Which is better to choose a septic tank for a summer residence? The question is not idle. Equipping a private house or cottage with a sewer system becomes a problem for many owners. After all, many cottage and holiday villages simply do not have the ability to connect to a centralized waste disposal system. But there is a fairly simple solution to this problem - a septic tank for a summer residence or a private house, and for a small area, a mini-septic tank model is suitable.
You can choose a septic tank for your home based on reviews or technical specifications, photo and video instructions. But it is best to choose several septic tanks, focusing on technical characteristics, and choose a specific model based on customer reviews and photos.
What it is?
A septic tank is called an autonomous treatment plant for liquid waste, which is installed in a private area with both low and high groundwater. Septic tanks come in a variety of designs and capacities. Installation of a septic tank is able to ensure the full functionality of toilets, showers and bathtubs, sinks, as well as all necessary household appliances (washing machines and dishwashers). If this is not required, then a mini-septic tank model is quite suitable.
A septic tank for a house with high groundwater is the best alternative to the well-known cesspool. After all, using it with modern materials and technologies is a crime against yourself and the environment. Unlike a septic tank, it is harmful to the environment, violates all hygiene standards, and besides, it also has a constant strong unpleasant odor. But installing a septic tank in your summer cottage will save you from these problems. You can buy a septic tank for a summer cottage without pumping out, then it is almost not required to care for it.
A septic tank can be both factory-made and home-made. However, reviews of home-made septic tanks indicate some negligence of individual authors in the proposed schemes for the operation of septic tanks. The right choice of a septic tank and high-quality installation guarantees a long and uninterrupted operation of the sewer for a period of at least 10 years.
Advantages of septic tanks for summer cottages:
- They are easy to install:
- Eco-friendly:
- Do not require special costs in operation;
- Their installation cost is relatively low;
- Guarantee a high level of wastewater treatment due to the anaerobic process;
- A variety of models allows you to choose a septic tank, both for a small country house, and for a large country cottage or residential complex;
- Suitable for installation in any climatic zone, even in areas with high groundwater;
- When properly installed, they are reliable and durable.
Principle of operation
There are several types of septic tanks for summer cottages, but they all work on a similar principle - this is a large tank, divided into several chambers. The chambers are equipped with filters and in each of them a certain stage of cleaning takes place:
- Physical cleaning, which separates large debris;
- Sedimentation of wastewater in the sump;
- Decomposition of organic waste;
- Anaerobic treatment;
- Removal of the formed gas;
- Filtration and clarification of wastewater.
All this allows you to clean drains to very high rates (up to 98%), although for some models it is necessary to additionally install aeration fields. But there are septic tanks in the country without pumping out, which guarantee a high degree of water purification at minimal cost, but they can hardly be called budgetary. And this, judging by the reviews and photos, the procedure is very expensive.
Types of septum
Which is better to take a septic tank for a summer residence? After all, comfortable living in the country depends on it. There are several features by which septic tanks are classified. This is the design, principle of operation and material of manufacture. Well, let's not forget about the reviews and photo reports of specific users. They will give you an idea of the practical use of septic tanks.
According to the principle of operation of a septic tank, there are:
- Cumulative. They are one large reservoir in which wastewater is collected and settled until pumped out. It is this design that is most often chosen to create a homemade septic tank.
A cumulative septic tank for a summer residence has a number of advantages:
- Low cost. Some craftsmen collect it from improvised material, such as tires;
- Easy to install;
- Suitable for areas with high groundwater;
- Autonomy.
But the disadvantages of this septic tank for giving still outweigh, judging, again, by the reviews:
- Only suitable for sandy soil;
- Not designed for salvo discharges of water;
- Small volume;
- Septic tanks without pumping are expensive;
- Requires regular pumping;
- The need to often resort to the services of vacuum trucks;
- Most often it has an unpleasant odor.
- Anaerobic septic tanks for summer cottages with infiltration fields. This is a large tank, divided into several small sections, where the effluents go through several stages of treatment until the organic waste is completely decomposed. Effluent in this case is cleaned up to 75%. Since this indicator is quite low, it is necessary to additionally install anaerobic fields in the system. Analyzing the reviews, we note that these septic tanks have no fundamental shortcomings, except for the high cost of septic tanks without pumping.
- Aerobic septic tanks for summer cottages. This type of septic tank guarantees sewage treatment up to 98% due to anaerobic bacteria that completely decompose all waste, and the filter system completely purifies and clarifies the water. Often, such septic tanks are equipped with additional pumps, air vents and air compressors. Most models are septic tanks without pumping. This is the most expensive, but at the same time the most effective type of septic tanks for summer cottages. And judging by the reviews and photo reports, this is their main drawback.
