High-quality ventilation of the basement of a private house makes it possible to use this part of the residential building as an excellent utility room. Extra square meters will not interfere with any zealous owner!
Basement ventilation in a private house removes excess humidity and ensures constant air circulation. Thanks to this, mold and mildew never appear on the basement floor. This means it can be used to store canned foods, vegetables and other supplies throughout the winter. Also, a basement with well-designed ventilation is suitable for setting up a small gym, home workshop or sauna.
Installation of a ventilation system in the basement
The constant exchange of air between the premises of the ground floor and the street guarantees the safety of the floors and foundation of the residential building. These elements of the house are exposed to high humidity first. And the simplest method of protecting them is organizing effective ventilation. The latter, in addition, eliminates the danger of carbon dioxide accumulation in the basements in which home heating equipment is installed. As you can see, ventilation in the underground must be present. It is of great importance for the trouble-free and long-term operation of the entire residential building.
In the basement of a private house it can be built by a more or less experienced home craftsman with his own hands. Here it is only important to correctly determine the type of system suitable for a particular case and understand the features of its arrangement. Ventilation of the basement can be:
- Natural. In this case, the system includes a minimum of elements - supply and exhaust pipes.
- Forced. Such a system usually consists of several exhaust air ducts connected into one network, an air supply device and a special fan that extracts air from the underground.
With a minimum of time and money, ventilation in the basement of a private house is installed during the construction of a residential building. This system involves the organization of holes of certain sizes in the base. They are called products. You need to correctly calculate the area of such holes, taking into account the following factors:
- the proximity of the location of groundwater under the house to the surface and the type of soil itself;
- depth of placement;
- temperature changes throughout the year and day;
- volumes of precipitation in winter and summer.
A simple option - creating products
In practice, the area of the vents is taken to be 1/400 in relation to the total quadrature of the basement level. In this case, the area of the holes themselves must be at least 0.5 square meters. m., and the diameter is 12.5 cm and above. The effectiveness of such ventilation will depend on the weather conditions outside, air temperature, wind direction and strength. In an ordinary house with a standard square footage (70–80 sq. m.) and a simple layout, experts advise making two ventilation holes on each side of the building. If your private home is being built in a lowland or has a complex configuration, you need to build more powerful ventilation. In this case, it is recommended to punch two vents for every 4 meters of the foundation.
The inside of the openings for air circulation should be covered with special nets. They will protect the basement from insects and rodents.
It is ideal if you additionally equip the vents with metal dampers. In summer they must be kept fully open, and in winter they must be covered. With this approach, you will receive controlled natural ventilation, the operation of which you will control at your discretion. If you plan to use the underground for storing fruits, vegetables and similar products in the winter, a system with vents will not suit you. Ventilation holes will also not be able to provide proper air circulation in houses with a large area. Ventilation in such buildings will be ineffective. In such situations, it is better to make a two-pipe ventilation system. More about her later.
A two-pipe system for constant air circulation is suitable for any residential buildings (large and small, with complex and simple layouts). Such ventilation in the underground of a modern private house is done by installing two air ducts. Air is extracted from the basement through one channel, and air is supplied through the second. The specified ventilation ducts are always located on opposite sides of the basement floor, in compliance with the following rules:
- The exhaust pipe is mounted so that its upper end extends 0.5–0.6 m beyond the roof ridge, and the lower end rises above the base of the subfloor by approximately 1.5 m.
- The upper end of the supply channel should rise 1 m above the ground level under the house, and the lower end should be installed 0.5 m from the floor.
Supply and exhaust ventilation
These requirements must be complied with. Then the ventilation of the cellar in your private home will be of really high quality. It is also advisable to control the intensity of air circulation. For these purposes, you can use the previously described dampers. Some home craftsmen make ventilation ducts from wooden boards. It's cheap, but requires some carpentry skills. It is important to ensure that the inside of the channels is very smooth. The boards must be very carefully processed with a plane and ensure that there are no microscopic cracks in the wood. The key advantage of wooden air ducts is that condensation does not form on their walls.
If carpentry is not your thing, you can do it much easier. Just buy regular ones with a cross-section of about 12–15 mm and install them as ventilation ducts. Such an event will require much less effort from you. And be sure to cover the ends of the pipes (top) with neat canopies. They will reliably protect the channels from rain, and will also participate to a certain extent in adjusting the air flow rate into the system. Good to know! The air flow entering the basement level will be more powerful the shorter the supply ventilation duct is compared to the length of the exhaust duct. Take this fact into account if you want to independently regulate the intensity of fresh air supply to the cellar.
