Tasks related to syntactic analysis of text cause difficulties for schoolchildren and students of the philology department. A competently carried out syntactic analysis of a sentence requires quite extensive knowledge in the field of the Russian language. But, having basic concepts, you can successfully cope with the tasks.

What is sentence parsing

Parsing– this is an analysis of the proposal according to the following criteria:

1. Type according to the purpose of the statement.
2. Kind of emotional coloring.
3. The number of stems (hereinafter simple and complex sentences are parsed according to a certain order).
4. Characteristics of the members of the sentence.
5. Constructions that complicate the sentence (if any).
6. Punctuation analysis.
7. Scheme (if required).

Sentence parsing free online

Finding a program that can correctly perform parsing in full, taking into account all the nuances, is quite difficult. But still there are several services on the network that will help solve the problem.

The Seosin.ru resource is the most popular available. When you enter a sentence in the appropriate window, you can get a syntactic analysis of the text.

If analysis requires semantic analysis, it is best to use the program of the famous exchange “Advego”.

Get online solution It is also possible from specialists - philologists and linguists. To do this, you need to go to the appropriate forum (http://gramota.ru/, https://lingvoforum.net/, http://lingvo.zone/). Professionals will definitely help with analysis and give a comprehensive answer to the most difficult question.

Do the parsing yourself

You can comprehend all the intricacies of analysis if you carefully read the information below and practice a little.

I. Purpose of the utterance

Depending on the purpose, proposals are divided into:

1. narrative(convey information, report something, affirm or deny. At the end of such sentences there is a period or Exclamation point);
2. interrogative(contain a question, at the end there is (required!) a question mark);
3. incentive(contain an incentive, appeal, request, demand). Characteristic are incentive intonation, the use of imperative verbs, particles let, let, come on.

II. Emotional coloring

The indicator is the presence of an exclamation mark. There he is - a proposal exclamation point, No - non-exclamatory. Any of the sentences according to the purpose of the statement can become exclamatory.

III. Number of grammar points

Based on the availability of basics, proposals are simple and complex. Simple ones include those in which there is 1 grammatical stem.

Accordingly, a complex sentence must have 2 or more stems.

III. 1. The procedure for parsing a simple sentence

The type of proposal based on the presence of main members should be indicated.

The main members include subjects and predicates.

Subject answers the questions who and what? Can be expressed by almost any part of speech.

Predicate answers the questions what does it do, what is this object, who is it, what is it like, what state is it in? It can also be expressed various parts speech.

Minor members include addition(answers questions about indirect cases), definition(which? whose?) and circumstance(where? when? where? how much? etc.)

III. 1.1 Common and non-common offers

If a sentence contains only main members, it uncirculated. If the sentence has at least one minor member - common.

III. 1.2. One-piece or two-piece

If a sentence has a subject and a predicate, the sentence is two-part. If only one main member – one-piece.

III. 2. Analysis of a complex sentence.

After determining the type of simple or complex sentence it is necessary to disassemble the minor members, find complicating structures and explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Parsing examples

Syntactical analysis of the sentence: The sun was already quite high in the clear sky.

• 1 base - simple,
• The basis is the sun (subject) stood (predicate). Secondary members of the sentence: stood (where?) in the sky (adverbial). In the sky (what?) pure (definition). It was (how?) already quite high (circumstance).

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The rain fell along the garden path.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The bottom line is that the rain has passed.
• Secondary members: walked (where or how?) along the path (circumstance). Garden path (what?) (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactical analysis of the sentence: Blueness appeared between the thinning tops.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The base appeared blue.
• Secondary members: appeared (where?) between the tops (circumstance), (which ones?) blue (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: Old handwritten books were worth their weight in gold.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 1 base - simple,
• there are both main terms - two-part,
• there are minor ones - common.
• The basis is that books were valued.
• Secondary members: were valued (how?) as worth their weight in gold (circumstance). Books (what?) old handwritten (definition).
• There are no complicating structures or punctuation marks.

Syntactic analysis of the sentence: The summer was dry, there was almost no rain.

