912, the lieutenant already made his first independent flight. The very next year, Nesterov headed the flight squad. It should be noted that this pilot was also a designer. In those days, improving aircraft was common and sometimes even necessary. Nesterov himself modified his planes, developed new engines and even planned to create a single-seat high-speed aircraft. The pilot, having knowledge in mechanics and mathematics, and experience in aerobatics, theoretically proved the possibility of performing deep turns, and then practically carried it out. It was the Russian pilot who made a closed loop in a vertical plane in 1913. The era of aerobatics began with the loop (Nesterov loop). On September 8, 1914, Pyotr Nesterov made his last flight. He tried to hit the wing of the enemy Albatross with the landing gear of his plane. However, the pilot miscalculated and his light Moran rammed the enemy from above. The collision proved fatal for all pilots. And Nesterov also went down in history as the first pilot to carry out a ram.
Manfred von Richthofen (1892-1918). With the outbreak of the First World War, the warring sides began to use new weapons - airplanes. At first they were simply engaged in reconnaissance, but then fighters appeared. The most famous flying ace of the First World War was the “Red Baron”, Manfred von Richthofen. He was responsible for 80 enemy aircraft shot down. The legendary pilot met the beginning of the war in the cavalry. However, he quickly became tired of this branch of the military and in 1915 Richthofen transferred to aviation. At first he was engaged exclusively in reconnaissance. On September 17, 1916, the baron shot down his first enemy, ordering a cup engraved on this occasion with the date of the battle and the type of aircraft shot down. As a result, Richthofen accumulated 60 such commemorative items. The pilot, like many of his colleagues, was quite superstitious. Before each flight, he received a kiss from his beloved, which even became a kind of tradition among other military pilots. In January 1917, Richthofen already had 16 downed cars. He received the country's highest military award - the Order of Pour le Merite, and was entrusted with the leadership of the Jasta 11 squadron. His red-painted plane terrified the enemy. Jasta 11 included many German aces, including Ernst Udet. The group was located in tents, not far from the front line. The squadron was even nicknamed the “air circus” for its mobility. The legendary pilot died on April 21, 1918, a bullet hit the “Red Baron” from the ground.
Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974). The First World War died down, aircraft manufacturing developed by leaps and bounds. Records followed one after another. In 1919, American businessman Raymond Orteig offered $25,000 to the first pilot to fly nonstop from New York to Paris. Many pilots tried to hit the jackpot, but either aborted the flight or died. Charles Lindbergh also decided to join the competition. By that time, he already had his own plane and experience of independent flights. Lindbergh found sponsors, and a company from San Diego produced a single-engine monoplane especially for him. At the same time, the pilot himself took part in the design. The plane was called the "Spirit of St. Louis." Its first serious test occurred on May 10-11, 1927. Lindbergh flew from San Diego to New York in 20 hours, spending the night in St. Louis. And then on May 20 the historic flight took place. Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Airfield in New York at 7:52 am and arrived at Le Bourget at 5:21 pm. For this feat, Charles Lindbergh received worldwide fame. The pilot was the first in the United States to be awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. To Lindbergh's credit, it is worth noting that he continued to popularize aviation. The pilot attracts investment in the research of Robert Goddard, a pioneer in rocket science. At the request of the American authorities, Lindbergh visits Latin American countries. Together with his wife, the pilot travels around the world, drawing up plans for new routes for airlines. Lindbergh even participated in the development of an artificial heart. During World War II, the pilot served as a military adviser and even managed to fly about fifty combat missions, during which time he was developing autopilot methods. In the post-war years, Lindbergh became a general, he writes books, travels, and is engaged in social activities, protecting nature.
Amelia Earhart (1897-1937). Over time, aviation began to attract women. One of the pioneers was Amelia Earhart, a brave writer who opened the way to heaven for the fairer sex. By 1920, Amelia received an excellent education and learned 4 languages. The girl's fate changed when in 1920 she made her first flight as a passenger. Having decided to become a pilot, Amelia tried many professions to pay for her training. At the same time, she learned everything about aviation - from flight theory to engine design. In the summer of 1921, Earhart bought her first plane, and in October 1922, she set her first world record, flying to an altitude of 4,300 meters. In the wake of the growing popularity of aviation, the name of the brave pilot became famous. In 1923, she received a license, becoming the 16th woman with such a document. After Lindbergh's flight across the Pacific Ocean, it was time for women to prove that they could do it. Rich American Amy Guest raised funds, but was unable to carry out the flight herself. Then the task was set - to find a brave and attractive pilot, which was Amelia Earhart. On June 17, 1928, together with two pilots, she flew from Newfoundland to Wales, although more as a passenger. Nevertheless, the pilot became world famous. She turned her fame to the fight for women's rights, attracting them into traditionally male professions, including aviation. Earhart was at the forefront of commercial air travel, constantly traveling around the country to give lectures. In 1929, Earhart helped create the organization of women pilots, becoming its first president. She masters heavy craft, setting a speed record of 197 miles per hour. In 1932, Earhart made a solo flight across the Atlantic, becoming the second person after Lindbergh to do so. This achievement brought the pilot world fame and many awards. By the mid-1930s, Earhart had become one of the most famous people in America. She is friends with the president's family, owns many aviation records, and promotes flight. In 1937, Amelia decided to fly around the world, accompanied by navigator Fred Noonan. In the Central Pacific, near Howland Island, Amelia's plane disappeared. The US Navy launched a large-scale search operation, which became the most expensive in the history of the fleet. On January 5, 1939, the brave pilot was officially declared dead. No traces of the plane were ever found, so the mystery of the disappearance of the crew remains to this day.
