What kind of drywall is there? Gypsum plasterboard sheets (GKL) Construction material g to l

Drywall is used in repair and finishing work in the construction of office buildings and premises, residential buildings, country real estate, private houses and cottages. For construction, plasterboard is produced in sheets of sufficiently large size, which speeds up the execution of work on the construction of partitions, wall cladding and construction of structures.

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Drywall sheets

Drywall is produced in sheets. A sheet of drywall has a certain length and width, and different thicknesses. Drywall sheets differ not only in size, but also in properties. The distinctive properties of plasterboard sheets are moisture resistance (moisture resistance), resistance to open flames (fire resistance), and increased impact resistance. Also, the plasterboard sheet has differently made end edges on the long side of the sheet.

Drywall sheet has a rectangular shape. Technologically, a sheet of plasterboard has a front and an inner side. All factory markings of the sheet (company name, size, lot number) are applied to the inside of the plasterboard sheet. The outside is clean. Also on the outside of some types of sheets, a thinned edge is made.

Drywall sheet dimensions

Speaking about the size of the drywall sheet, I would like to note the following. Sheet sizes are regulated by GOST 6266-97 “Gypsum plasterboard sheets”. This GOST was developed with the participation of the Tigi Knauf joint venture and, as a result, all plasterboard sheets produced by Knauf exactly meet the requirements set out in GOST 6266-97 (link at the bottom of the article).

Knauf plasterboard sheet Available in lengths from 2000 mm (2 meters) to 4000 mm, in increments of 500 mm. That is, you can find plasterboard sheets on sale with lengths of 2000; 2500; 3000; 3500; 4000 mm.

The width of the Knauf plasterboard sheet is 600 or 1200 mm.
The thickness of the Knauf plasterboard sheets is 6.5; 8.0; 9.5; 12.5; 14.0; 16.0; 18.0; 20.0;24.0 mm.

Unlike Knauf sheets, Giprok plasterboard sheets are produced in other sizes, which does not prevent them from having a Certificate of Conformity (Nq PoCC El.AI09.H004, valid 09.26-2014) allowing its use in Russia. By the way, the certificate of conformity was issued on the basis of the same GOST 6266-97.

Gyprok plasterboard sheet Available in lengths of 2500, 2550, 2600, 2700, 2750, 3000, 3300, 3600 mm.

The width of gypsum board sheets is generally 1200 mm. Less often 900 mm.
The thickness of the gypsum boards is 6.5; 9.5; 12.5; 15.4 mm. The thickness of the sheets varies depending on their properties.

Properties of plasterboard sheet

The most important properties of plasterboard sheets that you need to know when purchasing them are moisture resistance and fire resistance. These and some other properties of the drywall sheet are “coded” in the sheet markings.

Knauf drywall sheet markings

GKL - ordinary plasterboard sheet (GSP-A, PLUK edge);
GKLV - Moisture-resistant plasterboard sheet (GSP-N2);
GKLO - Fire-resistant plasterboard sheet (GSP-DF);
GKLVO - Moisture-resistant plasterboard sheet with increased resistance to open flame (GSP-DFH3IR).

Note: Since 2017, the marking of Knauf gypsum board sheets, which are correctly called Knauf super-sheet) has changed. The new sheet markings are shown in brackets. Basic release of all sheets with PLUK edge.

Moisture-resistant sheets are used for walls and ceilings in wet rooms, such as bathrooms, toilets, showers, provided they are protected with finishing materials (tiles, paint) or waterproofing impregnations.

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Ordinary sheets of drywall in damp rooms begin to swell over time, compromising the integrity of the finishing coating.

Nomenclature of plasterboard sheets Giprok

GKL - Standard plasterboard sheet
GKLV - Moisture-resistant plasterboard sheet;
GKLU - reinforced plasterboard sheet;
GKLVU - Moisture-resistant reinforced plasterboard sheet;
GKLO - fire-resistant plasterboard sheet;
GKLZ - windproof plasterboard sheet;
GKLD - Design plasterboard sheet.

Edge of a sheet of plasterboard

When installing plasterboard sheets (picture), seams remain between the plasterboard sheets. The seams between the sheets must be sealed (putty) if they are to be painted or wallpapered. If the plasterboard surface is finished with tiles or other covering material, then you can do without sealing the seams. Depending on whether you need to putty the seams between the sheets of plasterboard or not, make different edges of the plasterboard sheet.

Edges of Knauf plasterboard sheets

For puttying seams between sheets of drywall, sheets with thinned front edge (UK) or semicircular face edge (PLC).

Drywall that does not require puttying is available with straight edge (PC).
There is also plasterboard with thinned and semicircular edge (PLUK).

Note: From January 1, 2013, all KNAUF enterprises located in Russia are switching to the production of gypsum board sheets with a semicircular thinned edge (PLUK), instead of a thinned edge (UK).

Drywall sheetsGiprokare issued only withthinned edge (UK) and straight edge (PC) .

Sealing joints of plasterboard sheets depending on the edge

PC (straight edge) – For dry installation, without sealing the joint
UK (Thinned edge) – For installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with putty and reinforcing tape
PLC (Semicircular on the front side) – For installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with putty
without reinforcing tape
PLUK (Semicircular and thinned on the front side) – Universal edge for installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with putty
ZK (Rounded edge) – For installation taking into account subsequent plastering.

Examples of plasterboard sheet designations

GKL-A-UK-3000 × 1200 × 9.5 GOST 6266-97 .Plain sheet of plasterboard, with thinned edge, length 3000 mm, width 1200 mm, thickness 9.5 mm
GKLV-A-PK-3500 × 1200 × 12.5 GOST 6266-97 . Moisture-resistant plasterboard sheet with a straight edge, length 3500 mm, width 1200 mm, thickness 12.5 mm.