• Narrative, non-exclamatory,
• 2 basics (the summer was dry and there was no rain), so we analyze a complex sentence,
• Part 1 – undistributed,
• Part 2 – common. The secondary member is a circumstance (how?) almost.
• Non-Union.
• The parts are separated by a comma.

Instructions

At the first stage, you need to parse the sentence into members and underline them: the subject - with one line, the predicate - with two, - with a wavy line, the complement - with a dotted line, and the adverbial - with alternating dashes and dots. Sometimes it is also necessary to indicate the connections between the members of the proposal and ask questions to each of them.

If the sentence is simple, indicate the type of predicate: simple (PGS), compound verb (CGS) or compound nominal (CIS). If there are several, indicate the type of each of them. If, however, number each of its parts and draw up a diagram of this sentence, indicating the means of communication (and allied words). In addition, indicate the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory or adverbial clauses: clauses of time, place, cause, effect, condition, purpose, concession, comparison, manner of action, measure and degree or connecting) and the types of relations between them (sequential, parallel or homogeneous ).

Next, describe the sentence, indicating its type by purpose of the statement (declarative, interrogative or motivating), by intonation (exclamatory or non-exclamatory) and by quantity (simple or complex: , complex, non-conjunctive). If the sentence is simple, continue the analysis, indicating the type by the number of main members (two-part or one-part: nominative, definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal or impersonal), by the presence of members (widespread or non-extended), by the presence of missing main members ( complete or), and also indicate how it is complicated (homogeneous members, dissociated members, introductory or plug-in structures, or not complicated by anything). If the sentence is complex, continue the analysis according to the same scheme, but for each of its parts separately.

Video on the topic

Related article

The proposal scheme is not just a faculty whim. It allows you to better understand the structure of a sentence, determine its specifics, and finally parse it faster. Any diagram is, first of all, visual; You will agree that when you are dealing, for example, with Lev Nikolaevich, clarity is very necessary for understanding the proposal.

Instructions

You need to start by determining which parts of the sentence are words. First, determine the subject and predicate - the grammatical basis. This way you will already have a well-defined “stove” from which you can “dance”. Then we distribute the remaining words among the members of the sentence, taking into account the fact that they are all divided into a subject and a predicate group. In the first group, in the second - addition and circumstance. Please also take into account that some words are not members of the sentence (for example, conjunctions, interjections, introductory and inserted constructions), and that several words together make up one member of the sentence (adverbial and participial phrases).

Make a diagram offers, explain the placement of punctuation marks.

Video on the topic

Morphemic parsing words - parsing by composition, definition and selection of significant derivational parts of a word. Morphemic parsing precedes word formation - determining how the word appeared.

Instructions

With syntactic parsing e simple sentence stands out (subject and predicate). Then the type of sentence is determined by the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative or incentive), its emotional coloring (exclamation or ). After this, it is necessary to establish the type of sentence by its grammatical basis (one-part or two-part), by members (common or non-common), by the presence or absence of any member (complete or incomplete). Also, a simple can be complicated (homogeneous or isolated members are present) or uncomplicated.

With syntactic parsing e of a complex sentence, in addition to determining the grammatical basis and type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement, it is necessary to prove that it is complex and establish the type of connection between simple sentences (conjunctive or non-conjunctive). If the connection is conjunction, then the type of sentence is determined by the nature of the conjunction: compound. If the sentence is complex, then you need to find out how coordinating conjunction parts of a sentence are connected: connective, disjunctive or adversative. In a complex complex, the main thing is determined and subordinate clause, a means of connecting the subordinate clause with the main one, the question answered by the subordinate clause, type. If a complex sentence is non-union, then the semantic relations between simple sentences and the placement of punctuation marks is explained. It is also necessary to draw an outline of the proposal.

Video on the topic

Tip 6: How to Define an Indefinite-Personal Sentence

A sentence expresses a message, a motive, or a question. Two-part sentences have a grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate. The grammatical basis of a one-part sentence is represented by either a subject or a predicate.

Instructions

All verbs one-part sentences have a predicate but no subject. Moreover, in a definite personal sentence, the form of the verb and the meaning of the message suggest that the action relates to a specific person: “I love books”, “Find correct solution", "Take care, and honor from a young age."

