1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sewer pipes are an integral element of any sewerage system, and their role in the functioning of the systems cannot be underestimated. Pipes have been used for sewerage since very ancient times, but even today the situation has not changed much. Of course, with the advent modern materials it has become much easier to equip the sewer system, and even more High Quality easier to achieve, but the very principle of its operation remains the same.

Returning to sewer pipes, we can ask the question: what is generally required from sewer pipes? The main requirements for sewer pipes:

1. Long service life. There is nothing more unpleasant for residents than constant sewer pipe breaks. Not only will the characteristic smell escape, but also the likelihood of environmental poisoning becomes much higher.
2. High throughput. A pipeline break is an unpleasant event, but no one wants to clean out the sewer regularly either. To avoid possible blockages, the choice of pipes must be carried out wisely.

From these requirements the following can be deduced: specifications that sewer pipes must have:

• high strength;
• good wear resistance;
• smooth inner surface;
• ability to work in different temperature conditions;
• ease of installation and low weight;
• low cost.

Types of sewer systems

Sewage systems can be external and internal. Internal system- this is a set of pipelines that ensure the removal of wastewater from all plumbing fixtures and their delivery to the common exit from the building. As a rule, most owners install internal sewerage with their own hands - and all thanks to plastic elements that are very easy to install yourself.

An external sewer system takes wastewater from a building and carries it into the complex for storage or treatment, after which the illuminated water is discharged into a pond or other place intended for this purpose.

Exist different types sewer pipes, which especially applies to external systems: products may differ in diameter, material and even cross-sectional shape.

Exist the following types sewer pipes:

• lightweight: suitable for sewers installed at shallow depths and not subject to serious physical activity. As a rule, domestic sewerage is made from such pipes;
• medium: used on not very busy roads and under small buildings;
• heavy: laid under highways and large houses.

Materials for sewer pipes

Sewer pipes are made from a variety of materials.

Today the market offers pipes made of the following materials:

• ceramics;
• cast iron;
• concrete;
• asbestos cement;
• plastic.

Plastic pipes are considered the most popular due to their advantages - they weigh little, are quite cheap and easy to install. In addition, the sizes of plastic sewer pipes can be quite varied, which is very convenient. However, they also have their drawbacks.

Each sewer pipe material requires detailed consideration. Knowledge of the characteristics of types of pipes will allow you to select the most appropriate products for a particular case: length, width, thickness, performance characteristics and indicators of pipes may vary depending on the material.

Ceramic and cast iron pipes for sewerage

1. Ceramic pipes. To make such pipes, clay with small admixtures of kaolin or fireclay is used. The products themselves are produced by firing, which gives them good mechanical strength. The pipes are coated with a special glaze on top, which provides resistance to aggressive chemicals, a certain water resistance and creates a smooth surface. Both sides of the pipe are treated with polyester resins, which make it possible to connect parts without using sealant. The disadvantages of ceramic pipes include heavy weight and high cost. In addition, transportation and installation of products will be difficult due to their fragility.
2. Cast iron pipes. Cast iron pipes are durable, high strength and resistant to temperature changes. The problem is the high weight of the products and their susceptibility to corrosion (more details: ""). Also, one cannot fail to mention the high cost of cast iron pipes. The inner walls are not smooth, so the products will become clogged quite quickly. Installation is also very problematic due to the weight and complex sealing.

Concrete and asbestos-cement pipes

1. Concrete pipes. The disadvantages of concrete pipes are obvious: heavy weight and, as a result, very inconvenient installation. More often concrete pipes installed in outdoor sewer systems Oh. If you need to increase the strength of the product, you can find a reinforced concrete type of pipe.
2. Asbestos cement pipes. The arsenal of advantages of such products includes: high chemical resistance, the ability to work at different temperatures, complete resistance to corrosion, low weight and low cost. Working surface the pipes are not very smooth, and the fragility of asbestos-cement products speaks for itself. In addition, this sewer pipe material has a very bad effect on environment, so if alternatives are available, it is better to use them.

