What does the appearance of fruit trees tell us?
Note the change in color and size of the trees.
A change in leaf color can be caused by:
1. Damage by diseases and pests (, , )
2. Lack (excess) of batteries.
In the last article, we described how to deal with .
Scab
Scab affects leaves, petioles, fruits and shoots. The ovary stops growing and usually begins to fall off. The fruits become infected from the leaves, acquire a deformed shape. Sick trees weaken and may die.
It is important to purchase scab-resistant varieties of fruit trees:
To protect the garden from scab, you need after collection treat trees (mid-October) on the leaves with a 5% solution of urea (urea), and in the spring, before bud break, 7%. Before and after flowering I process Horus. At intervals of 2 weeks it is necessary to make 2 more treatments with the fungicide Skor, and treat the grapes and gooseberries with Topaz.
Lichens and mosses
From lichens and moss in early spring, to bud swelling, trees need to be treated iron vitriol(300-500 grams per 10 liters of water).
Against aphids and suckers, use Aktara, Piremix or BI-58 new.
Mineral nutrition of trees
Lack of mineral nutrition in fruit trees, it can be determined by the color, shape, size of leaves, spots of dead tissue.
nitrogen deficiency
The leaves are small and have a pale green color, the shoots are short and thin, flowering is weak, ovaries fall on fruit trees. With a lack of nitrogen, it is necessary to add 20 grams of nitrogen fertilizer to the soil for each square meter of the near-stem circle, and with a sufficient amount of nitrogen - 10 grams. Additional urea is effective - 30 grams per 10 liters of water.
Potassium deficiency
With a lack of potassium, the leaves of the trees are dark green with a bronze tint, spotty, turn yellow, turn brown and tissues die along the edges of the leaves. It is called marginal burn. And later, wrinkling of leaf blades appears between their veins, all tissues lose. Fruits grow small, ripen slowly.
With a lack of this element, potassium sulfate or potassium magnesia must be added to the soil - 50 grams per 1 square meter, as well as wood ash.
Magnesium deficiency
Poorly formed chlorophyll. The leaves are light green in color. The leaf blade gradually turns yellow, acquiring a red and purple hue along the edges and along the veins. On old leaves, light green spots appear between the veins, then they turn yellowish brown, and the leaves soon fall off.
In the soil you need to add 50 grams per 1 square meter magnesium sulfate.
Phosphorus deficiency
If there is not enough phosphorus, the leaves grow small, dark green, and when dried, they turn black. The fruits grow of poor quality, sour. Signs of a lack of phosphorus begin to appear from the bottom. Then you need to make it into the soil.
Micronutrient deficiency
Fruit trees need trace elements.
As you know, in order for plants to grow and develop well, they need food. And the diet should include not just anything, but certain substances. They are usually divided into several groups.
The first of these includes elements that make up about 98% of the weight of the entire plant. These are macroelements - oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron.
The second group is the so-called trace elements. Their content is small - sometimes a ten thousandth of a percent. Micronutrients include, for example, boron, copper and zinc.
Nutrients and their effect on plants
Macronutrients
Nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen is the most important element in the structure of the plant - not a single cell can do without it. It participates in the processes of respiratory metabolism, photosynthesis, and in addition, it also influences the "procreation", since it is part of the nucleic acids - carriers of heredity.
Since nitrogen is an integral part of chlorophyll, signs of a lack of this element can be easily seen. If the old leaves of the plant have turned light green, there is a nitrogen deficiency. In the future, they will begin to turn yellow and die. Young shoots also do not feel the best - they are weak and thin, they do not grow well. It is worth noting that signs of nitrogen starvation are permissible during the development of flowers, because the reserves of nitrogen and carbohydrates are not unlimited and are simply exhausted.
If nitrogen is in excess, then this is also easy to notice - the foliage becomes dark green. This "bell" also forces to take action. In this state, the plant acutely perceives the dryness of the air and can “pick up” some kind of disease.
Sulfur (S)
A plant cannot do without sulfur either. It is part of proteins and amino acids, and also plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis. This is due to the fact that the element is an integral component of enzymes that ensure the absorption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.
There is sulfur in the cell sap - in the form of a sulfate ion. And then she can do trouble. With a lack of oxygen, all sulfur-containing compounds decompose, releasing hydrogen sulfide, and it is detrimental to the root.