The marking of a sheet of drywall is applied to the inner (not the front) side of the sheet.

Gypsum plasterboard sheets (GKL, KNAUF sheets) are a gypsum core, all planes of which, except for the end edges, are lined with cardboard. To form the core, G-4 gypsum is used, which has exceptional physical and technical properties as a building material. To achieve the required density and strength, special components are added to it. Another critical component of drywall is the linerboard. Adhesion to the gypsum core is ensured through the use of adhesive additives. Cardboard plays the role of a reinforcing frame and is an excellent basis for applying any finishing material (plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tiles, etc.). Due to its physical and hygienic properties, cardboard is ideal for residential premises. KNAUF sheets are used for interior wall cladding, installation of interior partitions, and suspended ceilings.

GKL are divided into:

ordinary (gypsum plasterboard)
moisture resistant (GKLV)
with increased resistance to open flame (GKLO)
moisture resistant with increased resistance to open flame (GKLVO)

Feature of drywall

It is known that gypsum board, along with the existing listed characteristics, has another remarkable ability - acquiring plasticity when wet and restoring its original quality after drying, while maintaining its given shape. This significantly expands the design and architectural capabilities of gypsum board as a building material, through the ability to form almost any curved surface, be it a ceiling or a wall. In the manufacture of curved forms, plasterboard sheets with a width of 600 mm are used. It should be taken into account that the minimum bending radius of a sheet with a thickness of 12.5 mm will be approximately 1000 mm, and as the thickness of the gypsum board decreases, the radius also decreases. So, for sheets with a thickness of 9 mm, the minimum bending radius is approximately 500 mm.

GVL (gypsum fiber sheet)

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL, KNAUF supersheets) are used for interior finishing, especially those where there are increased fire safety requirements. They are made of gypsum no lower than G-4, with dissolved cellulose waste paper as a filler. Gypsum fiber sheets are a homogeneous environmentally friendly building material used for the installation of interior partitions, suspended ceilings and internal wall cladding in residential premises, industrial buildings, social facilities and medical institutions, schools, kindergartens and sanatoriums. Produced by semi-dry pressing. GVL is used for the installation of partitions and wall claddings with increased requirements for protection from impact, for the installation of prefabricated foundations (dry screeds) for floor coverings, or in the presence of increased requirements for the fire-technical characteristics of the structures used.

GVL are divided into:

regular (GVL)
moisture-resistant (GVLV) (GVLV, unlike GVL, is treated with a special water-repellent liquid, which increases the resistance of its surface to high humidity)
moisture-resistant small-format (DIY)
KNAUF-superfloor (GVLV EP)

Differences between GVL and GKL. Which is better to choose?

So, having examined gypsum plasterboard and gypsum board, let’s dwell separately on the differences. What should you choose? GVL is used for the construction of partitions and wall claddings with increased requirements for impact protection, that is, it is harder than gypsum plasterboard. GVL is easier to handle when sawing in any direction, as it is homogeneous in composition. GCR is less durable and is cut across so as not to disturb the cardboard reinforcement (although in some cases it is allowed), but it is capable of acquiring plasticity when soaked, and when drying, restores its original strength. Drywall is the best base for wallpaper. They can be glued without any pre-treatment; the only thing you need to do is cover the nail heads with nitro enamel or alcohol varnish to prevent corrosion. Or you can not paste over the walls, but, for example, whitewash or paint them with glue or oil paint, like ordinary plastered surfaces. It is not recommended to use lime paints, as they do not adhere well to cardboard. It is impossible to answer unequivocally that it is impossible to better GVL or gypsum board. There is no universal answer. It all depends on the task at hand and the operating conditions of the premises.

Main profile brands for gypsum plasterboard or gypsum board

Metal profiles are used in all categories of buildings: residential, public, industrial and agricultural. They are used to form frames of various designs and purposes, including for partitions, cladding and suspended ceilings. The frames, in turn, are a rigid base for attaching drywall and gypsum plasterboard.

The main profile brands for fastening gypsum plasterboard or gypsum board:

How to cut drywall sheets correctly

When installing drywall, use solid sheets wherever possible. Cut the sheet of drywall to length so that the end of the sheet meets the support beams, joists, studs or jambs. To properly cut the sheet to length, first install it so that the end extends beyond the edge where you plan to lay the drywall. Measure the required length using a tape measure. Then use a special tool for drywall - a stripper and mark the beginning and end of the cut on the sheet of drywall with a knife. Make a cut along the length of the drywall sheet with a special knife. To get the most straight line possible during the first cut, you can also apply a makeshift ruler to the drywall. For these purposes, you can use a wide metal profile, level, etc. Tap one side of the sheet. The drywall should break exactly where the cut you made. If the end edge resulting from cutting is not smooth enough, it should be corrected with a special grater. The paper should not be allowed to peel off from the plaster because... this may have a negative impact on quality. If a paper “fringe” has formed at the end, it should be cut off with a knife. You can also use a plasterboard disc cutter for cutting. This will prevent the paper covering the bottom of the drywall core from tearing. Therefore, in order to completely separate the sheet pieces, run the blade of a knife along the cut area to separate the back covering as well. A different technology for installing drywall is used when you need to cut a sheet of drywall in places where there are internal corners. To make such cuts, use a special tool - a drywall knife. Make a cut where you want to cut the sheet and sharply bend one edge back, as described above. After this, you will again have to cut the paper covering the back of the drywall core. Another way to make the cut for the inside corner is to first secure a sheet of drywall where you are making the overlap, and then use a drywall knife to make the desired hole.

Cutting out shaped parts from plasterboard

To obtain a part with uneven edges (arc, wave, zigzag, etc.), you can use a special file to work with drywall, but when using it, the sheet may crumble and the edge of the part will turn out uneven. If you try to align the edge, the dimensions of the part may change. In such cases, it is much easier and more convenient to use a jigsaw to work with drywall.