You can also classify septic tanks for summer cottages according to the following criteria: factory-made or home-made, autonomous or volatile, underground or ground, requiring pumping and not requiring.
Production material
Which septic tank to choose according to the material of manufacture. For the arrangement of a septic tank, three types of containers are most often used:
- Plastic. Lightweight and durable tanks that are easy to install and maintain. Their service life is quite long and, with proper installation and use, they will last up to 50 years. The installation of small models does not require the use of special equipment. There are septic tanks without pumping, and with storage. But the small weight of the structure is also a disadvantage - the septic tank can "float" to the surface of the soil with an increase in groundwater. Reviews indicate that because of this, such septic tanks cannot be installed in places where groundwater comes out to the surface. Or, in order to avoid the "floating" of the septic tank under the influence of rising groundwater, it is concreted or "anchored" with special belts. So this is not the best option for a septic tank for a summer residence with a high level of groundwater.
- Concrete. A good type of simple and durable septic tank for a summer residence. The structure is very durable, does not corrode, but has a lot of weight. There are two options for building the device. The first is the installation of ready-made factory concrete rings using special construction equipment. The second is pouring concrete into the finished formwork and gradually erecting the structure. This is the best option for a septic tank for giving with high groundwater.
- Metal. They have a relatively small mass, which makes installation very easy, and the reasonable cost of the necessary equipment makes them quite popular among developers. But they also have a drawback - a very high probability of corrosion due to anaerobic processes, the service life of the device is greatly reduced. Suitable for areas with high groundwater.
Device, schemes
Which septic tank to choose according to the arrangement scheme? There are a lot of variations of septic tanks for summer cottages, ranging from a home-made sump from used tires to very complex multi-stage cleaning models from various manufacturers.
Any design of a septic tank for a summer residence consists of several chambers:
- loading capacity for waste;
- additional cleaning chambers with filters and an anaerobic chamber.
Often additional storage tanks and aeration fields are used.
For the equipment of summer cottages or houses where 3-4 people live, mini-septic tanks are most often used for summer cottages, that is, models that are designed to process 0.7-2 cubic meters of wastewater. Such mini-septic tanks have a number of advantages:
- mini dimensions, which makes installation easy;
- a factory mini-septic tank is most often inexpensive;
- building a mini-septic tank with your own hands is much cheaper than buying a finished product;
- operation of a mini-septic tank is economical;
- there are mini anaerobic, accumulative and infiltration models;
- mini-septic tank is very easy to maintain;
- with the installation of a mini-septic tank, just a couple of people can easily cope without the use of construction equipment.
Buying a large septic tank makes sense only when a large number of people live in the house, and a mini-septic tank for giving is ideal if you visit the site only on weekends. But such models require additional reinforcement in areas with high groundwater.
Calculation
Choosing a suitable septic tank for a summer residence is a difficult task. After all, the life support system of the entire house or cottage depends on it. In order for the choice to be successful, it is first necessary to accurately calculate the mode of operation of the sewer and the volume of effluents.
It is on these parameters that the characteristics of the septic tank for giving, which you should pay attention to, depend. You also need to decide - an autonomous or non-volatile sump model will suit you, or will a septic tank connected to the mains suit you?
For example, 3 people live in the country house, which means that the volume of the septic tank must be at least 600 liters. Based on the guests, even a little more. And for the correct operation of the entire system, protection against volley drains and to ensure the operation of household appliances, this number must be multiplied by 3 again, that is, 600x3, and we get a number of 1800 liters per day. This example shows that in most cases it is enough to install a mini-septic tank, and not a large-sized model.
Popular manufacturers
Our market offers a wide range of septic tanks for summer cottages from various manufacturers. The most popular of them are the brands Topas, Eurobion, Topol, Tank, which offer autonomous sewer systems made of plastic.
Their products are a wide range of models of various capacities - from small septic tanks for cottages with a wastewater volume of 1000 liters, to large tanks for hotels and large residential complexes. According to the principle of work - anaerobic and aerobic. They also differ in cost - the most affordable are the systems of the Tank company, and the most expensive are Topas. But all of them have proven themselves well with the owners of private houses, cottages and summer cottages. In the photo you can see their dimensions and shape.