In cases where natural ventilation does not cope with the task assigned to it, you will have to spend money on a better project. If you want to use your basement for a private workshop, games or sports room, billiard room, sauna, you need a more powerful ventilation system. It is constructed using the following elements:
- special air intakes and air outlets;
- injection equipment;
- ventilation ducts;
- compartments for mixing air flows;
- diffusers.
The forced system works by mechanically drawing in fresh air, filtering it, heating (cooling) to the optimal temperature and supplying it to the cellar. Simultaneously with the described processes, exhaust air is removed from the underground to the street. Installing forced ventilation in the basement of a private house is a rather complex and expensive operation. But the air circulation system you make will always function in the specified mode and will in no way depend on the weather.
Arrangement of a forced ventilation system
With the least financial costs you can do it as follows. Install a fan in the exhaust ventilation duct (in its internal lumen). When you start this device, it will begin to discharge the air in the cellar. Mount a second fan on the supply duct. It will balance the amount of incoming and outgoing air. Both fans should be connected to the same switch. Moreover, in this case, you need to use electrical equipment that is equipped with a safety circuit breaker. The latter turns off (automatically) the system in the event of short circuits, breakdowns on the housing and other situations inherent in rooms with high humidity (and the basement of any house is classified as such an object).
All work on arranging forced ventilation can be done with your own hands. But it is better to entrust the development of a project for such a system to a specialist in the field of electrical engineering. This is especially true when you plan to use air conditioners to cool or heat the supply air flow and filtration devices. The cost of a professional designer will be relatively small. At the same time, you can create a safe and efficient ventilation system for a basement of any size.
People who run their own households know how much physical effort and time it takes. I want to store the rich harvest from my land carefully and for a long time, so that nothing is lost, and titanic work is not in vain. Such people are wondering how to make a hood in the cellar with their own hands. It does not require a lot of effort and money, and such a thing as a cellar is very useful on the farm.
In fact, there is nothing complicated about it. The main thing is that clean air enters and exits the cellar, creating the necessary circulation of air masses in a confined space. Otherwise, with high humidity in the room, the products will rot, and mold, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms may appear.
Therefore, a properly functioning ventilation system in your cellar will prevent such phenomena.
Pipe placement for efficient ventilation
The supply pipe should be placed so that its end is at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the cellar floor. The upper end of the pipe is located on the surface at the base of the soil. There is no need to raise it very high. It is important that it is located in a ventilated place and air can easily enter there.
The exhaust pipe must be placed at the other end of the cellar, the lower part of the pipe is located on the contrary at the top, 20 - 30 centimeters above the ceiling and goes out onto the roof. It is important that the exhaust pipe is insulated, as condensation can form on it, which increases the humidity in the room. This arrangement will keep the ceiling dry. And the location at different ends of the room will allow air to pass through the entire cellar. If you install the exhaust pipe below 30 cm, the ceiling will be damp and mold or mildew will form on it.
In addition, you need to fence off the pipes from the penetration of moisture, insects, rodents, birds and other debris that can enter the cellar through the pipe. To do this, the end of the supply and exhaust pipes located on the street is covered with a grill.
If desired, instead of a grille, you can use a device called a deflector. The deflector is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe facing the street and provides greater protection against moisture penetration into the cellar, and in strong winds, due to the pressure, air will come out of the pipe faster, which will enhance ventilation in the cellar.
You need to take care of how to properly make a hood in the cellar even before the start of construction in order to avoid unwanted mistakes.
If you do build using two pipes, do not place them close to each other, otherwise the air entering from one hole will immediately exit from the other and ventilation of the cellar will be minimal. Make sure that both pipes are the same size. Inconsistency can cause air to stagnate in the room, creating an ideal atmosphere for rotting. Before starting construction, you should have a cellar ventilation scheme in order to calculate, think through everything in advance and avoid mistakes.
Cellar ventilation with one pipe
The only conditions necessary for ventilation with one pipe are a small cellar area. A large room will not be able to be properly ventilated if there is only one pipe and problems will begin.
Scheme for organizing simple cellar ventilation: two pipes are built into one
For such ventilation, they take a pipe divided into two compartments, through which air enters from one shade and leaves from the other. It is extremely important to place the ventilation in such a place that it is well blown by the wind, otherwise even for a small cellar one pipe will not be enough. Therefore, a diagram of the hood in the cellar is needed in order to understand and measure everything in advance.
After installing the hood, air circulation is checked. For example, you can smoke a room and see how quickly the air clears. You can also attach sheets of paper to different ends of the pipe - one sheet should fit tightly, since air escapes through it and blocks the process, and the other sheet, on the contrary, will not be able to fit tightly.
