Roof - the crown of the entire building, its protection and decoration. The comfort of living and energy saving efficiency of the entire house directly depend on the choice of coating and installation of the roofing pie.
Of course, covering a house is not the only component of the general formula for reasonable house building, but nevertheless, it is one of its significant components.
WHAT TYPE OF ROOF IS BETTER
If you decide to build a house yourself, then you should not be too imaginative about the roof configuration. The experience of centuries proves that the most reliable solutions are simple ones. So let's look at roofing options from the most affordable to the most complex.
In our country, a pitched roof is considered something primitive and worthy of covering only a barn or other outbuilding. But in vain!
This is a simple and reliable solution for a private house, especially if it has a complex multi-stage structure resulting from the construction of extensions to the house.
By the way, in Mediterranean countries such roofing is most in demand.
In such a roof there are no valleys (joints with a downward slope where water accumulates). It is easy to install under any type of coating and minimizes material consumption. The only negative is that it is unsuitable for attic spaces.
A gable roof is the “golden mean” for an independent developer.
It is easy to erect and cover with any roofing material; with a sufficient slope of the slopes, it is quite suitable for an attic, but this will require the calculation of a specialist to correctly select the parameters of the rafters and crossbars.
The cruciform roof is a feature of German architecture. Its plus is the relative simplicity of the design, the minus is the presence of valleys, however, the choice of flexible coating will turn this minus into a plus.
Such a roof is good for houses with a square-shaped foundation and a wall length of more than 6 m. Under it, the usable area of the attic is much larger than under a hip roof (see below).
The hip roof is quite simple, but, alas, it “eats up” a lot of usable space in the attic. Therefore, it is chosen for those buildings where the attic is not intended to be used.
The absence of valleys greatly facilitates the work of the roofer and makes operation more hassle-free.
The hip roof, although it reduces the area of the roof space, visually corrects overly elongated buildings.
The greater the slope angle of the slopes, the greater the usable area of the under-roof space and, alas, the consumption of roofing material. Can be covered with almost any type of covering.
Mansard roofing – here the name speaks for itself. This is a rather complex structure, which, if calculated correctly, but with an illiterate choice of proportions, can spoil the appearance of the building, which can make it look look like a huge hat placed on a disproportionately small building.
It will require the developer to have a reverent attitude towards the technology of installation, waterproofing and drainage. Otherwise, spring will give you troubles year after year.
But this is an ideal option for landscaping, which will guarantee a comfortable microclimate without any air conditioning.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF ROOFING COVERING
The appearance of the roof is, first of all, dictated by the architectural features of the structure, but an important role when choosing a covering for it is played by such an indicator as durability compliance roofs to the same level as the entire building.
The decision to lay a short-lived covering on capital oh the structure, guided by its cheapness, can hardly be called reasonable, since the main costs will go to filling the pie, and the difference in the cost of coatings against its background may not be so significant.
The second important selection criterion is matching roof type– flat, mansard, single and gable, hip, green – each type of roof has a corresponding angle of inclination, which affects the retention of the roof’s own weight, snow mass in winter and the rate of water flow during the rainy season.
Issues of material costs ( roofing pie composition), combustibility, noise absorption, environmental friendliness and other construction nuances are largely the personal choice of the developer himself. However, you should not discount them, because they determine the comfortable operation of the building for many years.
So, by saving on the composition of the roofing pie, you can lose in terms of the energy efficiency of the house, which over the entire period of residence can result in a very tidy sum. And saving on noise absorption is simply unacceptable when using the under-roof space as housing.
Now, having decided on the selection criteria, let's move on to a brief overview of the modern roofing market. Let's focus on the most optimal options.
METAL COATINGS
Metal coatings include sheet iron, presented on the market in the form of corrugated sheets, metal tiles and composite tiles, as its variety.
METAL TILES – the leader among roofing coverings in popularity. Lightweight, with a varied palette of shades, it is easily mounted on pitched roofs with any slope. Metal tiles are made from rolled steel using the molding method, covered with a layer of zinc on top (hot-dip galvanization), then a layer of paint and polymer (polyester or polyurethane).
- Life time: 15-20 years
- Roof slope:from 12 0, pitched roof type with non-residential under-roof space
- Roofing cake composition: insulation, vapor and waterproofing
- Pros:lightness, ease of installation, affordable price
- Minuses:low noise absorption, heats up under the influence of sunlight, up to 30% waste when covering roofs with a complex configuration, relatively short service life.
Looks much more interesting in terms of durability COMPOSITE METAL TILES. It is made of profiled steel sheet with an aluminum-zinc layer and coated with mineral granules. In appearance, composite tiles are similar to their ceramic counterpart. The outer layer of coating significantly expands the scope of application of this type of tile in terms of architectural compliance; in addition, the mineral granules do not crumble even when the sheet is bent and reliably protects the steel.