Drilling drywall

Often for mounting recessed lighting fixtures, etc. Drywall holes required. Small holes are drilled with ordinary drills, and larger ones (for halogen lamps, various pipes, etc.) with special saws for working on drywall or drilled with crowns.

Bending drywall

To create arches, figured ceilings and some other structures, it is necessary to obtain curved parts. There are several ways to work with drywall to bend a piece.

First way. Wet the part and, when it becomes flexible, give it the desired shape. After drying, the part can be mounted. This method of working with drywall, of course, makes it possible to obtain a curved part, but it will require a significant investment of time, which will not please customers very much.

Second way. Use a special spiked roller (needle roller). It is used to pierce the paper on the outside of the intended bend in the drywall, and then the part is bent by applying physical force. As a result, the paper is torn due to punctures and makes it possible to bend the part. The method is quite effective, but it will require special skills, and the part can be difficult to screw on, and before puttying it will look completely unaesthetic.

Third way working with drywall to bend a part consists of cutting the outer side of the intended bend at intervals of approximately 5 cm. Depending on the steepness of the bend, the interval may vary. Then the part is broken at the places of the cuts and bent to the required extent. A part prepared in this way is easy to assemble and requires a minimum amount of time to manufacture.

Drywall installation

First of all, it should be noted that there are many systems and methods for installing drywall in the world. Let's look at the most popular of them:

First way. Installation is carried out using so-called adhesive compounds. This, one might say, is the simplest method of installation: an adhesive composition is applied to a previously prepared (cleaned of old wallpaper, plaster, etc. and properly primed) surface of the wall (installation of plasterboard ceilings in this way for natural reasons is not carried out, prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. The glue should be applied in “patches” at a distance of no more than 35 cm from each other, with the exception of the corners of the room and the joints of sheets, where the glue is applied in a continuous layer. Also, when applying glue, you should take into account the individual slope, curvature, and deformation of the wall, i.e. In convex areas, less glue should be applied, and vice versa. In places where the depressions are too large, you should first glue a strip of drywall, as if leveling the surface. You can check these characteristics using a level and a thread stretched along the wall. After applying the adhesive, a pre-cut sheet of drywall is pressed against the wall. Next, with the help of a level and skillful hands, the sheet is aligned in the plane we need. Sometimes, when installing plasterboard with an adhesive compound, strips of plasterboard (so-called “beacons”) about 15 cm wide are first glued to the wall, and the sheet itself is glued directly onto them. At the same time, do not forget to let the glue dry. The advantages of this method are simplicity, high speed of installation and no need for a special set of tools. The disadvantages include the impossibility of creating new partitions and niches: in addition, this method does not allow laying sheets on a wooden base.

Second way. Installation of drywall is carried out on a frame made of wooden blocks. Installation of drywall on a frame made of bars was popular about ten years ago, due to the shortage of metal profiles that existed at that time. This method consists of two stages: assembling a frame from bars and actually installing plasterboard sheets on a wooden frame. The assembly of a frame from bars begins with the alignment and subsequent fixation of the guides. Depending on the material to which the beam is attached, the appropriate fastening is selected, most often it is a dowel nail (if the base is concrete, brick, etc.) or a self-tapping screw with a large pitch (if the base is wooden). To align the guides, as well as the entire frame, a level and strips of veneer are used, which, if necessary, are placed under the bars. After installing the guides, the main bars are set and fixed. They should be installed no more than sixty centimeters from each other, i.e. so that each sheet of drywall is attached at least at the edges and in the center, and the edges of adjacent sheets are attached to one bar. Before installing pre-cut plasterboard sheets, you should make sure that the assembled frame forms one plane, and, if there are any shortcomings, eliminate them. Drywall is attached to the wooden frame using wood screws. In this case, the distance between the screws should not exceed thirty centimeters, and the screws themselves should be screwed into the drywall in such a way that their heads are slightly recessed, but without allowing the paper to tear. Compared to the previous method of installing drywall, this method has a number of significant advantages. These, first of all, include the possibility of creating new structures, such as arches, partitions, niches, etc.; In addition, we get the opportunity to change the shape of existing walls and partitions. However, this is a more labor-intensive method that requires a special tool. We should also not forget that with changes in temperature and humidity, wood tends to deform, which cannot but affect the quality of the entire structure.

Third way. Installation of drywall using a metal frame. A metal profile is used to create the frame. The assembly of the metal frame, as in the previous case, begins with the alignment and subsequent fixation of the guides. A level is used to set the guides, as well as the entire frame. The difference is that the main profile is fastened using special fittings called “suspension” and metal screws. The use of hangers allows you to simultaneously attach the metal profile to the wall and align it in the desired plane, which greatly simplifies the process of installing drywall. Suspensions should be located at a distance of no more than seventy centimeters from each other, and the main profile should be installed no more than sixty centimeters from each other, i.e. so that each sheet of drywall is attached at least at the edges and in the center, and the edges of adjacent sheets are attached to the same profile. Drywall is attached to the metal frame using metal screws. In this case, the distance between the screws should not exceed thirty centimeters. Installing drywall on a metal frame is the most relevant method today, because... it, while retaining almost all the advantages of other methods, is not burdened with their disadvantages. In addition to all the advantages of using a metal frame, it is also possible to hide electrical wiring, heating radiators, pipes, etc. under drywall, and install recessed lighting fixtures - halogen lamps, etc. The disadvantages of this method include the need for special tools and qualified specialists.