If there is too much sulfur, then the leaves of the plant will quickly fall off.
Potassium (K)
The bulk of potassium is present in the cell sap. This element thins the plasma, and also promotes the synthesis of starch, sucrose, proteins and fats.
As in the case of other important elements, potassium deficiency first of all is reflected in old leaves. They turn yellow, become scorched at the edges, in some places dead areas appear, which gradually grow. In addition, the stems become brittle, the tops of the leaves turn white, old leaves turn red and curl. Plants grow slowly and do not reach large sizes. It is believed that the main reason for small crops is just the same lack of potassium.
Phosphorus (P)
The importance of phosphorus for a plant is also difficult to overestimate. This element is part of the nucleoproteins - the components of the plasma and nucleus. It also plays an important role in the origin of surface cell membranes; a number of enzymes and many physiologically active compounds cannot do without it. Phosphorus takes an active part in the processes of glycolysis, aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.
Dull dark green or even blue-green spots on the leaves, dark green veins are signs of phosphorus starvation. If the situation is not corrected in time, then the cuttings and old leaves will turn purple, and dead areas will appear on the edges. Phosphorus deficiency occurs most often when the pH is above 7 or below 5.5.
In turn, if phosphorus is in excess, then this will negatively affect other elements. Oversaturation will lead to deficiency of iron and zinc.
Calcium (Ca)
Not only the human body can not do without calcium. This element is essential for the plant. Calcium is contained in the cell sap, neutralizing the excess of organic acids formed. Also, calcium is in the plasma, where it is a kind of opponent of potassium. As part of the nuclear substance, this substance plays an important role in the process of cell division, and in addition, in the formation of the cell membrane.
Young plants are more susceptible to calcium deficiency. The following symptoms will tell about this problem: leaves wither, edges and new shoots turn root and die. In addition, deformation of the roots and leaves, white stripes on them are possible.
Excess calcium in young plants slows down growth, makes it difficult to absorb potassium and magnesium.
Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium is part of chlorophyll, plays an important role in respiratory metabolism, and provides various syntheses.
If magnesium is deficient, then this will appear on the old and lower leaves. The edges will suffer first, then the central region. The edges turn white (or turn yellow), while the main and secondary veins, meanwhile, remain green. Sometimes the tips of the leaves curl up, and chlorosis mottle affects young leaves. Yellow spots turn into dead areas, sometimes the leaves completely fall off. In addition, magnesium deficiency will also affect the buds of plants. They are formed in insufficient quantities and develop inferiorly.
If magnesium is in excess, then this does not have the best effect on the absorption of potassium and calcium.
Iron (Fe)
Iron deficiency is most pronounced in plants grown indoors. At the beginning, chlorosis of young leaves is observed. In this case, the affected leaves become smaller in size than healthy ones. If the case is severe, then the plant lacks chlorophyll. As a result, dead zones appear on young leaves, forming a yellow stripe all over the leaf.
trace elements
Bor (B)
It helps cells produce amino acids, seeds, pollen, synthesize carbohydrates by participating in the transfer of sugar, and also plays an important role in the process of respiration and growth. Its deficiency in appearance resembles a lack of calcium and is reflected in young leaves - they turn yellow, then die off. Small brown dots may also form, which grow rapidly. Stems are hollow, brittle, cracked.
Copper (Cu)
It activates enzymes important for the process of photosynthesis, participates in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates. With a lack of this trace element, young shoots die, growth slows down, the leaves become pale green, withered along the edge. The upper leaves weaken, undergo chlorosis, shrink. An excess of copper is even more dangerous than its deficiency, as it is fatal to cells. In this case, iron chlorosis may develop, the growth of the root system will stop.
Zinc (Zn)
Necessary for plant development, since it controls the consumption of carbohydrates, it is important in the production of chlorophyll. In addition, it is involved in the process of ensuring hormonal balance and electron transport. Zinc deficiency is similar to iron and manganese deficiency and appears suddenly. Gray-brown spots appear on the leaves of the middle shoots, which soon spread everywhere. An excess of zinc is toxic for a plant, it can lead to its death.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Another important participant in the full development of the plant. Its deficiency at an early stage manifests itself on old leaves and is characterized by signs of chlorosis. The edges of the leaves fade, twist, yellow spots appear on the inside.