Plastic and fiberglass pipes

1. Polyvinyl chloride pipes (PVC). The products are easy to install, transport without problems, and withstand the effects of chemicals contained in sewage drains. In addition, the surface of all types of plastic pipes is absolutely smooth, which indicates their maximum bandwidth. The disadvantage of PVC pipes is the inability to operate at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius. Sewer marking PVC pipes looks like this: pipes for internal sewerage are marked gray, and for the outside - orange.
2. Polypropylene pipes (PP). They have all the advantages described above, but can operate at high temperatures - up to 80 degrees, so they are often used to connect washing and dishwashers. Marked in grey. In addition to ordinary pipes, corrugated two-layer products are made from polypropylene, used in the construction of external sewer networks.
3. Polyethylene pipes(PVP). Made from polyethylene. Advantages: high strength, low weight, good flexibility, easy installation. In terms of their ability to work at high temperatures, they are between PP and PVC pipes. To equip external systems, two-layer and corrugated products are manufactured.
4. Glass plastic pipes. The main material for production is polyester resin, fiberglass reinforced. Positive traits fiberglass pipes: high mechanical strength, easy installation, ability to withstand temperature changes, resistance to chemicals, ease of transportation. The disadvantages of these products include very high cost and considerable weight.

When selecting pipes for the sewer system, you must immediately pay attention to thermal insulation materials: internal sewer pipes sometimes require insulation, not to mention external ones, which are always recommended to be insulated. The installation process will largely depend on experience, but if you really want to, you can install sewer pipes yourself (you can find out more in the article on installing sewer pipes).

Conclusion

From this article you could find out what sewer pipes are made of. It is impossible to give a clear answer to the question of which sewer pipes are better, since each situation requires a completely different type of material. Only one thing can be said for sure: the characteristics of products are mainly influenced by the material of sewer pipes.

6560 0 0

Types of sewer pipes and connections and connections: from toilet to chemical plant

Dear reader, what types of sewer pipes and connections do you know? The only thing that probably comes to mind in your mind is the gray PVC pipe with the O-ring; those who have lived in old houses will remember cast-iron risers with sockets sealed... judging by their appearance, with rust and dirt.

In this article I will try to introduce you to the types of sewerage and methods of its installation in more detail.

Gray cast iron

Traditional material had no alternatives in the construction of domestic sewerage just four to five decades ago. The risers, beds (horizontal sewer branches), combs (intra-apartment wiring), outlets to the well and the entire external network, with the exception of collectors, were made of cast iron.

Now cast iron sewerage has been practically replaced by the ubiquitous plastic; When overhauling buildings, it is massively changed to PVC and polypropylene.

What's wrong with cast iron?

Peculiarities

• Both the pipes and the fittings are very heavy. The fragility of the metal has to be compensated by the significant thickness of the walls. In order not to be unfounded, I will give the mass of a linear meter of pipes of the most common sizes:

Sometimes plumbers say words that are not accepted in polite society. Transportation of cast iron pipes to upper floors- in the list of leaders in the number of unflattering epithets.

• Over time, cast iron becomes brittle. The reasons are corrosion and limited resistance to aggressive wastewater. After 30 - 40 years of operation, risers and beds gradually begin to crumble. The sockets undergoing significant loads are given first;

• The price of pipes is far from budget. Let's say, a two-meter pipe with a diameter of 100 mm costs about 1,500 rubles. For comparison, a PVC product of the same size will cost 4-5 times less;
• Finally, the main thing: both installation and dismantling of cast iron sewers is a long and difficult process. About it - in a separate subsection.

Connections

The socket of a cast iron sewer is usually sealed by caulking, followed by sealing with cement mortar. The sealing material used is a heel - a material reminiscent of roughly twisted hemp rope impregnated with bitumen. Minting is done like this:

There are a few more things to know about joining cast iron pipes.