Fragrance in the cellar
An exhaust hood in the cellar is capable of maintaining optimal air humidity (90%) and eliminating high humidity. But if a situation occurs when water gets inside the cellar and the humidity is increased, it is necessary to correct this.
Organization of condensate collection in the cellar ventilation system
Ventilation alone will not save the situation here. Proper waterproofing of the walls and floor of the cellar is necessary. And, if necessary, install a tank with a tap on the ventilation pipe to collect condensate.
To do this, place containers in the cellar with substances that can absorb moisture from the air - rice, salt (coarsely ground), lime. Even special adsorbents for such purposes are sold. If there is a lot of water, then you must first pump it out, and only then install adsorbents to remove residual moisture in the cellar.
To control air humidity, install an alcohol thermometer. This way you will control changes in air humidity. And if the cellar has a large area, place two - at different ends of the room.
Exhaust fan
The essence of its installation is to forcibly increase ventilation in the room. The fan is installed inside the exhaust duct. Thus, enhancing the removal of air to the outside and, accordingly, increasing the flow of air into the accessory pipe. A cellar hood must be effective and keep food fresh for as long as possible.
The fan power is selected according to the size of the room. A fan that is too powerful will create too much of a draft and cause food to become too cold.
You can install two fans in both pipes, but this requires consultation with a specialist, because for large and complex rooms, everything needs to be specially calculated and thought through so that the hood in the cellar is as efficient as possible.
How to determine the required pipe diameter
With a simple room design, it is possible to calculate the required diameter for cellar ventilation. You need to know that for one square meter you will need 26 square centimeters of ventilation.
Thus, we multiply the area of the room by 26 square centimeters and get a number that must be divided by 3.14. The resulting number is the pipe diameter we need.
How to install an exhaust pipe with your own hands
If the cellar was made first, and only then the exhaust device is installed in the cellar, then first you need to make a hole of the appropriate size. After this, install the pipe at the required distance from the ceiling.
Seal all gaps in the cellar ventilation pipes hermetically
Make sure that there is no excess space left after installing the hood. If this happens, seal the gap hermetically.
If the cellar is built under the house, then the hood can be installed in the fireplace chimney. Thus, the difference in temperature will increase the ventilated air output.
If the hood goes outside, it should be much higher than the supply pipe.
What kind of pipes are used for cellar ventilation?
Now there is a fairly large assortment of ventilation pipes, but asbestos-cement or polyethylene are most often used. Because of their composition, asbestos-cement ones are much heavier than polyethylene ones, but both are equally durable. When installing polyethylene pipes, you may need to weld them; this may not be possible for everyone. Therefore, most often, a specialist is invited to install polyethylene pipes to do this work.
When the question arises - “how to make a hood in the cellar yourself” there is nothing complicated. It’s quite easy to do it yourself with minimal expenditure of money and time. Proper hood in the cellar will help the food be stored for a long time and make you happy on the table.
The basement is an integral part of a modern private house or cottage. It serves to house communications for heating and water supply systems, and can be used as a garage, workshop or vegetable storage. In any case, the basement needs to maintain a given level of temperature and humidity. Dampness negatively affects the safety of agricultural products, leads to the appearance of mold, destroys the walls of the house and negatively affects other objects. Properly equipped basement ventilation will help solve this problem.
Let us note the positive aspects of using ventilation systems in the basement and ground floor: 
- Comfortable microclimate in the house, there is no feeling of dampness on the ground floor;
- Possibility to arrange a storage room, in which a constant temperature and moisture content in the air is maintained;
- Increases the service life of load-bearing structures a residential building or cellar, especially if they are made of wood;
- Operation of gas and heating equipment is not possible in an unventilated area for safety reasons;
- A dry basement will never cause mold spores., causing ARVI, allergies and asthma.
Kinds
All types of ventilation are divided into several types, depending on its purpose, complexity of arrangement and principle of operation. But the principle of operation of any of them will be based on the laws of physics on the movement of air masses. Cold air goes down and warm air rises.
Natural supply ventilation
The simplest, vent system in the foundation or basement. It is installed during the construction of a house and consists of small holes in the upper part of the basement.
If the basement is located below ground level, then the hood is equipped with plastic or asbestos-cement pipes with a diameter of 10-15 cm. They are brought above the surface to a height of 30 cm and covered with grates to prevent debris and rodents. This method is natural and depends on fluctuations in street temperature, wind strength, and humidity.
When calculating its throughput, 1/400 of the total area of the basement is taken - this way we get the total area of all vents.
The holes should be located on the leeward side, least susceptible to precipitation. Houses with a complex foundation shape and located in low-lying areas can have up to one hole every 3-4 meters. We close the vents with gratings on the outside.