Manganese (Mn)
Participates in photosynthesis, enters the structure of the plant, increases the efficiency of respiration, oxidizes iron. If there is not enough manganese, then this leads to the accumulation of iron in the ferrous form, and this is a poison for plant tissue. To avoid this, you need to give four times more iron than manganese, which is beneficial for the plant.
Ready fertilizers for hydroponics
But you will not need to think about the deficiency or excess of certain elements, look for symptoms and changes in the appearance of the plant, if you use ready-made fertilizers for hydroponics. This is a great option for those who do not have special knowledge, they can confuse the signs, calculate the formula incorrectly and thereby aggravate the situation.
When buying ready-made fertilizer, carefully read the label - there will be all the information on the composition. In almost all fertilizers, you can see the NPK formula - the English abbreviation for the elements Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, which are the main macronutrients. So, for example, in the Flora series fertilizer called Flora Micro, the NPK formula is as follows: "5-0-1". The numbers are the percentage of the named substances in the fertilizer.
If you feed your plants, while observing the measure, your efforts will certainly be rewarded in the form of an excellent harvest!
The lack of trace elements in trees affects the entire plant. You can determine the shortage by color, shape, the presence of spots on the leaves, by the size of the foliage.
Lack of nitrogen
Leaves can tell about a lack of nitrogen. They become small, pale green in color. Shoots are formed short and thin, plants bloom weakly, ovaries fall.
To make up for the lack of nitrogen, 20 grams of nitrogen fertilizer must be applied to the soil for every meter, around the trunk circle. If there are no signs of deficiency, then we introduce a dose 2 times smaller. Urea also works effectively. She needs to be fed foliar. The solution is diluted as follows, 30 g of the composition is taken per 10 liters of water.
Potassium deficiency
If the tree lacks potassium, then its leaves will have a rich dark green color, they will give off a bronze tint. Spots appear, the leaves turn yellow, turn brown, and then the tissues begin to die off at the edges. Edge burns are formed. The next stage, wrinkles appear between the veins, all tissues lose turgor. The fruits ripen for a long time, they themselves are small.
Magnesium sulfate or potassium magnesia will help to fill the deficiency. You need to make 50 grams per square meter. Wood ash also helps.
If there is not enough magnesium?
The leaves of the plants become light green, as chlorophyll is poorly formed. The leaf begins to turn yellow over time, and then purple and red begin to appear along the edges of the veins. If the leaf is old, then light green spots form on it, which turn yellowish-brown. After the appearance of spots, the leaf falls off.
Magnesium sulphate will help against the lack of magnesium. You need to make a top dressing of 50 grams per square meter next to the trunk circle.
Phosphorus deficiency
With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves become smaller, become dark green in color, and turn black when dried. The fruits grow sour, their quality is poor. With a lack of phosphorus, signs begin to appear from the lower part of the tree crown.
Assessing the external condition of tomato seedlings, and then adult plants, most of us cannot say what they lack. But knowing the symptoms of nutrient deficiency for a culture so beloved by all is useful not only for professionals, but also for beginner gardeners.
Nutritional deficiencies in tomatoes. © Mark
Let's look at the main signs of a lack and an overabundance of nutrients in tomatoes. This will allow us not only to achieve higher yields, but also to avoid unnecessary worries, as well as the misuse of chemicals, to which the hand often reaches out at the sight of twisted leaves and all sorts of spots.
The main nutrients for tomatoes are nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Then come calcium, sulfur, magnesium. And finally - iron, boron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum and chlorine.
Consider in detail the symptoms of deficiency and excess of elements:
Lack or excess of nitrogen (N)
Nitrogen is one of the elements most demanded by tomatoes. Responsible for the growth, development and productivity of plants. Both its deficiency and its excess negatively affect this culture.
Tomatoes experience the greatest need for nitrogen nutrition in the early phases of development. During the flowering period, it decreases somewhat and increases again after the formation of the first brush. In the second half of the growing season, the culture's need for phosphorus and potassium comes first, but, again, with a moderate nitrogen background.
Visual signs of nitrogen deficiency:
The lower leaves of tomatoes are the first to lighten and curl. At the same time, the veins on their back side acquire a bluish tint with a red tint. The same color appears on the stems and on leaf petioles. There is a noticeable delay in the development of plants. New foliage grows small, dull, pale green. Premature flowering occurs. Small fruits are formed and, as a result, a small poor-quality crop (fruits are woody).