• Homemade coinage can be made by flattening a thin steel tube at one end and bending it into a Z shape;
• Instead of chasing, you can use a wide screwdriver;
• If possible, it is better to replace the heel with a more durable graphite oil seal;
• The solution for sealing the socket is prepared in the proportion of 1 part cement to 1 part sand. Pure cement can also be used;
• In order to disassemble a socket joint, you must first destroy its seal. For this purpose I usually use a strong, wide screwdriver and a hammer;
• Sometimes builders use molten sulfur to seal sockets. To disassemble such a bell, you will have to heat it with a hairdryer or blowtorch. A respirator is required for this work: the fumes are so caustic that they are quite capable of causing respiratory paralysis.

ductile iron

Peculiarities

What is ductile iron?

Ductile graphite nodular cast iron is gray cast iron modified with magnesium.

As is known, cast iron differs from steel in its high carbon content (mainly in the form of graphite plates). During the modification process, these plates turn into miniature balls, which dramatically changes physical properties material: it acquires the plasticity and toughness characteristic of steel, while maintaining high stability to corrosion.

As a result, ductile iron pipes:

• Not afraid of blows;
• Do not crack under deforming loads;
• They have a service life of 80 years or more.

The only manufacturer of ductile iron pipes in Russia is the Lipetsk plant “Svobodny Sokol”. Its pipes are supplied outer covering zinc and bitumen mastic; Inside, protection is provided by a cement-sand coating. The products are used for external sewer networks, as well as for water, heat supply and the needs of the oil industry.

Connections

All products of the Svobodny Sokol plant are socket pipes with rubber ring seals. Installation does not require caulking or any other Additional materials: just insert the pipe into the socket and you can move on to the next connection.

Don’t rush to rejoice: the instructions for assembling the connection are simple, but its implementation is not so much. The fact is that with a sewer diameter of over 250 - 300 mm, the force required for joining can reach tens or even hundreds of kilograms. Obviously, it is impossible to assemble such a bell with your own hands.

In practice, when assembling pipelines, the following are used:

• Clamps and levers that allow you to increase mechanical force many times over;
• Loading equipment. Simply put, the excavator bucket forces the pipe into the socket through a wooden spacer.

Plastics

The vast majority of sewer pipes and fittings currently produced and sold are made of plastics. The most popular are polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polyethylene.

General Features

Why are plastics so attractive?

• All of them are dielectrics. You can forget about electrochemical corrosion;
• All of the plastics listed are resistant to aggressive environments and biologically active wastewater. Solutions of acids and alkalis, household detergents and fecal water does not affect their service life;
• By the way, about it: the service life is estimated at a vague “50+ years”. In practice, I have never seen a plastic sewer pipe with signs of aging. I have a strong suspicion that plastic sewer in my house will outlive all family members;
• I have already mentioned the cost of pipes and fittings above: compared to cast iron products, it is ridiculous;

• The inner surface of the pipes remains smooth throughout the entire period of operation, does not become overgrown with deposits and does not contribute to an increase in the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline. Hence - fewer blockages;
• Most socket pipes are characterized by extremely simple installation. However, more about him a little later.

Main disadvantage plastic - acoustic characteristics: owners of a riser made from these pipes can schedule visits from all neighbors. The problem, however, is easily solved by constructing a box or any roll insulation.

Varieties

Not all plastics are equally useful in different conditions: Each of them has its own characteristics.

• HDPE sewer pipe(made of polyethylene low pressure) and LDPE (polyethylene high pressure, characterized by slightly lower mechanical strength) is elastic and has minimal heat resistance. Already at a temperature of 60C, polyethylene begins to deform. This is why polyethylene sewerage is not very popular;

All other properties of the material are worthy of all praise.
Polyethylene sewage perfectly tolerates freezing of drains: it only stretches a little and after the ice melts it returns to its previous size.
In addition, this plastic dampens noise to a great extent. better than PVC and polypropylene - both due to the greater wall thickness and due to its own elasticity.