This inexpensive option is well suited for ventilation of garages and non-residential basements or as an additional means to the main ventilation system.
Natural exhaust ventilation
Supply and exhaust type. For proper operation, you will need to install two pipes for ventilation, and the supply and exhaust ventilation device looks like this.
- The first pipe is located under the very ceiling of the basement and is designed for the outflow of warm air. We place the exhaust pipe as high as possible, preferably at the level of the roof ridge. This is necessary to ensure good traction. The part of the pipe that is located in the open air must be insulated to prevent freezing in winter and covered with a canopy from precipitation.
- The second pipe for the supply of fresh air is located at a height of 30-40 centimeters from the floor level, and we place its entrance on the street a meter above the ground and cover it with a grille. Convection will occur due to the temperature difference between the street and basement air. Such a system will work most effectively when the supply channels are spaced on different sides of the basement.
All natural exhaust ventilation systems have one drawback - their dependence on weather conditions and prevailing winds. It will not work if the temperature in the basement and outside are equal.
Forced
It is used if natural supply ventilation cannot cope or there is no physical opportunity to use it. Typically used in the following cases:
- Basement area from 40 m2 or has several rooms isolated from each other;
- High humidity premises when condensate in the exhaust duct freezes in winter and impairs the permeability of air masses;
- The architecture of the house does not provide for high ventilation pipes;
- A sauna, cafe, gym, workshop or other is equipped in the basement source of unpleasant odors.
The forced supply and exhaust ventilation device has a system of channels and fans that circulate air.
The main condition is to make the air constantly circulate, which is ensured by the synchronous operation of exhaust and supply fans. Their number is calculated depending on the volume of the cellar or basement and the throughput of the air ducts.
Supply and exhaust ventilation with heat recovery
For a basement floor in which permanent residence is planned, it is not enough to simply install a forced ventilation system. The room must be insulated and waterproofed. The issue of heating and heating is also resolved.
Increasingly, supply and exhaust with heat recovery is being built into such schemes.
Well-heated air enters the exhaust pipe, and in order not to release ready-made calories into the atmosphere, the air is passed through a special ceramic recuperator. When heated, it gives off heat to fresh air. The air flows do not intersect. The efficiency of such a device is 50-90% depending on the design of the heat exchanger. All heat recuperators are very reliable, do not require additional maintenance and can last for decades.
Equipped with moisture traps, dust filters, sensors that monitor humidity and air temperature. For a residential premises, these indicators lie in the range of 50-65% relative humidity and 18-220C. Such systems are most often found in “smart homes”, and their installation is complex and should only be carried out by professionals.
Supply and exhaust ventilation device
Now let's look at how to make ventilation in the basement. The easiest way would be to make ventilation in the cellar or basement of the supply and exhaust type or forced.
First, let's do the calculation.
For 1 m2 of area there should be 25 cm2 of the cross-section of the air duct.
As the ceiling height or humidity increases, the diameter of the duct increases. A wooden box can be divided into two halves for supply and exhaust ventilation, but it is best to use plastic pipes or metal corrugated boxes.
Wooden ventilation parts must be treated against mold and painted.
The supply and exhaust ventilation device can be supplemented with a deflector on the roof of the house. It will create additional vacuum in the pipe and improve the release of warm air. 
A controlled forced system will be much more effective with comparable labor costs. To do this, we will need special duct fans that operate on a voltage of 36 V. This feature is associated with the category of all basements that allow the use of only such currents.
Therefore, a transformer is installed in the electrical panel, reducing the voltage from 220 V to 36 V. And the wiring must be laid in cable channels. These and other rules can be found in.
For small rooms, only one such fan per exhaust arm will be sufficient. The flow of fresh air will be carried out due to the vacuum in the basement. But the efficiency of the system will be much higher if you install a second supply pump and combine their work into one control panel. 
Now on sale you can find programmable control panels with temperature and humidity sensors, and the duct fans themselves are available in all sizes and are compatible with almost any ventilation ducts. For convenience, they are already built into the body, have a protective grille and replaceable filters.
It is preferable to use PVC as pipes for ventilation ducts in your own home. They are strong and lightweight enough to be attached to walls and ceilings using regular dowels. They are not afraid of moisture and temperature changes, and the cost is lower than steel structures.
Condensation will always form in the exhaust ventilation ducts, which must be removed periodically. To do this, you can provide a special hole for draining water. Excess moisture leads to corrosion of metal structures and increases the likelihood of air duct freezing in winter. If this happens, you should definitely clean and defrost the channel.
