Most often, sodium lamps are used in greenhouses to grow plants and illuminate seedlings. Sodium lamps emit bright orange-yellow light, therefore they are not used for lighting in residential premises or streets or are used very rarely.
Today we’ll figure out how to choose the right phytolamp for growing plants and not get confused about its characteristics, together with experts.
Sodium lamps: how to choose a phytolamp?
Sodium lamps are not used for household purposes due to flickering. According to their spectrum, they are ideal for growing fruit-bearing plants.
Sylvania E40 400W sodium lamp, operating life 20,000 hours
In addition to greenhouses and plant lighting, sodium lamps can be used for indoor lighting of production areas if there are no requirements for a high color rendering index of the light source.
Sodium lamp (phytolamp) Osram E27 50W, service life of at least 50,000 hours Depending on the partial pressure of sodium vapor, sodium lamps are:
- high pressure (HLBP);
- low pressure (LPND).
Phytolamp, maximum service life - 28,000 hours The benefits of sodium lamps are obvious - today they remain an effective electrical source of light for plants. The peculiarity of sodium lamps is their light output, which is measured in lm/W:
- 150 - NLVD;
- 200 – NLND.
Phytolamp General Electric E40 1000W, service life - 24,000 hours Technical characteristics of sodium lamps (phytolamps):
- power;
- voltage;
- light flow;
- base type;
- length and diameter.
Sodium lamp design: Oxide electrodes are soldered to both ends of a U-shaped tube made of special borosilicate glass.
IMPORTANT! This glass is resistant to sodium vapor.
What types of sodium lamps (phytolamps) are there? DNAT and ДНЗЛ lamps
Phytolamp Osram E40 400W, service life - 26,000 hours
Subtypes of sodium lamps are: DNZL (sodium arc mirror lamp) and DNAT (sodium arc tube lamp).
Mirror lamps (DNZL) have an axial placement of the burner; they are made in a mirror flask.
- HPS lamps are characterized by a cylindrical bulb - these are light-diffusing lamps, in which the inside of the bulb is coated with a special pigment, which has a positive effect on the optical characteristics.
- Light-diffusing lamps (DNaS) have a convenient elliptical shape.
Phytolamps are endowed with good functionality and are used in various types of lamps.
- The domestic mirror phytolamp NLVD of the Reflax series with a built-in mirror reflector, all the light of which is directed towards the plants, has proven itself to be excellent. The phytolamp is characterized by a high reflection coefficient (95%) and maintains it throughout the entire period of operation.
Philips E27 plant lamp, service life - 28,000 hours
The peculiarity of such a phyto-lamp is that the direction of the light flow is not just downward, but in the longitudinal distribution of light. Reflex is mounted in the center of a rack, window sill, table. This allows the light to be scattered lengthwise and in both directions.
Let's find out how DNAT works. Both the design itself and the principle of operation of the HPS lamp are no different in complexity. The “burner” is represented by a cylindrical discharge tube made of pure aluminum oxide, which is placed in a transparent glass container.
In the internal space of the burner there is a mixture of sodium and mercury vapor, with a small content of xenon (ignition gas). HPS sodium lamps, like other types of gas-discharge sodium lamps, require the use of an IZU (special triggering device) and a ballast (choke).
Phytolamp for plants Lisma E27, service life - 20,000 hours
A simplified operating principle of a HPS lamp: after switching on, the IZU delivers electrical pulses with a voltage of several kilovolts, which leads to a discharge in the gas-discharge tube and the formation of an arc. The inductor included in the circuit ensures voltage stabilization and maintaining it at the required level for its normal functioning.
Osram sodium lamp
Philips sodium lamp
Sylvania sodium lamp
There are also phytolamps for sale for plants with IZU in the body design - DNAS. They are produced by Osram and Philips (Philips).
Sodium arc lamps are widely used for greenhouses in places where there is little sun. Plants require the red and blue spectrum. Blue light for plants - for growth and development. Red light for plants stimulates fruiting and flowering.
IMPORTANT! A phytolight with a sodium lamp in a greenhouse can be used all year round.
- Metal halide lamps (MHLs) are a type of gas-discharge lamps. The principle of operation is the passage of an arc discharge of electricity in a gaseous environment. The gas used is inert argon and mercury.
Mercury lamps have a similar operating principle. Halogen metal compounds - sodium and scandium iodides - ensure the passage of an arc discharge.