• PP sewer pipes(polypropylene), on the contrary, can withstand long-term heating up to 80C and short-term heating up to 95. Polypropylene has greater rigidity compared to other plastics. minimum weight: his specific gravity is only 0.91 g/cm3;
• PVC is approximately in the middle in terms of its properties: moderately durable, moderately heat-resistant. The reason for its popularity is precisely that it provides an optimal balance between consumer properties and price.

In addition to the type of plastic, pipe for various purposes differ by color marking.

1. The gray pipe is for internal sewerage. Typical wall thickness is 2.7 mm;
2. Sewerage white- These are, as a rule, silent pipes. They are distinguished by increased wall thickness (3.4 mm) and a multilayer structure with a middle layer of increased density. The white pipe reduces the noise level by 30 - 50% relative to the gray one;

1. The red sewer pipe is designed for outdoor installation. It is distinguished by increased annular rigidity, which allows it to withstand soil pressure.

A separate point worth mentioning is corrugated pipes for external sewerage. For their production, polyethylene and polypropylene are used; Corrugation again provides increased ring stiffness with minimal weight. It is curious that these products have a two-layer structure: the inner shell is made smooth, without corrugation, which ensures minimal hydraulic resistance and absence.

Connections

Bell pipes with rubber seals are assembled manually, without any additional accessories and materials. The procedure is as follows:

To cut PVC or polypropylene pipes and chamfer, I use a grinder with any abrasive wheel. Burrs are removed sharp knife. If the pipe does not fit into the socket, it is enough to soap its inner surface or the end of the pipe from the outside.

Polyethylene pipes can only be cut with a hacksaw. When abrasively cutting, polyethylene melts.

Corrugated outer pipes are connected using the same rubber seals: the ring is inserted into the second (for diameters up to 200 mm inclusive) or first cavity between the corrugation ribs. To facilitate assembly and ensure tightness, it is applied to the pipe. Silicone Grease. The connection is carried out using the same methods as in the case of ductile iron pipes.

When installing pressure sewer systems, along with rubber seals, adhesive joints are used. PVC adhesive is a solution of this polymer in tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone or dimethylformamide. It is volatile and extremely toxic, so all work should be carried out with the windows open.

Pressure pipes for adhesive joints are mounted as follows:

1. Glue is applied to the inner surface of the socket;
2. The pipe is inserted into it and turned a quarter turn;
3. The connection is fixed for 2 - 3 minutes.

Asbestos cement

Peculiarities

Asbestos-cement pipes are used exclusively for the installation of external sewerage. The asbestos fiber in them acts as reinforcement, making the material less brittle. However, asbestos cement still does not withstand shocks and displacements of soil layers.

Advantages of the material:

• Resistance to domestic and moderately aggressive industrial wastewater;
• Long service life (at least 50 years);
• Cheapness. Despite the material consumption (a pipe measuring 100 mm x 3.95 m weighs 26.5 kg), the material is even cheaper than PVC: Wholesale price this same four-meter pipe costs only 280 rubles;
• Possibility of laying pipelines with minor bends (up to 3 angular degrees per connection).

The main disadvantage is fragility. In my memory, pipe fractures occurred even under the sidewalk and lawns, not to mention the traffic zone of cars with their significant loads.

Connections

Modern asbestos-cement pipes are produced both with sockets and smooth, for connection with a coupling.

Bells and couplings are equipped with rubber sealing rings. Installation is no different from assembling a ductile iron pipeline.

Several decades earlier, other methods of sealing socket joints of gravity sewers were practiced:

• A heel sealing the socket with cement or mastic;

• Cement-sand mortar with the addition of liquid glass. Sodium or potassium liquid glass made the solution waterproof and accelerated its setting to 15 - 20 minutes.

Ceramics

Ceramic sewer pipes are made from raw and fireclay clay by extrusion, drying and subsequent firing at temperatures up to 1250 degrees. Nominal diameter - from 150 to 1400 mm (diameters over 600 mm are offered by manufacturers at the request of the consumer and are not available for free sale).

