Ring drainage how to prepare walls. Ring and wall foundation drainage

The construction of any facility begins with geological surveys. They allow you to understand the structure and characteristics of the soil directly in the desired local area. This will also help to secure any construction from the negative and destructive effects of groundwater. After all, knowing where they lie, it is easier to build an effective drainage system.

Drainage is an engineering structure that allows you to protect the foundation and load-bearing enclosing structures from destruction due to partial or complete flooding. There are four main types of drainage systems:

1. Reservoir drainage.
2. Wall drainage.
3. Local (local) drainage.
4. Ring drainage of the building foundation.

Reservoir drainage – allows you to protect the foundation in places with the most difficult hydrogeological conditions:

• The water layer is so vast and powerful that other systems are unable to protect the structure;
• The aquifer has not a homogeneous, but a layered structure;
• Pressurized groundwater;
• Water lens under the foundation of the house.

Wall drainage - suitable for removing water from clay and loamy soils around the foundation of a building. Main features:

• It can be built only at the initial stage of work, immediately after the completion of the foundation;
• Located at a distance of no more than 1 m from the outer wall of the foundation;
• The depth of laying drainage pipes is 150 - 200 mm below the base of the base;
• Can be used in combination with annular system drainage, if there are different soils within the boundaries of one area.

Local drainage - designed for point collection of water from the roofs of buildings, paths, sidewalks. Main features:

• Water is collected in plastic containers, from where it is removed through storm drains;
• It is located near the surface of the earth, without deep penetration;
• Serves to protect low-rise buildings and cottages. It is practically not used in drainage from industrial buildings.

Ring drainage - is installed to prevent the negative impact of groundwater on one or a group of buildings located on a sandy base. To be built when buried basements are flooded, when other types of drainage cannot cope.

This type of drainage is used to protect several buildings if they are located on sandy soil. When soil water passes from one side of the building, the construction of an open-type ring drainage is allowed.

The depth of laying pipes depends on the technical calculation. It should not be located above the base of the building. The optimal distance from the outside of the foundation to the drainage pipe is 5 - 15 m.

For ring drainage devices, three types of pipes are used:

• Pipes made of asbestos cement;
• Perforated ceramic pipes;
• Plastic pipes.

Asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes are currently practically not used, as they have a number of significant disadvantages:

• Due to its heavy weight, special equipment is required for loading, unloading and installation work;
• Low pipe laying speed. It is associated with installation difficulties. Not suitable for DIY installation; assistance from third-party installation organizations is required;
• Low performance properties. For ring drainage, holes must be made in the pipes. They often become clogged, the system becomes unusable, and constant cleaning is required;
• After 20–30 years of operation, drainages made from asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes require a complete replacement of all elements;
• High cost of materials and work.

Against the background of these obvious shortcomings of asbestos-cement and ceramic pipes, plastic systems for ring drainage look advantageous.

Advantages of plastic pipes

• Service life 50 – 60 years;
• Withstand heavy loads. Suitable for deep installation in ring drainage;
• Not subject to corrosion and rotting processes. Can be installed in the most aggressive environments;
• Little weight. This reduces transportation and installation costs. It is possible to install it yourself without involving third-party specialists and equipment;
• Due to the smooth internal surface, there is practically no silt build-up on them;
• Low price with good quality material;
• It is easy to maintain since they rarely become clogged;
• Wide range of pipes and connecting fittings.

Types of plastic pipes for ring drainage system

At home, the most popular ones are plastic PVC pipes. Depending on their structure and operational characteristics, they are divided:

• Having one or two layers. Double-layer pipes are distinguished by their particular compressive strength and are designed for laying at great depths during construction drainage ring systems;
• Flexible or rigid. Rigid pipes are 6 or 12 meter plastic elements. Flexible drainage hoses are produced in coils of 40 - 50 meters;
• Pipes, whether or not equipped with an external filter layer. Preference should be given to pipes wrapped in geotextile.

Polypropylene drainage pipes are also available on the market. Their minimum diameter is 50 mm. Both perforated and smooth versions are available.

Polyethylene pipes for ring drainage. Perforated and smooth, corrugated, with and without a filter layer, pipes are produced.

DIY construction of a ring drainage system around the house

Work on the installation of ring drainage begins with high-quality and thorough waterproofing of the foundation surface. It consists of several stages:

• Primer of the entire surface area of ​​the foundation with a bituminous composition;
• Pasting the foundation with rolled waterproofing material;
• Plastering the surface over the stack;
• Repeated pasting with roll waterproofing.

After thoroughly waterproofing the base of the house, you need to begin installing a ring drainage system.

Device stages

1. A trench is dug around the entire perimeter at a distance of 5 - 15 m from the building. Its width is 500 – 600 mm. The depth is 400 - 450 mm below the base of the foundation.
2. Using a laser level or level, the required slope is made. This is 15 - 20 mm per 2 - 3 meters of drainage pipe. If you do not maintain the required slope, the water in the system will stagnate, the pipes will become clogged and silted. For a more accurate slope, you can use sand backfill.
3. The bottom of the trench is covered with geotextile to prevent waterlogging of the drainage system.
4. A layer of gravel or crushed stone 150 - 200 mm thick is poured onto the geotextile. A groove is dug in it for laying drains.
5. Drainage pipes are being installed. It is better to use PVC pipes with geofabric wrapping. Then the system will not become clogged with gravel and sand. The pipes are connected to each other with PVC fittings. For easier installation, the ends of the connected elements are treated with a piece of laundry soap.