Why iodide? Because these substances do not react with the material (quartz glass) of the lamp bulb. Halides, while there is no discharge, cover the walls of the product with a film.
Osram E40 250W HPS lamp with a service life of 26,000 hours. The lamp spectrum is suitable for the flowering stage of plants indoors
When the contact is closed, the temperature rises and an arc discharge occurs, which promotes the evaporation of halides and their further decomposition into iodine and metal ions contained in the compound.
In this case, a glow visible to the eye causes ions in the gas, and the movement of ions from the hot zone to the colder walls is observed. In the process, connections are restored and condensation occurs on the walls in the form of a film, which closes the cycle. The lamp operates on a closed cycle principle.
The color of the glow depends on the type of metal used: yellow glow is produced by sodium compounds; green – thallium; blue – indium ions.
Scope of application of sodium lamps: as street outdoor lighting (rarely), office premises, commercial real estate.
- The chokeless mercury-tungsten lamp DRV is a type of direct-connection mixed light diode. The phosphor used in them is based on yttrium vanadate. Widely used for lighting rooms with valuable equipment, for retrofitting lamps with high-power incandescent lamps.
Features of mercury-tungsten lamps DRV:
- often used instead of incandescent lamps;
- there is no need for either an ignition device or ballast;
- long service life compared to incandescent lamps.
Characteristics of DNAT
low pressure - monochrome yellow;
high pressure - allows you to differentiate colors in almost the entire range, excluding short wavelengths, at which the color fades.
Life time
From 12,000 to 25,000 hours.
Flaws
in cold weather they shine worse;
long turn-on and warm-up time – > 10 min;
explosive;
operating parameters become different when the supply voltage of the lamps changes;
less environmentally friendly compared to DNaZ.
Colorful temperature
SST – 2500 K;
low pressure lamps – 1800.
Consumption
The current indicated on the choke (lamp current) is multiplied by the network voltage and by cos φ (available on the choke) = the power that the meter counts.
Disposal
Subject to special disposal.
High light output up to 130 lm/W.
The DNAT 250 lamp is very economical. The tables below show the characteristics of different types of DNAT and where they are best used.
To understand what characteristics you should pay attention to when choosing a phytolamp, consider the typical lamp markings. It consists of 7 points: power, luminous flux, energy efficiency, color temperature, color rendering, luminous flux stability, service life.
Of all the parameters, the most important for us is luminous flux. You can determine it by Lumens (Lm) next to the number. And to understand how many phytolamps are needed for the normal development of plants in greenhouses, it is enough to use the formula: illumination is equal to the luminous flux divided by the surface area of the greenhouse.
DNAT lamps: characteristics of a lamp for flowers
Main technical characteristics
t of operation
From -30ºС to +40ºС
Base type
Threaded E27 or E40
Color t
Light output
From 80 to 130 lm/W
Light flow
From 3700 to 130000 lm
U on the lamp
100 to 120 W
Wavelength
From 550-640 nm
Light pulsation
Color rendition
Power
From 70 to 1000 W
On time
From 6 to 10 min
Life time
From 6 to 25 thousand hours
HPS lamp design
Additional equipment is used to ignite and burn the arc. HPS lamps cannot be connected directly to the home electrical network, since the network voltage is not enough to ignite a cold lamp.
Sodium lamp for plants Sodium 100 W 2500K E40 Delux, designed for 1000 hours
It is better to limit the arc current; use a HPS lamp in conjunction with ballasts (ballasts) in order to stabilize the power consumption of electricity and extend the service life:
- Electronic ballasts (electronic) increase the frequency of the current, which helps eliminate the flickering effect of 50 Hz;
- EmPRA (electromagnetic).
When HPS lamps work, they glow bright orange because they contain sodium vapor. It can heat up to 300º, so only ceramic cartridges are used. HPS lamps are installed in lamps for various purposes, and are powered by an alternating voltage of 220 V.
In the ballast circuit for HPS, a phase-compensating capacitor is required. Its use reduces the load on home electrical wiring and the lighting circuit.
How to connect?
using ballasts - electronic ballasts or electronic ballasts;
in some cases, a pulsed ignition device or IZU is used.
not always indicated by the manufacturer;
the weight of the HPS 250 lamp is 0.23 kg, and the model with a power of 400 W is 0.4 kg.
How to check?