Peculiarities

The material has all the properties characteristic of ceramics:

• High ring rigidity;
• Resistance to high temperatures and their differences over a significant range;
• The ability to transport aggressive wastewater, including concentrated solutions of alkalis and acids, without harm.

Prices... the word “horse” cannot be called literary, but it exhaustively characterizes the situation. Here is a fragment of the price list for Steinzeug Keramo products.

Features of the material and price policy manufacturers limit the use of ceramics to specific areas - transportation of high-temperature and aggressive wastewater. Pipes are widely used in metallurgy and the chemical industry.

Connections

Some time ago, when installing ceramic pipes, seals made of cable (“resin strand”) were used, sealed with asphalt mastic or (in case of special requirements for temperature conditions) greasy crumpled clay - soap.

Currently, ceramics are installed mainly using coupling and socket joints with an elastic seal; the technology is already familiar to us - the pipe is pressed into the socket using a lever with clamps or loading equipment.

There are two types of butt joints. F joints involve the use of rubber seals inside the sockets. Joints C are sealed with a sealant on the sleeve; it can be rubber or polyurethane.

Reinforced concrete

Peculiarities

The large mass of reinforced concrete pipes limits their use to well connections (including storm sewer) and construction of collectors. Service life is estimated at 30 - 50 years; The main problem is reinforcement corrosion. Loading equipment is used for installation.

Connections

For sealing socket joints they are used rubber seals; to protect them, the sockets are sealed cement-sand mortar.

Installation procedure for reinforced concrete sewerage large diameter is exhaustively described in one of the manuals for SNiP 3.07.03-85:

• The pipes are connected using a truck or crawler crane located as close as possible to the edge of the trench;

• Before installation, an O-ring is installed in the groove of the socket. The bell must first be cleared of debris and free from chips and other visible defects;
• The socket and sealing ring are pre-lubricated with graphite-glycerin grease or soap solution;
• After assembly, the socket is sealed with cement-sand mortar. To prevent the lock from collapsing when installing the next pipe, the sockets are sealed with a delay (3-4 pipes from the installation site).

For home, for family

There are so many types of pipes... it's easy to get confused. Which ones are better for home sewerage?

I would advise not to reinvent the wheel and take advantage of the experience of thousands of house and apartment owners:

• Orange PVC pipe is used for external installation (discharge to a well or septic tank, connection of wells, etc.);

• Gray - also made of PVC - is used for internal networks. Everything else only entails increased costs without any tangible benefit.

Conclusion

I hope that my miniature review of the materials and solutions used in sewer installation was quite informative. As always, you can learn more by watching the video in this article. Please feel free to add your comments to it.

Good luck, comrades!

July 22, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Designing a sewer system is an important part of construction modern house. It is difficult to imagine the life of people whose houses do not have sewerage. It must be airtight, durable, sufficient to meet all needs and durable.

The choice of pipes for sewerage is an important part of its design.

There are two types of materials used for these purposes: plastic and metal.

Plastic pipes

Most in demand in last years- plastic pipes, which are more popular than metal ones, because they are easier to transport and install.

Plastic pipes are divided into:

• from low-density polyethylene (HDPE);
• made of high pressure plastic (HDPE);
• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP).

These materials differ from each other in terms of strength, durability and cost. Pipes from different types plastics are designed for different purposes: some are only suitable for cold water or drainage systems.

More durable ones, which are quite comparable to metal in terms of resistance to thermal loads, are recommended for use in heating systems. Plastic pipes are most convenient for sewer installation.

Benefits include:

• Chemical inertness. All plastic pipes are resistant to any substances: acids, alkalis, salts, active forms oxygen. They don't enter into chemical reactions. Solutions washed down the drain will not cause harm.
• Smooth surface. Every unevenness or roughness in a sewer pipe is its weak point. A plaque forms here, which over time leads to blockage of the lumen. If such a situation occurs, the sewer must be cleaned. Plastic pipes are smooth, so plaque does not form on their walls and they do not become clogged.
• Corrosion resistance. Plastic, unlike metal, does not oxidize under the influence of moisture and oxygen. They are not subject to corrosion even when in damp soil due to the properties of the materials from which they are made.
• Light weight. Plastic pipes are lightweight. They are easier to transport, easier to work with and their cost is lower.