Help in choosing
Before buying or installing a septic tank for a summer residence, several issues must be resolved:
- optimum building size. According to the form presented above, it is necessary to calculate the amount of wastewater. If there is no shower and bath in the dacha, then a hundred liters can be deducted from the total volume of drains .;
- place of installation. It is on this that the optimal form of the septic tank depends. For small summer cottages, it is recommended to choose vertical models. But remember that the sump cannot be located close to water bodies and buildings;
- budget. The quality and functionality of the sewage system and the method of installation depend on it. Of course, the best solution would be to purchase a finished structure with the deepest degree of cleaning and install it on a turnkey basis. But this is not advisable for houses with a seasonal residence of a small number of people.
Remember that a septic tank for a summer residence differs in functional tasks from a septic tank in a private house. The country sewerage system should solve the following issues:
- it should be designed for periodic burst discharges of wastewater;
- country sewerage should be suitable for seasonal conservation for the autumn-winter period.
Prices for septic tanks
In search of an answer on which septic tank to choose for a summer residence, many buyers pay attention to the price of a septic tank. How to buy a quality septic tank without paying extra money?
The average price of a small mini-septic tank of a simple design for a dacha is about 20,000 rubles, more complex models cost more depending on the volume and model. The price of complex sewer systems with aeration is about 150,000 rubles.
Like any other product, septic tanks are presented in large quantities on our market, you can go to the store or see the photo in the catalog. Varieties of designs and models, their price range is very wide, and sometimes it is very difficult for a non-specialist to figure out which is better to choose a septic tank. In this case, it is necessary to take into account your own capabilities and budget, and do not forget about the ratio of cost and quality.
Wanting to buy inexpensively, many summer residents prefer to install a septic tank for their home with their own hands, rather than buying a factory system. In this case, a concrete septic tank for the house will cost 20-30 thousand rubles.
The most inexpensive septic tanks are storage and home-made, and the most expensive are models with several stages of processing and aeration that do not require regular pumping. But which one is better - everyone must decide for himself - after all, it is not always advisable to install an expensive septic tank for a small dacha where no one lives permanently.
- the price of all consumables;
- the price of installation work, if there is a need to involve hired workers.
To determine which is the best septic tank to buy, moreover, inexpensively, you need to study the range of stores and manufacturers' catalogs. Here are some examples of prices at which you can buy septic tanks, and their photos can be viewed on the manufacturer's website:
- "Bionic" with a volume of 1.5 m³ will cost 38,000 rubles;
- "Tver" with a volume of 2 m³ - 70 thousand rubles;
- "Tank-1" with a volume of 1 m³ -17,000 rubles;
- "Triton" for 2000 l. - 24,000.
When erecting a residential building, they simultaneously design a sewerage system, most often an independent one. If earlier sewage was dumped into a cesspool, now septic tanks are replacing it everywhere. These are progressive devices for the purification of domestic wastewater, which are an airtight vessel divided into chambers in which wastewater is first settled, then processed by the efforts of microorganisms, and then filtered.
A huge selection of drain cleaners on the market actualizes the question of which septic tank is best for a permanent home, and which one is more suitable for a country cottage.
The main element of a closed (local) sewage system is classified according to various criteria. According to the number of wells, one-, two- and three-chamber septic tanks are distinguished. They are made of steel, reinforced concrete products, plastic and fiberglass, equipped with suitable materials.
The following is a classification of septic tanks according to design features. Depending on the complex of implemented functions, septic tanks for the home are of three types.
- Cumulative. It includes one chamber or two communicating wells. Waste in a sealed storage tank is divided into liquid and solid fractions, organic matter is split, and the liquid with suspensions settles. In order to avoid overfilling of the vessels, sewage is pumped out from time to time. You can take the drive as a basis when arranging an inexpensive country septic tank. This technical solution is acceptable , if tenants come to the house only on weekends (pumping will have to be done once a year).
- Settler with a compartment for soil purification. This is a reservoir delimited into chambers without a bottom (infiltrators), which play the role of aeration sites (filtration fields). The chambers contain activated sludge, which accelerates the decay of waste masses.
- Installation for deep cleaning. In it, waste is decomposed in stages, using various methods. First, the solid fraction settles, then comes the stage of biorefining of organic matter. Progressive cleaning units of this group are equipped with a compressor. The method is expensive, but very effective: up to 95% of effluents go into a neutral state, and sewage has to be removed no more than once every 5-7 years. It is advisable to equip a deep cleaning station if the house is being built next to a river or pond.