Security measures

Gypsum dust can cause eye and respiratory irritation. Therefore, you should take care in advance to protect your eyes and lungs. To do this, you must use safety glasses and a mask or respirator, as well as ensure proper ventilation of the repair area. Carefully study the purpose of each tool and use these tools only for those applications for which they are specifically intended. Unsharpened tools are dangerous and can become a hindrance, or even cause harm to your work. Always use sharp blades. Keep track of your drywall tools and keep them in safe places. Always turn off the electricity in the room if you work in a potentially fire hazardous area. Be careful when working on trestles, scaffolding and ladders. We must not forget that when installing a construction ladder, all its legs must be firmly on the ground. Never try to reach to the side or upward when working on a ladder. Keep children away from the construction site and keep them away from power tools and construction materials, solvents, etc., which may be hazardous to their health. Keep the work area clean and do not allow debris and waste to accumulate on the construction site.

Drywall is one of the most popular materials for construction and finishing. Installation is not difficult even with your own hands, but to perform the work correctly you need to know the basic characteristics of the product. GKL sheet acquires all its properties as a result of a special production technology. Although many manufacturers produce the material, there are a number of brands whose products are of high quality.

The abbreviation stands for “plasterboard sheet”. The product consists of a rigid middle layer covered on both sides with cardboard. Although this structure is not extremely durable, the panels are excellent for quickly covering vertical and horizontal bases.

The material has a second name - “dry plaster”. Indeed, gypsum boards do an excellent job of creating a smooth surface that is suitable for any finishing.

The popularity of plasterboard is largely due to its low cost and relatively simple production technology.

The demand for the product is explained by its excellent characteristics:

Environmental friendliness. The composition does not contain harmful components. The resulting coating also meets all fire safety standards. When exposed to high temperatures, no toxic fumes are released.
Light weight. The standard size of the slab is 120 x 250 cm with a thickness of 9.5 and 12.5 mm. The mass of such a part is about 29 kg, which does not place a large load on the foundations and makes it easier to do the work yourself.
Ease of processing. Cutting sheets of drywall does not require the use of complex tools; a regular or stationery knife will do.

The main advantage of gypsum plasterboard over other finishing materials is the variety of varieties:

About 70% of the entire drywall market is occupied by 3 main types - gypsum board, gypsum board and gypsum board, the product can be distinguished by the color of the shirt, and all reputable manufacturers comply with the established color scheme

Ordinary. Suitable for leveling surfaces in rooms with a stable humidity of no more than 65%.
GKLV. The meaning of this abbreviation is “moisture-resistant plasterboard sheet.”
Fire-resistant type (abbreviated GKLO). Compared to other options, it retains its structure when exposed to high temperatures for a longer time.
GKLVO. An abbreviated name for a material that combines the properties of the two previous types.
Decorative or arched. Due to its flexibility, it allows you to create interesting solutions in the interior.

Varieties of gypsum boards also include specialized products: reinforced and acoustic.

Drywall production

The production of slabs is not difficult, but requires the use of special equipment, high-quality raw materials and strict adherence to technology.

The following components are required for operation:

Gypsum. Occupies 85–90% of the composition. Mostly natural material is used, but artificial components can also be used in small quantities.
Foaming composition and starch filler.
Special additives. For each type, certain components are selected: gypsum plasterboard includes reinforcing fibers, and waterproof options include antiseptics and hydrophobic components.
Water. Purified, without foreign impurities.
Cardboard. For external coatings.

The lion's share in the composition of drywall is occupied by natural gypsum; the amount of additives responsible for enhancing certain characteristics often does not exceed 10%

How to make drywall:

The raw materials are processed: gypsum is crushed in a special drum and dried, which ensures the finest fraction is obtained.
The components are mixed, the resulting mass is combined with the liquid in the required proportion, chemical soap and modifying components are added. The technology involves separate application, after which general mixing is carried out. For faster hardening, a catalytic component is used.
The machine feeds the bottom facing layer onto the line. The prepared composition is poured using distributors onto cardboard pre-treated with glue.
The thickness of the slab is formed, and the top protective layer is laid. Thanks to rolling devices, an edge of the desired configuration is created, which is covered with cardboard.
The sheet dries quickly. Once the required density is reached, the part is moved to a conveyor where final cutting and drying occurs.
Products are laid out on pallets. Plasterboard slabs must look in accordance with the requirements, defects are not allowed.

The procedure for making drywall has not undergone major changes over the past couple of decades, the main components of the conveyor are similar, the difference lies in the quality of the equipment

Quality control is mandatory not only at all stages of production, but also immediately after production. For this purpose, the sample is tested according to GOST standards.

If you want to learn more about drywall production, watch the following video:

Application area

The main purpose of the material is to quickly create a level base. Installation is carried out in two ways: on the frame and with glue. The first option is more preferable because it allows you to achieve reliability and durability.

Sheets can be used for the following work:

The relatively affordable cost combined with simple installation technology has led to the fact that the popularity of plasterboard structures is many times higher than all other types of interior decoration.

Wall covering. Depending on the installation method, the product can correct even serious foundation defects.
Ceiling installation. A suspended frame system is used for this process. The technology allows you to perform work of varying complexity; drywall is excellent for creating multi-level structures.
Construction of partitions. Dividing a room using such material is the simplest option. Installation is not difficult and can be done in one or several layers. The created structures can play not only a separating, but also a decorative role.
Implementation of design ideas. Drywall is a product that allows you to create a simple or complex architectural composition without any problems. This could be an arch, niche, column and other decorative details.
Closing openings. Due to its light weight and size, the process does not take much time. If necessary, the structure can be easily disassembled.
Surface repair. The advantage of the product is that if the damage is minor, the area can be easily restored or replaced.
Creation of communication boxes. Drywall allows you to hide the supply and drainage systems in the bathroom and toilet.
Construction of dressing rooms and closets. Storage locations may have different configurations.

On a note! For each situation, the variety is selected individually; if necessary, a combination is used.