Valery Chkalov (1904-1938). When Chkalov first saw the plane, he was 15 years old, and he worked as a fireman on the ship. After this, he achieved admission to a flight school, learning aerobatics, shooting, bombing and air combat techniques. In 1924, the military fighter pilot joined the Leningrad Air Squadron named after Nesterov. There Chkalov proved himself not only as a brave pilot, but also as a daring one. For his risky stunts in the air, the pilot was repeatedly suspended from practice by management, and once even flew under a bridge. Chkalov's military career did not work out - either he was convicted of drunken fights, or his recklessness ended in accidents. Only at the request of the top leadership of the army the pilot ended up not in prison, but in the reserve. Since 1933, Chkalov moved to a new job - a test pilot at the Moscow Aviation Plant. Here, many experimental machines passed through the hands of the pilot; he himself developed new aerobatic maneuvers - an upward corkscrew and a slow roll. In 1935, pilots Chkalov, Baidukov and Belyakov proposed to the country's leadership to fly from the USSR to the USA via the North Pole. However, Stalin proposed to first overcome another route - from Moscow to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. For this successful flight in 1936, the entire crew was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Chkalov became a national hero. And in 1937, the same crew flew through the Arctic to Vancouver, Washington, in difficult conditions. The brave crew was greeted by all of America; they were received by President Roosevelt. Chkalov became a people's deputy of the USSR, Stalin himself invited him to head the NKVD, but the pilot refused. On December 15, 1938, the tester died while flying the new I-180 fighter.
Erich Alfred Hartmann (1922-1993). The Second World War gave birth to new hero pilots. And if the Soviet media praised Pokryshkin and Kozhedub, the Western press certainly considered the German, Erich Hartmann, to be the best ace. Indeed, during his 1,525 combat missions, he managed to shoot down 352 aircraft, of which only 7 were not Soviet. Hartmann flew gliders pre-war, joining the Luftwaffe in 1940. In 1942, he completed pilot courses and was sent to the Eastern Front. Erich proved himself to be an excellent sniper and a diligent student, managing to master his technique to perfection. Hartmann was lucky to get into the famous fighter squadron JG 52, where he was surrounded by famous aces. The young pilot quickly adopted the tactics of success. He did not seek to engage in an air carousel with enemy fighters, preferring to attack from an ambush. Hartmann paid special attention to the first strike. By October 1943, the ace had already shot down 148 aircraft, he had already been behind the front line, escaped from there and received the Knight's Cross. Such rapid successes even forced the Luftwaffe headquarters to check the pilot’s victories, but they were all confirmed. On August 17, 1944, Hartmann surpassed his comrade, Gerhard Barkhorn, in the number of victories. And a week later, the number of aircraft shot down was 300. For this, Hartmann was awarded the Diamond Knight's Cross. The legendary ace achieved his last victory on May 8, 1945, after Germany signed the surrender. After the end of the war, the pilot ended up in Soviet captivity, where he was sentenced to 25 years in prison. In 1955, Hartmann was released early and returned to Germany, where he trained pilots.
Ivan Kozhedub (1920-1991). Ivan Kozhedub managed to become the most famous Soviet ace of the Second World War. Like many Soviet young men, at the call of the state, the future pilot attended a flying club. The war found him an instructor at the Chuguev aviation school. Constantly eager to go to the front, Kozhedub only managed to sleep there in March 1943. By that time, Soviet pilots had accumulated combat experience, and the aircraft became competitive. Only on July 6, 1943, during the fighting on the Kursk Bulge, during his fortieth flight, Kozhedub shot down his first plane. On February 4, 1944, the pilot received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for 20 downed German aircraft. Already in August, the second Star found him, by that time the ace had 48 downed enemy vehicles. Unlike Hartmann, the Soviet pilot preferred to open fire from afar, without getting close to the enemy. Ivan Kozhedub celebrated the Victory with the rank of major, having shot down 62 aircraft. He himself was never shot down. On August 18, 1945, the renowned ace received his Third Hero Star. After the end of hostilities, Kozhedub continued to serve in aviation; he graduated from the Air Force Academy and then from the General Staff Academy. During the Korean War, Kozhedub again found himself at the front, this time as commander of an aviation division. In 1985, the famous pilot became an Air Marshal.
Marina Popovich (born 1931). In 1951, the girl graduated from an aviation technical school in Novosibirsk, becoming an instructor. The passion for flying turned out to be so all-consuming that Marina won the right to serve in the army in order to be able to fly fighter jets. Since 1960, Popovich began piloting aircraft of this class, soon becoming the only female 1st class test pilot. Marina was even a candidate for cosmonaut. The MiG-21 pilot was the first woman to break the sound barrier. Over the past few years, she has managed to set 102 world records; such achievements have become work for her. These are records for the speed and range of various aircraft and their classes. At the same time, the woman set ten of her records while driving the giant Antey aircraft. It is no coincidence that Marina Popovich is a member of the legendary American club “99”. In total, the famous pilot mastered more than 40 types of aircraft; even a star in the constellation Cancer was named after her.
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Soviet pilot, brigade commander. Hero of the Soviet Union (1936). Since 1919 in the Red Army. He studied at the Yegoryevsk Military Theoretical School of Pilots (1921-22), completed a full course at the Borisoglebsk School of Military Pilots (1922-23), studied at the Moscow Military Aviation School of Aerobatics and at the same time graduated from the Serpukhov Higher School
Aviation school of shooting, bombing and air combat (1923-24).
Pilot-
tester at the Air Force Research Institute (1930-33), experimental and experimental designs plant (1933-35). Chkalov tested over 70 types of aircraft (I-15, -16, -180, VIT-2, NV-1), developed and introduced new aerobatic maneuvers: an upward spin and a slow roll. Together with G.F. Baidukov and A.V. Belyakov, he flew: Moscow - o. Udd (now Chkalov Island), 1936; Moscow - North Pole - Vancouver (USA), 1937. Member of the USSR Supreme Council since 1937. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, and a medal.
Died on December 15, 1938 while testing the I-180-1 fighter. This was the first flight of a fighter designed by N.N. Polikarpov, which was supposed to replace the famous but aging I-16. The flight was prepared in a terrible hurry - to be done before the end of the year. Polikarpov even refused to sign the certificate of readiness of the plane for the first flight. On this day the frost was 24o C. Already during the landing approach, the M-88 engine, not equipped with frontal louvres, became overcooled and, when trying to change its operating mode, stalled. Chkalov tried to make it to the airfield. But already on the approach, seeing that the plane would not fly through the residential barracks where there could be people, Chkalov turned away and crashed with the center section into a high-voltage support... During the collision, the pilot was thrown out of the cockpit along with the steering wheel in a half-bent state. While falling, he hit his head on a protruding rail and broke his cerebellum. 2 hours later he died in the Botkin hospital without regaining consciousness.