In order for the local sewage system to function more actively, it is recommended to equip an anaerobic septic tank for a private house. It involves the settlement in the primary treatment tank of special bacteria that feed on organic matter and do not need oxygen. This approach accelerates the disinfection and dissolution of wastewater.
If you remove a pipe from the post-treatment tank to communicate with the atmosphere or connect an air compressor, you can get an aerobic septic tank.
To do this, it is inhabited by microorganisms that process organic matter with the access of oxygen. Biological decomposition of waste by two types of bacteria makes it possible to bring wastewater to the state of process water.
When organizing wastewater treatment, an inevitable question arises: how to choose a septic tank for your home? To answer it, the problem should be analyzed from several positions.
1.Factory product or homemade design. In the second case, the cleaner is made from tires, concrete rings, bricks. But such a model is permissible only under the condition of periodic or seasonal residence in the house.
A comparison of septic tanks manufactured at the factory and those of our own production in terms of the duration and safety of operation convincingly proves that for domestic needs it is better to prefer a purchased installation, which, combined with competent installation, guarantees full compliance with building and environmental standards.
Stations with a high percentage of filtration allow you to drain purified water into any body of water.
It is not advisable to use such a septic tank for a summer residence or a detached cottage, but you can purchase it for a village or a street. An individual user is more suitable for a two-chamber or two-capacity septic tank. The first option collects wastewater and performs their primary purification, the second one filters the liquid part and releases water into the ground. Effluent treated with two-chamber units is not allowed to be discharged into water bodies.
2. Material. He also determines the choice of a septic tank for a country house, affecting its service life and reliability.
- Reinforced concrete. Rings manufactured according to the technical process in accordance with the standards do not corrode and have great strength, but their installation will not do without special equipment.
- Metal. The advantages of a steel container are mechanical strength and affordable price, and the main disadvantage is enhanced corrosion. From the inside, the walls of the tank are constantly in contact with the chemically active liquid, and outside - with the soil. In order for a metal septic tank to last longer, waterproofing is required. Installation of a massive tank is impossible without lifting equipment.
- Polymer. Plastic septic tanks are in demand due to their low weight and relative cheapness. The disadvantage of the design is instability: during installation, the container must be constantly kept in a vertical position. Most polymers are prone to damage by rodents, cracking when exposed to low temperatures.
- Fiberglass. Along with chemical neutrality, it also has other positive qualities: it is durable, lightweight, and does not respond to temperature fluctuations. The most durable and practical septic tanks for a country house are made of fiberglass.
3.Groundwater depth and soil type. If a single chamber model is selected, the groundwater must run deeper than the bottom of the tank. For safe use of the multi-chamber option, they must be 1 m below the bottom of the last stage (filter).
If the waters are located at a depth of more than one and a half meters, it is technically difficult to equip drainage fields for three-section septic tanks, especially on waterproof clay soils. Here are some tips for specific conditions.
- Sandy soil. A unit with biological treatment is recommended, after which the water directly turns into sand. The filtration field is located higher.
- Clay. In addition to bacterial treatment, drains must pass through a sand filter. The purified liquid from the septic tank is discharged directly to the ground.
- High line of occurrence of surface waters. The best option is a bio-refined polymer septic tank, specially weighted or fixed to prevent floating.
4. The volume of the vessel and its dimensions. The capacity is calculated on the basis of the average daily flow rate per person (with a standard set of plumbing - 200 liters), the number of residents and a three-day supply. If there are four in the family, the volume of the septic tank is calculated as follows:
200*4 people*3 days = 2400 liters
If the country mansion is often visited by guests, the result is increased by 2/3: 2400 * 1.66 = 3900 liters. The optimal depth of the tank is from 1.3 to 3.5 m.
Depending on the obtained cubic capacity, according to table 1, a septic tank model is selected.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house and cottage
Cottage for periodic rest
If residents visit the house on weekends, and there is not much plumbing equipment in the dwelling, then a productive complex that processes wastewater is not required. Dacha owners often choose inexpensive, low-performance single-chamber drives. Unlike a cesspool, they are filled with sand and gravel layers-filters, providing 50% cleaning.
Following the advice of experts, it is better to prefer a small two-chamber mini-septic tank with settling and infiltration sections. If the volume of wastewater is not higher than the normative (passport), then such equipment perfectly performs the functions assigned to it.
Before choosing a compact septic tank for a summer residence, get acquainted with its features:
- mini-septic tanks are sold complete with activated sludge populated with anaerobic biomaterial (after processing organic matter, the liquid is filtered in the well, then enters the soil);
- storage sewer tanks are made of reinforced polyethylene, resistant to frost;
- compact products are delivered to their destination by car, no construction crane is needed for loading;
- you can install a septic tank alone.