The verb can be in the first or second person singular form or in the indicative or imperative mood. The first person means that the verbal question is asked from the pronouns “I”, “we”; second person – from the pronouns “you”, “you”. The imperative mood encourages action, the indicative simply conveys information.

The order of parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of offer according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, incentive, interrogative).
2. Determine the type of offer by emotional coloring (exclamation, non-exclamation).
3. Find the grammatical basis of a sentence and prove that it is simple.
4. Determine the type of sentence by structure:
A) two-part or one-part(definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, nominal);
b) widespread or not widespread;
V) complete or incomplete(indicate which part of the sentence is missing);
d) complicated (indicate what is complicated: homogeneous members, isolated members, treatment, introductory words).
5. Parse the proposal by members and indicate how they are expressed(first, the subject and predicate are analyzed, then the secondary members related to them).
6. Draw up a sentence diagram and explain punctuation marks.

1) My fire is shining in the fog(A.K. Tolstoy).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, uncomplicated. Grammar basis - the fire is shining my, expressed possessive pronoun. The predicate refers to the adverb of place in the fog expressed by a noun in the prepositional case with a preposition V.
Proposal outline. At the end of this declarative sentence there is a period.
2) At the end of January, surrounded by the first thaw, they smell good cherry orchards (Sholokhov).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by a participial phrase. Grammar basis - the gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in nominative case, predicate - a simple verb, expressed by a verb in the form of the indicative mood. The subject includes an agreed definition cherry expressed as an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition V, and the circumstance of the course of action Fine expressed by an adverb.
Sentence scheme [,]. At the end of this declarative sentence there is a period; highlighted by commas in the sentence participial, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated because it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.

Parsing a simple sentence

A simple sentence can be parsed as follows:

Underline the parts of the sentence.

Indicate the type of predicate(s): ASG, SGS, SIS.

Make a descriptive analysis according to the following scheme:

1. According to the purpose of the statement:

   - narrative,

   - interrogative,

   - motivating.

   By intonation:

   - non-exclamatory

   - exclamation point.

   In terms of the number of grammatical bases - simple,

   By the presence of one or both main members:

   1) two-part.

   2) one-piece. With the main dick

   a) subject - nominative;

   b) predicate:

   - definitely personal

   - vaguely personal,

   - generalized-personal,

   - impersonal.

   By the presence of minor members:

   - common,

   - not widespread.

   By the presence of missing members:

   - complete,

   - incomplete (indicate which member(s) of the sentence is/are missing).

   According to the presence of complicating members:

   1) uncomplicated,

   2) complicated:

   - homogeneous members of the sentence;

   - isolated members of the sentence;

   - introductory words, introductory and plug-in constructions,

   - direct speech;

   - appeal.

Here is an example of parsing a simple sentence.

Sample parsing a simple sentence:

Doorman, came out at that moment from the door of the restaurant hanger into the yard to smoke, trampled on the cigarette and moved towards the ghost with the obvious purpose of blocking his access to the restaurant, but for some reason he did not do this and stopped, smiling stupidly (M. A. Bulgakov).

Parsing is one of the most difficult topics in the Russian language program. Many people do not even understand what parsing is and why it is needed. It is this analysis that allows you to see the structure of the sentence, and this, in turn, increases the level of punctuation literacy. You can parse a phrase, a simple sentence, and different types complex sentences.

Syntactic analysis of phrases

Firstly, from the sentence it is necessary to isolate the phrase we are interested in from the context. Secondly, it is necessary to determine which word is the main word and which is the dependent word. Determine what parts of speech each of them is. Name the type of syntactic connection inherent in this phrase (coordination, adjacency or control).

Phrase parsing is a relatively simple analysis in the syntax section. Let's give an example of parsing the phrase “speaks well.” In this phrase the main word is “says”. He says how? Foldable. “Folding” is a dependent word. The main word “says” is a present tense verb in the indicative mood, third person, singular. "Folding" is an adverb. The type of connection in the phrase is adjacency.

Sentence parsing

In this part of the article we will try to explain clearly what syntactic parsing of a sentence is and what stages it consists of. Sentence parsing is an analysis aimed at studying the structure of a sentence and the relationships between its components. Parsing consists of several sequential operations.