Probably, when calculating the landing approach, Chkalov did not take into account that the I-180, unlike the Donkey, was equipped with a VISH-3E variable-pitch propeller. Since the rotation mechanism was not completed, the propeller blades were fixed in the small pitch position. And after stopping the engine, the propeller turned into a powerful brake... In addition, the landing gear, which was not retractable in the first flight, was locked - Chkalov would not have been able to retract it.
As later confirmed by official tests of the M-88 engine on a machine in May 1939, it “has no response from idle gas at different thermal states.” Those. when quickly moving the engine control lever from low throttle (low speed) to increasing speed (when giving gas), regardless of the temperature, the M-88 engine stopped.
An urn with Chkalov's ashes is installed in the Kremlin wall. Cities in the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia and the Khujan region of Tajikistan, the Higher Aviation School of Pilots in Orenburg, the Central Aero Club, and aircraft factories in Tashkent and Novosibirsk are named after him. There is Chkalova Street in Canada, in Vancouver. The city of Orenburg from 1938 to 1957 bore the name Chkalov (although Chkalov was never here).
Amet-Khan Sultan
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Lieutenant Colonel.
Born on October 20, 1920 in the city of Alupka (Crimea). Graduated from FZU. He worked as a mechanic repairing steam locomotives at the Simferopol depot. In 1938 he graduated from the Simferopol Aero Club. He served in the army since 1939. In 1940 he graduated from the Kachin VASHL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Participant of the Great Patriotic War: in June 1941 - October 1942 - pilot, flight commander, deputy air force commander, air force commander of the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Southwestern Front, Yaroslavl Air Defense, Voronezh and Stalingrad Fronts); in October 1942-May 1945 - commander of the Air Force, assistant commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (8th Air Army). He made 603 combat missions, conducted 150 air battles, in which he personally shot down 30 and as part of a group 19 enemy aircraft.
In 1945-1946 he studied at the Air Force Academy (now named after Yu.A. Gagarin). Since 1946 - in reserve. On trial work at LII since February 1947.
Performed the first flight and tested a manned analogue of the KS projectile aircraft (Kometa-3), NM-1. Conducted tests: LL-1 and LL-2, I-320 (“R-2”), SI-10, SM-20; tests to test the aircraft refueling system using the “wing to wing” method; testing of the R-15-300 engine on the Tu-16LL.
Died on February 1, 1971 while performing a test flight on a Tu-16LL.
Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery. Laureate of the USSR State Prize. Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Alexander Nevsky, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of the Red Star, Order of the Badge of Honor, medals.
Streets in Alupka, Volgograd, Zhukovsky, Makhachkala, and a mountain peak in Dagestan are named after him. A bronze bust of S. Amet-Khan was installed in Alupka; in Zhukovsky, on the street named after him there is a memorial plaque.
Terentyev Andrey Grigorievich
Born in 1911. In 1933 he graduated with honors from the Morlet School (HSML) named after. I.V. Stalin. In 1934 he was awarded the military rank of lieutenant. In 1937, he received the task of conducting bombing test flights (PAB-100 on an MBR-2 aircraft). In 1938, Terentyev entered the Air Force Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky. During the war, he tested the La-5, Yak-9T, Yak-9B aircraft.
From 1945-1946 he conducted six state tests of various types of aircraft. He flew the MiG-9 and the German Me-262, and the leading test pilot of the La-134.
In February 1947, “for the development of new aviation technology,” he was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner. On August 18, 1947, he took part in the parade in Tushino on a La-9F aircraft. Tests of La-168 and La-174TK, reaching speeds of 1000 km/h. During 1948-49 - tests of fourteen types of modified and production aircraft. At the end of 1949 - tests of the Mig-17. 1950 - achievement of speed M-1.06 on the MiG-15 aircraft. On October 13, 1950, by Order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force No. 0530, Terentyev was awarded the flight qualification “Military Test Pilot 1st Class.” 1956 - tests of the experimental An-8 airborne transport aircraft. On February 7, 1957, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was once again awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his courage and bravery in the performance of his official duty. On October 7, 1959, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Terentyev was awarded the title “Honored Test Pilot of the USSR.”
1961 - five tests of the An-12 airborne transport aircraft. Two years later he was awarded the rank of major general of the engineering and technical service. 1971 - leading engineer, test pilot. He has the rank of Major General ITS.
Honorary title "Honored Test Pilot of the USSR".
Has 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War II degree, 3 Orders of the Red Star, Medal "For Courage", Candidate of Technical Sciences.
Garnaev Yuri Alexandrovich
Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Captain. Born on December 17, 1917 in the city of Balashov, Saratov region. Since 1934 he lived in the village of Lopasnya (now the city of Chekhov) in the Moscow region. He worked as a turner at a mechanical plant. In 1936 he graduated from the 3rd year of the Podolsk Industrial College. In 1936-1938 - turner at the Lianozovsky carriage repair plant. In 1938 he graduated from the Mytishchi flying club.
In the army since 1938. In 1939 he graduated from the Engels VASHL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. In 1940-1942 - pilot-instructor of the Transbaikal VASHL (Ulan-Ude). From 1942 he again served in combat units of the Air Force.
Participant in the Soviet-Japanese War: in August-September 1945 - navigator of the 718th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Trans-Baikal Front); flew 20 combat missions.
In 1945 he was repressed. Until 1948 he worked as a turner, technologist, and senior dispatcher at the Ministry of Internal Affairs plant in the city of Voroshilov (now the city of Ussuriysk) in the Primorsky Territory; in 1948 he was the head of the NKVD club in the city of Norilsk. In 1949-1950 he worked at the LII as a technologist. In 1950-1951 - head of the Strela club (Zhukovsky).
In January-December 1951 - test parachutist at the LII. 07/14/1951 performed the first ejection in a spacesuit in the country.
Since December 1951 - on flight test work at the LII. In 1953 he graduated from the test pilot courses at the ShLI.
Performed the first flight and tested the "Turbolet" (1957). Tested: Mi-3 in autorotation (1954); experienced autopilots on the Mi-4 (1957); tests for shooting blades on the Mi-4 (1958); testing the MiG-21F at maximum speed; testing a number of experimental engines on fighter aircraft; means of rescue; Mi-6 power plant; Tu-16 and An-10 for stalling (1960); Tu-104 for weightlessness modes; testing of spacesuits on the MiG-15, Il-28, Tu-14 (1951-1953). Participated in testing the Yak-24 (1953-1955), Mi-10 (1959) and testing the wing refueling of the Tu-16 (1956).