Through a choke, a capacitor and a lighter
What load does it consume?
As the life resource is consumed, the power consumption of the NL gradually increases and increases by 40% relative to the original
Light flow
HPS (70, 150, 250 or 400 W) are characterized by a specific radiation color with an orange-yellow or golden-white tint
Life time
From 12000 hour to 20000
Where is it used?
internal lighting of large areas, greenhouses, gyms, external lighting of roads, residential sectors, streets;
in flower beds, greenhouses, plant nurseries.
May be harmful to health with prolonged contact, lamp contains mercury
Heating temperatures
strong heating during operation; color temperature SST-2500K;
produces about 96-150 lm/W; the gold standard when growing plants.
How much more economical are ice lamps than HPS?
LED is more economical than HPS, but it is impossible to use LED as the only light source, since the plant needs the entire spectrum, and LED provides only blue and red;
it is better to use LED and DNAT in combination;
full spectrum is necessary at the seedling and vegetative stages;
At the color stage, one ice will be enough.
What can replace a sodium lamp?
To LED, based on goals, savings and necessity
Which lamps are best for growing plants?
Sodium lamps for plants are quite expensive, they get very hot, and can explode if water gets on the glass. In addition to sodium lamps, they also use:
- energy saving lamps (housekeepers);
- induction phytolamps;
- LED lamps for plants (LED phytolamps).
IMPORTANT! LED phytolamps, unlike sodium lamps, do not flicker, they are not explosive, and do not emit harmful UV radiation.
- in the budget segment OSRAM L 36 W /765 Daylight (T8 fluorescent lamp + 40 W incandescent lamp);
- LED phytolamp for plants LED Grow Light from a manufacturer you trust. Such a phytolamp will cost more, but it will definitely not let you down.
To date, no lamps have been created that could create a 100% imitation of sunlight. Each of them has only one emission spectrum predominant.
As for, during the growing season it especially needs the blue and red spectrum. The first is needed for the growth and full development of seedlings, and the second, in turn, stimulates their flowering and subsequent fruiting.
For each period, accordingly, it needs its own backlight.
Operating principle
Sodium lamps for greenhouses are classified as gas-discharge lamps. Gas discharge devices are actively used not only in greenhouses, but also in squares, roads, streets, warehouses and industrial premises. The gas-discharge environment inside the devices is created using sodium vapor, which glows red-orange.
For comparison: In mercury, a white glow predominates. As for the radiation itself, it is created by arc discharges. The operating principle of this type of devices is based on them.
The lamp bulb is a cylindrical tube made of fire-resistant glass. It is filled with a mixture of mercury and sodium. It contains a burner made of aluminum oxide.
Reference. When designating such a lighting device, specialists use the abbreviation DNaT, which means “sodium arc tube lamp.” The main manufacturers of these products are two companies: Silvania and Philips.
To start such devices and regulate the current in them, there is ballast equipment. In addition, you will need an electronic ballast with the following advantages:
- Thanks to its operation, the power is stabilized, so the lamps last longer.
- Electricity consumption is reduced by almost 30%.
- The frequency of the current increases, the light output increases.
- There is no flickering effect.
Types of lighting fixtures
Sodium lamps are divided into two categories: high and low pressure. In plant growing, high-pressure sodium lamps are used for greenhouses.
NLVD are divided into the following types:
- DNAT- These are ordinary arc lamps with powerful light radiation. One of them is quite enough to illuminate a small vegetable garden construction.
The emission spectrum of such devices can be changed by combining them with other types.
- DNAZ– lighting sources with a mirror reflective layer. The layer is applied to the inner surface of the flask. It is effectively protected from adverse weather conditions and mechanical stress and increases productivity. Sintered electrodes are located inside the flask.
They provide high efficiency And reduce energy consumption. Compared to HPS, mirror lamps are not powerful enough.
- DRI and DRIZ– the most advanced devices for greenhouses. Metal halide devices are resistant to current surges, they serve for a long time, they have the most optimal spectrum radiation required for growth, and high efficiency.
But they are not without some disadvantages, the most important of which is the cost, which is quite high for the average consumer. Plus, they require a special cartridge to use. This makes it difficult to replace failed lamps.
Photo
The photo shows sodium lamps for greenhouses:
Features of NLVD
The luminous flux, luminous efficiency and burning duration depend on the power of the NLVD. Color rendering is improved through the use of luminescent materials coupled with gas mixtures.
