Thanks to its amazingly fresh aroma, mint is considered one of the most famous plants used not only in cooking and cosmetology, but also in medicine. In order for the use of the plant to bring real benefits, it is necessary to take into account both the medicinal properties and contraindications of mint.
Different types of mint differ in the level of content of biologically active substances, and their pharmacological value also differs accordingly. Peppermint has the richest medicinal potential.
Mint is a perennial plant with lilac inflorescences, which has a spicy menthol smell and a light refreshing taste. The leaf shape of different plant species varies from semicircular to elongated.
The plant owes its characteristic “minty” smell to the essential oil contained in mint leaves. Peppermint oil can contain up to 60% menthol, an organic substance with medicinal properties. It is thanks to the large amount of menthol that mint has become widespread and in demand in various areas of human activity.
The plant contains:
- vitamins A, C, group B, PP;
- trace elements - manganese, zinc, copper, iron;
- macroelements - potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus;
- tannins;
- gallic acid;
- apigenin from the group of flavonoids;
- bitterness.
Nutritional value: 100 g of mint contains 3.75 g of protein, 0.94 g of fat, 6.89 g of carbohydrates, 8 g of dietary fiber, 78.65 g of water.
Due to its rich chemical composition and valuable medicinal properties, peppermint is officially recognized as a medicinal plant and is grown on an industrial scale.
Mint: medicinal and beneficial properties
The pharmacological potential of mint is due to the presence of essential oil and rich chemical composition.
The list of medicinal properties of the plant is striking in its diversity and comprehensiveness of effects:
- has antioxidant activity;
- calms the nervous system;
- relieves pain;
- promotes the outflow of bile;
- removes excess water from the body, relieves swelling;
- increases the intensity of brain function;
- stops inflammatory processes;
- relieves headaches and migraines;
- improves digestion;
- helps with flatulence, diarrhea and vomiting;
- relieves liver colic;
- facilitates breathing during respiratory diseases and coughing attacks;
- reduces toothache;
- provides a diuretic effect;
- relieves attacks of angina pectoris, stimulates cardiac activity;
- has a tonic and restorative effect on the body.
In addition, the disinfectant and refreshing properties of mint are used to eliminate bad breath.
A pronounced therapeutic effect is observed only when using natural herbs; the use of synthetic mint or menthol substitutes can cause adverse reactions in the body.
Benefits of mint and peppermint
Unlike other types, peppermint and meadow mint (Japanese) contain a record amount of menthol. The characteristic refreshing taste and its cooling properties can be found in toothpaste, cosmetic products or various confectionery products.
In addition, menthol is used in the production of pharmaceuticals because it has antiseptic and bactericidal properties, promotes vasodilation, and also provides a sedative effect.
For medicinal purposes they use:
- as an antispasmodic in the relief of convulsive conditions and stomach cramps;
- to eliminate nausea. Menthol substances effectively affect intestinal motility, irritating the mucous membrane and increasing contractions;
- to stop coughing attacks;
- to relieve muscle pain;
- externally - for inflammatory processes and fungal infections of the skin.
Upon contact with the skin, menthol irritates the nerve endings and promotes their activation, causing a feeling of tingling and slight coldness. As a result of stimulation of cold receptors, capillaries and small vessels located in the upper layers of the epidermis narrow, which contributes to the dilation of blood vessels in the deep tissues.
The substance also has a slight anesthetic effect.
Typically, essential oils obtained from other types of mint are low in menthol.
Use in folk medicine
Folk recipes provide all sorts of ways to use mint or products based on it - teas and decoctions, infusions and juices, oils and tinctures.
The collection of plant materials is carried out in dry weather in June-July - during this period mint begins to bloom and its medicinal properties reach their peak. The plants are not washed, but immediately laid out to dry. It is important to avoid direct sunlight, which reduces its healing power.
Once drying is complete, mint can be stored in glass containers or linen bags for two years.
Tea with mint
The easiest way to not only enjoy the refreshing taste of mint, but also support your body is to make mint tea. Preparing the drink takes a minimum of time, but brings maximum pleasure and healing effects.
Brew a few mint leaves with boiling water and leave for five minutes. Then filter and add sugar or honey, lemon, berries or spices. Tea with mint can be made from black or green tea, prepared in the usual proportions, or with the addition of herbal infusions with chamomile, linden, St. John's wort, rose hips, and thyme.
During the cold season, the aromatic drink is drunk hot. Whereas in the summer heat it is appropriate to cool such tea and serve it with pieces of ice.
Mint-based tea has a calming effect, quenches thirst well and helps restore strength after physical and mental stress.
Women are recommended to drink mint tea during menstruation and menopause. Mint copes well with the inherent pain of menstruation, regulates the menstrual cycle and relieves the unpleasant symptoms of menopause.
Infusion and decoction
Mint infusion is a universal remedy for treating diseases of the digestive tract, respiratory system and heart attacks. In addition, herbal decoctions are used for rinsing, inhalation and bathing.
To prepare a daily dose of decoction for oral administration, take two teaspoons of plant leaves and pour a glass of boiling water. Then leave for an hour. The indicated volume of infusion is taken warm twice a day - morning and evening.
When treating cough, honey is added to the decoction.
To take medicinal baths, a decoction is prepared from 50 g of mint and 8 liters of water. After infusion, add to the bath. The product helps well with rickets, scrofula and joint pain.
Peppermint essential oil
Peppermint oil has powerful healing properties. The essential oil of the plant has a pronounced therapeutic effect in the treatment of colds, loss of voice, cough, intestinal colic and spasms, increased nervous excitability, and is also part of the most common drugs for the heart - Valocordin, Validol.
In industrial conditions, essential oil is obtained by distillation of plant raw materials of peppermint and meadow mint.
The use of essential oil is also reflected in folk recipes:
- for colds. Inhalations - a glass of water and two drops of the product. Rubbing before bed - mix two drops of oil with baby cream or any vegetable oil. For a runny nose, rub a drop of essential substance between your fingers and apply to the wings of your nose;
- for pain. For headaches, apply a drop of the product to your temples. For abdominal pain - apply a few drops to the stomach and massage in a clockwise circular motion. For arthritis - dissolve ten drops of the product in milk and pour into a bath with not too hot water. Take a bath for 15 minutes;
- with dysfunctions of the digestive tract. For heartburn - add two drops of the product to a teaspoon of kefir and drink.
To improve your well-being outside the home, you can use a scarf soaked in a small amount of essential oil. A few breaths will relieve dizziness or nausea, relieve nervousness and irritability, help with motion sickness on public transport and make breathing easier when coughing.
Alcohol tincture
Despite the alcohol content, mint tinctures are distinguished by the high level of beneficial properties inherent in fresh mint.
For 100 g of plant take 500 ml of alcohol. Store in a dark place for two weeks. After this time, the tincture is considered ready.
Mint tincture has an analgesic and relaxing effect and is recommended for use for intestinal cramps, toothache, migraines and neuralgia.
For internal use, it is enough to dilute 15 drops of tincture in a quarter glass of drinking water and drink before meals.
For external use, a few drops of tincture are rubbed into the skin or applied to a sore spot as a lotion or compress.
Areas of application
Thanks to its unique aroma and medicinal properties, mint has found application not only in medicine, but also in cosmetology and cooking.
In cooking
Adding mint to food and drinks allows you to emphasize and improve the taste of dishes, giving them piquancy and sophistication.
Dried mint is an essential component of a set of Provençal herbs spices used for preparing meat and vegetable dishes, soups, sauces and preservation. Fresh mint leaves are used to decorate meat dishes and desserts. And peppermint oil and menthol are considered the best flavorings for alcohol-based drinks.
In cosmetology
For cosmetology, the antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant and soothing properties of mint are of particular interest. Extracts from the plant are recognized as an effective remedy for combating skin defects caused by irritations, rashes, and acne.
If you wipe your face with ice cubes from mint infusion, you can not only easily eliminate skin inflammation, but also increase tone and elasticity, improve blood circulation and complexion, and eliminate fine wrinkles and age spots.
Combing with a massage brush with drops of mint oil applied helps strengthen and grow hair. After the massage procedure, the hair must be rinsed.