In 1962 he made the first flight on the first domestic rotorcraft Ka-22, then carried out further tests until 1964.
He died on August 6, 1967 on a Mi-6PZh helicopter while extinguishing a forest fire in the Marseille area [La Rove (France)].
Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the Red Banner of Labor, and medals.
Streets in Balashov, Zhukovsky, Ulan-Ude, and Feodosia are named after Gargaev. In Zhukovsky, on the house where he lived, and in Balashov, on the school that bears his name, memorial plaques are installed. A monument was erected in the city of La Rove (France).
Gudkov Oleg Vasilievich
Hero of the Soviet Union, test pilot 1st class, major.
Born on February 13, 1931 in the city of Armavir, Krasnodar Territory. In 1949 he graduated from the Stavropol Suvorov Military School.
In the army since 1949. In 1952 he graduated from the Borisoglebsk VAUL and the Higher Officer Aviation Instructor School (Grozny). Left as an instructor pilot at the Borisoglebsk VAUL. Since 1957 - in reserve. In 1958 he graduated from the Test Pilot School, in 1966 - MAI. Since 1958 - on flight test work at the Flight Research Institute, he was deputy head of the Flight Research Center for the flight department.
He took to the skies and tested the MiG-21I ("Analog") (04/18/1968), tested the MiG-21F-13 in a spin, participated in tests of the MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-25.
Died on October 4, 1973 during a test flight on a MiG-25P.
Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in the city of Zhukovsky, at the Bykovsky cemetery. A street in the city of Zhukovsky is named after him.
Popovich Marina Lavrentievna
Test pilot 1st class, engineer-colonel, candidate of technical sciences.
She graduated from SHLI in 1964.
The only pilot in the world who set 101 world records on various types of aircraft. Winner of 5 international awards, including the Gold and Silver medals named after S.P. Korolev, diplomas named after Paul Tisandier, Yu.A. Gagarin and the FAI Grand Gold Medal (this medal is awarded for outstanding world achievements and contributions to aviation science and technology). She tested the AN-22 Antey aircraft and many other models.
Grandfather Sergey Grigorievich
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR. Born in 1919. In 1927 he goes to school. After school he entered the Faculty of Chemistry at the Institute of Technology. In the spring of 1939, he signed up for the Kirov Aero Club in Moscow. In the fall of 1942 he transferred to a combat regiment. February 23 - the first combat flight on the R-5 aircraft. After which he made many combat missions on various missions.
After the war he became a test pilot. Mastered 114 types and modifications of airplanes and helicopters, conducted about 100 serious tests.
He has the title "Honored Test Pilot of the USSR", Candidate of Technical Sciences, Major General of Aviation, has numerous awards and certificates of the CPSU Central Committee.
Nazaryan Valentin Vazgenovich
Test pilot 1st class, captain. Born on April 5, 1947 in the village of Kirants, Ijevan region (Armenia). He spent his childhood and youth in the city of Kafan (Armenia). In 1966 he graduated from the 1st year of Yerevan State University. In the army since 1966. In 1970 he graduated from the Chernigov VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1974 - in reserve. In 1976 he graduated from the Test Pilot School.
From May 1976 to June 1984 - on flight test work at the LII. Since 1981 - instructor pilot at the ShLI, in 1982-1984 - deputy head of the ShLI for the flight department.
Conducted a large amount of test work on the Yak-38; participated in work on other fighter aircraft on the topics of the institute. In 1984-1985 he worked at LII as a leading engineer. Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. Since 1985 he lived in Yerevan, Nizhny Novgorod, currently lives in the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Territory.
Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals.
Popov Leonid Steranovich
Hero of Russia (1994), Honored test navigator of the USSR (1984). Born in Kazan. In 1963 he graduated from the Kazan Aviation Institute. From 1962 to 1965 worked at the Sokol aircraft plant, 1965-1985. - at the Gromov Flight Research Institute. In flight work since 1966, in 1971 he graduated from the navigation department of the MAP Test Pilot School. Mastered about 80 types of aircraft. Since 1985 he has been working at ANTK MiG as a senior test navigator.
(navigator)
Gorbunov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1989), Hero of Russia (1992). Born in Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov region. He graduated from the Kachinsky VVAUL in 1968, served in combat units until 1973. In 1974 he graduated from the Test Pilot Training Center in Akhtubinsk, and until 1982 he was a test pilot at the State Air Force Research Institute named after Chkalov.
Until 1991, test pilot at the LII, then test pilot at the Mikoyan Design Bureau. Since 1991, member of the International Association of Test Pilots. Chief pilot of OKB since 1997
Rimas Stankevicius
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Lieutenant Colonel.
Born on July 26, 1944 in the city of Marijampole (Lithuania). In the army since 1962. In 1966 he graduated from the Chernigov VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force.
Participant in hostilities in Egypt in March 1971 - April 1972.
Since 1973 - in reserve. In 1975 he graduated from ShLI. Since May 1975 - on flight test work at the LII. Conducted a number of tests on fighter aircraft. Participated in spin tests of the MiG-29.
As a co-pilot, he participated in: the first flight of BTS-002 (Atmospheric analogue of Buran), the first automatic landing of BTS-002, the first fully automatic flight of BTS-002. In 1980 he graduated from the Cosmonaut Training Center. Since 1980 - test cosmonaut of OKPKI (since 1988 - deputy head of OKPKI).
As part of the training program for space flight on the Buran, he tested the manual control system and automatic landing system on the Tu-154LL and MiG-25LL, equipped with the Buran control system. He died on September 9, 1990 while performing a demonstration flight on a Su-27 at the Salgaredo airfield (Italy). Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in the city of Kaunas (Lithuania).
Awarded the Order of the Red Star and medals.
Pugachev Viktor Georgievich
Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR), Colonel.
Born on August 8, 1948 in the city of Taganrog, Rostov region. In the army since 1966. In 1970 he graduated from the Yeisk VVAUL and remained there as an instructor pilot. Since 1977 - in reserve.
In 1978 he graduated from ShLI, in 1980 - from the Moscow Aviation Institute.
From December 1978 to October 1980 - on flight test work at the LII. Conducted a number of test works on the MiG-23, MiG-25, Su-15, Su-24, Tu-16LL on the topics of the institute.
Since 1980 - test pilot of the P.O. Design Bureau. Sukhoi. Made the first flight and tested the Su-27K, Su-27KUB; participated in tests of Su-25, Su-27, Su-33, Su-35, Su-34. On November 1, 1989, for the first time in the country, he landed an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft-carrying cruiser (on a Su-27K). He set 12 world aviation records on the Su-27: in 1986 - 7 climb rate records, in 1990 - 1 climb rate record, in 1993 - 4 climb rate and payload records.
Lives in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. Works as deputy chief designer of the P.O. Sukhoi Design Bureau for flight testing.
Awarded the Order of Lenin, “For Services to the Fatherland” 3rd degree, “Badge of Honor”, medals
Beschastnov Alexander Georgievich
Posthumous Hero of the Russian Federation, Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation, Senior Lieutenant.
Born on April 14, 1957 in the city of Irkutsk. In the army since 1974. In 1978 he graduated from the Kachinsky VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1985 - in reserve. In 1986 he graduated from ShLI.
Since July 1986 - on flight test work at the LII.
Conducted a number of test work on fighter aircraft and heavy aircraft. Participated in tests of the M-55 aircraft.
Died on September 12, 2001 during a test flight on the M-101T Gzhel aircraft. Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in the village of Ostrovtsy, Ramensky district, Moscow region.
Awarded medals.
Aubakirov Toktar Ongarbaevich
Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Major General of Aviation, National Hero of Kazakhstan, Candidate of Technical Sciences.
Born on July 27, 1946 in the village of the collective farm named after May 1st, Karkaraly district, Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). He worked as a turner at a foundry and mechanical plant in the city of Temirtau, Karaganda region. In 1965 he graduated from the Karaganda Aviation Training Center.
In the army since 1965. In 1969 he graduated from the Armavir VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1975 - in reserve. In 1976 he graduated from ShLI, in 1979 from MAI. In 1976 - test pilot at the Ulan-Udinsky aircraft plant; tested serial MiG-27.
From August 1976 to September 1991 - on flight test work at the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau. He took to the skies and tested the MiG-29 (“9-14”) (02/13/1985), MiG-31M/2 (“052”), MiG-29M/2, MiG-29K (“9-31”), MiG-31B. Participated in tests of MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, MiG-29, MiG-31 and their modifications; conducted tests on refueling the MiG-31. On November 1, 1989, the MiG-29K took off for the first time in the country from the deck of an aircraft-carrying cruiser. On October 3-10, 1991, he made a space flight on board the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex. Since 1992 - First Deputy Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since 1993 - General Director of the National Aerospace Agency of Kazakhstan. Currently, he is Advisor to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Defense, Defense Industry and Space. Lives in Astana (Kazakhstan).
He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Badge of Honor, medals, and a foreign order.
Kvochur Anatoly Nikolaevich
Hero of the Russian Federation, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Major. Born on April 16, 1952 in the village of Mazurovka, Chernevetsky district, Vinnytsia region (Ukraine). In the army since 1969. In 1973 he graduated from the Yeisk VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1977 - in reserve. In 1978 he graduated from the ShLI, in 1981 - from the Moscow Aviation Institute, in 1999 - from the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1978-1981 - test pilot at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur aircraft plant; tested production Su-17 and its modifications.
In 1981-1991 - test pilot of the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau. Conducted tests of MiG-29K, MiG-31D; participated in tests of MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, MiG-29, MiG-31 and their modifications.
Since March 1991 - on flight test work at the LII. Since 1995 - Deputy Head of LII. Conducted a large amount of testing on fighter aircraft to practice in-flight refueling day and night; on developing techniques for conducting air combat. Participated in testing various new aircraft equipment on the Su-27 and Su-30. Author of 2 copyright certificates.
Since December 1996 - President of the state unitary enterprise "Pilot Research Center". Conducted a large number of flight research and tests in the areas of ergonomics and satellite radio navigation. During this work, he performed a number of ultra-long flights on the Su-27 and Su-30 (including to the Arctic Ocean, including a flight over the North Pole). Developer of the ideology and layout of the cockpit of the latest generation fighter aircraft (“glass cockpit”).
Lives in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region.
Awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd degree, Red Banner of Labor.
Akhrameev Vasily Ivanovich
Glider pilot, amateur pilot. After graduating from the Faculty of Aeromechanics and Flight Technology of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) in 1985, he worked at the Leningrad Institute named after. MM. Gromova. In 1988, after graduating from graduate school at MIPT, he defended his PhD thesis on problems of aerodynamics, stability and controllability of aircraft in critical flight conditions at high angles of attack.
Since 1991, director of the Wings of Russia partnership at the Leningrad Institute named after. MM. Gromova. Since 1993 - experimental engineer, deputy. Head of the industry complex for training test cosmonauts.
Since 1995 - Deputy Head of LII.
Garnaev Alexander Yurievich
Test pilot first class.
In 1981 he graduated from the Armavir Higher Military Pilot School. He served in a fighter aviation regiment.
In 1987 he graduated from the School of Test Pilots (SHLI), after which he worked as a test pilot at the Design Bureau named after. A.I. Mikoyan.
In 1989 he graduated from the flight testing department of the Moscow Aviation Institute.
In 1993 - postgraduate studies at the Research Institute of Aviation Equipment.
Since 1991, he has been actively participating in international air shows and air shows, as well as in the development of various types of aviation business.
Since 1994 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute named after. MM. Gromova.
Tolboev Magomed Omarovich
Date of birth: 01/20/1951
Place of birth: Dagestan, Gunib district, Sogratl village, Avarets
1969-1973 Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. 1973-1980 Service in the Air Force of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
1980-1981 Test pilot school of the USSR MAP.
1981-1984 Moscow Aviation Institute.
1984-1986 TsPK im. Yu.A. Gagarin.
1981-1993 Test pilot, test cosmonaut of the USSR Ministry of Aviation Administration.
1993-1995 Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Industry, Transport, Energy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. 1999-2000 Chief of Aviation of the Moscow Military District of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Awards: "Golden Star", Hero of Russia, Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR, Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation. Represented to the Order "For Services to the Fatherland" III degree Scientific degree: Graduated from graduate school at the University of Peoples' Friendship, Candidate of Historical Sciences - 1995, "Interethnic relations in the Republic of Dagestan in the period 1985-1995 and the prospects for their development."
Social work: Honorary President of the International Aviation and Space Salon - "MAKS". 1999-2000 Head of Aviation of the Moscow District of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since 1999 Honorary President of the Wushu-San-Da Federation of Moscow
Gromov Mikhail Mikhailovich
Born on February 12 (24), 1899 in the city of Tver. As a child, he lived in the cities of Kaluga, Rzhev, Tver Region, and the village of Losinoostrovsky (now within the boundaries of Moscow). Graduated from the Moscow Real School. From 1910 he was engaged in aircraft modeling. From 1916 he studied at the Imperial Higher Technical School (now MVTU). In 1917 he graduated from N.E. Zhukovsky’s aviation theoretical courses at the VTU.
In the army since 1917. In 1918 he graduated from the Moscow Flight School and remained there as an instructor pilot.
Participant in the Civil War: in November 1919-November 1920 - pilot of the 29th reconnaissance squadron (Eastern Front), pilot of the 2nd aviation wing of the Priural sector of the internal security forces; flew reconnaissance, scattered leaflets and appeals.
In 1920-1922 - instructor pilot at the Moscow Aviation School, in 1922-1924 - head of the combat use department of the 1st Higher Aviation School (Moscow). In 1924 he was temporarily seconded as an instructor pilot and detachment commander to the Serpukhov Higher School of Air Combat, Shooting and Bombing.
In 1923 he became the USSR heavyweight champion in weightlifting.
Since June 1924 - test pilot at the Scientific Experimental Airdrome (VVS Research Institute). He took to the skies and tested the U-2, I-3, I-4, I-4bis aircraft; conducted state tests of R-3, I-1, TB-1. On June 23, 1927, when testing the I-1 for a spin, he performed a forced parachute jump from an airplane for the first time in the country.
Performed a number of long-distance flights:
From June 10 to July 13, 1925, on a P-1 plane with flight mechanic E.V. Rodzevich, he took part in a group flight from Moscow to Beijing. A distance of 6476 km was covered in 52 flight hours.
August 30 - September 2, 1925, on a P-1 plane with flight mechanic E.V. Rodzevich, he flew from Beijing to Tokyo.
On August 31 - September 2, 1926, on an ANT-3 Proletary aircraft with flight mechanic E.V. Rodzevich, he made a circular flight Moscow - Königsberg - Berlin - Paris - Rome - Vienna - Warsaw - Moscow. 7150 km covered in 34 hours 15 minutes of flight time.
July 10 - August 8, 1929 on the ANT-9 "Wings of the Soviets" aircraft with flight mechanic V.P. Rusakov made a circular flight Moscow - Berlin - Paris - Rome - Marseille - Nevers - London - Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Moscow. A distance of 9037 km was covered in 53 hours of flight time.
Since April 1930 - test pilot and commander of the TsAGI squadron. He took to the skies and tested almost all the aircraft of the A.N. Tupolev Design Bureau, created in the 1930s - passenger ANT-9, ANT-14, ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky", ANT-35, reconnaissance aircraft R-6, R -7, TB-3, TB-4, ANT-42 (Pe-8) bombers, as well as a number of experimental aircraft - ANT-13, ANT-25, BOK-15 and others.
On September 12-15, 1934, on an ANT-25 aircraft (co-pilot - A.I. Filin, navigator - I.T. Spirin) made a long flight lasting 75 hours, during which a record aircraft flight range was achieved - 12411 km.
For the execution of the flight and the courage and heroism shown during this process, on September 28, 1934, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
On July 12-14, 1937, on an ANT-25 aircraft (co-pilot - A.B. Yumashev, navigator - S.A. Danilin) made a non-stop flight Moscow - North Pole - San Jacinto (USA) with a length of 10.148 km in a straight line (flight time - 62 hours 17 minutes). 3 world aviation flight range records were set. The entire crew (the first among domestic aviators) was awarded de Lavaux medals (FAI awards).
In 1940-1941 - head of the Scientific and Technical Group of the NKAP. Since March 1941 - head of the Flight Research Institute (its first director). In August-December 1941 he was on a government trip to the United States regarding the acquisition of American aircraft.
Participant of the Great Patriotic War: from December 1941 - commander of the 31st mixed aviation division (Kalinin Front); from February 1942 - commander of the Kalinin Front Air Force. In May 1942 - May 1943 - commander of the 3rd Air Army, created at the Kalinin Front Air Force base. The air army, as part of the Kalinin and Northwestern fronts, participated in the defensive operation in the area of the city of Bely, in the Rzhevsko-Sychevskaya, Velikolukskaya, Rzhevsko-Vyazemskaya operations. From May 1943 - commander of the 1st Air Army. The army under his command, as part of the Western and 3rd Belorussian fronts, participated in the Oryol, Spas-Demensk and Smolensk operations, and attacked railway junctions in the Vitebsk and Orsha directions.
Since June 1944 - Head of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of Front-line Aviation of the Air Force. In 1946-1949 - Deputy Commander of Long-Range Aviation.
In 1949-1954 - Head of the Flight Service Directorate of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, in 1954-1955 - Head of the Flight Service Department of the Ministry of Aviation Industry. Since 1955 - in reserve.
In 1959-1961 - Chairman of the USSR Weightlifting Federation.
Colonel General of Aviation (1944), Honored Pilot of the USSR (1925), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1969), Professor (1937), Test Pilot 1st Class (1940). Awarded 4 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov 2nd degree, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, 3 Orders of the Red Star, medals, foreign awards. Recipient of the FAI award - the de Lavaux medal (1937).
The Flight Research Institute (Zhukovsky) bears his name, on the territory of which his bust is installed. A street in Moscow and a square in Zhukovsky are named after him.
M.M. Gromov set 3 world aviation flight range records (1 of them is absolute).
Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi
Born on February 20, 1909 in the village of Brynkovskaya, Krasnodar Territory. In early childhood, the family moved to Zhdanov (now Mariupol).
“For the heroism and dedication shown during the testing of the first Soviet aircraft with jet engines, posthumously award the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to test pilot Captain Bakhchivandzhi Grigory Yakovlevich.” This is the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 28, 1973.
Grigory Bakhchivandzhi entered the Great Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders as part of the 402nd Special Purpose Fighter Aviation Regiment, formed from test pilots. In less than a month and a half, the brave pilot managed to complete 65 combat missions, demonstrating exceptional courage and fearlessness, and the highest art of combat. Gregory personally shot down 5 fascist vultures and participated in the destruction of five others together with his comrades.
In August 1941, squadron commander Grigory Bakhchivandzhi was recalled to test work. The design bureau was then creating a new type of interceptor aircraft - with a liquid jet engine. Gregory was entrusted with testing this car.
And then came the day of May 15, 1942, which was destined to become the birthday of Soviet rocket aviation. From the very morning, the designers, Gregory's comrades in aircraft testing, and members of the state commission were tensely awaiting the moment when takeoff would be allowed. The mechanics did not leave the car, checking each unit again and again. At 19:00 Moscow time, Bakhchivandzhi took the plane into the sky...
And after a certain time, Grigory Yakovlevich, as they say, gracefully landed the plane, and immediately fell into the arms of friends who congratulated him on his wonderful victory: the first flight of a man on a rocket plane with a liquid jet engine. For this achievement, Grigory Bakhchivandzhi was awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin.
Then there were many more flights.
On March 27, 1943, during the next test, the pilot of the BI fighter reached a speed of more than 800 kilometers per hour. This was the first meeting of a person with the sound barrier. And the first victim on the way to overcoming it...
Grigory Bakhchivandzhi died at 34 years old. He died paving the way for humanity into something new. The first space explorer, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR Yuri Gagarin, noted: “Without the flight of Grigory Bakhchivandzhi, perhaps April 12, 1961 would not have happened.”
Eduard Vaganovich Elyan
Hero of the Soviet Union (04/26/1971), Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (09/20/1967), Colonel.
Born on August 20, 1926 in the city of Baku (Azerbaijan). In 1938-1944 he lived in Norilsk, Moscow, Sverdlovsk. In 1944 he graduated from the Sverdlovsk Special Air Force School.
In the army since 1944. In 1944 he graduated from the 9th VASHPOL (Buguruslan), in 1948 - Borisoglebsk VAUL, until 1951 he was an instructor pilot there.
In 1953 he graduated from the Test Pilot School, and in 1960 from the Moscow Aviation Institute.
From June 1953 to March 1958 - on flight test work at the LII.
Conducted a number of tests on fighter aircraft on the topics of the institute; participated in testing aviation spacesuits.
In 1958-1960 - test pilot of the Sukhoi Design Bureau. Conducted tests of P-1 (1958). In 1960-1982 - test pilot of the A.N. Tupolev Design Bureau. Performed the first flight and tested the Tu-144 (1968-1970), participated in tests of the Tu-22 and other aircraft. Since 1982 - in reserve.
Lived in Moscow, currently lives in the city of Rostov-on-Don.
Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Star, and medals. Awarded the Tissandier diploma (FAI) (1969).
Kokkinaki Viktor Konstantinovich
Soviet test pilot, Major General of Aviation (1943), Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1959), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1959), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1938, 1957). In the Soviet Army since 1925. Graduated from the Borisoglebsk flight school (1930). Served in the Air Force. In 1935-65 he worked as a test pilot at the S.V. Design Bureau. Ilyushin. Kokkinaki made flights: Moscow - Sevastopol - Sverdlovsk - Moscow, 1937; Moscow - Spassk-Dalniy (together with A.M. Bryandinsky), 1938; Moscow - o. Miskou (Misku) in the USA (together with M.Kh.Gordienko), 1939.
He set 14 world records for altitude and flight speed, and conducted factory tests of the Il-2 and Il-10 attack aircraft and the Il-4 bomber. During the Great Patriotic War, he combined the work of a test pilot, head of the Main Inspectorate of the People's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry and head of the LIS. In the post-war period, he tested military and civil aircraft (including Il-12, Il-14, Il-18, Il-62). Flew on 62 types of aircraft. Since 1961 vice-president, since 1967 president, and since December 1968 honorary president of the FAI. FAI Gold Aviation Medal, Wind Rose necklace with diamonds. Member of the USSR Supreme Council in 1937-50. Lenin Prize (1960). Awarded 6 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution.
Yakimov Alexey Petrovich
Fig.1 Tu-4 Bomber
Fig.1 Tu-4 Bomber
Conducted tests on experienced
aircraft, including La-5, Tu-4, Tu-14. Tested in-flight refueling systems. Performed high-altitude flights on aircraft with PD with a turbocharger. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War 1st and 2nd degree, 5 Orders of the Red Star, medals.
Soviet test pilot, colonel, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1960), Hero of the Soviet Union (1966). Graduated from the Orenburg Military Aviation School
(1937). Yakimov worked at the LII and OKB A.N. Tupolev.
Conducted tests on experienced
aircraft, including La-5, Tu-4, Tu-14. Tested in-flight refueling systems. Performed high-altitude flights on aircraft with PD with a turbocharger. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War 1st and 2nd degree, 5 Orders of the Red Star, medals.
Valery Pavlovich Chkalov was born on February 2, 1904, a Soviet test pilot, Hero of the USSR. He was the captain of the plane that made the first non-stop flight over the North Pole from Moscow to Vancouver. We will tell you about seven outstanding pilotsOh-testerI Soviet times.
Valery Chkalov
Chkalov began his breathtaking career as a pilot as an aircraft assembler at the 4th Kanavinsky Aviation Park in Nizhny Novgorod.
From December 3, 1931, he participated in tests - testing the latest fighter aircraft of the 1930s, I-15 and I-16, designed by Polikarpov. He took part in testing tank destroyers VIT-1, VIT-2, heavy bombers TB-1, TB-3, a large number of experimental and experimental vehicles of the Polikarpov Design Bureau.
Chkalov was famous for his “recklessness.” After the accident that occurred in Bryansk, Chkalov was accused of numerous violations of discipline. By the verdict of the military tribunal of the Belarusian Military District on October 30, 1928, Chkalov was sentenced to a year in prison and was also dismissed from the Red Army. He served his sentence for a short time; at the request of Kliment Voroshilov, less than a month later the sentence was replaced with a suspended sentence.