With the same composition of the roofing pie, this type of metal tile has significantly great noise absorption, fifty year service life, and the rough layer of mineral granules prevents avalanches of snow in winter.
SYNTHETIC COATINGS
BITUMEN (FLEXIBLE) TILES , otherwise soft roofing, came in handy in the middle price segment of construction. The composition of this coating is as follows: fiberglass is impregnated on both sides with polymerized bitumen, the outer layer is covered with hydrophobic stone chips - it not only protects the base, but also serves as an effective decor.
For products from “advanced” manufacturers, the bottom layer of the bitumen sheet is covered with a self-adhesive polymer mass and protected with a film. Immediately before installation, the film is removed and the self-adhesive mass, under the influence of the sun's rays, reliably holds all rows of the coating together into a single whole.
- Life time: 30 years or more
- Roof slope:from 10 0 to 60 0, but can also be used on vertical surfaces (in case of insulation of such surfaces, a ventilation facade system is used, followed by cladding with bitumen shingles).
- Roofing cake composition: insulation, steam and waterproofing, OSB sheet (moisture-resistant plywood) as a base.
- Pros:plasticity and ease of installation on roofs of complex configurations, waste minimization, noise insulation, high decorativeness, temperature range from -60 0 C to +120 0 C.
- Minuses:flammability, the possibility of installation is limited by positive temperatures.
NATURAL COATINGS
In the minds of most ordinary people, natural tiles have an aura of elitism and inaccessibility. That is why, of two houses in equal price categories, but with different roofs, preference is given to a house with a tiled roof. But, if you look in more detail and calculate the costs, then a roof with cement-sand tiles is sometimes cheaper than with bitumen tiles, due to the difference in the composition of the roofing pie.
CERAMIC tiles It is made from clay by firing and has a fairly ancient history, dating back to Ancient Rome. Ceramics are universal in terms of decorativeness and deservedly belong to the elite segment.
- Life time:exceeds 100 years, with a thirty-year warranty.
- Roof slope:The recommended slope is from 18 0 to 60 0, in attics up to 76 0.
- Roofing cake composition: insulation, vapor and waterproofing.
- Pros:frost resistance, high noise absorption, environmental friendliness, does not accumulate static electricity, is not flammable, does not require additional costs during operation, does not heat up under the sun, simple installation and maintainability.
- Minuses:the heaviest coating requires a reinforced base.
- Life time:directly depends on the components of the roofing cake (in particular, thermal insulation), manufacturers provide a guarantee for 7-8 years.
- Roof slope:flat from 1.5 0 to 5 0, pitched up to 35 0.
- Roofing cake composition: waterproofing, geotextiles, thermal insulation, drainage filter, soil.
- Pros:green lungs of your home, cools the under-roof space in summer and warms in winter, can be laid over any roof covering, extends the life of the main roof covering, forms a garden with terraces on flat roofs.
- Minuses:The coating is quite heavy, requires a reinforced base, temperature conditions are limited from -25 0 to +80 0.
Whatever type of roof you choose, its basis is a frame - a structure made of beams, crossbars and rafters. Traditionally, it was made of wood, but recently private developers began to use metal profiles for these purposes - LSTK. It is lighter and easier to assemble.
It's good to have a roof over your head. But before comfort and peace reign in your private home, you have to make this very roof.
And to do this, you need to choose a roofing material that will not rust in a couple of years, and will not turn into a leaky sieve. Material on which the rain will not rumble, turning your life into a real extreme. We decided to disassemble each roof down to the screw and create the most independent and unbiased expert review.
Let's be honest about metal tiles
Metal tiles are one of the most popular roofing materials. Lightweight and fairly strong sheets are durable and non-flammable. Such a roof will withstand both the scorching sun and severe frosts. Another benefit is the beauty of a brand new roof. It is possible to choose a coating of almost any color and shade that will harmonize with the walls and the overall design of the site.
Flaws:
- you will constantly hear the “drum roll” of rain and hail (even with good sound insulation);
- you need to very carefully insulate the roof, because thin metal freezes through;
- the coating is easily damaged, after which the sheets will begin to rust;
Ceramic tiles: expensive and bulky
Durable and high-quality material, frost-resistant, absorbs noise well. You can cover the roof with an angle of inclination from 20-22 to 60 degrees.
Flaws:
- expensive material;
- heavy weight, puts a load on the walls and foundation and is not suitable for all houses;
- requires a powerful frame.
Bituminous shingles
Bitumen is not subject to corrosion and does not rot; it itself is a good heat insulator. Such a roof will be silent and durable, provided that the installation rules are followed (the angle of the roof must be more than 12 degrees).
Flaws:
- you need to make a solid base, and this is an additional cost;
- fades and becomes soft in the sun;
- In the cold, the material becomes brittle.