Concerning power, then it must be suitable for the application. To illuminate seedlings, devices with parameters of 70-400 W are selected, which can serve in greenhouses in any season of the year.
Bulbs with higher ratings will simply burn the vegetables. Therefore, before purchasing them, be sure to consult a specialist.
Advantages and disadvantages of high pressure sodium lamps
NLVDs have many advantages:
- They are economical. They consume little electricity and are affordable.
- Durability: lasts about 20,000 hours.
- High luminous efficiency compared to simple incandescent lamps.
- Thermal radiation. When the NLVD glows, a large amount of heat is released. Therefore, you can save a lot of money on heating a greenhouse, especially during cold weather.
- The red-orange emission spectrum allows accelerate flowering processes and fruit formation, which contributes to the appearance. And the blue part, as a rule, is provided by natural light.
- High efficiency(thirty%). It exceeds that of most artificial lighting sources.
Attention! NLVD is best used in the final stages of seedling growth. If you provide lighting in the early stages, the shoots will begin to grow faster, elongate and form long stems. Proper growth can be ensured by combining the devices with metal halide lighting sources.
Disadvantages of NLVD
- The big minus of NLVD is high heat, besides, they flare up for at least several minutes. Their lighting attracts them to greenhouses, which cause noticeable damage to seedlings.
- NLVDs are unsafe. The filler is a mixture of mercury and sodium. Accidentally breaking a lamp can put an end to the entire harvest.
- Device operation depends on voltage. If its fluctuations in the network exceed 10%, such lamps are not recommended for use inside greenhouses.
- In the cold lighting lose effectiveness. Therefore, their use in shelter is limited.
For reference! Plants in greenhouses where NLVDs work often appear pale and unhealthy. But you shouldn't be afraid of this. This is an optical illusion. Simply, sodium lighting noticeably distorts our color perception.
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The HPS lamp today is considered one of the most economical among other light sources.
general description
They are used everywhere, you can choose a power ranging from 70 to 400 watts. They can be found mainly in street lighting systems, including transport highways, train stations, airfields, tunnels, and industrial areas. Thus, lamps of this type are applicable in places where there is a need to provide contrast visibility in all weather conditions. The HPS lamp is used in greenhouses and flower beds.
Connection features
The described lamps should be connected in a special way. Initially, this will require a ballast, otherwise called electronic or electromagnetic ballast. You will also need a pulse ignition device. All these components can be purchased together with the lamps in the specialty departments. However, a number of manufacturers produce sodium lamps that do not involve the use of IZU. They use a starting antenna, made in the form of a wire, and also twisted around the so-called burner.
Main technical characteristics
The HPS lamp has many advantages. Among them are a long service life, which is limited to a limit of 1,200 to 25,000 hours; efficiency and high light output. The latter figure can reach 130 lm/W. However, some technical features of such lamps significantly limit the scope of their use. If we take into account the characteristic expressed in color rendering, then HPS, the power of which can be equal to 250 or 400 Watts, does not act as the optimal choice in all cases. This is due to the fact that the use of such lamps is advisable only with minor requirements for color rendering.
Among other things, the HPS lamp, whose power is 70, 150, 250 and 400 Watts, requires a very long turn-on time, which ranges from 6 to 10 minutes. It should be noted that efficiency directly depends on the ambient temperature, which limits its use. For example, at low temperatures the lamp shines worse. Experts say that environmental friendliness is an ambiguous parameter compared to mercury lamps. This is due to the fact that most HPS uses sodium amalgam as a filler, which is a compound of mercury and sodium.
Additional features
If we are talking about high-pressure sodium lamps, they have a high efficiency of 30%. If we take into account the spectral analysis of the light emitted by HPS, then the wavelengths ranging from 550 to 640 nm account for the most impressive radiation, which is close to human perception.
If you change the supply voltage, the operating voltage of the lamp will change, as well as other parameters. For this reason, it is necessary to take into account that the manufacturer advises operating such lamps with a small change in the supply voltage, which varies by 5% on both sides of the nominal value.
Application
HPS lamps, the characteristics of which are described in the article, have the most important characteristic, which is expressed in power. The choice of feature should be appropriate to the area of use. Thus, the HPS lamp 250, as well as 70, 150 and 400 Watts can be used when artificial lighting is required in greenhouses, plant nurseries and flower beds. Plants feel most comfortable under the influence of lamps with a power of 150 and 250 watts. If you decide to use a power of 400 Watts, then the lighting devices cannot be brought closer to the plants than 50 centimeters.