Functionality check
Determining air circulation is quite simple. To do this, you can use the open flame of an alcohol burner or candle, or attach a sheet of paper to the opening of the exhaust duct. A good hood will hold the leaf securely. A thermometer installed in the area of the supply air duct will not do any harm.
The following signs indicate poor ventilation in a basement or garage:
- The appearance of condensation on the walls, and humidity exceeds 95%. The permissible maximum humidity for storing workpieces and crops is 85-90% at a temperature of 3-40C. For residential premises and garages, humidity levels should not exceed 40-50%;
- Mold and fungal formations on the walls and ceiling;
- Unpleasant smell indoors and heavy stale air;
- Sudden changes in temperature they talk about an incorrect supply and exhaust ventilation device or errors in calculating the channel cross-section;
- In warm weather, condensation may not be noticeable, but in winter the walls will be covered abundantly with frost;
- Carbon dioxide can accumulate in the cellar with vegetables. You can identify it by a dying candle or match. In this case, it is necessary to open all the dampers and ventilate for 24 hours, without going into the room without protective equipment.
The installation of ventilation systems will be much more effective if, together with it, measures are taken to maintain the microclimate:
- Periodic ventilation with the opening of all doors and hatches. This requirement is especially relevant for cellar owners. It is best to do this in the summer, and remove all wooden objects from the cellar;
- Treat walls regularly lime or special compounds. They will protect against mold and unpleasant odors in the room. An approximate recipe for this composition: 3 kg of lime and 50 g of copper sulfate per bucket of water;
- You can combat excess moisture in the air with a sandbox., sawdust, salt, quicklime. Periodically, the box is taken out and thoroughly dried in the sun. In the cellar, you can leave the hole unlocked and cover it with old blankets or mattresses to improve air circulation;
- Installing an additional heat source (small stove, brazier, air heater, lamp) or just a burning candle helps;
- Waterproof your basement or cellars with bitumen compounds;
- Install adjustable dampers for supply and exhaust ventilation. With their help, it will be possible to eliminate drafts and freezing of the basement in winter;
- If the cellar is located in a garage, then it should have a separate ventilation system. High humidity in a vegetable cellar is contraindicated for a car;
- Install a regular home fan.
How much does it cost to do ventilation?
Providing a good microclimate in the basement is inexpensive. Simple options can be made from construction waste and scrap materials; more complex ones will require additional investments.
The cost of the entire system will be influenced by the following factors:
- The area of the basement and the height of the entire building. Using these parameters, the number and size of air ducts are calculated, which will make up a significant part of the entire project;
- Air box material. PVC is cheaper, but has limitations on the size and maximum diameter of the pipe. Galvanized steel is more reliable and allows ventilation of any degree of complexity and configuration, but is much more expensive, heavier and may require special equipment;
- Degree of automation (a simple duct fan costs from 2000 rubles, a switch from 1400 rubles);
- The presence of complex and expensive additional devices - split systems, recuperators, dehumidifiers, hygrometers and sensors (the cost of such a turnkey system can exceed 100 thousand rubles);
Ventilation in the basement is important both for the safety of the food stored there and for the well-being of the entire home. The simplest options can be made independently or laid down during the construction stage. More complex types of ventilation will require special skills and experience. In any case, this system must always be in good working order and promptly serviced.
Cellar ventilation is an integral part of protecting the underground room from high humidity and mold formation. The correct microclimate not only preserves food, but the cellar itself also needs it, because in unfavorable conditions the decoration and material of the walls are destroyed.
A cozy cellar where products truly feel comfortable Source www.homify.ru
How does cellar ventilation work?
In the underground room it is necessary to maintain optimal humidity and temperature. These two parameters are regulated by the movement of air masses. Together with them, evaporated moisture is removed and unpleasant odors are eliminated.
The ventilation device in the cellar is based on a law from a school physics course. Any liquid or gas moves from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The temperature outside is higher, underground a little lower. Based on this, a pressure difference is created and air is sucked into the room through the supply pipe, and then, using an exhaust hood, it is released outside, simultaneously removing odor and excess moisture.
The same principle is used to create wind in hot weather. The greater the difference in pressure, the stronger the flow.
Ventilation system design
The principle of operation is quite simple. To implement it, a supply and discharge channel is sufficient, thanks to which convection is carried out.
Ventilation consists of 5 main elements Source pog.cetiloxa.ru.net
The whole system consists of 5 elements:
exhaust pipe;
protective nets (2, 6);
ventilation hole;
supply pipe;
fan with adjustable grilles.
There may be no electric motor, but it guarantees regular air circulation. If the arrangement is carried out for a living space, then cleaning filters and heat exchangers are also used to increase comfort.