Review of manufacturers

At the moment, the market for construction and finishing materials is represented by different brands. The most popular manufacturers of gypsum boards are:

The logo of a well-known brand is already considered a guarantee of quality, but when choosing, it is advisable to inquire about the characteristics of the material, and most importantly, check the certificate of conformity

Knauf. A well-known foreign manufacturer that has a large number of factories in Russia and produces many varieties of gypsum boards, including specialized ones. Drywall from Knauf is very popular due to the excellent quality of products at an affordable price.
Gyproc. Scandinavian brand, not inferior to Knauf. Giprok also produces products that are suitable for performing various tasks; if the installation nuances are observed, the coating is extremely durable. An alternative is the Austrian company Rigips, which, like Gyproc, belongs to the BPB (British Plaster Board) holding.
JSC Gips (Volgograd Gypsum Plant). This domestic manufacturer is well known for the Volma brand and produces regular and moisture-resistant drywall. Control of production technology ensures high quality of the material.
LLC "Golden Group" Domestic manufacturer producing different types of gypsum boards. For production, a foreign line of Lafarge equipment is used.

This is a list of the main brands, the rest are less popular.

The resulting surfaces need finishing; compositions and materials produced by the same brand are suitable for this. Sheetrock mixtures can be used as an alternative.

Recently, “dry” construction and finishing technologies have become increasingly popular. This is understandable. With less time spent, the result is very decent. You just need to choose the right materials. If you want to level the walls, ceiling, make a floor or sheathe a frame, but do not want to use potentially hazardous materials containing formaldehyde, you will have to choose from sheet materials made from gypsum. These are gypsum fiber (GVL) and plasterboard (GKL). But deciding which is better to use - GVL or gypsum board - is not so easy. Both materials have their pros and cons. And, the most reasonable thing is to use both, but in those areas where their properties will be in demand.

GVL and gypsum plasterboard: what is it in construction

Drywall and gypsum fiber are relatively new building materials. They appeared a couple of decades ago, but have already confidently supplanted traditional materials. To understand the best way to use GVL or gypsum board, you need to have a clear idea of what kind of materials they are, what their advantages and disadvantages are. Based on this knowledge, you will be able to make the best decisions yourself. Because it is impossible to say unequivocally which is better - GVL or gypsum board. In some places one material is more suitable, in others it is better to use a second one. So let's figure out what these materials are and what types of gypsum board and gypsum fiber board exist.

GCR: what is it and what types are there?

GKL is an abbreviation for the name Gypsum Cardboard Sheet. This material consists of two cardboard sheets, between which there is a layer of gypsum. They are connected to each other using construction adhesive. It is often called “plasterboard”, or the abbreviation gypsum board is used, sometimes you can hear “gypsum board”. The latter name is found zonally - more common in St. Petersburg and its environs. In this region, plasterboard was supplied by the Finnish company Gyproc, which gradually became a household name.

GCR is used for “dry” leveling of walls or cladding of frames in frame housing construction. Suitable for interior use, too fragile for exterior use. Drywall is used for walls, partitions, and ceilings.

In the production of gypsum boards, thick and smooth cardboard is used. It serves as a reinforcing and shaping element. The gypsum layer gives strength and keeps its shape. In most cases, a sheet of drywall has a thinner edge on the long side (there are also even ones with right angles). This allows you to carefully putty the joints when joining. So for some types of finishing materials it is not necessary to putty the entire area.

GKL can have different edges. You need to choose it depending on the area of use

Drywall is produced for different operating conditions; for easy recognition, cardboard of different colors (gray, green, pink) is used:

For premises with normal operating conditions - standard plasterboard. Has a gray color.
For rooms with high humidity levels - moisture-resistant gypsum plasterboard. It turns green.
For fire hazardous premises/buildings - fire resistant - GKLO. Has a pink color.
In rooms with increased fire hazard and high humidity, GKLVO is used - fireproof, moisture-resistant plasterboard.
Recently, soundproofing plasterboard (GKLZ) has become popular. It has a high-density gypsum core and is reinforced with fiberglass. Designed to increase sound insulation of frame-sheathing structures of walls, ceilings and partitions. The leaf is purple or blue in color.

GKLZ - soundproofing plasterboard. KNAUF sheet (GSP-DFH3IR) has the following properties: increased density, moisture resistance, impact resistance, increased strength

Now you know what gypsum plasterboard is, what types of drywall there are and where they are used. This is a popular material for interior decoration. It does not contain harmful substances, although gypsum dust that may appear during operation may pose some danger. To decide which is better GVL or GVK, now let's talk about gypsum fiber.

GVL - what is it, what is it made from, what types are there

The name GVL is also an abbreviation from the technical name of the sheet building material: Gypsum Fiber Sheet. This material is made from a mixture of gypsum with cellulose fibers (fluffed waste paper). The mass is mixed with water, sheets are formed from it under a press, which are brought to normal humidity (dried).

Types of edges - for walls it is better with a chamfer, for floors - even

GVL is also used for dry leveling of walls and ceilings, cladding frames, and flooring. Unlike gypsum board, it has “basic” non-flammability, since cellulose is covered with a layer of non-combustible material - gypsum. GVL is produced with two types of edges - flat and folded. The seam edge is removed with a plane, the chamfer depth is about 2 mm, the width is about 30 mm. When installing on walls, this allows you to further strengthen the seam (lay a reinforcing mesh) and putty it.

Gypsum fiber boards acquire special properties with the help of special additives. Based on this feature, there are the following types:

Standard - GVL. For installation in rooms with normal humidity.
Moisture resistant - GVLV. Used in rooms with high humidity levels to level the floor without screed.
High-strength, moisture-resistant material for flooring. It is marked with GVLV EP (moisture-resistant GVL Floor Element).

Externally, moisture-resistant sheets are no different from standard ones. If the manufacturer is normal, there is a marking on the sheet, which, in addition to the size of the sheets, indicates the type - GVL or GVLV. They also differ in the type of surface: GVL can be polished or unpolished. Polished ones (Knauf) are much higher in price, but do not require mandatory puttying of the entire surface before finishing work.