Country house for permanent residence
For a family with an average income, the best septic tank for a country house is a unit with two or three sections (factory-made or built from reinforced concrete rings). This is a combination of a one- or two-chamber drive and a septic tank filter. The first two wells (settlers) are airtight, and the third one is without a bottom; a layer of sand and gravel is poured into it.
When filling the septic tanks, a septic tank is called in to clean the septic tank, and the filter components are changed every three years. A multi-chamber septic tank cleans drains by an average of 90%.
Which septic tank to choose for a country house to make drains cleaner and less likely to call a vacuum cleaner?
- Septic tank with filtration field. This is a complex that combines 2-3 wells and a drainage zone (it requires an area underground of at least 30 m2). The minimum distance between the field and the house is 30 m.
- Multi-section septic tank with biofilter. This is the answer to the question of which septic tank is better for a country house and a summer residence in the presence of permanent residents and taking into account the high boundary of the passage of groundwater. The model, manufactured in an industrial way, consists of 4 sections:
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewage line, the owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewage system in their area have a question about whether to choose.
The main classification of systems for the disposal of wastewater from a private house is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage tanks are the easiest option. They are sealed containers. In these containers, sewage enters and accumulates there, which must be pumped out, periodically calling a sewage truck.
- A septic tank with post-treatment carried out in the soil is a fairly simple option for treating wastewater. Such stations are formed by 1 or 2 reservoirs, in which large particles are deposited and pollutants are decomposed without oxygen. The degree of purification in anaerobic devices is not very high, water cannot be discharged into the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to equip a soil post-treatment stage, where the remnants of contaminants will linger in the filter bed.
- A feature of biological aerobic treatment plants is an additional stage of wastewater treatment by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. To do this, a compressor is built into the septic tank, which pumps air.
Note! It is necessary to choose a place on the site for the placement of septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment, taking into account sanitary rules.
There are ready-made versions of various companies on the market, but with certain skills, you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that are taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of inhabitants and the mode of water use
A septic tank is a local sewerage device on the site. There are many varieties of systems and types.
These are simple structures made independently, and treatment plants. This article should help you choose the best septic tank for your private home.
The main purpose is the collection, settling and purification of wastewater. They are used in places where there is no centralized system - in summer cottages, outside the city.
There are several parameters by which this component of the local sewage system is classified:
- by the number of wells;
- by material;
- for constructive solutions.
Based on the number of wells, there are single-chamber, two-chamber and three-chamber. The material in the manufacture is steel, reinforced concrete, plastic. According to the design, accumulative, with soil post-treatment, with deep filtration are distinguished.
Cumulative
Consists of one chamber or two interconnected wells. Waste that enters a hermetically sealed storage tank is divided into liquid and solid. Organic matter is broken down, and the liquid settles. So that the chambers do not overflow, they should be pumped out periodically.
This option is considered not the most expensive. They are used in summer cottages, where accommodation takes place only during the season or on weekends. In this case, you can clean it once a year.
Important: storage systems should be used with a small amount of wastewater, for example, in summer cottages, otherwise the cost of their maintenance will be high.
In the construction of the structure, concrete rings and plastic containers are used.
With soil treatment
In a house with permanent residence of people and the presence of running water, the best option would be to install an overflow structure. In it, the liquid is not only settled, but also additionally purified.
This type requires pumping less often. It is cleaned with their own hands every two to three years. To increase this period, use special bacteria. As a result of their activities, the amount of denser waste is significantly reduced.
There is only one caveat to using this model - the type of soil. It cannot be built on a site with clay soil and with a high groundwater level.
With biological treatment
The decomposition of waste in such an installation occurs in several stages and by various methods. First, liquid and solid waste fractions are separated. Then the denser ones settle to the bottom, and organic matter is biorecycled.
This model is more of a treatment plant equipped with a compressor. It is quite expensive, but it neutralizes up to 95% of drain masses. Installed in areas located near a reservoir or with a high GWL. During operation, it does not emit any odors.
The principle of operation of the septic tank is based on the connection to the mains. With an unstable power supply, the station will not be able to work.
anaerobic and aerobic
Bacteria are used in some types of modern sedimentation tanks. In the course of their life, they absorb waste and contribute to the natural treatment of wastewater. According to the principle of work, they are:
- aerobic;
- anaerobic.