A powerful motor guarantees ventilation independence from air pressure changes Source sv.decorexpro.com
house design
Premises requirements
The following requirements apply to the basement:
Lack of sunlight. In pitch darkness there is less chance of microorganisms developing. The electric light turns on only when there are people inside.
Temperature support. If vegetables and fruits are stored, the required temperature is from +2.5 to +10. Specific vegetables may require different conditions.
Constant air circulation. By complying with this condition, moisture is controlled and unpleasant odors are removed.
Humidity 90%. This indicator is controlled by the strength of the air flow using the grille flaps or the power of the electric motor.
Emergency protection. Engineers must take care to remove drainage water. As a rule, everything is solved by installing a pump to drain water.
Disinfection. Since the premises are not in regular use, it is necessary to carry out sanitary treatment once a year.
Failure to comply with the conditions for the premises leads to the destruction of the cellar Source samstroy.com
Ventilation in the cellar with two pipes provides all the necessary conditions. If its efficiency is not enough, then the efficiency can be increased using additional motors and fans. As a rule, they are installed in rooms larger than 40 square meters. meters. Also extra. traction is necessary when arranging living rooms in the basement.
In winter, the temperature difference reaches its maximum difference. Therefore, a lot of condensate accumulates on the pipes; take care of a reservoir to collect the liquid.
Purchasing materials
The entire set for creating high-quality ventilation consists of the following components:
pipes a certain diameter;
adjustable flaps;
protective mesh;
fan(if necessary);
umbrella for external protection;
deflector(if necessary).
Often, all components can be purchased in one place. The construction company doing the installation can usually recommend a suitable brand of fan and baffle.
Pipes
The optimal hole size guarantees good air flow. The following formula is used for calculation:
S= pipe cross-sectional area
V= room volume
2,8 = constant value
W= flow speed (2-3 m/s standard)
From the cross-sectional area we find the diameter of the circle using the formula:
Let's transform the expression and get:
d= pipe diameter
P=area
π = Pi (3.14)
The square root is found from the resulting number - now the diameter of the pipes is known.
An example of all calculations is given in SI units:
-
P(sq. m)
V(cubic meters)
W(m/s)
It is better to use plastic as a material. It streamlines well, is inexpensive, waterproof and easy to install.
Dampers
Adjustable dampers are installed on both pipes. They control the speed of air flow and affect the humidity of the room. In winter they close, in summer they open slightly.
Fan
Still, an electric motor would be a good idea for any basement space. It provides circulation in the summer. Due to the constant heat, external and internal pressure stabilizes and therefore movement stops. To restore, just turn on the electric motor.
This simple device is installed on the external output holes. It creates reduced pressure and increases air flow. For the basement, you can install the cheapest one; it can replace the fan.
The deflector increases the pressure difference and increases the air flow rate Source kaluga.goodster.ru
To improve the efficiency of the system, it is recommended to adhere to the following recommendations:
Both air holes are located on opposite sides of the room.
The pipes must be the same in diameter and without bends.
Install screens with adjustable shutters on openings indoors. Thanks to this, you can control the traction force.
To remove excess moisture, hang a box of coarse salt or lime in the middle of the room. These substances absorb water vapor well.
When arranging the basement of a residential building, you can adapt the system for all rooms of the building at once. To do this, the supply hole is made under the ceiling of the room and at floor level. Thanks to this, fresh air captures the entire volume of the room and then rushes into the underground.
Accordingly, the more rooms, the more complex the design. If the layout is incorrect, the air flow is disrupted. As a result, all ventilation does not work and only takes up free space; for proper operation it is necessary to carry out engineering calculations
Video description
If the calculations are carried out correctly, ventilation can be arranged without a fan. More details in the video:
Construction stages, timing and cost
As a rule, ventilation is planned simultaneously with the construction of the building; accordingly, the following stages are present:
-
setting.
design and calculations;
There are only 3 stages, and the design is carried out in conjunction with basement calculations. All installation work takes no more than a week, and if the room is already ready, then no more than one day. In terms of cost, the system itself is within 10,000 rubles. In some cases, the amount increases due to technical difficulties of construction.
Checking the quality of work
It is important to check 2 indicators:
Oxygen enrichment.
Humidity level.
For detailed measurements, there is a multifunctional device: it immediately measures humidity, flow rate and other characteristics Source souz-pribor.ru
Professionals can use special equipment to accurately measure indicators, but there are also traditional methods:
Burning match
From a physics course we know that for combustion to occur there must be a sufficient amount of oxygen in the air. If there is not enough of it, the flame will not light or will quickly go out.