GVL and gypsum plasterboard: properties and comparison

So far there is no noticeable difference between GVL and GKL. Both are sheet materials that can be used to cover walls and ceilings. Only gypsum fiber is suitable for flooring, but plasterboard is not. This is just the beginning. Let's understand further.

Density, strength

If we compare gypsum fiber board and gypsum plasterboard, then gypsum fiber has a higher density, and, accordingly, with the same thickness, greater strength and weight. Greater strength - it seems to be good. In any case, the GVL is not so easy to penetrate with a blow. Another plus is that you can safely hang shelves on a frame wall covered with gypsum fiber board.

On the other hand, higher density means installation is more difficult. Not every self-tapping screw can be screwed into a gypsum fiber board without pre-made holes. You can do without drilling, but only if you use self-tapping screws and a powerful screwdriver. Moreover, without preliminary countersinking (drilling a hole of a larger diameter), it will not be possible to “drown” the cap into the gypsum fiber. When sheathing gypsum fiber board in two layers without pre-drilling holes, it may happen that the screw screwed into the second sheet “tries” to press out the bottom one.

Drywall has less strength and can be punched through with a punch. But ordinary self-tapping screws easily fit into it. When installing gypsum boards, the most important thing is not to overtighten or tear the cardboard with the screw head. Otherwise, it falls into the gypsum layer, which bursts. You have to turn it somewhere else. If you mess up like this several times in a row, you will have to change the sheet, as it simply won’t stick.

And, by the way, on a wall sheathed in one sheet of gypsum fiber board, a properly installed special dowel (butterfly or also called daisy) can withstand a weight of 80 kg for a long time. The question is that technology must be followed.

Weight of gypsum board and gypsum board

Now let’s talk about why high density is bad. The first disadvantage has already been described: it is more difficult to install fasteners. The second is that greater density means greater mass. That is, to install GVL under the same conditions, a more powerful frame is required. When transporting, you will have to take into account the tonnage; heavy sheets are more difficult to work with. The weight of one sheet of gypsum fiber board is tens of kilograms. For example, Knauf gypsum fiber boards have the following parameters:

a sheet measuring 2500*1200*10 mm weighs about 36 kg;
GVL 2500*1200*12.5 mm has a mass of 42 kg;
a floor element 1550*550*20 mm has a mass of about 18 kg.

Plasterboard sheets are much lighter (see table).

If we talk about the mass of a square meter of gypsum fiber sheet, it can be calculated using the formula:

The mass of a GVL square cannot be less than 1.08*S,
but cannot be more than 1.25*S.

Where S is the nominal sheet thickness in millimeters. So the range of values is quite easy to determine. However, for some reason, manufacturers do not indicate the weight of one sheet. This data can only be found from Knauf. According to their information, the picture looks something like this:

GVL thickness 10 mm - 12 kg/m²;
GVL thickness 12.5 mm - 14 kg/m²;
EP thickness 20 mm - 21.5 kg/m².

When compared with the average weight of gypsum boards, fiber gypsum boards are 3.5-4 times heavier. Lifting even one sheet alone is already a problem. Even if you figure out how to do it without breaking it. Naturally, they need to be mounted on a more powerful base.

Flexibility and fragility

Drywall, due to the fact that the gypsum is between two layers of cardboard, is more flexible. Cardboard performs the task of reinforcement, taking a significant part of the load on itself. Especially under bending loads. For example, a sheet of plasterboard can be lifted from one side by grasping the short side. It will bend, but will not crack. If you try to carry out the same operation with a gypsum fiber sheet, it will crack.

Another advantage of gypsum board is that it can be used to finish curved surfaces. There are several technologies that make it possible to make arches, columns, and smoothly curved reliefs on walls and ceilings. GVL does not provide such an opportunity. It takes bending loads very poorly both along and across the sheet: the cellulose fibers are very short and the board simply breaks. So if you need to finish curved surfaces, the choice between gypsum fiber board or gypsum board is easy to make in favor of the second.

Sound insulation and thermal conductivity

When choosing a material for cladding, indicators such as thermal conductivity and sound insulation are important. As is known, they depend on the density, since GOSTs allow a fairly wide range in the density of gypsum fiber boards; these characteristics must be looked at for each specific manufacturer. To give you at least a rough idea, there is the following data:

Thermal conductivity GVL with a density from 1000 kg/m3 to 1200 kg/m3 has a thermal conductivity from 0.22 W/m °C to 0.36 W/m °C.
The thermal conductivity of gypsum plasterboard is approximately in the same range - from 0.21 to 0.34 W/(m×K).

If we talk about sound insulation, the same picture is observed: the characteristics are approximately equal. GVL provides only 2 dB better protection compared to gypsum plasterboard. It is also worth remembering that you can find acoustic drywall if you wish. It has special characteristics and is used for covering shops, concert halls, and studios. If we talk about private housing construction, it should be used in bedrooms.

If you look at the characteristics, there is no difference in sound insulation between gypsum plasterboard and gypsum fiber board. But this parameter takes into account the “conduction” of sound. There really isn't much difference here. That's how it feels. And significant. A room lined with gypsum fiber boards is much quieter. It's not as loud. Sounds are reflected from smooth cardboard, but “get stuck” in the non-uniform surface of fiber boards. So if silence in your home is important to you, when choosing between gypsum fiber board and gypsum board, opt for gypsum fiber.

GVL or gypsum board: which is better?

Both materials have admirers and opponents. You will have to decide on your own which is better GVL or gypsum board. In this section we will try to compare them according to the most significant parameters. Let's go over the sizes right away. Drywall is produced in a wider range of both sheet sizes and thickness:

GKL sheet thickness: 6.5 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12.5 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 24 mm. The last three are very rare.
The height of the gypsum board sheet can be from 2000 mm to 4000 mm in increments of 50 mm.
The width of the gypsum board is 600 mm or 1200 mm.