- calms nerves, reduces excitability and irritability;
- improves sleep;
- relieves dizziness;
- eliminates swelling;
- helps cope with toxicosis;
- during a cold - reduces temperature, fights cough.
However, pregnant women should not overuse mint drinks, as the plant can trigger an allergy attack, decreased blood pressure, and impaired kidney function.
Before introducing mint tea into a pregnant woman’s diet, it is better to consult a doctor.
Contraindications and possible harm
Despite the huge list of indications for the use of mint, there are restrictions, non-compliance with which can lead to the development of side effects.
First of all, mint is contraindicated for use by people with low stomach acidity - the herb has the property of reducing the production of gastric juice and can lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction.
In addition, mint is contraindicated:
- small children;
- for men - as a plant that reduces libido;
- for infertility;
- with exacerbation of varicose veins;
- drivers;
- hypotensive patients;
- for allergy sufferers.
The good healing effect of using mint is the result of moderate and competent use of its properties. Whereas abusing the plant will not bring any benefit and may worsen your health.
The medicinal properties and contraindications of peppermint are due to its unique biochemical composition. The plant is famous for its wide range of healing effects on the human body.
In this regard, it is widely used in folk and traditional medicine, as well as in cosmetology and cooking. Since this is a hybrid variety, it does not grow in the wild - it is cultivated privately.
Botanical description
Peppermint is a herbaceous perennial belonging to the Yamnotaceae family. This is a variety of common mint, bred through selective breeding. Therefore, it does not grow in nature, but is grown by summer residents on their plots.
Peppermint can be distinguished from other types of mint by its strong specific aroma and cooling taste, which is caused by the presence of menthol in the composition.
The plant has a fibrous structure with a rhizome lying horizontally. Erect faceted stems of rich purple color, with slight pubescence, 40-90 cm high.
The leaves are attached oppositely. The plates are large-scale - approximately 9x3 cm. The outside is dark green and glossy, the inside is a little paler and rough. In configuration they are closer to an oval, but jagged along the edges and with a sharp tip.
Mint blooms from June to September with small inflorescences collected in spike-shaped brushes of light lilac color.
Then it begins to bear fruit, forming compact brownish fruit capsules, like nuts. The plant rarely produces seeds, so it is bred mainly by layering or roots.
Existing varieties of peppermint:
- black - cuttings and foliage have a dark purple tint;
- white - without any tint, purely green.
Black mint has a richer and sharper aroma than white mint, and it blooms later.
Medicinal properties of mint. Video:
Collection of raw materials
The leaf component and inflorescences are of medicinal value.
They are collected at the beginning of flowering - June-July, when the buds are just beginning to form.
To harvest medicinal raw materials, the apical part with shoots is cut off.
Dry the grass outdoors under a canopy. It is not recommended to use the oven, which leads to the loss of most of the beneficial composition.
Compound
Peppermint contains many significant components, which explains its benefits for the human body. Biochemical composition includes:
- essential oils, mainly menthol;
- tannins;
- ascorbic acid;
- minerals;
- carotene;
- vitamins P and B;
- pectins;
- phytoncides;
- betaine;
- phytosterols;
- microelements;
- Sahara;
- starch;
- cellulose.
The nutritional value of 100 g of grass is about 70 kcal.
Mint: beneficial properties and contraindications
Mint is endowed with many beneficial properties that are successfully used for preventive and medicinal purposes. A persistent spicy aroma and herbal taste are provided essential oils in the composition, which determine a significant part of its healing effects.
Medicinal properties of peppermint:
- anti-inflammatory;
- antiseptic;
- immunomodulatory;
- regenerating;
- decongestant;
- choleretic;
- fat burning;
- antibacterial;
- sedative;
- tonic;
- pain reliever;
- antispasmodic.
Thanks to phytosterols, there is a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system: “bad” cholesterol is eliminated, capillary permeability decreases and their elasticity increases. This prevents heart attacks, strokes, and atherosclerosis.
The use of decoctions and infusions helps with many health problems. Here is a short list of the benefits of mint:
normalizes digestion by activating liver fat metabolism and stimulating bile formation;
increases the body's resistance to viruses and bacteria, which is especially important during the cold season;
calms, relieves irritability, relieves insomnia and improves the psycho-emotional state in general;
suppresses headaches in case of frequent migraines;
relieves spasms of smooth muscles, which allows you to relax and reduce pain due to intestinal upset;
smoothes out painful symptoms of PMS;
accelerates the healing of purulent wounds and ulcers;
relieves inflammatory processes of any origin and disinfects, which helps with a number of diseases: colds, sore throat, stomatitis, gingivitis, caries, bronchitis;
suppresses attacks of nausea.
Mint infusions and decoctions treat pathological dysfunctions of the liver and gall bladder.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding
The benefits of this aromatic herb are multifaceted, but it is worth especially considering the case when a woman carries a child. Mint during pregnancy is not contraindicated in the first trimester, but in limited quantities. It is recommended to add several leaves to tea ( 2-3 pcs. per cup).
The benefits of this drink:
- calms;
- has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects;
- relieves attacks of nausea, prevents dizziness;
- relieves heartburn;
- tones blood vessels, which serves as a prevention of varicose veins;
- improves the functioning of the digestive system.
Peppermint infusion and oil should not be taken by pregnant women, as tanning agents and organic acids in the composition can harm the formation of the fetus.
In the second trimester, regular mint will be an alternative, but also in measured quantities.
In the later stages, any mint is completely abandoned, which can cause premature birth, which is due to the presence of the female hormone estrogen in it. In addition, the grass overloads the kidneys and negatively affects cardiac activity.
A cup of mint tea will not cause any harm to women who are breastfeeding. On the contrary, it will help dilate blood vessels and increase blood circulation.
If lactation is insufficient, then it is better to avoid mint, as it will reduce it even more.
In any case, you should first consult a doctor.
Contraindications and possible harm
Despite the extensive list of beneficial properties, mint has a number of contraindications. These include:
Long-term uncontrolled use of medicinal forms of peppermint can cause drowsiness and depression.
Preparation of peppermint. Video:
Peppermint oil: properties and uses
Peppermint oil has a similar list of beneficial properties. The raw materials for its production are collected exclusively during full flowering, when the plant accumulates valuable components to the maximum. The finished product contains:
- carvone;
- limonene;
- menthol;
- acetic and valeric acid;
- dipentene;
- citral.
Premium class oil is distilled from the leaves and inflorescences, and lower class oil from the stems. It is obtained in two ways - water or steam distillation, followed by purification ( rectification).
As a result, harmful volatile sulfur inclusions are eliminated from the composition. The rich aroma is obtained by infusing the oil for a certain period of time.
Peppermint oil dissolves in alcohol and in a concentrated state has a light olive color.
The taste is scalding and refreshing. It must be stored in a dark place, otherwise, under the influence of light, the oily liquid thickens and darkens.
Areas of application of mint essential oil:
Essential oil is no less in demand in cosmetology. It helps:
- remove vascular plaques;
- eliminate acne;
- even out facial tone, smooth out fine wrinkles;
- prevent hair loss.
Regular cosmetic procedures based on mint herb restore a healthy appearance to the face and increase the protective functions of the skin.
Just a few drops in a salt bath will help relieve fatigue and heaviness in the legs.
Application
Various medicinal compositions are made at home based on peppermint: water infusions, decoctions, tinctures, tea. In cooking, crushed herbs are added to various dishes and drinks.
Infusion and decoction
Decoctions and infusions are made using similar technology, only in the latter case it requires an exposure of 1-2 hours. Both freshly harvested and dried herbal raw materials are used as a basis.
Cooking recipes and instructions for use:
1. Infusion: steam 30 g of herb with 200 ml of boiling water, infuse and filter. Drink warm, adding honey or sugar if desired.
Indicated for cardiovascular and digestive pathologies, migraines, insomnia, nausea, poor bile discharge. They also rinse the mouth to relieve inflammation and pain during sore throat and flu.
2. Decoction: 500 ml of water will require 1 tbsp. l. medicinal raw materials, which are boiled for a quarter of an hour over low heat. After standing for twenty minutes, take 12-15 ml before meals for a month.
Helps relieve premenstrual syndrome during painful periods and improve well-being during menopause. Also indicated for lowering blood pressure.
It is useful to drink mint water in the summer, which effectively refreshes and tones.