At the junctions of the pipes, vertical inspection wells are installed using special connecting tees. Wells must rise above the surface of the earth. They are covered with bars on top. Such inspection wells make it easy to operate the drainage system in the future, quickly getting rid of blockages.

1. The pipe is covered with a layer of gravel 200–250 mm thick on top. If pipes without a filter layer were used, they are wrapped with geofabric before filling with gravel.
2. The remaining part of the trench is covered with earth or sand.

All water drained from the building will be collected in a drainage well. First of all, a hole of the required size is dug. Then reinforced concrete rings are installed. As an option, you can fill the walls of the pit with concrete reinforced with metal mesh. The joints between reinforced concrete rings are coated with cement-sand mortar.

The sewer pipe into which water from the drainage is collected is insulated. Any insulation with a thickness of 250 mm is suitable for this. The top of the well is closed with a wooden or metal lid.

The ring drainage system makes it possible to efficiently and reliably protect both the house and the entire area from the destructive effects of groundwater. Construction will not require the use of specialized equipment or hired workers. All work can be done with your own hands. The main thing is to carefully study the instructions and approach the issue wisely.

The foundation is the basis of any structure. The integrity of the entire house will depend on the condition of the foundation. In addition to the fact that the foundation must be strong, with high load-bearing capacities, it also must be protected from negative atmospheric influences. To do this, thermal insulation and waterproofing are carried out. Increasing the insulation serves to create more warmth and comfort in the home. And waterproofing is designed to protect against moisture. But in most cases, a waterproofing system alone is not enough. Waterproofing copes well with surface water, but cannot control the aggressive behavior of groundwater. To deal with this, install ring foundation drainage. Using this method, depending on the type of soil, water will not gain access to the structure or will enter, but minimally and without harm, due to lowering the groundwater level.

If you ignore this action, the degree of humidity in the basement and outer walls of the foundation will increase. An increase in moisture will lead to the formation of mold, fungi and microbes, which will lead to rapid destruction of the foundation and harm to health. If the foundation collapses before the rest of the house, the building will become uninhabitable.

The basement is an integral part of most homes. The drainage system will allow you to use the basement for various purposes, as it protects it from leaks and mold.

Experts recommend designing a house immediately with a drainage system diagram. But it also provides for the installation of drainage during the operation of the structure. A ring system is perfect for this - a pipeline around the house to drain groundwater and precipitation. Storm drains are provided for rain and snow. Foundation ring drainage prolongs the life of the structure by preventing destruction of the base from corrosion and leaks of the basement.

Before starting drainage, build a foundation by drawing up a detailed design of the building and a pipe laying diagram. This must be agreed upon with the customer. This is where the client’s participation ends; all remaining responsibility falls on the shoulders of the company. The construction organization draws up a clear action plan that creates unity of work and speeds up the process. Deviation from the order can lead to consequences that will be very expensive to correct. Each stage is controlled by building codes and standards.

Next, the team digs a trench, which is compacted with sand. This is done to allow water to flow by gravity through the pipes into the well. Then, geotextile fabric is compacted to prevent siltation. A layer of crushed stone is laid and pipes are laid below the base base. And in the corners of the house, containers for draining water - wells - are installed. Such ring foundation drainage ensures reliability, durability and practicality of the design.

Build a foundation works with both special pipes and ordinary plastic sewer pipes. Typically, special pipes are already wrapped in filtration fabrics. Using them will significantly speed up the process.

To maintain external aesthetics, the company offers hidden drainage. The pipes are installed underground. You can plant flowers or lawn grass in place of the system.

Sprinkles

Sprinkles of different layers perform the function of filtration, compaction and strengthening.

1. Single layer.
   Gravel or crushed stone layer. Fall asleep in sandy soil.
2. Two-layer.
   Crushed stone and sand are used on medium and fine sand.

Also sprinkles for ring foundation drainage differ in shapes and cross-sectional outlines:

• rectangular;
• trapezoidal.

The drainage service is performed by experienced craftsmen, who will not have to redo it, spending extra money and effort. Professionals will be able to give practical advice, while leaving the right of choice to the client. The company works directly with manufacturers. These factors allow us to guarantee the quality of work, which is confirmed by relevant certificates. The company strictly ensures that all work is completed on time. Building regulations are also followed.

We work in all districts of Moscow and Moscow Region:

Aprelevka, Balashikha, Bronnitsy, Vereya, Vidnoye, Vlasikha, Volokolamsk, Voskresensk, Vysokovsk, Golitsyno, Dedovsk, Dzerzhinsky, Dmitrov, Dolgoprudny, Domodedovo, Drezna, Dubna, Yegoryevsk, Zheleznodorozhny, Zhukovsky, Zaraysk, Zvenigorod, Ivanteevka, Iksha, Istra, Kashira, Klimovsk, Klin, Kolomna, Korolev, Kotelniki, Kraskovo, Krasnoarmeysk, Krasnogorsk, