We draw clear reflections and highlights on the sparkling surface of kitchen utensils using a graphite pencil.
Let's choose a unique still life from the most common metal objects. First of all, let's pay attention to the reflections that are visible on the sparkling surface. Since the surface of kitchen items is curved, it distorts the objects reflected in it.
Light and shadow
Reflections on a matte metal surface look more blurry than on a polished one.
Squint your eyes to better see the distribution of light and shadow on objects. Remember where the brightest highlights are, for which you will need to leave the white paper untouched.
You can add some other highlights at later stages of work using a mastic eraser.
Thickly shade the deep shadows that surround the highlights, and then use a halftone transition to convey the rounded shape of the objects.
For the pencil drawing lesson you will need:
Large sheet of drawing paper
Graphite pencils B and 4B
Mastic eraser
1 Outlining the contours
Select an object of reference size from the composition you created and mark its size on a pencil. Then, applying a pencil horizontally and vertically to the sketch, determine the coordinates of the boundaries of the outlines of objects, while simultaneously assessing their angles of inclination. Since all objects are round in shape, you will need to draw a whole series of ellipses. Mark the reflections on the lid, ladle, pan and holes in the colander. Draw a handle and its reflection on the lid.
2 Add an intermediate tone
Hold the 4B pencil as described in the Expert Tip and lightly outline the shadows surrounding the highlights on the lid. Draw a clearer line around the rim of the lid and outline the reflections of the windows at its lower edge. Shade the intermediate gray areas on the pot, ladle, colander and bottle.
3 Adding shades to dark tones
Deepen the tone of the base of the colander with a 4B pencil. Draw a label on the bottle and lightly mark a second label that shows through the glass from the back. Shade the bottle with an intermediate mid tone. Use a darker tone to highlight the neck and edge of the bottle. Strengthen all the outlines and draw a handle at the top of the colander. Fill the handle on the ladle with an intense dark tone.
Shading the long one with the tip of a pencil
When you are shading early in a still life painting, use the full length of the lead. Sharpen a 4B pencil with a craft knife until the long tip of the lead is exposed, and apply strokes by holding the pencil almost horizontally to a piece of paper. To keep the tip of the lead sharp, rotate the pencil as you work.
Pencil drawing lesson - next step
Once you have distributed the main tones, you can move on to the most important reflections and highlights that we see on metal surfaces. The reflections of the windows on the lid of the pan look most interesting. Although the outlines of the windows are distorted by the convex surface of the lid, both the dark frame of the frame and the transparent rectangles of glass are clearly visible on them.
4 Draw reflections on the lid
Add dark shadows surrounding the window reflections on the lid. The distinct outlines of the windows will help you convey the shiny metal surface.
5 We continue to shade
Shade the lid of the pan, leaving the white highlights intact. To ensure that these highlights retain clear edges, cut out a mask from paper that follows the shape of the highlight, place it in the desired place and shade directly on top of the mask. Deepen the dark tone on the lid rim, handle and its reflection. Now the lid has a full tonal range. Start by applying an intermediate tone to the side of the pan to represent the ladle being reflected in it.
6 Draw a saucepan and a ladle
Fill in the dark area inside the pan with vertical strokes. Maintain gradations in the tone of the lines to convey the convex shape of the pan. Deepen the reflection of the ladle on the side of the pan using diagonal shading. Draw a dark line under the ladle handle, and then shade the ladle's ladle, marking its edges with darker lines. Draw reflections on the top of the ladle. To cope with this task, squint your eyes. This will help you simplify the outlines and distribute light and shadow more accurately.
7 Finish drawing the colander
Draw the dark spots of the colander holes, starting from the sketches made at the beginning of the work. Outline the handles and rim of the colander with thin dark lines. Shade the surface of the colander with long, oblique lines, changing their direction to describe the curves of the surface. Leave unshaded those places where light reflections should lie. Add reflections to the top of the bottle.
Now the tones are distributed and the reflections are quite clearly described, but the picture can be improved. Add details such as letters on the bottle label. Finally, clean up the highlights from any stray pencil lines.
8 Add a detail
Shade the strip on the bottle label so that the white letters are visible against its background. Deepen the tone slightly on the right side of the neck and on the rim of the bottle.
9 Adding cast shadows
Select the edge of the label on the left side of the bottle. To do this, apply shading over the paper mask. Use long, loose strokes to draw the shadows cast by objects. Take a mastic eraser and erase any stray pencil lines from the highlights.
Lesson on drawing kitchen items with a pencil – the result of the lesson
A Interesting reflections
Convex metal surfaces of objects distort reflections, which take on rather interesting shapes.
B Bright highlights
In those places where the brightest highlights should be, the white paper was left unshaded.
B Matte surface
The shadow on the matte surface of the colander appears more even in tone than the shadows on shiny polished surfaces.
"Skeleton" of the pan
To better navigate the sheet, draw a vertical line in the middle. Mark the height of the pan on it. Draw perpendiculars to both marks in both directions. These will be the axes of the bottom and top cover. The “skeleton” of your saucepan is ready.Ovals and ribs
You may have noticed that a circle, when viewed from an angle, appears to be an oval. You have to draw two identical ovals. You already have their long axes. The upper oval can be drawn with a line of the same thickness. At the bottom, the front part can be outlined with a thicker line, the back - thin and barely noticeable, since it should not be visible in the finished drawing. Now you have the bottom of the pan and the outline of the top. Connect the extreme points of both axes in pairs with parallel lines.Lid and handles
To create a lid, draw another arc over the back of the top oval. It is more convex, but at the same time smoothly turns into a line passing closer to the viewer. At the highest point, draw a small oval with a horizontal long axis - the handle by which the hostess takes the lid. Remove extra lines. The shape of the cover can be emphasized with a line parallel to the rear contour. This line should be thinner. Draw handles - two arcs on the sides of the saucepan. You can depict them as parallel arcs.Pass the saucepan shape
The easiest way to convey the shape of a cylindrical object is by shading. There are two possible ways. You can, for example, apply vertical strokes parallel to the edges. There are no lines in the middle, and the closer to the edge, the denser the strokes are. The second option is arched strokes running parallel to the front of the oval. Just as in the first case, they will be thicker and denser at the side contour lines. In exactly the same way, you can draw a pan with charcoal, wax crayons, or sanguine.The effectiveness of speech therapy classes in kindergarten and at home very much depends on the quality of visual material selected by adults. Bright, varied pictures of dishes for preschool children help to carry out exercises and games that promote:
- enrichment of vocabulary;
- training skills in writing a story;
- correct use of grammatical structures of the native language.
If you choose high-quality images, then children will be much more willing to complete tasks, and positive results from classes will appear much faster.
Here are some tips to help you organize visual activities for your children.
- All cards must be thick enough, with accurate realistic drawings, with detailed images of objects. It is best to find a ready-made set of drawings for kindergarten or download images for this article.
- Give your child the opportunity to first just get acquainted with the pictures for the activity. Let him look at them carefully and ask clarifying questions about the drawn objects. Play "shop" or "memory" with them. Offer to collect cut pictures. You can connect several cut cards from a thematic set and invite your child to “clean up the mess.”
- For classes, you need to find both subject images on a specific topic, and plot ones.
- With one set of pictures or plot drawing, you need to carry out as many different speech therapy games as possible, this will allow you to use all the possibilities of visual material.
- It is necessary to select cards for classes that depict objects and scenes that are well known and understandable to children. The younger the baby, the more relevant this rule is.
Subject pictures
Images of dishes can be divided into several groups:
- tea room (everything that is used for tea drinking);
- dining room (plates, salad bowls, dishes);
- kitchen (pots, pans, stewpans).
It is best to introduce children to the names from each group separately, using part of a thematic set. This rule is especially important to follow with preschoolers 4-5 years old. For older children, you can use mixed sets.
Subject pictures of dishes are suitable for a wide variety of speech therapy games. They help not only enrich the active vocabulary, but also form a whole set of useful speech skills. It is very important that the images on the cards are realistic and well-developed, then children have more opportunities to use the features and characteristics of a particular object in speech.
Cup and saucer 
Spoons 
Forks 
Salt and pepper shaker
Story pictures
Plot pictures on the topic “dishes” are also very useful for speech development. They allow you to compose not only descriptions, but also entire stories.
The pictures “Mom Washing the Dishes” or “Happy Tea Party” help a 3-year-old child come up with a few simple sentences, and at 6 years old the same illustrations can be used to compose a detailed narrative.
Pictures with a plot must be selected for each group of dishes, i.e. the pictures should show a kitchen and a dining room. It’s good if children can see washing dishes, cooking, and decorating a festive table.
Narrative paintings provide an opportunity to practice writing stories, as well as train attention, imagination, and memory.
Games
It is very useful for children’s speech development to conduct didactic games.
- Say the opposite
hot frying pan -
fragile cup -
small plate -
- Compare pairs
The child receives two cards with different objects, and then describes the similarities and differences between them. It can be:
cup - glass
deep plate - saucer
saucepan - kettle
- What's extra
Ask the preschooler to choose four from a set of object pictures so that three can be called one word, and one more image would be superfluous. For example:
cup-glass-glass-pan
plate-dish-glass-saucer
bowl-tureen-cup-teapot
- Match the pairs
Ask your child to find a pair for the piece of utensils you have chosen, and then explain your decision. If a cup is drawn, then he can match it with a saucer, teapot, or glass. In each case the explanation will be different.
- Set the table
Offer to select several items from all the images of dishes:
tea room
glass
kitchen
porcelain
dining room
- Tell and guess
Place all the cards from the Kindergarten Tableware set on the table. The child must take one picture and come up with a descriptive riddle about the drawn object. For example: large, metal, deep - pan; small, porcelain, fragile - a cup.
- Let's put things in order
Cut out several “cabinets” from paper (for kitchen utensils, tableware and teaware). Then ask to place the images of dishes in the desired cabinet, each type in its own.
- Clean plates
Offer to choose any picture with one piece of utensils and name it, and then count to 5 according to this pattern: “You need to wash one cup, you need to wash two cups, you need to wash three cups...”.
In the modern world, it is not difficult to learn to draw, sculpt, make crafts, and develop various artistic skills. Moreover, with the help of detailed master classes, you can turn from the most ordinary beginner into an amateur and self-taught professional without leaving your home. Usually people try to start with elementary objects and things in order to understand the essence of drawing.
How to draw dishes correctly?
At first glance, dishes seem to be a rather complex element. After all, in order to depict it as voluminous, you need to understand where you need to add a shadow. It makes the drawing look realistic. Of course, any image that you want to draw must be divided into simple geometric shapes and lines, which will make it possible to obtain the desired result with their further modification.
Step-by-step drawing lesson using a cup as an example
How to draw dishes with a pencil step by step?
- The first step will be to outline the vertical, which is the middle axis of the future cup. Then you need to draw 2 horizontal lines, where the bottom one is shorter than the top one - these are the middle axes of the top and bottom of the cup. There is one important point - the vertical axis must pass clearly in the middle of the horizontal ones.
- The next step will be drawing ellipses on the horizontal axes. Very carefully, you should connect the bottom and top with identical arcs, which will later become the walls of the finished cup.
- The third stage is the removal of unnecessary auxiliary lines and axis. Then you need to draw a handle.
- Next, we begin to create volume - we outline the thickness of the cup. Using an eraser, we remove a section of the handle that is invisible to the eye, giving it volume and thickness. Now we are working with the shadows on the handle and cup. The near edges should be made more saturated, but the far part should be less contrasting. This allows you to make the cup oriented in space; it is visually perceived correctly and realistically.
- All that remains is to outline a horizontal line in order to create the feeling that the cup is firmly located on the surface, as well as to outline the shadows inside it.
What is important to know when drawing dishes?
When the question arises: “How to draw dishes?” - It's worth learning the basics of drawing. Whatever the design of the object, the near part should be more detailed and contrasting than the far part. It is important to make shadows both on the outside of the object and on the inside.
And at the initial stage, it is important to break any object into geometric shapes and lines for the correct placement on paper and the proportional size of the object.