It’s easy to prepare: throw a few fresh mint leaves into half a liter of water and put it in a cool place.
5-6 hours is enough and you can drink it.
Alcohol tincture
Dry or fresh foliage is used for tincture. As a result of simple manipulations, an effective therapeutic and preventive remedy is obtained that can significantly improve health.
Peppermint tincture is prepared as follows:
- Pour 1 tbsp into a glass container. a spoonful of dried mint, pour 100-120 ml of high-quality vodka. Place in a dark and cool place for 2-3 weeks. After the allotted time has passed, filter and take 15-18 drops daily ( pre-dissolved in water) shortly before meals.
- Fresh grass and inflorescences, in the amount of 5-6 branches, placed in an appropriate container and brewed with boiling water ( 200 ml). Leave for at least 2 hours. Then add granulated sugar - 110 g and vodka - 0.5 l. Stir, seal and place away from light for 2 weeks.
The resulting tincture is used to rinse the mouth ( 1-2 potassium dissolved in water). A course of 10-12 days helps with a number of diseases:
- sleep disorder;
- nervous breakdowns;
- poor appetite;
- heart failure;
- digestive disorders;
- female genital pathologies;
- insomnia, frequent headaches.
With the tincture you can make warm compresses on the chest and back for colds.
Treatment with alcohol tincture is contraindicated for: hypotensive patients, pregnant women and during lactation, children under 13 years of age.
Mint tea: benefits and harms
Tea with fragrant mint not only brings a lot of pleasant sensations when consumed, quenches thirst and refreshes on a hot day, but also adds health. This is the best way to calm down and relax after the daily hustle and bustle.
A cup of mint tea with a spoon of honey before bed will quickly restore your emotional background and help you fall asleep.
Cooking recipes:
- 25-35 g of dried pepper herb are poured into a porcelain teapot and boiling water is poured in ( about a glass) and let it brew for 10 minutes.
- Fresh green leaves are finely chopped and added to regular tea leaves. 4-5 sheets are enough.
For children, make a drink of low concentration: 1 tbsp. l. raw materials per 500 ml of water. After ten minutes of exposure, filter and add natural honey ( taste).
Important! You can drink tea every day for a week, then replace it with some other type or take a break for two weeks.
Where else is mint used?
Peppermint is used not only for medicinal purposes. It is no less in demand in cooking and cosmetology.
The herb is dried and ground into powder, thereby preparing an aromatic seasoning for a long period.
Fresh leaves are used to season all kinds of dishes: meat, fish, soups, vegetable stews, salads, desserts.
Various cosmetics are produced based on mint: creams, masks, lotions, tonics. For home use it is recommended:
1. Rub your face with mint ice cubes in the morning– pour the herbal infusion into molds and freeze. Such sessions improve blood microcirculation in the superficial epidermis, restore tone, and prevent inflammation.
2. Wash your face with mint infusion several times a day. As a result, the skin becomes fresher and more elastic. Additionally, this has a rejuvenating effect: wrinkles are smoothed out, pigmentation disappears.
To combat acne and excessive oiliness, it is recommended to use essential oil: drop a little oil onto a cosmetic disc and wipe the facial surface with it up to 3 times a day.
If you mix 1-2 drops of peppermint oil into toothpaste, your teeth will soon shine white and the unpleasant odor will go away from your mouth.
Peppermint oil concentrate is also used in aromatherapy - literally one drop is applied to a special lamp. The vapors emanating from this have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, relieve tension and put you in a positive mood.
You need to enable JavaScript to voteis one of the plants of the family called Lamiaceae, in Latin the name of this plant will be as follows: Mentha arvensis L. As for the name of the field mint family itself, in Latin it will be like this: Lamiaceae Lindl.
Description of mint
Field mint is also known by the following popular names: mother mint, wild mint, wild oregano, bog mint, perekop, forest mint and flea mint. Field mint is a perennial herbaceous plant endowed with a rather long creeping rhizome. The stems of this plant can be either erect and ascending, or recumbent. For the most part, such stems are branched, and their height will vary between fifteen and forty-five centimeters. The leaves of field mint will be opposite, ovate, petiolate, serrate-toothed, oblong-lanceolate or oval. Field mint flowers will be colored in pink-purple tones, they are quite small in size, and they will be in dense spherical whorls and quite far apart from each other, which in turn will be located in the axils of the stem leaves. The length of the corolla of this plant is about three to five millimeters, they can be painted in pink-purple or pink tones. The fruits of field mint will consist of four round nuts, which will be enclosed in a cup.Field mint blooms in summer and autumn. Under natural conditions, this plant is found in Ukraine, Belarus, the Far East, the southern regions of Eastern Siberia, as well as throughout Russia, with the exception of the Far North. For growth, this plant prefers the banks of water bodies, damp meadows, grassy swamps, swampy forests, places along ditches, weedy places and fields. It should be noted that field mint will be cultivated as an essential oil plant.
Description of the medicinal properties of field mint
Field mint is endowed with very valuable healing properties, and it is recommended to use the herb of this plant for medicinal purposes. The concept of grass includes the leaves, flowers and stems of this plant. It should be noted that such raw materials should be harvested during the period from June to September.It is noteworthy that the biochemical composition of this plant has not yet been fully studied, however, it is known for certain that the herb of mint will contain essential oil, which contains terpene derivatives and menthol. In addition, field mint contains carotene, glucose, ascorbic acid, betaine, rhamnose and the flavonoid hesperidin. It should be noted that the herb of this plant can be used for the same purposes for which peppermint herb is used. But, at the same time, field mint still cannot be called a full-fledged substitute.
This plant is endowed with a very effective diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, antispasmodic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, diuretic, carminative, tonic and hemostatic effect.
As for traditional medicine, medicinal products based on this plant are very widely used here. An infusion prepared from field mint has the ability to increase appetite and improve digestive processes, will reduce the increased acidity of gastric juice, stop or reduce both pain and spasms of the stomach and intestines. In addition, this remedy is used for diarrhea, gastritis, dysentery, gastrointestinal colic and atony of the gastrointestinal tract. A decoction of the herb and juice of mint leaves will be used for coughs and whooping cough, as well as for pulmonary tuberculosis.
What exactly is used and in what form?
Herbs are used to make medicines mint leaves. Raw materials in the form of dried or fresh herbs are a source of valuable essential oil. Decoctions, tinctures, and teas are prepared using mint leaves.
Mint leaves and inflorescences contain essential oil, the amount of which is determined by the general growth conditions of the plant, the variety of mint and the time of collection of the raw materials. Essential oil mint has been widely used: in medical practice and in the food industry. This is a natural flavoring, indispensable in alcoholic beverages and confectionery products. Menthol, which is obtained from essential oil, is a component of medications with a disinfectant and anti-inflammatory effect. Mint tincture and mint leaves (as part of herbal teas) are used to improve the functioning of the digestive system, as a choleretic and antispasmodic agent. Peppermint oil useful for inhalations. Mint water good for rinsing, included in mixtures. Small children are bathed in mint baths for allergic rashes, scrofula, rickets, and intestinal colic. Menthol alcohol treats neuroderma. Fresh flowering mint is used in homeopathy.
Medicinal properties
Peppermint leaves rich in volatile oils (among them menthol, limonene, depentene, menthone), they also contain triterpene compounds (various acids), mineral salts, tannins and enzymes. The largest amount of essential oil is contained in the flower part of mint, much less in the leaf part, and very little in the stems.
Composed of leaves mint several types of organic acids (malic, citric and succinic) and vitamin C. Curly mint contains carotene, vitamin P, ascorbic acid and phytoncides.
The therapeutic effect of mint is explained by a combination of substances with primary biological effects, among which menthol, which belongs to the terpene group, occupies a central place. Menthol exhibits anesthetic and antiseptic properties characteristic of this group.
In official medicine
The following drugs are widely used in official medicine:
- peppermint leaves, bagged mono collection;
- peppermint tincture. A tincture of 10 drops is prescribed to improve the functioning of the digestive tract, as well as as a diuretic and to eliminate nausea. The tincture expels bile. For the purpose of disinfection, it is used for purulent bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Acts as a vasodilator for angina pectoris. Lowers blood pressure when taken simultaneously with vinca-based medications;
- peppermint oil. Found use as a disinfectant and flavor enhancer;
- boromenthol, ointment. An excellent antiseptic and antispasmodic, used externally to treat the nasal mucosa for general respiratory diseases, to relieve skin itching and irritation;
- menovazine, which contains ethyl alcohol, menthol, novocaine, anesthesin. Rub into the skin for dermatosis, myalgia and neuralgia. The drug should be used with caution: if the dose is exceeded, weakness, dizziness, and hypotension may occur.