We light a match and observe the process of its combustion, which will indicate possible problems with ventilation. A weak flame corresponds to a high carbon dioxide content. To eliminate this, open the grille flaps or increase the fan speed.
The flame will indicate the intensity of air exchange Source zen.yandex.ru
Glass of water
Humidity is an indicator of the saturation of a gas with water particles. Accordingly, the ventilation system must maintain this indicator at normal levels. The easiest way to check is to leave a glass of cold water in the cellar for an hour.
Pour ice water into a glass mug; the outer surface of the container should fog up. Leave the structure indoors for 15-30 minutes. Over time, we observe the consequences:
The fogging has disappeared - the system is functioning correctly and is well calibrated.
The water ran out and a puddle formed - there was insufficient ventilation. There is high humidity in the room.
If the ventilation system fails the test, then you need to take care of additional waterproofing. Cover the walls with slaked lime or place a container of coarse table salt in the room next to the inlet.
If the test is successful, the ventilation has been in service for a long time. Source plus.google.com
As a rule, the problem of high humidity arises when the calculations and construction of the structure are carried out incorrectly. Self-builders often suffer from this problem, because professionals know all the nuances and eliminate the possibility of errors at the design stage.
Artificial smoke
It may be a somewhat extreme, but effective method that allows you to clearly see the effectiveness of air circulation using smoke. Place a smoke bomb or other smoking object in a ventilated space. This test clearly shows how air moves and where stagnation occurs.
Video description
For a detailed explanation of all the nuances of ventilation of basements and cellars, see the video. The operating principle and all engineering calculations are described here:
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of completing unfinished houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Conclusion
The basement is a convenient place to store food. Regular air circulation creates a favorable microclimate and removes unpleasant odors and moisture. The system itself is inexpensive, but brings great benefits to its owners. The main thing here is competent calculation and professional installation.
The cellar must have racks and shelves for storing food, preparations, fresh vegetables and fruits, and be equipped with a ventilation system. Uniform temperature conditions indoors will ensure the safety of food until the next harvest. Proper ventilation of the cellar allows you to maintain optimal conditions for storing vegetables.
This will relieve it from room dampness and high humidity. Using the basic rules for designing ventilation systems, you can stay dry without the help of specialists.
There are several options for how to properly ventilate a cellar: you can use ready-made air conditioning devices and simply install them, or you can make an air duct yourself.
The second option is suitable for domestic use of a cellar, the first - for arranging large industrial storage facilities.
Before ventilating the cellar, you should choose the most suitable system option. They can be natural or forced.
ventilation - diagram 1
Main differences between the systems:
- The forced method involves installing a mechanism - a stationary fan. This seemingly simple method is suitable for large volumes. The cellar fan is placed on the exhaust duct;
- For natural ventilation, a fan is also used, but not permanently, but temporarily - the device is installed for several days to quickly dry the storage.
Features of ventilation arrangement:
- the supply pipe is laid through part of the foundation;
- the supply pipe must be level;
- part of the exhaust pipe must be insulated to prevent condensation.
When choosing a specific type of ventilation system, you should take into account the frequency of use and temperature maintenance mode.
Important! To effectively ventilate any other room, air ducts must have high throughput. To avoid a lack of air mass, it is very important to choose the correct pipe diameter for the cellar ventilation device.
Natural air exchange system
Ventilation of an underground room with two pipes for supply and exhaust purposes is the simplest and most effective way to create a natural air exchange system.
Suitable materials for air duct equipment are asbestos or PVC pipes. For galvanized steel pipes, the correct diameter works - 25 cm2 is required per 1 m2, calculated from the total size.
Opposite corners are usually used to place pipes. This reduces the likelihood of stagnant, moist air forming.
Exhaust system structure
Exhaust pipe - used to purify air masses indoors. Suitable installation location - in one of the corners of the cellar. It is important to note that the lower part of the duct should be installed at the very top of the room. In the room, the ventilation passage must be vertical. At the exit points there should be a protrusion above the ridge part of about 50 cm or more.
To reduce the condensate masses that will form inside the pipe, it is necessary to insulate the air duct. The insulation procedure does not take much time and does not require special skills. To work, you will need one pipe of a slightly larger diameter and mineral wool or other insulation. One pipe is placed inside the second, and the hollow space is filled with insulation.
Installation methods:
- A simple cellar ventilation scheme - through the through method: the pipe passes through the floor, rises along the corner of the wall and is discharged through the ceiling and roof;
- A more complex one is through the wall, when the lower part of the exhaust pipe is located horizontally and rises up already on the surface. This scheme is also suitable for.