Corrugated sheet
Corrugated sheeting is a thin and light material. You can cover your roof with it yourself; it’s quite easy to work with. Relatively resistant to mechanical stress. Tilt angle (minimum) – 12 degrees.
Flaws:
- thin metal is susceptible to corrosion and may rot over time;
- It transmits noise very much, just like metal tiles;
- you need to do good sheathing and expensive thermal insulation - otherwise in the attic in winter the temperature will be the same as outside;
- a lot of material goes to waste, so despite its low price, the material is not that profitable.
Ondulin - reliable and sound
The roofing material has an official website: http://www.onduline.ru/
Ondulin can be installed independently; it is suitable for roofs with a slope angle of 5 degrees. The material is relatively light and does not place a large load on the walls and foundation. Ondulin can be used to cover roofs of complex structures - it bends well along the “wave”.
The material is suitable for any climatic conditions; it protects well from frost and scorching sun. Another advantage is natural sound insulation.
Ondulin will not begin to leak (manufacturers provide a guarantee of water resistance for up to 15 years!), it does not crack or collapse, and during operation it only becomes stronger, as it sets “tightly”.
If after some time something happens to your roof, you can replace the damaged area rather than covering the entire roof. This is, perhaps, the best choice for a reasonable price - the advantages of the material have already been appreciated by zealous owners. And experts praise it very much for its practicality and good quality - it really lasts up to 50 years.
Flaws:
- fades over time because it fades in the sun (not quickly);
- you need to do a good sheathing to ensure the rigidity of the structure. But to be honest, this point is not a minus either, since proper sheathing is the key to the strength of the roof and the entire house. Provided that all requirements are met, an ondulin roof can withstand wind loads of up to 225 km/h and snow loads of up to 960 kg/m2.
rmnt.net
Which roof to choose: comparing 4 types
The house can be recognized from afar - by its roof. It is its expressiveness that largely determines the appearance of the building. Here, not only the shape of the slopes is important, but also the roofing. There are a large number of materials for finishing roofs, and choosing the right one often becomes a matter of not only practicality, but also prestige.
To begin with, it is worth distinguishing between the concepts “roof” and “roofing”, which are often mentioned as synonyms. The roof is a complex multi-layer structure that protects the house from precipitation and other influences from above. The roof is one of the elements of the roof, its final layer. It is she who takes the brunt of the combined forces of nature. Therefore, the main requirements for roofing materials are simple: they must be reliable, strong and durable.
Modern materials for pitched roofs are divided into three groups:
- Tough. This includes all types of metal tiles, profiled and smooth-rolled sheets, asbestos-cement and corrugated bitumen sheets.
- Piece. This group includes stacked ceramic, bitumen, clay, cement-sand tiles, as well as porcelain tiles and slate.
- Exotic. Straw, reeds, turf, other natural materials and various design finds.
This type of roofing is most popular today in low-rise and cottage construction. Aluminum and copper profiles, galvanized steel and titanium-zinc alloys are used here. These materials are used to produce metal tiles, corrugated sheets, sheet or roll roofing.
Metal tiles repeat the classic laying of natural tiles, which is pleasing to the eye. This relief is obtained by stamping galvanized steel or aluminum with a paint coating. The variety of colors and textures of polymer coatings, various forms of stamping and simple installation - all this makes metal tiles the most popular roofing material.
Advantages
- The low weight of the metal significantly reduces transportation costs and does not create additional load on the roof frame.
- Sheets of metal tiles are easily and quickly attached to the sheathing using roofing screws - 2 people can lay up to 100 m2 per day.
- High corrosion resistance, non-flammability and excellent color retention make this roofing material reliable and durable.
- Metal tiles are sold with a full set of components and gutters.
- This material wins in comparison with bitumen or natural tiles both in price and in the cost of preparatory and installation work.
The disadvantages of metal tiles often include high noise during rain and wind. However, the point is not in the material, but in the structure of the roof itself. When the flooring is done correctly, the metal sheets fit tightly to the sheathing and do not knock on it. The same applies to the organization of drainage. Fractional drops and gusts of wind with properly installed metal tiles will not disturb even the inhabitants of the attic floor.
It is known that a stiffener adds strength to an object. It is on this principle that corrugated sheets are created - profiled or corrugated sheets of galvanized steel.
The disadvantages and positive properties of this roofing material are similar to the characteristics of metal tiles. But there are a number of features:
- Corrugated sheeting waves can be of different heights and have the shape of a trapezoid, sine wave, semicircle, etc.
- The coating with multi-colored polymers emphasizes the unique configuration of this roof and makes it a completely independent product, one might even say - a competitor to metal tiles.
Corrugated sheeting or metal tiles are just a matter of taste, as many experts note.
This coating is made from sheet or coil galvanized steel, copper and zinc-titanium. It is also possible to apply a polymer layer. The peculiarity of a seam roof lies in the installation method. The sheets here are folded at the edge in the form of a groove, which is called a fold. The groove-to-groove connection forms a reliable lock without through holes and completely eliminates roof leakage. Lying folds are used for horizontal fastening, standing folds are used for vertical arrangement of sheets on a slope. After joining the elements, the folded seam is rolled up manually using a mallet or special tools. There are also models with a self-latching lock.
Advantages
- Fast and easy installation. The thickness of the material varies from 0.45 mm to 0.80 mm. The sheets have a width from 60 to 80 cm.
- The roof is resistant to corrosion over the entire area, since the sheets are tightly inserted into each other and do not leave aggressive environments the slightest chance.
- The smooth surface promotes good drainage of water and snow removal.
- The low weight of the material allows the use of lighter roof support structures.
Flaws
- Only highly qualified specialists with professional tools can install it correctly.
- Loses in appearance to any tiles.
- Requires additional sound insulation and grounding.
- You cannot walk on a seam roof. If you need minor repairs, this is very inconvenient.
Profiled non-metal sheet roofing is an economical covering option for pitched roofs of simple geometry.
Classic asbestos-cement slate is made from a mixture of Portland cement, asbestos and water, formed into corrugated sheets. Cement-fiber slate is strengthened with cellulose, polyacrylics or short flax fibers.
Advantages
- Low thermal conductivity.
- Good noise absorption.
- Not flammable.
- Ready for painting. This increases service life.
The sheets are laid along the slope of the roof on a wooden sheathing and secured with screws or galvanized nails, under the heads of which rubber washers are placed. Each sheet is overlapped with the other by one wave and by 1.5–3 cm with the sheet of the top row, this depends on the steepness of the roof.
At the stage of transportation and installation, the main disadvantages of slate appear:
- Fragility.
- Requires extremely careful storage, transportation and installation.
- Due to damage and displacement of individual elements, as well as weakening of roof fastenings, leaks occur.
- Requires regular maintenance, repair and updating.
Euro slate is recycled cardboard or organic fibers pressed into corrugated sheets and bonded with bitumen. Covered with colored vinyl acrylic polymer with good color fastness. Also, paint can be added to the material at the production stage.
Advantages
- Lightweight and durable. Withstands snow up to 300 kg/m2.
- Does not rot or rust.
- Excellent noise absorption.
- It bends. Suitable for surfaces with a radius of curvature of 5 m.
Flaws
- The material is very sensitive to ultraviolet radiation. It heats up quickly and can sag on the sheathing if it is not mounted tightly enough.
- Bitumen crumbles under the influence of freezing and thawing water.
- Flammable
- Due to displacements of layers, roof leaks occur.
Tiles have been established on the roofs of houses since time immemorial. More than 5000 years ago it was already widely used in East Asia. In Europe, tiles became popular in the 16th century - and for a long time defined the architectural image of the Old World. Nowadays, it is still relevant - both classic clay and improved with the help of modern technologies.
Natural tiles are a durable, strong and environmentally friendly material. Based on the feedstock, it is divided into cement-sand, polymer-sand and ceramic. All types have a service life of up to 100 years, tolerate low temperatures well, do not burn, and dampen the noise of rain and hail.
Ceramic tiles are made from clay, molded under high pressure and fired at temperatures above 1000 0C. The result is a sintered shard that does not allow moisture to pass through. There are several basic forms for different types of roofs and installation methods. The kit also includes special elements (end, walk-through, side, etc.), the number of which increases with the complexity of the roof geometry.
Advantages
- Service life up to 100 years, manufacturer's warranty - 20–30 years.
- Highest resistance to non-mechanical influences: humidity, ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes.
- The stacking principle allows the shards to literally flow around any curves of the roof.
- Environmentally friendly material.
- It is easy to replace a damaged element.
- Good sound insulation.
- Unconditional prestige.
Flaws
- Quite expensive material, especially high-quality glazed tiles.
- Installation is done manually. This increases the cost of work.
- Large weight of elements. As a result, there are increased demands on the strength of the roof frame.
- Fragility. It appears under certain physical influences.
- Suitable only for low-rise residential construction. In other cases, the use of tiled roofing is most often not rational.
Cement-sand and polymer-sand tiles are made from sifted sand and held together with a cement or polymer binder. Coloring occurs during the manufacturing process when inorganic pigment is added to the solution. The most common colors vary in brick tones - from yellow to dark red and brown, but green and black are also popular.
Cement-sand tiles are almost identical in properties to natural ones, but cost 2 times less. Polymer-sand tiles have more unique advantages:
- It is lightweight and durable. Weighs 2 times less than ceramics - 21 kg/m2.
- Does not require reinforced rafters.
- Does not break during transportation and installation.
- The disadvantages include:
- Toxic dyes added by unscrupulous manufacturers.
- Low-quality polymer-sand tiles manifest themselves after 2-3 seasons, when they begin to actively fade.
- Builders also complain about the shortage of elements necessary for laying tiles.
Soft bitumen shingles are small flat sheets with shaped cutouts along one edge. A range of colors - from traditional red to decorative moss. The color and roughness of the texture is provided by stone or mineral powder. In terms of expressiveness it almost surpasses other roofing materials.
Advantages
- Continuous waterproofing layer. When heated in the sun, bitumen softens and firmly glues all the elements together.
- Complete absorption of elemental noise. The soft material perfectly absorbs the impact of rain and hail.
- Light weight.
- Easy installation. Bituminous shingles fit perfectly even on roofs with complex geometry.
- Due to its “rubber” properties it does not attract atmospheric electricity. A lightning rod is not needed on such a roof.
Flaws
- Complex repairs that require professionals. One sheet cannot be replaced.
- A solid base and padding carpet are required. This leads to an increase in the cost of the roofing system.
- Ventilation of the under-roof space is required.
- You cannot walk on the flooring in hot weather, as it wrinkles and stains remain. We need special manholes.
The table shows comparative characteristics of roofing materials. They may differ in one direction or another, both due to the quality of the material and installation, and according to the subjective feelings of the owner.
Durability | Excellent | |||
Economical | Excellent |
|||
Environmental friendliness | Excellent | Excellent | ||
Medium difficulty | Medium difficulty | |||
Small | Quite small | Very big | Small |
|
Silence | Below the average | Very high | ||
Expressiveness | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent |
|
Snow dump | Great | Great |
Installing a good roof requires not only a great roof, but also high-quality vapor barrier, insulation and a membrane that protects from moisture and wind.
The pitched roof structure consists of a rafter system. These vertical and horizontal beams form the frame to which the roof is attached. The space between the rafters is filled with insulation. Experts recommend slabs made of mineral wool or staple fiberglass with a thickness of at least 10 cm.
It is also necessary to ensure reliable hydro- and vapor barrier. A vapor barrier film is installed on the inside of the insulation. Then the structure is sheathed with plasterboard, clapboard or other finishing materials.
A layer of hydro-wind insulation is placed on the outside of the insulation. These can be superdiffusion, diffusion or anti-condensation membranes. A ventilated gap of at least 5 cm is left between the insulation protected by such a membrane and the roofing.
The range of insulating materials, mineral wool and fiberglass insulation is very wide, and you can choose a quality product in accordance with almost any budget.
www.myhome.ru
Which roof to choose for a private house and what to make it from
In building a house, each process is important, requiring a serious approach, calculation and implementation of stages. The roof of a structure is one of the most important components of the structure, on which the protective function depends. The roof prevents moisture from entering, protects the house from external factors and helps retain heat indoors. Therefore, it is very important at the design stage of the future structure to decide on the type of structure and select the necessary material. In this article we will tell you which roof to choose for a private home.
Characteristics of roof types
There are a number of specific construction criteria that help you choose the right roof for your home. Criteria include:
- design of the future building;
- architectural design features;
- functional significance of the roof space;
- external factors (ecological conditions, geographical location, climatic conditions);
- location of the house above sea level;
- material used for construction.
Important! The type of roof of the future structure is equipped with mandatory compliance with construction and technical standards.
In order to decide which design option is best for your home, you should consider design options. It is the design options that will tell you how to choose a roof for your house. Types of roofing structures:
- The lean-to type is a simple and inexpensive design, consisting of the structure of one inclined surface, which is fixed to two load-bearing sides of the building and is located over the entire area of the house. This type of roof excludes the presence of good thermal insulation and provides poor protection from the wind;
- Gable type - this type is assembled from two identical slopes, fixed on opposite sides of the building and connected to each other at the ridge. A gable roof is practical, drains water well, does not require the use of complex construction technologies, and has a fairly attractive appearance. The under-roof space allows you to place a heating system or an attic;
For information! A gable roof has a characteristic feature - it is installed according to the parameters of the house; the larger the structure, the more material is consumed.
- Hip-slope type - when choosing this type of roof, additional engineering calculations should be taken into account. The design consists of triangular and trapezoidal slopes, which are highly durable and reliable. However, it should be taken into account that the hipped roof is quite heavy and the future structure must have strong load-bearing walls;
For information! The hip type of roof is classified as hip roof; a structure of two slopes is installed, which completely cover the entire area of the building.
- Multi-gable type - consists of many pitched elements, so they are most often used for multi-level buildings.
A large number of slopes significantly increase the living space and give the house a more presentable appearance.
Characteristics of roofing material
Roofing material plays an important role in the design of the structure; the practicality and reliability of the roof depends on the material. The modern construction market and technologies offer a large selection of materials, so before deciding which roof to choose, we advise you to study the characteristics of the materials. All materials are classified according to their level of hardness, release form and composition. Covering in a private home can be made of:
- mineral materials - in their production they use shale products of natural origin, various minerals and ardrogress;
- ceramic products (ceramic tiles) - made from clay;
- bitumen products - organic substances and processed petroleum products are used in production, these include roofing felt, bitumen slate and tiles;
- metal products - made of zinc, aluminum alloy and copper (galvanized corrugated sheets and metal tiles);
- cement - made from sand, Portland cement and asbestos (slate, tiles);
- polymer products - they are based on PVC and synthetic rubber (membrane, polypropylene).
For information! When choosing a material for roofing, study the characteristics of the product. Remember, manufacturers provide quality certificates and a guarantee for their products.
Roofing materials come in different forms and levels of rigidity (soft or hard). For example, a product may be produced:
- piece by piece (tiles);
- leaf form (slate, ondulin);
- in the form of a roll (polypropylene, rolled membranes).
It is impossible to answer unequivocally which is the best material to choose for roofing work, because... in each specific case, the owner and developer focus on the design of the future building.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
Before choosing a roofing material and performing all installation work, you should study its advantages and disadvantages. The material must not only have an attractive appearance, but also be practical, resistant to external irritants and have high performance characteristics. Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of popular roofing materials.
Metal tiles
Metal tiles are the most affordable and popular. The product is highly durable, the sheets are able to protect the structure from sunlight, frost and wind. Thanks to the large selection of color palettes, the future home owner will have no problems choosing the material to match the design of his structure. Disadvantages include:
- low noise insulation;
- due to the fact that the metal of the product is thin, it is necessary to perform careful thermal insulation;
- the coating is susceptible to rusting and damage.
Ceramic tiles
Ceramic products are high-quality and durable products; a roof made from this material has a high level of noise absorption and is also able to protect the structure from external factors. Among the disadvantages of the material it should be noted:
- the presence of a durable frame;
- the structure is heavy, i.e. the walls and foundation of the house must withstand the load of the roof;
- high price.
For information! If you decide to build a house and cover the roof with ceramic tiles, when installing, take into account the angle of inclination from 22 to 60 degrees.
Bituminous shingles
Bitumen is highly resistant to corrosion and rotting, and is also a good heat insulator. Bitumen makes the house not only attractive, but also silent and durable. When constructing a roof, an angle of inclination of more than 12 degrees should be taken into account. Among the disadvantages of the material it is worth noting:
- in severe frosts the product becomes fragile;
- fades in the sun;
- such a roof increases construction costs, because requires the construction of a solid foundation.
Corrugated sheet
Corrugated sheeting is considered the lightest and thinnest material on the market. It is easy to install and quite simple to work with. It has good resistance to various mechanical damage; when installing the roof, you should take into account the angle of inclination of 12 degrees. Among the disadvantages it is worth noting:
- the product is subject to corrosion processes;
- has low noise insulation;
- requires careful lathing and thermal insulation.
For information! During the process of laying a corrugated roof, a large amount of material goes to waste.
Ondulin
Ondulin is a practical, reliable and highly flexible material, which makes it possible to install the most complex structures. The product perfectly tolerates any climatic conditions, protects from frost and sun, and also has high sound insulation.
For information! Manufacturers of ondulin provide a 15-year guarantee against leakage and cracking of the material. If the roofing process is carried out correctly, ondulin can last up to 50 years.
Among the disadvantages of the material it is worth noting:
- Over time, the product fades in the sun;
- requires good lathing to ensure structural rigidity.
If you decide to build your house and do all the work yourself, we advise you to carefully study the characteristics of roofing materials. Not only the appearance of the structure, but also its performance characteristics, safety and durability of the structure will depend on the selected material.
In addition to the aesthetic qualities that can be noticed at first glance, the roof must first of all be durable and reliable. In order for the performance characteristics of the roof to meet your needs, you should carefully choose its design and shape.
Let's talk about the roof slope
The first classification of the roof is carried out depending on the slope - the angle of inclination of the roof plane relative to the horizon. Roofs can be flat, when the angle of inclination does not exceed 5°, and pitched, when the angle is more than 20°. A flat roof of a private house is rare; most often such buildings are equipped with a pitched roof due to the practicality of this design and traditional ideas about the appearance of a house. An undeniable advantage of a pitched structure is the possibility of saving money by combining a wall and a roof using an attic, because building 1 m2 of wall is more expensive than 1 m2 of roofing.
The slope required by a pitched roof for unhindered drainage of precipitation is its most important characteristic, as well as a measure of practicality and aesthetic qualities. Typically its value lies in the range of 15° - 65° and is selected taking into account the following factors:
- Climatic characteristics of the construction area. In case of large amounts of precipitation, the roof should be steep, with a slope of at least 45°. Dry areas require the creation of less steep slopes. And if the construction site is characterized by frequent and gusty winds, it is advisable to provide a flatter roof covering, the slope of which does not exceed 30°.
- Type of roofing. Roofs made using rolled materials must have a slope of 2-25°, piece elements require a slope of at least 15°, as for large-sized elements such as slate and metal tiles, they are most convenient to lay if the roof slope angle is not lower than 25°ﹾ .
- Presence of an attic floor. The choice of slope is very important, because with a small slope there will be little space in the attic, it will be low, and with a large slope there will be a large unused space under the ridge. The most acceptable slope for an attic lies in the range of 38° - 45°. If the slope does not exceed 30°, then it is better to equip the roof with an attic.
An increase in slope leads to an increase in the cost of roof construction due to the use of more materials, because the rafters are lengthened and the coverage area increases.
Functionality comes first
The first main purpose of the roof is protection from bad weather - precipitation and strong winds. There are two components to the reliability of a roof: the quality of the roofing materials and the shape of the structure itself. When choosing a roof shape, it is important to remember that a large number of joints increases the likelihood of any one of them depressurizing and causing a leak.
The roof structure is selected in accordance with the number of floors and the building plan. If you are planning to equip your house with an attic, you should choose a roof configuration that will provide sufficient comfort in the attic space. The roof determines the appearance of the building, so it is important to maintain a proportion between its size and the dimensions of the house so that the entire structure looks harmonious. Therefore, designs of houses with complex roofs are most often developed for massive, presentable cottages. It will look organic on such houses, but it is unlikely to decorate a small cottage. In addition, an experienced architect is able to beautifully interpret even the simplest designs of houses with a pitched roof. It can also be decorated with high quality roofing material.
House roof design: varieties of shapes
1. Flat roofing is an undeniable element of high-tech houses. Such a roof is more profitable than a classic one, under which an attic would be planned, rather than a residential attic. If desired, it can be made much warmer by laying in a much larger amount of insulation due to the minimum angle of inclination. It is suitable for cottages of the most complex configuration, for which a pitched roof would be too broken and cumbersome. Moreover, a flat roof can be used! Here you can organize an additional recreation area. But for this type of roof it is necessary to provide a snow melting system so that snow does not accumulate on it all winter. Unfortunately, today, due to the low popularity of this design, there are still few construction organizations that can competently implement a flat roof.
2. A pitched roof is the easiest to implement. Well suited for houses with a span of 6-8 m. The direction of the roof slope to the north gives the advantage of creating wide windows on the southern facade, and to the south - installing solar collectors over the entire surface of the roof. In addition, this type of construction is suitable for the use of large-sized sheet materials. Shed roofs are good for both large buildings and extensions - a garage or veranda. Modern architecture offers house designs with several pitched roofs, combined together and inclined in different directions. The slope of such structures is made small in order to avoid building high walls.
3. A house with a gable roof is perhaps the most economical and popular option. This design will ideally cover any rectangular building and is especially suitable for a house with an attic, since the windows located in the gables can provide a sufficient level of ventilation and light in the attic. For the attic, a variation of the gable roof is often used - a sloping roof, characterized by a steeper slope of the lower part (65° - 80°ﹾ relative to the upper part (25° - 30°ﹾ). This allows you to create additional space in the attic room. A vaulted roof made in a circle or any other shape, it is also gable.This type of roof will decorate the protruding elements of the house.
4. Hip roof has good resistance to wind loads. Most often, this roof design is used to cover large buildings and gives the house a more solid appearance compared to a gable roof. The design of such a roof is complex and necessarily contains dormer and dormer windows, which ensures sufficient lighting and ventilation.
5. Hip roof variation– a hip roof is rarely used, as it is suitable only for square-type buildings – gazebos and towers.
6. Half hip designs more reliable and economical, and the attic is ventilated and illuminated using gables. This type of roof is considered a type of gable roof.
7. Broken hip the design combines the qualities of both of these systems. It is used for large, presentable houses and is very difficult to implement. Its main advantages are the beneficial use of the usable space of the attic and aesthetics.
Features of construction
The cost of building a roof consists of the cost of creating a supporting structure, the cost of the roofing pie, the materials of the covering itself and the cost of paying for installation work. The cost of a roof increases with its complexity, because:
- To create a rafter frame, a larger volume of wooden materials is needed.
- As the height of the walls increases, more materials will also be required to create reliable support for the roof.
- Fractures and bends of the roof will increase the consumption of covering material, underlying layers and additional elements, because the area of such a roof will be much larger than a flat one. It is in kinks, bends, and roofs that the risk of depressurization is higher, and repairing the roof at such joints will be more labor-intensive and expensive. Thus, a house with a flat roof, the design and its implementation will be much cheaper than a complex multi-slope structure.