- validol– a solution of menthol in menthol ester of isovaleric acid. Used for angina pectoris, hysterical and neurotic diseases, and also as an antiemetic for motion sickness and disorders of the vestibular apparatus;
- pectusin, which contains menthol, eucalyptus oil, sugar and talc. Prescribe one tablet under the tongue for inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract;
- drops "Eucatol"(menthol, eucalyptus tincture, ethyl alcohol). For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, it is recommended to gargle (up to 10 drops per 200 ml of boiled water);
- olimethine capsules(peppermint oil, purified turpentine oil, calamus rhizome oil, olive oil, purified sulfur). Used to eliminate stones in the urinary and gallstones (2 capsules 3-5 times a day after meals);
- Anestezol suppositories, which contain menthol. Used to treat hemorrhoids;
- dental drops;
- mint water. Used as a flavoring agent and as a mouth rinse.
In folk medicine
Mint is used in folk medicine as a powerful antiseptic and analgesic. For a sore throat or toothache, rinsing with a concentrated decoction of mint is recommended. The herb is useful for stomach cramps. Brings relief from cough. For anemia, consume mint leaves raw. Longleaf mint is also used for neurological problems. Patients with hysteria, neurological problems and aggressive behavior are prescribed a course of medicinal baths.
- Mint leaves used to prepare a decoction: brew a tablespoon of leaves in two glasses of boiling water, let it brew for 10 minutes. They drink this decoction when expectant mothers have weak fermentation and nausea. Externally, the decoction helps with itchy rashes. It is credited with a steroid effect.
- Mint decoction with gastritis or decreased appetite. Brew 2 teaspoons of dry raw materials in a glass of boiling water. Leave the broth for about 30 minutes, strain. Take 60 ml of the resulting liquid before each morning and evening meals.
- for acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections, colds, bronchitis and sore throat. Pour a tablespoon of mint leaves with a small amount of boiling water, and use it later as a regular tea brew. This tea with honey and lemon is useful.
- Peppermint oil Ideal for inhalation for upper respiratory tract infections.
- Mint lotions help with fungal nail infections. Grind the leaves and stems of mint to a paste and pour boiling water over it. The resulting mass is wrapped in thin cloth or gauze and applied to areas of the skin where the fungus appears. After 5 minutes, rinse the affected area and pat dry with a clean towel. Repeat the procedure up to 2 times a day.
- Mint tincture for migraines. A teaspoon of mint raw material is infused with alcohol (70%) in the amount of 20 teaspoons. The tincture is prepared for a week. Drink 15 drops per 200 ml of drinking water daily.
- Peppermint tincture helps with heartburn: two tablespoons per half liter of boiling water. Take a quarter glass up to 4 times a day.
- Use externally oil for the treatment of wounds and cervical erosion. To prepare the oil, a 10% tincture of mint leaves is mixed in equal proportions with Provencal or sunflower oil and the alcohol is evaporated in a water bath.
- For cooking therapeutic baths use 50 g of mint leaves per bucket of water.
- Lotions with mint infusion is recommended to relieve fatigue, redness and irritation of the eyes. Add 2 tablespoons of mint leaves to 1⁄2 liter of hot water. Boil over low heat for about 10 minutes. Strain the cooled broth, apply cotton pads soaked in the broth to the eyelids for 1-2 minutes, repeating the procedure up to 4 times a day.
- Mint steam baths: steaming the facial skin over mint decoction reduces the amount of inflammation and has excellent antiseptic properties.
In oriental medicine
Chinese and Japanese healers have long used mint to treat migraines, digestive diseases and stop internal bleeding. Avicenna's treatises mention the so-called " pulegiaceae» mint. Avicenna described its vasodilating effect and gave recipes containing mint for getting rid of kidney stones.
In scientific research
In ancient times, Avicenna described the types of mint known to him and recorded the recipes that existed at that time. In early Europe, interest in the plant was maintained at the state level: by decree of Charlemagne in 812, the population was obliged to grow 4 types of mint in their gardens. Carl Linnaeus made his contribution to the development of research into the species diversity of mint: it was he who in 1753 defined a new hybrid (arising from water mint and spearmint, garden) - peppermint.
Modern scientists are increasing the body of knowledge about the numerous healing properties of mint. The antibacterial and antioxidant effects of peppermint are reviewed (R. Singh, M. Shushni, A. Belkhair).
The object of the study is the biologically active characteristics of herbal tea from peppermint (D. McKay), J. Bloomberg).
A group of researchers led by P. Mikaili focuses scientific interest on pharmacological and therapeutic properties mint, and its main component – menthol.
Turkish scientists are analyzing the agronomic and chemical indicators of spearmint, which is native to Turkey.
In the domestic scientific paradigm, E. L. Malankina classifies and describes mint varieties.
The Czech researcher Neugebojrova Jarmila is studying the species and hybrid diversity of mint.
In dietetics
American researchers point to the choleretic properties of mint and explain the effectiveness of diets that include mint tea by improving the flow of bile, which accelerates fat breakdown. The feasibility of mint aromatherapy for suppressing appetite has been experimentally proven. Test subjects who inhaled mint flavor, experienced less hunger and were content with a reduced amount of calories.
In cooking
Mint is a real find when you need to diversify a simple dish by adding a spicy note. A couple of leaves of dried or fresh herb will significantly change the taste of a soup or salad. Meat dishes and baked goods also go well with a splash of mint. This spice is valued by oriental cooks. Recipes with mint are so diverse that they could make up a separate cookbook, so the question “ What to cook with mint“It’s just a matter of taste. Mint is one of the essential ingredients of the legendary drink mojito.
Mojito recipe:
You will need 40 ml of white rum, 6 peppermint leaves, 30 ml of lime juice, 10 g of light cane sugar, half a glass of crushed ice and 0.25 liters of soda. Grind mint leaves with lime juice and granulated sugar, fill the glass with crushed ice, mix with mint mass and pour in rum and soda.
Incredibly tasty and non-alcoholic drinks with mint:
Moroccan mint tea
To prepare, take 2-4 mint stalks with leaves, a quarter glass of granulated sugar, 2 half tablespoons of green tea, 150 ml of water. Separate the leaves from the stems, throw them into a teapot, add sugar, and brew in 50 ml of boiling water. Prepare green tea in another kettle, brewing with the remaining boiling water. Leave for 3 minutes. Strain the tea and mint infusion from two teapots and pour into one container. Place a mint stalk in the cups and pour the finished tea. Serve with crushed sugar.
Mint Julep
Take a handful of raw mint, 1 lemon or lime and a liter of sparkling water. Wash and chop mint leaves. Then puree in a blender with 100 ml of water. Combine the pureed mixture with the juice of one lemon or lime, add soda and strain. Serve the julep in glasses garnished with mint leaves and lemon wedges.
A confectioner who wants to make a mint dessert also has plenty to choose from.
Peppermint Cookies Recipe(French cooking):
You will need 80 g of butter and sugar, 160 g of flour, 20 g of fresh mint leaves, 1 egg.
Grind granulated sugar with mint leaves. Combine the resulting mixture with softened butter and stir. Add flour, add egg. Make small balls and form them into small cakes with your fingers. Bake for about 20 minutes at 175 degrees, until golden brown. Store cookies in a tightly sealed jar.
Useful for preparing refreshing drinks mint ice: mint leaves, arranged in molds, pour boiled water and place in the freezer.
Mint sauce pair harmoniously with lamb and pork dishes, and meat prepared for cooking in a mint marinade will satisfy the most demanding gourmets.
In cosmetology
Mint in cosmetology has justified itself as a valuable and multifunctional plant. Mint has a beneficial effect on the skin, hair, moisturizes, nourishes and heals. This herb is included in both professional skin care cosmetics and a variety of home cosmetics. Mint is used in masks for skin and hair; lotions, tonics, compresses, and lotions are created on its basis. Shampoos and hair rinses based on mint extract help with seborrhea.