Measures for the creation or reconstruction of sewer systems place all responsibility for the moment of installation on pipes that have the best performance qualities. The selection of pipes must be carried out according to the following criteria: material of manufacture, diameter, shape and type of sewerage configuration. All useful tips on the selection, calculation and layout of pipes in in this case appropriate and justified.

We should not forget that the installation of sewerage is subject to and regulated by norms and rules, as well as mandatory sequence and phasing.

We organize sewerage

selection of pipes and fittings by type

Pipes by purpose

When organizing a sewer system yourself, it is assumed to use pipes of a certain nomenclature, special chamfers (sockets) and fittings.

Sewer pipes are divided into groups according to location and purpose:

• external sewerage with delivery of wastewater to discharge.
• For internal sewerage with the collection of wastewater and its delivery to the system.

The placement and arrangement of the external sewer pipe, while withstanding the load of transport and soil, must create resistance to dynamic influences from the outside. According to current standards and regulations, it is recommended to lay sewer pipes below the freezing depth of the soil.

A feature of external sewerage pipes is their increased chemical resistance to aggressive environments, mechanical rigidity due to the corrugated surface and accessible installation.

Sewer pipes indoor installation designed for transporting wastewater heated to a certain temperature under pressure.

Let us add that strict requirements are not imposed on the sewer pipe of an internal installation due to the insignificant load of the internal sewerage system.

Selection of pipes by material

Sewage pipes are divided into types according to the material of manufacture:

• cast iron and steel
• ceramic
• polymer plastic (PVC, PVC-np, PP).

Let us make a reservation that cast iron, steel and ceramic sewer pipes are rarely used due to their high cost. Budget option sewerage installations are polymer pipes. Where and which pipes are preferable to use?

It is known that PVC pipes are successfully used for internal gravity sewerage as central risers and connections. Pipes made of PVC-np are used in any type of pressure and non-pressure sewerage.

PP pipes, which are highly flexible and amorphous, are used exclusively in internal sewerage.

Useful tips

Let us tell you that external sewerage pipes are divided into strength classes: light, medium and heavy, marked SN2, SN4 and SN8, respectively. For example, pipes SN2-SN4 are intended for areas with low vehicle traffic.

Detailed information for each class can be borrowed from the sewer pipe catalog. For local external sewerage, corrugated pipes ø 250-280 mm, laid to a depth of 10-15 m, are in demand.

External pipes are painted orange or gray.

Fitting

Installation of sewer pipes involves the use of devices for connecting pipes to each other (fittings).

In accordance with the installation method, sewer fittings can be: threaded, flanged and self-locking.

Let us add that PVC pipes and fittings are connected using O-rings.

diagrams and calculations

The simplest external sewerage diagram is an executive axonometric diagram from design specialists. Enlarged, such a sewerage scheme consists of external and internal networks, including a common riser, a pipeline with sewerage elements and external pipeline to the collection tank.

The internal sewer network is represented by a plastic pipeline, the external network is a similar pipeline made of PVC pipes of a different diameter, a collector and a septic tank.

It will be necessary to calculate the diameter of the pipes of both networks.

Useful tips

Calculation of the diameter of external sewer pipes

Components outdoor installation sewer pipes are based on calculated data: the diameter of the pipes entering and forming the waste system. According to the norms and rules, this parameter is calculated based on the average daily discharge volumes, according to which the consumption limit is intended for pipes ø 150 and 200 mm. In addition to the estimated diameter of the underground pipes, it is recommended to take into account the slope for placing pipes in the trench at the rate of 2.5 cm per 1 linear meter. pipeline.