- Installing a roof of complex shape is more labor-intensive and will require the involvement of highly qualified specialists.
- For a complex roof, high-quality piece materials will be required: bitumen or natural tiles, because covering the roof with metal tiles will significantly increase the amount of waste.
In order for your home to look beautiful, harmonious, and be reliable and durable, pay special attention to choosing the appropriate type of roofing structure and develop a house roof design. The right decision can save money and ensure the longevity of your home.
The upper element of the roof, which protects the house from the influence of natural phenomena and mechanical influences, is called the roof. The roof covering not only performs practical functions, but also creates the overall appearance of the entire building. Therefore, choosing the optimal material for roofing is very important. Various types of roofing for the roofs of private houses can make an inexperienced person in these matters confused. But having at least general knowledge about the quality and functionality of a particular type of material, you can successfully select a suitable roofing covering.
What to pay attention to:
Fire resistance and durability;
Architectural solutions.
Metal roof
These types of roofing material for private house roofs are lightweight, which makes it possible to install them on lightweight roofs. The strength of metal tiles allows it to withstand human weight.
She has
Fire resistance and frost resistance;
It has a wide color palette, so with its help you can realize the most daring design ideas and make a private home original and unusual;
In addition, the tiles can have a wave shape, be cascading, Roman, and vary in size and thickness.
Color solutions for metal tiles
Disadvantages of metal roofing:
Poor sound insulation of the house, which is especially noticeable during rain or hail;
Low level of thermal insulation;
A fragile protective layer that is easily susceptible to damage as a result of transportation or installation.
This is what a leaf looks like up close
The cost of such roofing material varies from 200 to 700 rubles per sheet.
Corrugated roofing
Profiled metal sheets, which have a wide color palette, are called corrugated sheets. They are usually made from galvanized steel and are shaped into a recognizable wave-like shape to provide rigidity.
Advantages of corrugated roofing:
Light weight;
Long service life;
Easy installation;
Environmental friendliness and versatility for any home;
Variety of colors;
Beautiful exterior of the house.
However, this roofing material also has a number of disadvantages:
The house heats up quickly in the sun;
May be subject to corrosion if damaged;
Has a high noise level during rain;
If the installation of corrugated sheeting was carried out by non-professionals, then the tightness may be compromised.
The cost of corrugated sheeting is small - from 150 rubles per linear meter.
Ondulin roof
To produce ondulin sheets, cellulose fiber, purified bitumen, and mineral filler are used and they are impregnated with polymer resin. This material for the roofing of a private house has high technical characteristics, which allows it to compete with other materials of this type.
The main advantages of ondulin roofing:
Environmental friendliness;
High noise insulation properties of the house;
This option is resistant to UV rays;
Resistance to fungi, mold, insect damage;
Light weight.
The disadvantages of ondulin are:
Weak resistance to temperature fluctuations;
Low level of fire safety;
Relatively short service life (up to 25 years).
The cost of variants of this roofing material ranges from 300 to 600 rubles per sheet measuring 1.95 * 0.96 m.
Slate roofing
This type of roofing material for roofs, like slate, has been very popular for a long time. It is made from a mixture based on asbestos and cement. Sometimes slate is painted in different colors to match the color of the house, but most often it is used in its original form, that is, in gray.
Advantages of asbestos-cement slate:
Strength;
Does not warm up in the sun;
Does not conduct electricity;
Good maintainability;
Non-flammable;
Not susceptible to corrosion.
Photo of slate replacement
The disadvantages of slate roofing include:
Fragility of building materials;
Heavy weight;
Ability to absorb rain and melt water.
As for the cost, it is quite low - from 150 rubles for a standard sheet.
Flexible roof tiles
Flexible tiles have a high-tech and multi-layer structure and consist of fiberglass impregnated with bitumen and various polymer additives.
Advantages of flexible tile roofs:
Environmental friendliness and safety;
Flexibility and plasticity;
Water resistance;
Durability;
Respectable appearance;
Resistance to mechanical influences.
Flexible tiles can be of different colors
This type of roofing for the roofs of private houses has some disadvantages:
It is difficult to replace an individual element; the tiles quickly heat up in the scorching sun.
Also, the disadvantages include the high cost of such material - from 200 rubles per square meter.
Roll fused roofing
Multilayer guide roll material is made from fiberglass, polymers or bitumen.
Its advantages:
High strength, which reduces the likelihood of tearing during installation;
Good vapor permeability;
Ease;
Environmental friendliness;
Variety of designs;
Possibility of sealing seams by heat welding.
The disadvantages of this roofing option for the roofs of private houses include:
Not very attractive appearance;
Low fire resistance;
Possibility of sliding at large angles of inclination (30 degrees or more).
The price of such roofing material is small - from 350 rubles per roll of 9 m².