Chkalov became the author of new aerobatic maneuvers - an upward corkscrew and a slow roll. On May 5, 1935, aircraft designer Nikolai Polikarpov and test pilot Valery Chkalov were awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin - for creating the best fighter aircraft.
On July 20, 1936, the flight of Chkalov’s crew from Moscow to the Far East began. It lasted 56 hours before landing on a sandy spit of Udd Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. The total length of the record route was 9,375 kilometers.
On June 18, 1937, Chkalov began flying on an ANT-25 plane across the North Pole from Moscow to Vancouver (Washington State, USA). The flight took place in difficult weather conditions. On June 20, the plane landed safely in Vancouver, Washington, USA. The length of the flight was 8504 kilometers.
Stalin personally invited Chkalov to take the post of People's Commissar of the NKVD, but he refused and continued to engage in flight test work. Chkalov died on December 15, 1938 during the first test flight of the new I-180 fighter at the Central Airfield.
Stepan Mikoyan
Stepan Mikoyan was born on July 12, 1922. He is the son of the famous political figure Anastas Mikoyan. Stepan Mikoyan - Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant General of Aviation. In 1940, he entered the Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School in Crimea. In 1941, he retrained to fly the Yak-1 fighter and in December was sent to a fighter regiment defending Moscow.
From the first days of 1942, Stepan began to participate in Yak-1 flights to cover our troops in the Volokolamsk area. In the winter of 1941-1942, Stepan Mikoyan, as part of this regiment, made 10 successful combat missions. The 11th sortie to cover Istra on January 16, 1942 almost became fatal for Mikoyan - his Yak was mistakenly shot down by junior lieutenant Mikhail Rodionov from the 562nd regiment.
Mikoyan mastered 102 types of aircraft and flew about 3.5 thousand hours. By October 1942, he had flown 14 combat missions. Having carried out 3 air battles, he shot down 6 enemy aircraft as part of a group. Stepan Mikoyan ended the war with two orders.
Mikhail Gromov
Soviet pilot Mikhail Gromov was born on February 12, 1899. He became Colonel General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. As an extremely gifted person, he early showed a variety of abilities, including in music and drawing. After high school, he entered the medical faculty of Moscow University and then served as a military doctor.
Gromov tested many famous aircraft. Performed a number of long-haul flights across Europe, China and Japan.
On September 10-12, 1934, on an ANT-25 aircraft, he made a record flight in terms of range and duration along a closed route - 12,411 km in 75 hours. In 1937, the ANT-25-1 made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the North Pole to the USA, setting 2 world aviation records. For this flight, Gromov was awarded the Order of Lenin.
Vladimir Averyanov
Colonel, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR Vladimir Averyanov was born on October 11, 1934. In 1953, Averyanov graduated from the Stalingrad Aero Club. In 1955 he graduated from the Armavir Military Aviation School of Pilots, then served as a pilot in air defense aviation.
From May 1965 to December 1968 - test pilot at the Kazan aircraft plant. In 1965-1966 he tested serial jet bombers Tu-16 and Tu-22, in 1966-1968 - passenger aircraft Il-62 (co-pilot), as well as their modifications.
From January 1969 to September 1994 - test pilot at the Saratov Aviation Plant. Tested production passenger aircraft Yak-40 (in 1969-1981) and Yak-42 (in 1978-1994). He has many medals and is an Honored Test Pilot of the USSR.
Ivan Dzyuba
Colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR Ivan Dzyuba was born on May 1, 1918. He graduated from the Odessa flight school (1938), participated in the Great Patriotic War as a fighter pilot.
From June 1941 to September 1943, he made 238 combat missions and conducted 25 air battles. By February 1942, he shot down 6 enemy aircraft personally and 2 in the group.
On July 21, 1942, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism displayed, Major Ivan Dzyuba was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. Since 1943 he served as a test pilot.
Nikolay Zamyatin
USSR test pilot, captain Nikolai Zamyatin was born on May 9, 1916 in Perm, graduated from Sverdlovsk State University and the Sverdlovsk Aero Club in 1940.
In January-November 1942 he served as a pilot of the 608th Bomber Aviation Regiment, in November 1942 - December 1944 - a pilot, senior pilot and flight commander of the 137th Bomber Aviation Regiment.
Zamyatin fought on the Karelian Front. Participated in the defense of the Arctic. He made 30 combat missions on the Pe-2 bomber. From 1947 to 1971 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute. Conducted tests of the refueling system on the Tu-2 aircraft, tests of turbojet engines: VK-7 on the Tu-4LL, AL-7 on the Tu-4LL, VK-3 on the Tu-4LL, AM-3M on the Tu-16LL, VD-7 on the M-4LL. Awarded the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.
Mikhail Ivanov
The famous test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Mikhail Ivanov was born on July 18, 1910. Since 1925 he worked as a turner's apprentice in Poltava. Completed a theoretical training course at the Poltava Aviation Club of Osoaviakhim. In the Soviet army - since 1929. In 1932 he graduated from the Stalingrad Military Aviation School of Pilots, then served in combat units of the Air Force.
In 1939-1941, he was a military acceptance test pilot at aircraft plant No. 301, testing production UT-2 training aircraft and Yak-1 fighters. In 1941, he was a test pilot for military acceptance at aircraft factory No. 31. Ivanov tested production fighters LaGG-3, La-5FN and Yak-3.
In November 1941, during the evacuation of the aircraft plant in Tbilisi, he took part in hostilities on the Southwestern Front. In total he made about 50 combat missions.
On April 24, 1946, he tested one of the first Yak-15 fighters. Conducted tests of various modifications of the Yak-3 and Yak-11 fighters. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for the strength and courage shown when testing new aircraft.
Bakhchivandzhi also tested the first jet aircraft, died in 1942, Kokkinaki V.K., my fellow countryman after meeting him at the city theater in Novorossiysk in 1966. I had only one dream - Moscow Higher Technical School and space! Yuri Garnaev, Sergey Anokhin, Akhmet Khan-Sultan, Vladimir Ilyushin (he also wonderfully sang Nikolai Dorizo’s song... If I get sick, I won’t go to the doctors)... Good memory to them, they are the honor and dignity of our Motherland!