As you can see, the range is more than wide. Another thing is that there are usually two or three types on sale. But, if you really want to, everything can be found/ordered. Although, it is usually easier (and cheaper) to buy what is available.

We had less luck with the size of the GVL. We have only two options for gypsum fiber boards: 2500*1200 mm (standard) and 1500*1000 mm (small format). Both options are available in 10mm and 12.5mm thicknesses. All. There are no other standard sizes. There is also GVL for the floor. Its dimensions are 1200*600 mm, thickness 20 mm. It may be chamfered or not.

	GKL	GVL
Cost per square	from 70 rub/sq.m.	from 180 rub/sq. m.
Shock loads	crumbles	tolerates it well
Bending loads	tolerates well, bends	breaks down
Uncover	easy to cut with a utility knife	you need a serious tool with a special disk
Installation of fasteners	special screws are easy to tighten	difficult to twist, you need to pre-drill holes or use self-tapping screws
Changes in size with increasing humidity/temperature	1 mm per meter	0.3 mm per 1 meter
Fire resistance	high - G1	non-flammable - NG
Installation on curved surfaces	available	No

As a result, it is possible to say that gypsum fiber board or gypsum board is better only based specifically on the area of application and operating conditions. In short, here's how you can divide the areas of application:

GVL for walls and ceilings is better if fire resistance is required or if it is necessary to increase the rigidity of the structure (in frames).
It is better to put GVL on the floor, since it reacts less to humidity and does not change its properties.
GCR is indispensable if you need smooth lines or complex multi-tiered structures. , arches, columns, rounded walls and corners - this is just drywall.
If you need to achieve good sound insulation of the second floor, it is better to hem the ceiling with gypsum fiber board.

As you understand, there is no way to definitively say which is better than GVL or gypsum board. In some conditions, one material is better for performing one task, while the characteristics of another are more suitable for another.

Those who are professionally involved in the arrangement, finishing and covering of premises and walls should know exactly what gypsum plasterboard is and how to work with this material, knows the types and subtleties of plasterboard sheets. The construction market is diverse in terms of the choice of materials for finishing and construction, but gypsum board is a universal finishing material.

Looking at plasterboard sheets in detail, we can conclude that this is not only the most popular, but also a universal material.

GCRs are made of two components - cardboard and gypsum.

Construction plaster inside the sheet (base), high-density hard cardboard (cladding) in the form of a slab.

Areas of application:

Decoration of walls and premises;
Installation of suspended ceilings;
Creation of partitions and openings;
Soundproofing design;
Insulation of walls of houses and office premises;
Hiding uneven walls and ceilings.

The use of plasterboard in construction is very extensive, and we will talk about this in detail.

Drywall composition

In the production of plasterboard sheets, there are standards in which, depending on the type, the composition of plasterboard differs.

Description of the composition in percentage terms:

Construction gypsum - 90%;
Pressed cardboard - 5%;
Water, glue, dyes - 5%.

Drywall is an environmentally friendly material, unlike OSB (oriented strand board), which contains toxic substances (formaldehyde and resins).

In the manufacture and production of plasterboard sheets, according to the standard, gypsum of two grades G4 and G5 is used.

Depending on the modification and properties of the resulting plasterboard, there are varieties of gypsum boards, for example, gypsum plasterboard sheets of increased fire resistance, used in flammable and industrial premises, which contain chemical additives that increase fire-resistant properties.

Drywall: material characteristics

Like any building material, plasterboard sheet also has its own characteristics, which include: Let's look at them in detail.

It is based on:

Sheet size (length, width and thickness);
Drywall material;
Weight (from 16 to 35 kg);
Deflection strength, which is the main technical component;
Sheet color (the main ones include white fire-resistant, green moisture-resistant);
Edge shape (straight, thinned, semicircular, rounded);
Fire safety;
Environmental friendliness.

The thickness of the sheet is selected only according to the purpose. For example, for covering a suspended ceiling, it is recommended to choose a thickness of 9.5 mm, since it will not experience high loads and is cheaper. 12.5 mm, since the sound insulation and strength of the wall depend on the thickness.

The weight of one sheet is calculated based on the material used, width, length and thickness of the sheet.

Color characteristics play a significant role when choosing drywall. For the convenience of the buyer, almost all manufacturers, depending on the scope of use, paint the surface. For example, from the manufacturer of gypsum boards Knauf, ordinary gypsum boards are painted grey, moisture-resistant green, fire-resistant dark gray, and their combination is painted dark green.

It is also worth noting that there is also small-format drywall.

The difference in the environmental friendliness of sheets depends on the composition of the materials used and is one of the main technical characteristics of sheet control before entering the market.

To make the wall stronger and quieter, choose the thickest sheet and keep in mind that when installing, try to use solid sheets and use the entire usable area of the slab.

Properties of drywall

Plasterboard sheets differ in properties and the material from which they are made, in connection with this, a special standard 51829 was introduced in Russia in 2001. Depending on the area of application, sheets began to be divided into types that depend on the basic properties of plasterboard.

Among them:

The density of plasterboard according to the standard is 7.2 × 10 2 kg/m 3
Environmental friendliness (presence of harmful impurities);
Air permeability (regulation of humidity and microclimate in the room).

Before purchasing gypsum boards, be sure to ask for information about the manufacturer, check for the “Leaf of Life” eco-label, and preferably familiarize yourself with the composition of the materials used.

Types of drywall

Depending on the area and purpose, plasterboard sheets are divided into 2 main types and 4 subtypes. GCR and GVL (gypsum fiber sheets) are common.