Calculation of the diameter of internal sewerage pipes

According to experts, pipes of ø 50 mm (sink, sink and bathtub connections) and 100 mm for sewer and drain risers, as well as toilet connections, are recommended for laying internal sewerage. The internal sewage system is installed with a slope of 3°.

Installation of sewer pipes

Technology of installation of sewer pipes for external installation and installation internal network is identical: sections of the required size are assembled into a main or riser by simply screwing in according to the “pipe” - “tee” - “bend” - “plug” principle.

The tightness of the connection is ensured by a special chamfer and a sealing rubber coupling.

But the complexity of installation is manifested in the place where the sewer riser is discharged and interfaced with the “underground”.

For installation of risers and trunk lines internal sewerage will be involved:

• bends with connecting pipes
• inspection hatches and fastening units
• interfloor compensators
• pipes.

The stages of installation are: preparation and gluing of pipes, their subsequent fastening according to markings, crimping.

preparation and gluing

Installation of sewerage pipes begins with adjusting the connecting parts in accordance with the diagram. Let us remind you that sewerage assembly begins from top to bottom - from the septic tank to the house and plumbing fixtures. The next step is the marking of pipes from the socket and fitting to the next element. The surface to be bonded is cleaned of burrs. Then, to ensure sealing of the joints, the elements are glued together. Let us tell you that the pipe should fit 2/3 freely into the socket.

fastening

The sewer pipes are fastened to stops located under the base of the socket. On horizontal sections Maintain a distance between stops of up to 40 cm on highways, and up to 1 m on vertical ones. Gaskets are placed at the junctions of pipes and thrust clamps, and the fasteners are tightened.

The final stage of installation of external and internal sewerage is crimping, the purpose of which is to check the tightness of the system.

Useful tips for laying external sewerage are shown in the video.

Sewerage is the most important set of communications that ensures the collection and disposal of household and other wastewater. Right choice type of sewer pipes ensures long-term and trouble-free operation of the system. The article provides an overview of types of pipes, their characteristics, installation methods and connections.

Cast iron sewer pipes

Cast iron pipes were used en masse in construction during the Soviet era. They are still used today, but are increasingly being replaced from the construction industry by other types of pipes. This is due to the following reasons:

1. Large weight of products;
2. Impact brittleness of cast iron;
3. Complicated sealing of joints;
4. Roughness of the internal surface.

Cast iron pipes are heavy. One linear meter pipes with a diameter of 100 mm weigh almost 21 kg. This weight is due to the thickness of the walls of the product.

Increased wall thickness is necessary to give strength to the pipe. Gray cast iron is brittle and has very low impact strength.

Installation of cast iron pipes is complicated by their heavy weight and fragility; several people are required to carry out the work. The pipes are connected using sockets. A heel (twisted fabric) is caulked into the joint and filled with sand-cement mortar.

Previously, filling was often done with fused sulfur, but precautions had to be taken - sulfur vapors are poisonous.

Disassembling a cast iron system also has its difficulties. First you need to clean the seal, then remove the pipe from the socket. During these operations, the sockets often burst.

The increased roughness of the inner surface makes cast iron sewers prone to overgrowing and blockages.

But along with all these shortcomings cast iron pipes have significant advantages:

1. Low susceptibility to corrosion;
2. Long service life;
3. Thermal resistance;
4. Neutrality to aggressive environments;
5. High degree of noise absorption;
6. Versatility of application (external and internal networks).

Nowadays, cast iron pipes made of modified cast iron (ductile iron) are produced. The structure is changed with the help of magnesium. This increases impact strength, the degree of noise absorption, and reduces overall roughness. For external protection, galvanizing and varnishing are used, the connection is made into sockets with a rubber ring seal. The main disadvantage of this type of pipe is high price, it exceeds the cost of polymer analogues by 4–5 times.

Ceramic pipes for sewerage

Ceramic pipes are produced by firing clay blanks, then the product is varnished. Pipes made of this material can withstand very high temperatures, neutral to concentrated acids and alkalis. The diameter of the products varies from 150 to 1500 mm, the influence of corrosion is completely absent. Ceramic pipes have a smooth inner surface and are not prone to deposits.