Visual signs of excess nitrogen:
Growth lead. Tomato leaves are large, juicy, rich in color. Shoots are powerful. Young leaves are fragile, curled into rings. Flowering, and then the ripening of the fruit is late. The harvest is formed meager.
When overloaded with fruits on tassels above the fifth (with an excess of nitrogen against the background of a lack of potassium), flowers and ovaries are shed. Against the background of a lack of phosphorus, dark stripes appear on the fruits.
In addition, an excess of nitrogen leads to a violation of the absorption of iron by plants, increases the susceptibility of tomatoes to diseases.
How to make up for the lack of nitrogen and reduce its excess?
When tomatoes show signs of a lack of nitrogen, nitrogen-containing top dressing is necessary. Suitable ammonium, calcium, sodium, potassium nitrate, urea, manure, slurry. A feature of the introduction of this group of fertilizers is the need for their early incorporation into the soil, since nitrogen tends to volatilize.
If there are signs of excess nitrogen, it is necessary to increase lighting (in greenhouses) and apply fertilizers of the potassium group, as well as flushing the soil with plenty of water.
Nitrogen deficiency in tomato leaves. © sven506
Too little or too much phosphorus (P)
Phosphorus plays a special role in the formation of the root system of tomatoes and laying the quantity and quality of the crop. With its deficiency, the instability of plants to diseases and low temperatures increases.
Visual signs of a lack of phosphorus:
Slow development of plants, and with prolonged starvation, growth stops. Violet or purple coloration of the stem and underside of the leaves. The leaves are wrapped up, with prolonged starvation - down. Young leaves have a smaller angle of inclination in relation to the main stem. Flowering is scarce. Tomatoes are formed small, with no pronounced taste.
Visual signs of excess phosphorus:
Plants have unnaturally short internodes. Young leaves are thin, have a lightening between the veins. The tips and edges of the leaves are burnt. The lower leaves are covered with spots, curled. The harvest is weak.
How to make up for the lack of phosphorus in the nutrition of tomatoes?
Phosphorus-containing top dressings are needed. Suitable: potassium monophosphate, phosphorus flour, highly diluted ash infusion or dry ash. Such top dressing is especially important before the beginning of the flowering phase.
But! Phosphorus-containing fertilizers have a peculiarity: they are poorly absorbed by plants until the soil temperature rises to +15°C and above. Therefore, for seedlings, with optimal lighting and proper preparation of the soil mixture, to eliminate phosphorus starvation, it is enough to raise the temperature to + 23 ° C.
Phosphorus starvation in tomato. © Heath Too little or too much potassium (K)
Potassium is an element responsible for the immunity and productive potential of tomatoes, the taste of their fruits, keeping quality, and the accumulation of vitamin C in them.
Tomato loves potassium! For this reason, when choosing complex fertilizers, it is better to pay attention to those with a lot of potassium.
Potassium deficiency disrupts the nitrogen metabolism of tomatoes. Causes instability to diseases, increases sensitivity to temperature changes and lack of moisture. However, the manifestation of potassium deficiency is not common, mainly during long-term permanent cultivation of potassium-loving crops in the same place, during prolonged rainy periods, or, conversely, with a prolonged lack of moisture.
Visual signs of potassium deficiency:
Young tomato leaves grow small and dark, twist down, become wrinkled, their edges die off. Along the edge and top of old leaves, signs of burnout appear, a rusty tint (marginal burn). Around the necrosis points of the tissue of the leaf blades (spreading from the edge to the middle of the leaf), interveinal chlorosis is observed. The smallest leaf veins fade. Leaf plates gradually dry out, crumble. The plant seems variegated, with a strong lesion - covered with rust.
Tomato growth is slowing down. There is an active formation of stepchildren. Stems thin, brittle, weak. There are few buds. The fruits ripen unevenly, with the formation of dark spots.
On mature tomato fruits, unless it is a varietal feature, a dense yellow spot (the so-called “yellow shoulders”) is formed at the stem. In addition, with a lack of potassium, against the background of excess nitrogen and calcium deficiency, hard veins can form inside the fruit.