In perfumery
In Greek culture, mint was credited with aphrodisiac properties. Wreaths were woven from it, added to water for ablutions and used for cleaning rooms. Nowadays, this plant is used in perfumery. Peppermint-based aromatic oils are useful in healing migraines and combating unpleasant odors. Well-known brands have created perfumes and eau de toilette based on mint notes. Popular mint scented perfumes: Acqua di Gioia from Giorgio Armani, Aqua Allegoria Herba Fresca from Guerlain.
Other uses
Mint is a kind of natural fumigator. Pests cannot tolerate the smell of this plant. If you plant mint in the area around your house, you can forget about cockroaches, flies and moths for a long time.
Depending on the era and cultural affiliation of countries, mint at different times has been a symbol of hospitality, inspiration, and creativity. In world literature, one of the most famous references to the fragrant herb is the detective novel by the French writer Marguerite Duras " English mint" The Soviet futurist poet Nikolai Aseev, in poetry about his own work, wrote that his poems were “made of mint and wormwood,” comparing the beneficial effects of words with the healing power of mint. The fairy tale about mint “Fragrant Mint” was created by children's writer Iris Review.
Dangerous properties of mint and contraindications
In case of hypersensitivity to menthol, you should not use toothpaste or cream that contain it, as this can cause hives, redness of the skin, and headache. It should also be used very carefully peppermint oil for treating the skin of infants. In large doses, peppermint oil can provoke vomiting, ataxia, and sometimes, due to its effect on the central nervous system, accelerated breathing rate, convulsions, and even death from paralysis of the respiratory center.
Apart from allergy sufferers and infants, mint is not recommended to be taken in any form by children under 3 years of age, pregnant women and those who drive, as this plant causes drowsiness. Medical consultation is necessary in each case of possible treatment with mint preparations. You should not buy dried or freshly harvested grass at market points or in the passage. The origin of such raw materials may be associated with unsuitable environmental conditions; the grass could have been collected close to the roadway. In this case, mint will turn out to be a container of toxins dangerous to human health.
The use of mint in any form should be avoided if the patient simultaneously takes:
- preparations containing iron;
- cyclosporine;
- any antibiotic or antifungal agent;
- anticonvulsants;
- medications to lower blood pressure, any drug for heart problems.
We have collected the most important points about the benefits and possible harms of mint in this illustration and will be very grateful if you share the picture on social networks with a link to our page:
Botanical description
This is a perennial ether-bearing herb from the family Yasnotkovykh (Lamiaceae).
origin of name
The name of the plant is borrowed from Greek and Roman mythologies. Latin word " Mentha"was the name of the nymph Menta (in the Greek version - Minta), turned by the jealous wife of the ruler of the underworld into fragrant, fragrant grass.
Kinds
The plant's generic system includes 42 species and many hybrids. The most famous and used in various fields are the following: types of mint and its hybrids:
- 1 Peppermint– a hybrid of two wild species (garden and water mint). The honey-bearing properties of this variety of mint are highly valued by modern beekeepers;
- 2 Longleaf mint– grows in Europe, Asia, and the African continent. The spicy taste has contributed to the fact that this species has taken pride of place among the spices of world cuisine;
- 3 Aquatic mint– grows in moist soil, near a water source. This type of mint has taken root in Europe, but is also found in African and Asian countries;
- 4 Sweet mint– distributed in the Mediterranean, Asia Minor region, Europe. Used in cooking and medicine;
- 5 Field mint– grows in Europe, Asia, the Caucasus, India and Nepal. Component of many herbal teas;
- 6 Apple mint- from the countries of Asia Minor and Egypt it spread to Transcaucasia and took root in southern Europe. It has found wide application in confectionery;
- 7 Japanese mint- a rather rare species, a representative of the flora of the Japanese islands. Used in the cosmetics industry;
- 8 pennyroyal (or flea mint)– grows in northern Africa, eastern Asia, common in Europe, in the Caucasus mountains;
- 9 Curly mint- grows in North America, in some Western and Southern European countries.
The rhizome of the plant is branched, creeping, and produces numerous shoots. Stem with many branches, up to half a meter in height. According to phenotypic characteristics, black and white mint are distinguished. The leaves of the first variety are purple, red-violet, white mint is light green. The flowering period of white mint begins earlier, its essential oil has a more subtle aroma. But the productivity of white mint is lower than that of black mint. Therefore, in industrial cultivation, preference is given to the latter variety. The leaf arrangement is opposite, the arrangement of flowers is ring-shaped. mint flowers small, purple-red, collected in an inflorescence of spikes. A characteristic property of all types of mint is a persistent aroma.
The species diversity of mint is so wide that the plant can be found almost everywhere. Peppermint is grown in vegetable gardens and orchards; water mint has chosen places near water bodies; long-leaved mint grows in swamps, in mountainous areas and alder forests.
In history
The history of mint cultivation goes back centuries: humanity has long used the storehouse of beneficial properties that this plant offers. How did mint spread around the world? For example, it was brought to the islands of Britain by the Romans. Pliny wrote about mint: “ The smell of mint makes the mind soar and the appetite expand and grow." Mint is mentioned in medieval manuscripts; it is known that already in the ninth century it became a garden crop among the English. Mentions of mint can be found in the texts of Chaucer.
In the 14th century, mint was used to whiten teeth, and later the fragrant oil extracted from it was added to toothpaste, soap and confectionery. This is how peppermint came into being, the oldest cultivated member of the flora, a hybrid of which was developed by the British in the seventeenth century, believed to be a cross between other species. In Russia, mint began to be cultivated a century later (this process coincided with the activities of the so-called pharmaceutical gardens). In Soviet times, the plant was cultivated on the territory of the former republics on a huge scale.
Growing conditions
The plant's method of propagation is vegetative: mint spreads by dividing the root system, and not only the rhizomes, but also with the help of rooted stems and leaves. Basic soil requirements: moisture. Mint is a high-yielding plant, provided it is grown in low-lying areas, which are characterized by shallow groundwater. With abundant snow cover, mint can withstand sub-zero temperatures down to 30 degrees. But in snowless frosts it dies. The most favorable weather for mint is summer weather with a temperature range from 18 to 22 C. Frequent rains and heat lead to the appearance of fungal diseases, which negatively affect the amount of essential oil produced by mint. The area for planting rhizomes must be plowed to a depth of 25–27 cm, while simultaneously applying organic fertilizers. In early spring the soil is cultivated. Fresh, unsprouted rhizomes are planted manually using the square-cluster method. When weeds appear, the crops are cultivated to a depth of 8–10 cm. The first harvest occurs during the period of budding and the beginning of flowering (in July–August), re-harvesting mint is possible after regrowth in September. Mint blooms in June – July.
Mint collection begins in July (sometimes in August) and coincides with the period of flower budding. Mint is collected again in September, after regrowth.
When growing mint on an industrial scale, the grass is mowed with special mowing devices. During daylight hours, the raw materials are dried and in the evening they are collected into small sheaves. Drying continues until the stems become brittle to a certain degree. Then the leaves are separated from the stems. Mechanized harvesting and cleaning produce crushed raw materials, cleared of hard stem parts. The safety of raw materials is ensured in dry, well-ventilated areas for up to 2 years.
How to properly store mint? The answer to this question is determined by the form in which – dried or fresh – this healing herb should be preserved. It is best to store dried mint in fabric bags. The life of fresh mint will be extended by a damp waffle towel and refrigerator. Mint leaves can also be frozen and stored for a long time in the freezer, in a tightly sealed bag or plastic container.
How to grow mint at home
You can enjoy the mint harvest not only in your garden plot. If you wish, you can grow mint at home, on a windowsill, in a regular flower pot. When planting mint, use seeds or rooted, sprouted mint stems. Caring for mint in an apartment or house is quite simple: moderate watering, periodic fertilizing, moistening the above-ground part of the plant, additional lighting in the cold season and maintaining optimal temperature conditions (about 20 degrees).