The supply pipe provides the cellar with fresh air. Typically the pipe is installed in the corner opposite the exhaust type duct. The height of the open end of the pipe from the floor level is 40-50 cm. Then it passes through sections of the floors and also rises 25-30 centimeters from the floor.
ventilation in the cellar diagram 3
The supply air duct should be installed in such a way that its lower cut does not reach the floor level by about 45-50 cm. Approximately the same distance should be between the upper cut and the ground level.
It is important to note that the upper cut must be covered with a protective grille. This will help protect food supplies from rodents, mice, rats and other uninvited guests. You can use a metal mesh.
Air moves through ventilation ducts due to the difference in the specific gravity of warm and cold air masses.
If the temperature difference is too dramatic, drafts will form inside the room.
Otherwise, on the contrary, the air will stagnate. Valves are used to regulate the movement of air masses. They are installed on both pipes - both exhaust and supply.
Benefits of natural ventilation:
- low cost - ventilating a cellar with your own hands does not require significant financial costs;
- energy saving;
- possibility of self-installation;
- there is no need for constant monitoring, usually only required in winter when there is a sharp cold snap;
- compatibility with other ventilation systems or air conditioning systems that can be installed in the house; if necessary, you can additionally install forced ventilation for the cellar.
Upon completion of installation, it is very important to check the functionality of the system. To check the correct operation of the ventilation system, a regular piece of paper is suitable and should be applied to the ventilation hole.
It is very easy to check: if the sheet oscillates under the air currents, then the ventilation in the cellar is installed correctly with your own hands. In the same way, the functionality of the air duct system in a cellar with one pipe is checked.
Forced air exchange system
Forced ventilation implies the installation of a stationary, permanent fan - the optimal solution for arranging a large cellar. It can also be used for natural ventilation of the cellar, but not permanently, but temporarily. The fan is installed on the exhaust pipe.
Ventilation of a cellar located in a residential building has some peculiarities - the air duct for the influx of air masses is laid only through the above-ground part of the foundation. If there is already a basement, then the supply air duct passes through it. The pipe should be smooth, with a minimum number of bends and corners. You should also pay attention to the length; it should not be very long. The outer section of the exhaust system needs to be insulated.
Cellar exhaust ventilation is usually located inside the load-bearing wall of a cottage or house. If ventilation of the cellar under the house is installed after construction, then special recesses are made in the wall or a passage along the wall.
If the cellar is small in size, then temperature and humidity conditions can be ensured by ventilation even with one supply and exhaust pipe. Forced ventilation of the cellar in winter, when negative temperatures set, can be turned off, since there is no urgent need for additional ventilation of the room.
Ventilation system diagram
If the cellar is already covered, holes are punched in the opposite corners of the walls for the installation of air ducts in increments of 26 cm2 per 1 m2 of area.
The exhaust air duct is lowered inside through the hole so that the lower end is right under the ceiling, the indentation distance is no more than 10-15 cm. The upper part of the hood is brought out into the air through the hole through the roof to a height of 15-25 cm.
The supply air duct is routed into another hole. There should be a distance of at least 20-25 cm from the floor. All cracks are carefully sealed with cement mortar.
The calculation of cellar ventilation is done as follows: the amount of air passed in 1 hour must be multiplied by the volume of the room by the recommended air exchange rate.
Formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of ducts: F = air flow: (air velocity x 3600)
Cellar ventilation in a private house or country house performs 2 important functions at once:
- provides suitable conditions for storing food for a long time;
- helps maintain a comfortable temperature in the house above the cellar.
Improper ventilation of the cellar in the house negatively affects comfort and coziness. In this case, dampness and musty air easily penetrate into living spaces. Sanitary standards are violated, which leads to the risk of developing various diseases among residents of the premises.
Important! Remember that even a tightly closed lid, door or cellar damper will not replace the ventilation system, without which no living space is complete.
Preparing the cellar for food storage
In the warm season, as well as during those periods when food is being prepared for storage, you should open everything, doors, windows, and do not forget about the valves on the pipes. This is done to additionally dry the cellar and establish the same temperature inside.
If the room is heavily saturated with moisture, in order to dry the air faster, all the wood is removed from it and dried separately in the sun. If necessary, the cellar can be ventilated with fans for 3-5 days before storing food.
Simple advice: moisture is removed by placing a bucket of quicklime in the cellar. A popular way to improve draft is to use a candle; it should be placed in front of the exhaust pipe.
An effective way is also to use electric heaters. Fans that are installed in the middle of the cellar are also suitable. After drying with a fan is completed, the walls and ceiling will need to be applied in layers. This should result in a waterproof surface.
In cases where the hood works normally, the ventilation scheme in the cellar provides for normal ventilation not only inside the cellar, but also throughout the living space as a whole.