Types of drywall and areas of their application:

GKL is a simple plasterboard sheet, the structure of which includes a gypsum base reinforced with thick cardboard. It is used for cladding walls, arranging partitions, in houses with a temperate climate and normal air humidity.
GKLV is a moisture-resistant plasterboard sheet used in rooms with high air humidity. The peculiarity of this type is that it prevents the formation of mold and mildew on the surface of the wall, and also retains its shape in extreme conditions. Suitable for wall cladding in private houses and even baths.
GKLVO is a drywall that combines moisture-proof and fire-resistant properties. It is used on very important construction sites, for safety from fire and high moisture. The main disadvantage of such sheets is their high cost.
GKLO – drywall with increased fire resistance. The peculiarity of such sheets is the provision of fire safety norms and standards. It is most often used in educational institutions and social facilities (hospitals, educational institutions, etc.).

All types of these plasterboard sheets are distinguished by their environmental friendliness, quality of production and comfort of work, since they have less weight than, for example, oriented strand board (OSB), which is also harmful for use in residential premises.

Depending on the purpose, there are 3 types of plasterboard sheets:

Ceiling - has a maximum thickness to increase noise-reducing properties, used for installing suspended ceilings;
Arched plasterboard has a minimum sheet thickness and is suitable for rough finishing work;
Wall gypsum plasterboard - has a standard thickness of 12.5 mm, used for universal work (cladding ceilings, walls, installing partitions).

When covering a wall with regular gypsum plasterboard, it is combined with laminated gypsum boards, vinyl-coated boards, and a variety of colors and paints.

Advantages and characteristics of laminated plasterboard

Laminated drywall is a new word in the field of finishing and building materials, as it has recently appeared on the market. Its main purpose is decorative finishing of walls and ceilings.

There are practically no varieties of laminated plasterboard sheet. The main difference is the color (design), shape and thickness of the sheet.

In the photo you can see what it looks like and how it differs from a regular sheet. In terms of its characteristics, it is not inferior to moisture-resistant and fire-resistant sheets and is even used in cladding bathroom walls. Laminated plasterboard sheets are made using technology that reinforces a fabric base, which is much stronger than a cardboard base.

Advantages inherent in laminated plasterboard:

Variety of colors and shapes (stone, wood styles, etc.);
There is no need to use self-tapping screws (fastening of sheets is possible thanks to special brackets and clamps;
Easy to clean and maintain;
Easy to install and, if necessary, dismantle;
After installation, there is no need to carry out additional work (plastering, wallpapering, painting the wall);
Increased sheet strength and protection from scratches and damage;
Excellent air-conducting properties of the sheets allow them to “breathe” and thereby control the air humidity in the room;
The use of all kinds of lathing materials for the installation of laminated gypsum boards.
Highly environmentally friendly.

Lamination of plasterboard sheets with PVC films of different thicknesses makes it possible to impart impact resistance and wear resistance to the structure.

Before purchasing such material, you need to consider important technical points:

When installing door and window flashings, it is necessary to use only special glue with the characteristics inherent in sealants;
Cleaning and washing of such panels is allowed only with liquid detergents that do not have solid particles (powder);
Installation in bathrooms and toilets with high humidity is unacceptable;
When creating decorative floors, it is recommended not to remove the post-installation film.

By the way, laminated plasterboard panels are used not only for finishing walls and ceilings, but also for making furniture, decorative elements of interiors and building facades.

What is gypsum board in construction

The construction and finishing of buildings and premises shows that gypsum plasterboard sheets have now taken a leading position in the finishing materials market, as they are distinguished by a large assortment, low cost and flexibility in the work process.

By using gypsum plasterboard together with insulation, you can achieve thermal insulation of a living space that is not afraid of low temperatures and the severe frost of our climate.

In this regard, almost the entire construction industry has switched to plasterboard material, especially in Western countries. For example, in the USA, almost all private houses are built entirely from plasterboard. Plasterboard sheets help builders and designers solve many of the customer’s ideas, in particular covering ceilings, walls, and arranging partitions. With its help you can build small storage rooms. In Russia, the main manufacturer and seller of plasterboard sheets is the Gipsopolymer company.

The main differences between plasterboard sheets and other materials are:

Universality of application (variety of areas of application);
Low production costs, which allows entrepreneurs to establish the production of plasterboard;
The range of construction and finishing materials on the market (comparable to the choice of wallpaper or linoleum);
Convenience and comfort of work (the material can be worked by both an experienced builder and an ordinary person);
Variability in the choice of fastening sheets (screws and self-tapping screws, staples, clamps).

Thanks to these parameters, you can clearly see how the material differs.

Differences and characteristics of perforated plasterboard

One type of gypsum plasterboard is perforated plasterboard, which is noticeably different from the usual one. Its main feature is good acoustic properties. They are used where it is necessary to achieve minimal sound vibrations and echo (stadiums, cinemas, etc.).

It is made of cellulose fabric with a fleecy coating on the surface of the sheet. Properties similar to conventional gypsum plasterboards, with the exception of high sound absorption.

Characteristics of perforated plasterboard:

Ease of installation and maintenance;
Absorption of sound in a resonant manner;
High strength and service life;
Provide optimal climate and humidity in the room;
The need to use special tools during installation;
After installation, joint filling is required;
High price.

In ordinary residential premises, such drywall is almost never used, but is used for exceptional purposes (elevator shafts, rooms with ventilation equipment, as well as pumping and transformer equipment that emit increased noise). Types of perforation of plasterboard sheets: round, square and rectangular.

Characteristics of gypsum board: what is it (video)

Gypsum plasterboard structures help reduce the cost of finishing rooms and houses and increase the efficiency of finishing rooms, as well as ensure compatibility with other materials without harm to health. The latest trends and prospects for the use of plasterboard sheets are determined by lower cost with the same increase in the quality of constructed structures.