Growing mint can be accompanied by problems that many gardeners face - pests and diseases that affect the plant. Among the pests that mint attracts mint flea beetle, aphid, peppermint mite, leaf beetle and others. The best way to combat them is to use appropriate insecticides and spray according to instructions. It should be remembered that the plant must be processed at least a month before harvesting to avoid high concentrations of harmful substances in the mint stem and leaves. Mint is often affected by a disease such as rust. In this case, the lower part of the leaves becomes covered with voluminous brown spots. The infection spreads quickly enough and soon the entire plant becomes sick. Rust is caused by a fungus. In case of fungal infection, you need to use a special spray solution. The occurrence of rust is promoted by high humidity, fairly low temperatures, the “age” of the mint being grown and an increased level of nitrogen in the soil. Preventive measures to combat rust on mint bushes: you need to feed the soil with a mixture of phosphorus and potassium, replant the plants in time and be sure to burn the diseased stems.
Power circuit
Thanks to its strong-smelling essential oils, mint is successfully used as a flavoring and aroma additive in dog and cat food. In this case, dried stems or leaves of the herb are used, sometimes an extract. Improved taste is achieved with the help of different varieties of mint, but it remains especially attractive for pets (cats or kittens). cat mint
Mint is considered an extraordinary plant with a strong aroma. It belongs to the Yasnotkov family. Mint was named after the Greek nymph Minta, who ruled on Mount Mente in the city of Elis. Minta fell in love with the god of the kingdom of the dead, Hades, for which she was turned by his wife into a fragrant plant, which was called mint.
In other languages, mint is called:
- Mentha spicata - Latin;
- Gune Minze, Ahrige Minze, Rohmische Minze, Waldminze - German;
- spearmint - English;
- menthe verte - French.
Appearance
Different types of mint may have external differences. However, overall they still have more similarities.
Mint is a perennial plant and has a branching creeping rhizome. The stem is straight, branching, the shoots spread in a horizontal direction. The length of the stem generally reaches half a meter.
The leaves have short petioles, are arranged crosswise opposite each other, and may be partially covered with hairs. They have an elongated shape, tapering from the base to the apex, which ends with a point. The edges of the leaves are serrated.
The flowers are painted in lilac-red tones and accumulate in whorls. Lush inflorescences form in the upper part of the shoot. The flowers themselves are small in size.
The cups contain mint fruits. The flowering period ranges from mid-summer (July) to autumn.
Kinds
There are over 25 species in the mint genus. There are also approximately ten hybrids of various species. The uniqueness of mint is that its different types have completely different metabolite contents. Therefore, each type smells differently, and essential oils, depending on this, differ significantly in composition.
The most famous type of mint is peppermint (Mentha piperita). It is grown both in gardens and on an industrial scale. Most surprisingly, peppermint is a hybrid of watermint (Mentha aquatic) and spearmint (Mentha spicata).
All species differ in plant height and leaf length. For example, the leaves of pennyroyal mint (Mentha pulegium) can reach only 1 cm in length. And the leaves of long-leaved mint (Mentha longifolia), as is clear from the name of the species, can reach 15 cm in length.
In general, the following features of different types of mint can be identified:
- English green(Mentha spicata v., in German - Grüne Minze, Ahrige Minze, Waldminze, in English - spearmint, in French - menthe verte): has smooth, sometimes slightly curling, elongated leaves. Their color is rich green, sometimes in dark shades. All veins on the leaves are clearly visible to the eye. Fresh mint is used in making sauces and jellies. It is an ideal spice for lamb, minced meat, vegetable and pea dishes.
- Greek(Mentha species Dionysos): has a fresh, pleasant aroma. The leaves are bright green, smooth, with serrated edges. The veins on them are clearly visible. The maximum height of the plant is 0.8 m, the minimum is 0.3 m. The flowers are painted in bright purple tones. This type of spice is ideal in combination with garlic. Yogurt sauces are often prepared with this mint for meat or vegetable dishes typical of Greek cuisine.
- English peppercorn(Mentha x piperita 'Mitcham'): One of the most diverse species. It is a perennial plant whose stems have a red tint. The leaves are dark green, smooth, and sit on short petioles. It has a sharp spicy taste, so it is used to flavor drinks, salads, desserts, and added as a spice to soup or meat. This mint makes especially delicious teas.
- Pepper "Nana"(Mentha x piperita var. piperita "Nana"): similar in aroma to caraway. The flowers are painted in purple tones and reach a height of half a meter. The leaves are lighter in color compared to other species.
- Orange(Mentha x piperita var. citrata “Orange”): a species with a pronounced citrus aroma and low menthol content. The leaves are round in shape and light green with a slight red tint. Used in making desserts or fruit cocktails.
- Lemon(Mentha x piperita var. citrata "Lemon"): Has a sour lemon aroma. Like the previous type, it is used in cocktails and desserts.
- Spiked(Mentha spicata, in English - Spearmint): similar in appearance to the well-known peppermint, only it has a non-standard taste of menthol chewing gum. Tolerates cold well.
- Moroccan(Mentha spicata var. crispa): used in the preparation of the famous Moroccan refreshing tea. It has a sweetish smell with pleasant refreshing notes. Used in desserts and sauces. Its leaves have a light green tint, oval shape and a pointed tip.
- Water(Mentha aquatic): A wild variety of mint. The leaves have teeth along the edges and are oval in shape.
- Curly(Mentha aquatic var. crispa): its leaves have a wavy shape and a rich green color, it grows in large numbers. It looks like thistle in appearance, and its smell resembles something between camphor and caraway, so it goes well with vegetable and meat dishes.
- Basil(Mentha species "Basilmint"): has a spicy aroma and is often added to vegetable salads, especially with tomatoes. The flowers are bright purple, the leaves are green with a red tint. The stem is also red.
- "Mentuccia"(Mentha species "Mentuccia"): its leaves are round in shape and small in size. Grows mainly in Italy. The flowers are bright purple. This type is used in the preparation of salads, as well as legumes and vegetable dishes. Its aroma is similar to that of cumin.
- Pineapple(Mentha suaveolens "Variegata"): its leaves are slightly drooping and have a white edge. The plant is short, the flowers are white and pale pink. The leaves have a tart flavor, but are not too similar to pineapple. This mint is used in drinks, salads, and sauces.
- Mountain(Calamintha officinalis): the flowers are painted in bright purple tones, the stem has four sides, the leaves have clearly cut veins. Combines the standard mint aroma with camphor notes.
- Roman(Calamintha sp.): Known as an Italian spice. Its leaves are oval-shaped, slightly widening towards the bottom. Grows wild.
- Korean(Agastache rugosa): Grown in North Asian regions. The leaves are pleasant and delicate to the touch, the flowers are bright purple. Outwardly similar to hyssop, it has a pronounced aroma.
Where does it grow?
Mint is grown not only for personal purposes, but also on an industrial scale. It is cultivated in many countries around the world. At southern latitudes, perennial varieties are grown. In cold and temperate climates - annuals.
At the end of the 19th century, mint began to be cultivated in Russia, where it came from English breeders. Mint plantations appeared closer to the middle of the 20th century. Very often the plant can be found in the central zone of the country, but it grows throughout the entire territory of the state. Many species are found in Ukraine and Belarus, the Baltic countries.
Since mint loves sunlight, the best varieties are bred in the southern territories. Mint prefers moist, fertile soil, without sand.
It is most productively grown in the Caucasus, Stavropol Territory, and Crimea. Some species are found in Siberia and the Far Eastern territories.
Mint can grow in both garden and wild conditions. Wild mint grows on the banks of rivers and lakes, near swamps, in meadows and fields with a sufficient level of humidity.
Blank
Mint is quite popular as a spice due to its pleasant, refreshing smell.
- In order to obtain the spice, mint leaves are dried immediately after collection in a dark place where sunlight does not reach. This allows you to preserve its unique aroma and color.
- After this, the leaves are crushed and hermetically packaged.
- It is better to store it in a place protected from light and in a tightly closed container so that the spice will delight you with its aroma for a long time.
How and where to choose a spice?
It’s best when you make the spice from mint yourself, because the technology here is not at all complicated.
But if you buy it, then consider the following factors:
- spice packaging should be opaque so as not to allow sunlight to pass through;
- the packaging must be sealed. If you notice that it is opened or torn, then it is better to refuse such a purchase;
- It's hard to make sure that the correct storage conditions were met, but at least pay attention to how the spice is stored in the store.