Aerobic bacteria purify and clarify the liquid by 95-98%. At the outlet of the aerobic system, it meets the requirements accepted for technical water. This liquid can be used to water the soil or fill a reservoir.
An anaerobic septic tank requires constant maintenance. Every two months it is necessary to top up the bioactivator to ensure that the wastewater treatment is at the proper level. The advantages of using this type include the low cost of construction.
How to choose
In parallel with the construction of the house, the sewerage system is also being designed. Previously, this was not particularly taken care of, and all the masses simply merged into cesspools.
Later, they began to be replaced by septic tanks - containers for collecting wastewater from a residential building. To know which sump to choose, you should study all the factors that affect its location on the site.
We take into account the type of soil
The type of soil on the site should be taken into account. Some of them are not suitable for use in clayey rock, others are preferable to put in sandy soil.
In the work should follow a few simple rules:
- when groundwater is located at a depth of one and a half meters, it is difficult to prepare drainage for a three-section sump;
- on sandy soil, it is preferable to mount a container with biological treatment. The liquid is directly discharged into the sand, where it is absorbed. Filtration drainage is arranged closer to the surface;
- at a high location of surface waters, a variant with deep biological treatment should be used. It is made heavier with the help of improvised means or fixed.
Clay is an unstable material, which requires additional work in the installation of the sump. At the end of frost, the structure of the clay changes, it thaws and pushes the structure out of the soil. Therefore, a septic tank in clayey rock is equipped with additional metal clamps during installation.
For containers used in clay soils, two filtration fields are arranged. For this, two trenches are brought to the sump. In one are, and in the other - a layer of gravel, the height of which is up to 30 cm.
Seasonality and volume calculation
An important point when choosing the type of sump is the period of residence in the country or in your home. When installing a minimum set of plumbing, an inexpensive single-chamber storage option is quite suitable.
Despite its simplicity, it is qualitatively different from a cesspool. Sand or gravel is poured to the bottom of the drive. Thus, a filtration layer is formed, which cleans the effluents with a 50% result.
For longer stays, you should purchase a compact two-chamber version. It consists of sections for settling and infiltration of effluents. The use of this type of equipment is effective if the volume of drain masses does not exceed its standard value.
Important: when purchasing a septic tank, carefully consider the choice of its technical characteristics. Particular attention should be paid to the number of residents it is designed for.
With permanent residence and sufficient funds, it is better to purchase a whole station, consisting of two or three sections. It can be prefabricated or built independently from reinforced concrete rings.
With its device, a one- or two-chamber drive and a filter section are combined. Settling tanks are made airtight, and a filtration septic tank with a drainage bottom made of sand and gravel. The liquid is pumped out with a vacuum cleaner from the storage sections, and the filter is changed every three years. This multi-chamber sump purifies effluents by 90%.
The volume of the device is calculated based on the average daily rate of sewage per person. This figure is 200 liters. Also, when calculating the capacity of the sump, the number of people living in the house and the possibility of accumulating a three-day supply are taken into account. For example, for a family of three, the volume is calculated as follows: 200 * 3 people * 3 days - equal to 1800 liters.
In the event of the arrival of guests, the volume received should be increased by two thirds: 1800 * 1.66 - equal to 3000 liters.
The recommended depth of sedimentation tanks is 1.3-5 meters. Using these data, their cubature is determined and the required type is selected. With a volume of drains up to 1 m3. use a single-chamber version, with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. choose a two-chamber type if the volume of effluents is more than 10 cubic meters. - three-chamber, with a field for drainage.
A sump with a filtration field combines two or three wells. The drainage zone covers an area underground of at least 30 sq. m. The distance from the field to the house is 30 meters.
With a high occurrence in the groundwater area, it is recommended to install a multi-section septic tank with a biofilter. This model includes four sections: a sump, an anaerobic chamber where large waste decomposes, a separator containing a filter with microorganisms, an aerobic septic tank with forced ventilation.
The performance of the proposed wastewater treatment plants meets a variety of requests. On sale there are also small options for servicing a family of one or two people, and entire treatment complexes for servicing a summer cottage.
Material for manufacturing
Most models of modern multi-chamber devices used in private homes are made from PVC. Often there are products made of stainless steel and fiberglass.
The main advantage of plastic products is their low weight. Their installation does not require the involvement of special construction equipment. On the other hand, this quality is also a disadvantage, since the container may float or be subjected to mechanical action of the soil. To protect the structure, concreting the walls of the pit and securing the septic tank with belts are used.