Visual signs of excess potassium:
Plants are stunted, form long internodes. New leaves grow smaller, thinner, with chlorosis between the veins. The tops and edges of the tomato leaf plates become brown and die off over time. The lower leaves are covered with brown spots (mosaic), wrinkle, wither, curl, fall off.
Excess potassium leads to difficulty in the absorption of other elements by tomatoes, in particular, calcium and magnesium.
How to make up for the lack of potassium?
Potassium-containing supplements are required. Suitable: potassium sulfide, potassium magnesia, kalimag, potassium monophosphate, ash.
Tomato with prolonged potassium deficiency. © missouribotanicalgarden Deficiency or excess of calcium (Ca)
Calcium is involved in the growth and development of tomatoes. With its lack, the formation of the root system, the formation of root hairs slows down.
Visual signs of calcium deficiency:
The growth of tomatoes slows down, with a strong deficiency, the top can lighten and die. Young leaves with light spots and, as it were, opalines at the tips, with severe starvation, may have an irregular shape. Old leaves are large, dark green. Dropping of buds and ovaries may be observed. With a serious deficiency, blossom end rot develops on the fruit.
Visual signs of excess calcium:
On the leaves of the tomato light spots of various configurations. The veins are green.
How to make up for the lack of calcium?
An excess of nitrogen, potassium and manganese often leads to a lack of calcium. Therefore, you need to make them without violating the rules. To compensate for calcium deficiency, foliar fertilizing with calcium nitrate will be the best option. Calcium chloride, Kalbit C, eggshell infusion are also suitable.
Calcium deficiency in tomato leaves. © plantsondeck Sulfur deficiency (S)
Sulfur plays a significant role in the respiration process of tomatoes. If it is not enough, the plants wither. However, this sign may also be evidence of constant waterlogging of the soil.
Visual signs of sulfur deficiency:
External symptoms of sulfur deficiency are very similar to the signs of nitrogen deficiency. But, if, with a nitrogen deficiency, the leaf apparatus of tomatoes begins to turn yellow from the bottom of the bush, then sulfur - from the top. Over time, lightened leaves on the underside, closer to the petioles, acquire a pinkish tint. Their veins also become bluish with red. The stems grow lignified, thin, hard and brittle.
How to make up for the lack of sulfur?
To compensate for the lack of sulfur, foliar treatments of plants with magnesium sulfate help.
Magnesium deficiency (Mg)
Symptoms of magnesium deficiency appear on tomato bushes during the period of loading with their fruits.
Visual signs of magnesium deficiency:
Tomato leaves, starting from the lower tier, dome-shaped curve upwards, turn yellow, their edge wrinkles and dries out. The veins and the space around them do not change color.
How to make up for the lack of magnesium?
Magnesium deficiency can be replenished by foliar feeding of tomatoes with a solution of Epsom salts, magnesium nitrate.
Tomato leaves with a lack of magnesium. © heimbiotop Deficiency or excess of iron (Fe)
Iron deficiency is most often found on calcareous soils in tomatoes on young seedlings.
Visual signs of iron deficiency:
Yellowing of plants in the direction from the stem to the tips of young foliage. At the same time, the veins lighten in the same direction, remaining green only along the edges of the leaf plates. There is also a lag in growth of the tomato, the formation of small flowers.
Visual signs of excess iron:
At first glance - the causeless death of green leaves. Growth stop. Formation of a small number of flowers. Top death. Withering.
How to make up for the lack of iron?
Iron deficiency is quickly replenished when plants are treated for green mass with a weak solution of ferrous sulfate or ferrous sulfate, repeated 2-3 times.
Tomato leaves for iron deficiency. © Ingo Boron deficiency (B)
The main danger of boron deficiency in tomatoes is the inability to set fruit. In addition, resistance to diseases worsens.
Visual signs of boron deficiency:
With a mild boron deficiency, tomatoes bloom but do not set fruit. The tops are highlighted, twisted down. With a stronger one, which is not common, the leading point of growth dies. Young leaves curl from tip to petiole. Large veins become dark (brown, black), and the leaves become brittle. Stepsons are strongly formed. Dark brown necrotic spots may appear on fruits.
How to make up for the lack of boron?
You can make up for the lack of boron by treating tomato leaves during flowering with a solution of boric acid. It is better to repeat the procedure several times.