More powerful lamps should not be installed in flower beds and greenhouses for the reason that they can simply burn the plants. The high-pressure HPS lamp is used, as mentioned above, in underground passages, for street lighting and in closed complexes. However, the most commonly used power for this is 70 or 150 W. During operation, it is important to ensure that the surface of the lamp is protected from moisture and dust. Therefore, for outdoor use, it is recommended to select IP 65.
What else you need to know about HPS lamps
If you want to connect the HPS lamp yourself, then the information presented in the article above will help you. However, before purchasing such a product, it is important to know about all the features. For example, these light sources are gas-discharge, which indicates that their glow is the result of a gas discharge in a gas mixture of significant pressure. This process is carried out in an external flask, which is a burner filled with a gas buffer mixture.
These are used to illuminate industrial and residential premises due to the fact that the caustic yellow light is accompanied by a significant pulsation coefficient. This spectral composition can significantly reduce visual ability. As a result, there is a risk of fatigue.
The power of HPS lamps is selected depending on the purpose of use. When considering light output, one cannot fail to note the aging effect. Thus, by the end of its lifespan, the light output can be reduced by 2 times. Such lamps can only be used at a certain temperature, which varies from -30 to +40 degrees.
Conclusion
A lamp with a HPS lamp cannot be used when it is necessary to illuminate industrial and domestic premises, but it has found its wide distribution in other areas. Before purchasing, it is important to familiarize yourself with the technological features of the device in more detail. Consumers may even consider the circuit diagram of a HPS lamp before making a purchase. This information will not be superfluous. In addition, it is important to ask the seller how suitable the lamp is for use in certain conditions. The purchase may not be advisable if the device will be subject to constant exposure to, for example, extremely low or extremely high temperatures throughout its entire service life. As a result, you will be faced with the problem of rapid lamp failure, which will entail unexpected expenses.
The deciphering of the abbreviation of HPS lamps is as follows: “D” - arc, “N” - sodium, “T” - tubular. These light sources are in great demand in both domestic and industrial applications. Next, we will talk about where sodium light bulbs are used, and also bring to your attention the most important technical characteristics of HPS lamps.
Application area
So, as we have already said, sodium light bulbs can be used not only in everyday life, but also for industrial purposes. As for home conditions, HPS lamps are used for growing plants in greenhouses and sometimes even for. However, the first application option is more common, which is due to the technical characteristics of the products, which we will discuss later.
In addition to domestic conditions, sodium lamps can be used to illuminate gyms, underground passages and even streets. However, at the same time, the use of these light sources for high-quality illumination of certain areas is a very controversial issue, because The bulbs have a very low color rendering index and at the same time high pulsation.
Overview of 250 W sodium light bulb parameters
Main settings
So, now we will look in tables at the main technical characteristics of the most popular models of HPS light bulbs, namely: 70, 100, 150, 250, 400, 1000. To begin with, to make it clear to you, let’s talk a little about all the most important data, after which we will collect some are listed in a handy table.
- operating temperature from -30 o C to +40 o C;
- service life (working life) from 6 to 25 thousand hours;
- threaded E27 or E40;
- efficiency factor (efficiency) - 30%;
- power (energy consumption) from 70 to 1000 W (indicated by a number after the letter marking, for example, a HPS lamp 150);
- voltage on the lamp is from 100 to 120 Volts;
- luminous flux from 3700 to 130000 Lm;
- luminous efficiency from 80 to 130 Lm/W;
- wavelength from 550-640 nm;
- color temperature 2000 K;
- color rendering 20-30 Ra;
- pulsation of light flux up to 70%;
- switching time from 6 to 10 minutes;
So we have provided general information about the technical characteristics of HPS sodium lamps. Now we invite you to familiarize yourself in more detail with the description of all the most important parameters of existing models: 
We have even provided the dimensions of the cylindrical tubes in the tables so that you can take them into account when calculating lighting for plants. As for weight, it can vary and this technical parameter is not always indicated by the manufacturer. To give you a rough idea of the value, we can only say that the weight of the HPS 250 lamp is 0.23 kg, and the model with a power of 400 W is 0.4 kg.