Most often, ceramic pipelines are used for external networks, in industries with high-temperature and aggressive wastewater. The elements are connected through sockets or couplings with rubber seals. Previously used classical methods embossing with a heel and sealing with cement mortar, mastic, liquid glass.

Ceramic pipes have the following disadvantages:

1. Large mass;
2. Fragility;
3. Very high cost.

Because of large mass When installing pipes, it is necessary to involve construction equipment and compliance with precautions due to the fragility and massiveness of the products.

Asbestos cement sewer pipes

Pipes made from a mixture of asbestos and cement are used for the construction of external sewer networks. The asbestos component performs the function of reinforcement, but the fragility is still too high.

Pipes made of this material last up to 50 years and can easily withstand average temperatures and solutions of aggressive substances. The main advantage of asbestos pipelines is their low cost (often lower than the price of polymer products).

Connecting and sealing joints is done in 2 ways:

1. Bells or couplings with rubber sealing rings;
2. Embossing sockets with a heel, sealing the joint with cement, liquid glass.

Reinforced concrete sewer pipes

Reinforced concrete pipes are used for the construction of external sewer networks, wells, and large-diameter collectors. For construction work The use of construction equipment is mandatory. This is caused by the large weight of the individual elements.

Reinforced concrete pipes have the following advantages:

1. High strength;
2. Neutrality to the effects of aggressive environments;
3. Thermal resistance;
4. Long service life - up to 40 years.

The pipes are assembled using sockets with rubber seals and sealed with sand-cement mortar. In this case, special equipment or a system of clamps with levers are used to connect the pipes.

The main disadvantage of this type of pipe is the corrosion of the steel reinforcing frame.

Polymer (plastic) sewer pipes

The absolute leader in the construction of sewerage complexes and networks is polymer plastic pipes. They are made from the following materials:

1. Polypropylene;
2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
3. Polyethylene;
4. Fiberglass.

Products made from polymers have a number of common advantages:

1. Low cost;
2. Smooth internal surface that prevents the formation of deposits and blockages;
3. Light weight;
4. Easy to assemble and install;
5. Neutrality to solutions of aggressive substances.

According to their purpose, plastic sewer pipes are divided into 2 types - for internal and external networks.

For internal wiring sewers are the most popular gray pipes made of polypropylene.

They have the highest temperature characteristics among polymers:

1. Operating temperature – up to 80 0 C;
2. Temperatures of 95 0 C are maintained for a short time.

The service life of this type of pipe is 50 years. There is no doubt that with proper operation this period will be much more important. Polypropylene pipes with Orange color, characterized by greater wall thickness and increased strength, used for construction external network sewerage.

For the same area of ​​construction, corrugated polypropylene pipes having high ring rigidity.

We also produce PP pipes for silent sewerage (white). They do not require noise insulation measures, which are practically mandatory for all polymer drainage pipelines.

The second place in popularity is occupied by pipes made of high and low pressure polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE). They can withstand working environment temperatures up to 60 0 C.

For external communications, two-layer corrugated polyethylene pipes are produced, which have high strength.

Pipelines and fittings made of polyvinyl chloride have an operating temperature limit of 40 0 ​​C. This limitation significantly reduces the frequency of use of this material.

All plastic pipes are connected using sockets with rubber rings; installation does not require significant effort or skill. To facilitate docking, use gel silicone lubricant or just water.

In addition, PVC pipes are joined using glue. The joint surfaces are pre-treated special composition. The pipe is inserted into the socket and turned a quarter turn to evenly distribute the adhesive composition. This joining method is used in pressure sewer systems.

Large diameter polyethylene pipes (more than 100 mm) can be connected by welding using special equipment.

Fiberglass pipes are distinguished by high quality indicators, but have a significant cost and are not yet particularly popular with consumers.

Return