Zinc deficiency (Zn)
Zinc plays a leading role in tomato growth and vitamin synthesis. Deficiency of this element occurs on sandy, gravel and carbonate soils.
Visual signs of zinc deficiency:
Young tomato leaves are formed atypically small and narrow, growing slightly upright. Often covered with yellow dots or highlighted. On the main leaves, starting from the lower tiers, gray-brown spots of various sizes appear, exciting and veins. The edges of the sheet plates are twisted up. The leaves gradually dry up completely. The same spots are found on the petioles and on the stems.
How to make up for the lack of zinc?
The lack of zinc in tomatoes is compensated by foliar top dressing with a solution of zinc sulfate.
Copper deficiency (Cu)
Copper is involved in a number of plant processes, including respiration and the formation of stress resistance.
Visual signs of copper deficiency:
Tomato leaves are sluggish (especially apical), whitened at the ends, twisted into a tube. New ones grow small with a bluish tint. Escapes are weak. Flowers fall.
How to make up for the lack of copper?
The lack of copper is replenished by spraying the leaf plates with a solution of copper sulfate.
Manganese (Mn) deficiency
Manganese deficiency in tomatoes is quite rare. Mainly on calcareous soils and when irrigated with very hard water.
Visual signs of manganese deficiency:
The leaves of the tomato are variegated, mosaic. They begin to lighten from the base of the upper tiers. Veins of heterogeneous color, darker than with iron deficiency. The flowers are falling off.
How to make up for the lack of manganese?
Molybdenum deficiency (Mo)
Molybdenum deficiency in tomatoes is extremely rare.
Visual signs of a lack of molybdenum:
Young leaves of a tomato from green become speckled. Subsequently, the bleached tissue swells, the edges of the leaf plates die off, twist inward. The first two pairs of leaves are highlighted and twisted up. In this case, the veins do not change color.
How to make up for the lack of molybdenum?
To compensate for the lack of molybdenum in tomatoes, you can feed them with a solution of ammonium molybdate.
Lack of chlorine (Cl)
Chlorine deficiency in tomatoes is rare. It can only be observed on leached soils.
Visual signs of a lack of chlorine:
Young tomato foliage has a pronounced interveinal chlorosis, irregular shape, fades. On older leaves, a bronze tint develops over time.
How to make up for the lack of chlorine?
You can compensate for the lack of chlorine in tomatoes by foliar treatment of foliage with a solution of potassium chloride.
The painful appearance of tomatoes can also be caused by other reasons: a lack of moisture, for example. © Aimee Other causes of the painful appearance of tomatoes
These are the main signs of a lack of the most important nutrients for a tomato. However, peering into tomato beds, one should not forget that the diseased appearance of plants can also be formed under the influence of various other factors.
In spring, this is a strong drop in temperatures at night. In summer - lack of moisture, diseases, pests. Close proximity to groundwater. Stagnation of water in the root zone. Wind. Natural aging of plants - in the second half of summer, the lower leaves of tomatoes begin to turn yellow.
If all these reasons do not take place, and external signs indicate a lack of one or another element in plants, then it is worth taking care to replenish them.
However, fertilization should occur in a timely manner and not excessively. Since an excess of nutrition also adversely affects tomatoes, as well as a lack of it. For example, one of the signs of overnutrition is the lengthening of the glasses and knees in the tomato brush (areas of the brush that hold the fruit).
It happens that tomatoes lack several nutrients at once. In this case, when the main missing element is introduced (determined by the dominant symptoms), the plants respond to its replenishment, and the remaining signs can be used to judge the lack of the next element.
Fertilization Rules
In order for plants not to suffer from a lack or excess of nutrients, it is necessary to apply both mineral and organic fertilizers according to the rules. Firstly, under the main tillage in early spring or autumn, and secondly, in certain phases of plant development.
To grow tomato seedlings, use a balanced substrate. Timely carry out planned top dressing. Adhere to the recommended temperature and light conditions.
When choosing between traditional and foliar top dressing in terms of lack of elements, it is better to give preference to foliar, since in such a difficult situation for plants, a quick effect is needed.
Foliar top dressing of a tomato is carried out either in the evening or in the early morning. In dry, windless weather. By no means hot. When spraying, both the upper and lower parts of the leaves are treated. Since there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf plates, through which fertilizers dissolved in water are absorbed.