If you see that crushed and dried mint is stored in a transparent bag in a bright room where the sun's rays pass in large quantities, then this spice will not be very fragrant. Most likely, it will even have a faded color. Remember that under the right preparation conditions, the spice will remain as green as fresh mint. Only slight loss of color is acceptable.
If you purchased mint in a sealed and dense package, but it did not please you with either the smell or the color, then the manufacturer clearly cheated in the preparation. It is better to choose a product from another manufacturer in the future.
Peculiarities
It is believed that the most famous representative of the genus, peppermint, historically appeared in England. Which is not surprising, because mint is added to many dishes there. Its leaves have a pungent taste. But the plant should not be used as feed for livestock at all. With a large amount of mint, the hay spoils and its nutritional value drops sharply. Milk yield will immediately decrease, and milk will curdle poorly with such feeding.
It is believed that mint has the properties of a strong aphrodisiac, so in Ancient Greece it was forbidden to serve dishes with the addition of this spice to soldiers.
Characteristics
Mint has the following characteristics:
- grows not only in the wild, but also cultivated by gardeners;
- is an official medicinal plant;
- grows almost throughout the entire territory of Russia;
- grown on an industrial scale;
- has a high content of essential oils, especially in inflorescences;
- is a large honey plant.
Not everyone knows that mint also makes delicious honey. But, unfortunately, not much of the finished product comes from this plant.
Peppermint in the wild has a strong and not very pleasant smell.
Nutritional value and calorie content
Mint has the following nutritional values:
You can learn more about mint by watching the video from the program “1000 and One Spice of Scheherazade”
Chemical composition
Mint is rich in mineral content. The most common type, peppermint, has the following components in its chemical composition:
| Vitamins | Macronutrients | Microelements | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vitamin A (VE) | 212 mcg | Calcium | 243 mg | Iron | 5.08 mg |
| vitamin B1 (thiamine) | 0.082 mg | Magnesium | 80 mg | Zinc | 1.11 mg |
| vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | 0.266 mg | Sodium | 31 mg | Copper | 329 mcg |
| vitamin B3 (pantothenic) | 0.338 mg | Potassium | 569 mg | Manganese | 1.176 mg |
| vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | 0.129 mg | Phosphorus | 73 mg | ||
| vitamin B9 (folic) | 114 mcg | ||||
| vitamin C | 31.8 mg | ||||
| Vitamin PP (niacin equivalent) | 1.706 mg |
Among the main active ingredients:
- essential oils;
- flavonoids;
- bitter and tannins;
- menthol (approximately 60%, depending on the variety).
Beneficial features
The list of beneficial properties of mint is quite extensive:
- used in folk and traditional medicine;
- is included in many medicines;
- is a remedy that reduces pain and spasms;
- removes excess fluid from the body;
- known for its choleretic effect;
- its smell saves you from nausea;
- calms the nervous system;
- gives an anti-inflammatory effect;
- helps for hair growth;
- neutralizes bad breath;
- reduces appetite due to the menthol contained in it;
- improves brain function;
- has a sobering effect;
- tones and strengthens the human body;
- used to cleanse the skin.
Thanks to its taste and smell, mint is an excellent mouth freshener that also kills harmful bacteria. Mint has been used as a sedative for a long time; it is not for nothing that aromatic herbal teas with it have gained such great popularity and are recommended for consumption at night. Depending on its use, mint can simultaneously cool and warm the body.
You can learn even more about the beneficial properties of mint from the following video of the “Live Healthy” program.
Harm
The following negative consequences are possible when consuming mint:
- heartburn in case of overdose;
- loss of sensitivity to plant components.
If you overdose on mint, you can easily lose sensitivity to menthol and other beneficial components of the plant. For example, if you constantly drink mint tea in large quantities against insomnia, then over time it will cease to have an effect.
Contraindications
Mint should not be consumed in the following cases:
- for allergic reactions;
- in the presence of varicose veins;
- if you have infertility or problems conceiving a child;
- with increased drowsiness;
- with a tendency to heartburn;
- at low pressure (mint will lower it even more);
- in childhood.
It is better for children to consume mint with the permission of a doctor, since there is still no consensus on the age at which it can be included in the diet. It is also better for pregnant women to consult a specialist about whether and in what quantities they can consume mint. As for hypotension, the prohibition in this case is not categorical. Mint is good for you in small amounts, but you just shouldn’t overuse it.
Infusion
Unlike peppermint tincture, you cannot find it in pharmacies, since common mint, with all the variety of beneficial properties, is inferior to peppermint in this regard, but is excellent for the treatment of certain diseases.
But you can prepare an infusion of common mint and use it for diseases of the gallbladder or gastrointestinal tract. To prepare the infusion, mint leaves are poured with a glass of boiling water, allowed to steep in a warm place for 15 minutes, and then taken a tablespoon once every three hours.
Oil
Mint is a real storehouse of essential oils. They are found in large quantities in mint flowers and leaves. The benefits of essential oil are simply invaluable.
Peppermint oil helps tone the nervous system and restore itself. Its smell perfectly invigorates and activates mental activity. Peppermint oil is used for colds and loss of voice, providing a soothing effect. This is an excellent antispasmodic for blood vessels. In addition, the essential oil is widely used in preparations for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also has an analgesic effect.
It is effective to inhale the aroma of mint oil when experiencing motion sickness or simply during an attack of nausea.
In aromatherapy, oil is also used to disinfect a room. However, you should not inhale it before bed. Due to the invigorating effect, it will be quite difficult to fall asleep later.
Essential peppermint oil has been proven to help with painful menstruation and promote lactation.
Juice
Mint juice is also a storehouse of vitamins. It is especially good for the gastrointestinal tract, but also helps restore strength and reduce pain. Very often, mint juice is added to baked goods and various drinks.
You can get mint juice even at home:
- To do this, fresh mint leaves must be thoroughly washed and chopped in a blender or meat grinder.
- Then the leaves must be poured with boiling water, with 30 ml of water per 100 g of leaves.
- The leaves are infused for several hours, after which the liquid is filtered.
- It must be heated and brought to a boil, and then poured into bottles, sterilized and sealed.
Application
In cooking
Probably almost everyone loves mint tea. We have dedicated an entire article to this tasty, effective and healthy combination. Get some great recipes to try.
In world cuisine, mint is a frequently found ingredient.
Its culinary use applies to many areas:
- mint is a fundamental component of oriental cuisine;
- fresh mint leaves are often used to decorate desserts and other dishes;
- mint is used in the food industry as a natural dye;
- menthol and mint oil are often used to flavor food and drinks;
- peppermint oil is actively used in sweet baked goods;
- fresh mint leaves are added to the meat to add piquancy;
- mint is added to drinks, especially soft drinks;
- mint can be added to salads, fish dishes and vegetable soups;
- mint increases the shelf life of products.
Fresh mint leaves wither quickly, so they must be stored in the cold. But if you add mint to a dish during the cooking process, it will immediately lose all its refreshing properties, so it must be added when serving the dish.
The refreshing effect of menthol contained in the plant is used in the production of chewing gum and sweets, as well as soft drinks. There's nothing better than homemade lemonade with a splash of fresh mint.
When the plant is used in sauces, they acquire piquancy and a pleasant aftertaste. Mint goes well with almost all foods: fruits, vegetables, meat, and desserts. Surely everyone knows the famous mint gingerbread: this crushed herb is added to the dough for them.
To make pickles and home-canned food last longer, mint leaves are also added to them. This especially affects kvass, which not only acquires an interesting taste, but also lasts much longer in the refrigerator.
In Armenian cuisine, mint is even added to certain types of cheese, and in Central Asia it is used to flavor meat dishes.
It is not necessary to use fresh mint; when dried, it also takes its rightful place among spice components.
Alcoholic drinks are also flavored with mint.
Surely everyone knows about the famous Mojito cocktail, which immediately loses all its freshness without mint.
You can make wonderful lemonade using the following recipe:
- you need several large lemons and 2 large grapefruits, 2.5 liters of drinking water, 2 cups of sugar and about 8 mint leaves;
- lemons are thoroughly washed, cut into pieces and crushed in a blender;
- the syrup is boiled: two glasses of drinking water are boiled with one and a half glasses of sugar until it is completely dissolved;
- the prepared lemon puree is poured with the amount of water indicated above;
- the resulting syrup is added to the drink;
- The drink should stand in the refrigerator for 10 hours;
- after this time, the drink is filtered, grapefruit juice is added to it;
- if desired, you can add half a glass of sugar or more;
- the resulting lemonade is poured into a jug and mint leaves are added to it.