Scheme for analyzing a simple sentence

1. It is necessary to determine what the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement. All sentences in this regard are divided into narrative, interrogative and incentive. If there is an exclamation point at the end of a sentence, you need to note this and indicate that the sentence is also an exclamation point.
2. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence.
3. Describe the structure of the sentence. One-component - only a predicate or only a subject in the grammatical basis. In this case, indicate what kind of sentence it is: definitely-personal, indefinitely-personal, impersonal or nominative. A sentence can also be two-part - there is both a subject and a predicate. Indicate whether the sentence is uncommon or widespread, that is, whether the sentence contains additions, definitions, circumstances. If they exist (minor members), then the proposal is widespread; if not - not widespread. You must also indicate whether the proposal is complete or incomplete. If incomplete, then you need to indicate which member of the sentence is missing in it.
4. Determine whether the sentence is complicated or uncomplicated. A complicated sentence is one in which there is homogeneous members, applications, appeals, introductory words.
5. Determine which part of the sentence each word is and which part of speech they are expressed in.
6. If the sentence contains punctuation marks, explain their placement.

Now we will explain what parsing a simple sentence is, using the example of the sentence: “The girl was sunbathing on the beach and listening to music.”

1. Narrative, non-exclamatory.
2. Grammatical basis: girl - subject, sunbathed - predicate, listened - predicate.
3. Two-part, widespread, complete.
4. The sentence is complicated by homogeneous predicates.
5. Girl is the subject expressed by the noun wives. kind in units h. and im. case; sunbathed - a predicate expressed by a past tense verb in singular. h and women kind; na - preposition; beach - a circumstance expressed by the noun husband. kind in units number and sentence case; and - connecting union; listened - a predicate expressed by a past tense verb in singular. h and women kind; music is a direct object expressed by a feminine noun in the singular. number and blames. case.

Using the example of parsing a phrase and a simple sentence, we explained to you what syntactic parsing is. There are also syntactic analyzes of complex sentences.

Syntactic analysis of a sentence is its complete grammatical characteristics as a syntactic unit. It helps to format them correctly and accurately. It can be used to check the correct use of punctuation marks. In addition, syntactic analysis of sentences helps to consolidate knowledge on the topic “Syntax”.

To parse a sentence, you need to know:

What is the difference between a sentence and a phrase;

What is the difference between simple and complex sentences?

What features are characteristic of it: the purpose of the utterance, intonation and semantic completeness, ;

Types according to the number of grammatical bases;

8. Determine the complicating components (complicated, uncomplicated. If complicated, then indicate what exactly).

Parsing a complex sentence

1. Disassemble the sentences by members, determine how they are expressed.

2. Indicate the purpose of the statement (interrogative, motivating, narrative).

3. Characterize by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory, exclamatory).

4. By the presence of more than one grammatical stem, determine that it is complex.

5. Indicate the type of syntactic connection (conjunctive, non-conjunctive, combination of conjunctive and non-conjunctive).

6. Indicate its type (complex, compound, non-union) and the means of communication in it.

7. Indicate the type of complex sentence (which one is complex or complex).

8. After this, each part of it is characterized separately using the scheme of a simple sentence).

9. Make a diagram indicating the connections between its parts.

EXAMPLE OF SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE:

Lilacs have bloomed in our gardens.

-˖-~~~~~ ˖-˖-˖-˖-=======−−−−−−.

The sentence is declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, extended, complete, uncomplicated.

EXAMPLE OF SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE:

I loved him very much, and he answered me the same.

− − − ˖-˖-˖-˖ =======, −− − − =======− − − −.

Yes and.

The sentence is complex, narrative, non-exclamatory, consists of two parts, which are connected by intonation, the connecting conjunction “yes and” and separated by a comma.

First part (I loved it very much): simple, narrative, two-part, common, uncomplicated.

Second part (He answered me the same): simple, narrative, two-part, common, uncomplicated.

REMEMBER!

When performing a syntactic analysis of a sentence that is part of a complex sentence, we omit its characterization by emotional coloring and purpose of the statement.

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