The choice of material of the product depends on its service life and reliability of work:
- Reinforced concrete rings used in the construction of sedimentation tanks are not subject to destructive corrosion processes. For their installation, it is necessary to involve special equipment.
- Metal structures are durable and low cost. But, perhaps, these are the only advantages. Such types require additional waterproofing work. The inner walls are constantly in contact with the active chemical material, which leads to destruction.
- Fiberglass is a chemically neutral material that is strong, light and resistant to temperature changes.
Note: fiberglass products are the most practical in use, have a long service life.
For cleaning structures in country houses, factory-made or home-made sedimentation tanks are used.
Do-it-yourself options from improvised materials are only suitable for cottages with seasonal residence of several people. For a house with permanent residence of people, it is better to use a purchased installation, which guarantees a long and safe removal of waste.
The use of a two-chamber device allows for primary wastewater treatment and safe disposal of purified water into the soil.
Service
Trouble-free operation of a septic tank requires its maintenance. These works are carried out on their own or with the involvement of specialists.
Simple two-chamber do-it-yourself structures are serviced by the owners of the houses themselves. These works include pumping out solid fractions and sludge from the settling chamber, replacing microorganisms for the decomposition of organic matter, revision of ventilation and overflow pipes.
Once every three years, the filter layer at the bottom of a leaky chamber should be replaced. This should be carried out, since the bottom is silted, which leads to a deterioration in its operation.
By performing these simple operations, you will extend the operation of the local sewage system for several years.
If your house is served by a multi-chamber treatment plant, then its disassembly, filter cleaning, and membrane replacement should be carried out by qualified specialists.
Local sewerage costs
The cheapest designs are septic tanks or sewers. If you dig a pit yourself, then the financial costs will go only to the purchase of a container for wastewater. The approximate price of septic tanks with a volume of 1.4 to 5.0 thousand liters is 15.0-62.0 thousand rubles.
When arranging a local sewage system, the costs include not only the purchase of sedimentation tanks, but also the purchase of pipes, a waterproofing device, and the purchase of components for.
The cost, consisting of two or three reinforced concrete sedimentation tanks with waterproofing and a cushion of sand and gravel, is about 42.0-47.0 thousand rubles. The price depends on the diameter of the rings, their number, the choice of water purification method.
The installations used for deep biological wastewater treatment have a high cost. Arranged in the form of combined blocks, equipped with biofilters. They are made of reinforced concrete, plastic and metal. Price from 80.0 to 345.0 thousand rubles.
Popular models and principles of operation
- two-chamber septic tank with a drainage field. It allows you to make drains cleaner and less likely to use the services of a sewer. The drainage area is up to 30 sq. m. underground areas. Distance from home - at least 30 m;
- multi-section sump with biofilter. It is used in the case of permanent residence of a family of 3-4 people in a country house and with a high occurrence of groundwater on the site.
The standard model consists of four sections: the sump itself, the chamber for the splitting of coarse waste with anaerobic, the separator with microorganisms, the aerobic septic tank, which plays the role of a drainage field.
You can find designs that meet the most diverse requirements of users. It could also be a wastewater treatment plant. Rating:
- "Triton". Compact in size three-chamber sump for giving.
Available in models, the volume of which is from 2 to 40 cubic meters. Cleaning of coarse waste is carried out twice a year. The service life, subject to the rules, is about 50 years.
During installation, the walls of the pit are concreted to securely fasten the structure.
For small cottages with seasonal residence of one or two people, a two-chamber Triton-mini model is used.
- "Tank". The septic tank is made of high-strength plastic.
The principle of operation is based on the stage-by-stage purification of wastewater with the help of settling and the use of biofilters. The main advantages include ease of installation, high level of purification, low cost. Cleaning is carried out every five years.
- "Topas". It is a volatile model, as it runs on electricity.
Effluent is treated in several stages: decomposition of large particles, reduction of the degree of their mineralization, mechanical removal of components. Allows you to clean wastewater by 98%, which is the best indicator. Purified water is used to irrigate the soil.
In order to choose the right option, you should find out the requirements of its work and study the conditions of the site. Then compare the characteristics of models offered by different manufacturers.
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Septic tank for a private house. Septic tank for a private house price.
A septic tank for a private house is an indispensable condition for a comfortable stay, since only such a completely autonomous purification system allows you to efficiently remove wastewater where there is no possibility of connecting to a central sewer. Having installed a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is quite acceptable, the owners forget about the outdoor toilet and buckets of water, like a nightmare. Care and maintenance septic tank for home does not require much effort, and the cost of installation pays off very quickly.