That's all I wanted to tell you about the characteristics of sodium light bulbs. We hope that the provided general information with tables was useful for you and came in handy in your calculation work!
A sodium gas-discharge lamp (SL) is an electric light source, the luminous body of which is a gas discharge in sodium vapor. Therefore, sodium resonant radiation predominates in the spectrum of such lamps; the lamps give a bright orange-yellow light. This specific feature of NL (monochromatic radiation) causes unsatisfactory color rendering quality when illuminated by them. Due to the characteristics of the spectrum and significant flicker at double the frequency of the power supply network, NLs are used mainly for street lighting, utilitarian, architectural and decorative. It is used for internal lighting of production areas if there are no requirements for a high color rendering index value of the light source.
Depending on the value of the partial pressure of sodium vapor, lamps are divided into low pressure LP (LPND) and high pressure LP (NLHP).
Despite their disadvantages, sodium lamps are one of the most efficient electrical light sources. The light output of high-pressure sodium lamps reaches 150 lumens/Watt, low-pressure sodium lamps - 200 lumens/Watt. The service life of a sodium lamp is up to 28.5 thousand hours.
Historically, the first of the IPs to be created were the NLNDs. In the 1930s this type of light source became widespread in Europe. In the USSR, experiments were conducted to master the production of NLLDs, there were even models that were mass-produced, but their introduction into the practice of general lighting was interrupted due to the development of more technologically advanced mercury gas-discharge lamps, which, in turn, began to be replaced by NLLDs. A similar picture is observed in the USA, where NLND in the 1960s. have been completely replaced by metal halide lamps. However, in Europe, NLND is still quite widespread. One of their applications is to illuminate suburban highways.
Low pressure lamps have a number of features. Firstly, sodium vapor is very aggressive towards ordinary glass. Because of this, the inner flask is usually made of borosilicate glass. Secondly, the effectiveness of NLND strongly depends on the ambient temperature. To ensure an acceptable temperature regime for the flask, the latter is placed in an outer glass flask, which plays the role of a “thermos”.
The creation of high-pressure lamps required a different solution to the problem of protecting the flask material from the effects of not only sodium vapor, but also the high temperature of the electric arc. A technology for manufacturing tubes from aluminum oxide Al2O3 has been developed. Such a transparent and chemically resistant tube with current leads is placed in an outer flask made of heat-resistant glass. The cavity of the outer flask is evacuated and thoroughly degassed. The latter is necessary to maintain normal temperature conditions of the burner and protect the niobium current inputs from the effects of atmospheric gases.
The NLVD burner is filled with a buffer gas, which serves as gas mixtures of various compositions, and sodium amalgam (an alloy with mercury) is dosed into them. There are NLVDs “with improved environmental properties” - mercury-free.
The lamps emit yellow or orange light (at the end of the lamp's life, the emission spectrum changes and ranges from dark orange to red). The high pressure of sodium vapor in a burning lamp causes a significant broadening of the emitted spectral lines. Therefore, NLVDs have a quasi-continuous spectrum in a limited range in the yellow region. Color rendering when illuminated with such lamps is slightly improved compared to NLND, but the luminous efficiency of the lamp decreases (to approximately 150 lm/W).
High-pressure sodium lamps are used in industrial plant growing for additional illumination of plants, which allows them to grow intensively all year round.
Nomenclature
In the domestic nomenclature of light sources, there are a number of types of NLVD:
- HPS (Arc Sodium Tubular) - in a cylindrical flask;
- DNaS (Arc Sodium in a Light-Diffusing Flask) - were produced by the Poltava Gas Discharge Lamp Plant and are intended to directly replace mercury gas discharge lamps (DRL). The burner of such lamps is placed in an elliptical outer flask, similar to DRL lamps, but instead of phosphor, it is coated on the inside with a thin layer of light-scattering pigment, which allows these lamps to be used in lamps or other lighting installations designed for DRL lamps, without deteriorating their optical characteristics;
- DNaMT (Arc Sodium Frosted) - produced by the Lisma production association (Saransk), completely similar to DNaS lamps;
- DNaZ (Arc Sodium Mirror) - produced in various modifications. Lamps are produced in small batches in a bulb similar to DRIZ, where the burner is placed axially (on the geometric axis of the reflector). Lamps known under the brand name “Reflux” with a specially shaped mirrored bulb have become more widespread. Headlight lamps with a HPS burner were produced in small quantities.