Mint dessert
You can also make a stunningly delicious dessert from mint itself. For this:
- take a bunch of mint, 1 egg white, 75 g of sugar and the same amount of chocolate;
- the mint must be washed, dried and sorted: leave the larger leaves, the smaller ones can be put aside;
- The egg whites are beaten, and the prepared sugar is poured onto a flat plate;
- mint leaves are dipped first in egg white and then in sugar;
- the leaves are laid out on a separate plate or tray, covered with napkins, and dry within 24 hours;
- chocolate is melted in the microwave;
- the candied leaves must be dipped halfway in melted chocolate and placed on a separate plate;
- the dessert is put away in the cold for an hour.
In medicine
Peppermint tincture is often used in medicine. It can be very effective due to the presence of a large number of medicinal properties.
Mint is generally recognized as a medicinal plant. It is included in many herbal preparations because it has a wide range of medicinal properties.
Most often it is used:
- to calm the nervous system;
- to eliminate rashes and skin irritations;
- as a choleretic agent;
- to lower pressure;
- for nausea;
- to dilate blood vessels;
- for gastrointestinal diseases;
- when coughing;
- to restore potency;
- in case of poisoning;
- as a cold remedy;
- for intestinal disorders;
- for the treatment of heart diseases;
- to reduce pain.
Mint is used to remove stones from the gallbladder. It is actively used both internally and externally. Since time immemorial, the leaves or oil of the plant have been used in folk medicine to relieve headaches. Due to its high menthol content, mint helps reduce pain during menstruation in women. For chronic liver diseases, mint infusions are also useful.
Very often, mint is used to treat toothache or oral diseases. It has a disinfectant effect and destroys harmful microorganisms, so it is useful to rinse your mouth with mint infusions.
Essential oils and extracts are useful for colds. You can do inhalations to soften the cough. In addition, it helps with nasal congestion.
In cosmetology
Due to its antiseptic effect, mint can effectively combat rashes or skin irritations. Manufacturers of cosmetics, knowing about the benefits of the plant, actively use mint extracts in their products.
It is known that the plant helps to tone the skin, but at the same time soothe it and reduce irritation to a minimum. Mint works effectively as part of oily skin care products, providing a drying effect and tightening pores. The herb is also used for rejuvenation, as it helps smooth the skin and cleanse it of toxins. Mint infusion applied to the skin of the face can easily replace some expensive nourishing cream.
The plant is used in the production of shampoos and hair masks, as mint promotes rapid hair growth by stimulating blood circulation, and also prevents dandruff and cares for the scalp.
When losing weight
Mint is actively used in the difficult fight against extra pounds. It is known that the smell and taste of mint significantly reduces appetite, due to the high content of menthol in the plant. Peppermint tea helps reduce hunger and also has a general healing effect.
You can also periodically inhale the aroma of mint, curbing your appetite and thereby reducing your daily calorie intake. Breathing peppermint essential oil every few hours throughout the day can show impressive results within a week. When combined with green tea, mint will also help cleanse the body of toxins.
To prepare a fragrant mint drink for weight loss, take several leaves of fresh or dried mint and pour a glass of boiling water over them. The broth is infused for 15 minutes. Then it is filtered and drunk little by little throughout the day. This will help you avoid unhealthy snacks between meals.
In addition, mint rids the body of toxins that lead to the formation of cellulite. If you add ginger to tea, you can significantly speed up your metabolism. However, you should be careful that excessive consumption of mint tea, and even in combination with ginger, does not lead to heartburn and stomach irritation.
At home
The household use of mint is practically unlimited in some areas. It is actively used:
- for disease prevention;
- for the treatment of diseases;
- as a decoration for dishes;
- as a spice or seasoning;
- in aromatherapy;
- cosmetics;
- in perfumery.
Mint is a unique plant that is effective not only in medicine, but also in other areas of human life. The pleasant scent is often used in some perfume compositions, adding refreshing and invigorating notes to them.
Varieties
Breeders have made great progress in breeding various varieties of mint. Today there are a large number of them not only in Russia, but also abroad. At the same time, the varieties do not have a specific affiliation to the species, so it can be assumed that not only the well-known peppermint is the basis for breeding for many varieties.
There are varieties that were obtained back in the Soviet years. However, to this day they do not lose their importance. These include:
- “Krasnodarskaya-2”: the height of plants of this variety exceeds a meter, the menthol content in them is below 50%;
- “Prilukskaya-6”: the variety was bred quite a long time ago. Mint reaches a height of one meter and contains approximately 50% menthol. It takes root better in warm regions, as it does not tolerate cold well;
- “Kubanskaya-6”: plants reach a height of up to a meter, the menthol content in them is higher than in previous varieties, but this mint does not tolerate cold;
- “Medicinal-4”: already based on the name, it has medicinal properties. It can reach a height of more than a meter, and the menthol content in mint is close to 60%;
- “Riddle”: the variety was bred in Ukraine. It has a high menthol content, slightly below 65%;
- “Medichka”: in this variety the menthol content reaches 67%. This mint tolerates winter much better than previous varieties.
There are many foreign varieties of mint, bred in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and other European countries.
Growing
Growing mint is not that difficult, as it does not require much care. You need to choose those varieties that are most suitable for the intended climate in which the mint will be grown. There are varieties that do not tolerate cold well, and this must be taken into account. It is advisable to provide maximum sunny color and plant the plant somewhere in an open area.
You can grow mint at home, in a flower pot. It takes root well, but requires feeding. It is better to place it on a window where a lot of light enters.
To learn how to grow mint at home on a windowsill, watch the following video.
The soil should be moist, without sandy impurities. Mint is propagated by cuttings or seeds. You can sow it directly into the ground. Propagation by cuttings is often used in order to preserve all the beneficial properties of the variety.
Mint is planted either in mid-spring or in the second half of summer, closer to August. It grows at a high speed, so it is better to somehow protect it from other plants so that it does not survive them.
The plant needs to be fertilized periodically, but not too often. Watering needs to be moderate so that the water does not stagnate. But at the same time, the soil should not be constantly dry.
Mint is susceptible to pest attack, like many other garden plants. Treatment with harmful chemicals is prohibited; in this case, mint will lose its beneficial properties and become unsuitable for consumption. Therefore, you should immediately plant it away from vegetables or plants that are often visited by garden pests.
When planting, you need to maintain a certain distance between plants - usually at least 0.3 m. Between the rows you can leave a larger distance - 0.4 m. At least several times during the summer, the beds must be loosened and cleared of weeds as often as possible.
Watch the following video - you will learn a lot of interesting things about the properties of mint.
- Our ancestors believed that regular consumption of mint led to prolongation of life, so the plant was highly revered and actively cultivated.
- It has been proven that mint was mentioned in the Bible, and it was also found in the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs. Many other historical references boil down to the fact that it was known to man even before our era.
- There is a popular belief that a mint leaf in your wallet will attract wealth.
- Dream books say that if you dream of mint, then this means future fun and eventful events.
- It is believed that mint originated from Mediterranean countries, hence the legend of the beautiful nymph Minta. However, so far there is no justification for this, since the British argue with this version.
- Many centuries ago, mint leaves and honey were used to fight off the smell of alcohol.
- It was believed that if you stuff a pillow with mint leaves, you will only have good dreams.
- In Jerusalem, mint perfume was once made and the plant was also added as a seasoning to lamb dishes.
- In Asian countries, not a single soft drink was complete without mint. And not only cooling, because mint was even added to milk teas.
- Hippocrates spoke about the beneficial properties of mint. He himself used mint infusions to whiten his teeth.
- In Italy, mint was once added to wine. Thus, the drink was refreshing and did not leave an alcoholic aftertaste.
- In Ancient Rome, mint was considered an activator of mental activity, so wreaths were woven from the stems and leaves, which the Romans put on their heads.
- The Slavs even added mint to cabbage soup. And traditional Russian mint kvass perfectly quenched thirst in hot weather and had a long shelf life.