Septic tank selection calculator
Main parameters:
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Discharge of water from a septic tank
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How to choose a septic tank for a private house.
Each septic tank for a private house must effectively perform the most important function - to make wastewater safe for residents of the house and the surrounding area. At the same time, such an installation also helps to significantly save on utility bills.
Before you choose the most suitable and efficient septic tank for a private home, you need to consider some factors:
The number of people living in the house.
The volume of wastewater entering the system and the number of sources requiring maintenance (sinks, toilets, showers, bathtubs, washing machines, dishwashers).
The material from which a septic tank is made for a private house.
Features of the soil on the site and the terrain.
The presence of a reservoir nearby, where you can remove excess water.
septic performance.
If you choose a modern high-performance septic tank for a private house, then the best option would be a concrete type of treatment plant. Such a septic tank is not subject to temperature changes and is resistant to ground pressure. A concrete septic tank for a private house can be made by hand or by contacting a professional company with experienced specialists. It is a structure of concrete rings, which are interconnected by reinforcement. Such a system is suitable for organizing local storage or settling sewage, and will be a good choice for a house where people live permanently.
An excellent option would be to buy a septic tank for a private house made of plastic. These are ready-made structures in the form of plastic containers, which are great for any type of soil, have a long service life and are unpretentious in maintenance. Treatment plants provide a deeper degree of cleaning than concrete structures, but the price of a septic tank for a private house of this type will be higher.
To date, a fully autonomous septic tank for a private house is the most popular option. It uses forced multi-stage filtration, which ultimately purifies water up to 95-98%. The combined cleaning method (biological and mechanical) provides a guarantee of safety for the environment and the health of people living in the house.
It is best to buy a septic tank for a private house from a company that officially cooperates with the manufacturer and offers a full range of services for installing a cleaning station, launching and servicing. A professional company gives a guarantee for all work performed and installs equipment in accordance with all the rules of SNiP and sanitary epidemiology.
A detailed video on installing a septic tank for a private house.
Pumping septic tank for a private house.
If you decide to install a pumping septic tank for a private house, then be prepared for the fact that it needs to be cleaned regularly. You can do this yourself or with the help of specialized companies.
1. Manual cleaning requires a lot of time and effort, and it will be necessary to solve the problem of waste disposal.
2. Mechanical pumping involves the use of special powerful pumps and equipment for waste removal. A septic tank for a private house also needs a complete cleaning of the pipeline, dilution of activated sludge, and disinfection. All these services are not cheap, but they compensate for the time and nerves spent and guarantee the high quality of system cleansing.
3. An automatic septic tank for a private house, the price of which is higher than the cost of a concrete one, can be equipped with a pumping function. It has filters that clean themselves several times a month. However, here it is necessary to monitor the number of bacteria, since they are washed away with the liquid into the sewer.
To the question - which septic tank is better for a private house, there is no universal answer. For each individual case, it is necessary to select the optimal version of the model and take into account the number of residents, the volume of wastewater, the characteristics of the soil and climate in the area. Domestic manufacturers of septic tanks offer a wide range of models that differ in performance, design and cost. Therefore, before you buy a septic tank for a private house, you should consult with experienced professionals.
If you are looking for an effective septic tank for a private house, the price of which is affordable, then here is a ranking of the best options:
Cleaning plant Poplar.
Cleaning system Topas.
Autonomous station Termit.
Septic tank for a private house Ecoline.
The list can be continued, since Russian manufacturers regularly improve their products and offer high-quality new products on the market.
Installation of a septic tank for a private house.
A septic tank for a private house should be located no closer than 5 meters from a residential building. At the same time, there must be at least 30 meters to the source of drinking water. When installing a septic tank for a private house, the price of which is affordable, it is worth remembering that the farther it is from the house, the more sewer pipes will be required and the higher the final cost of work will be. To install a septic tank for a private house, you need special tools and equipment, sand and cement, pipe insulation. The process itself consists of 4 main steps:
1. A pit breaks out under the septic tank and ditches for the pipeline.
2. The septic tank is placed in the pit with the help of technology.
3. The pipeline is mounted and connected with a slope of 1-2 cm per 1 linear meter of the pipe.
4. With a mixture of sand and cement 5: 1, the entire structure is covered and compacted.
Thus, you can install a septic tank for a private house on your own, but it is better to entrust this difficult work to professionals in order to guarantee a perfectly functioning wastewater treatment system.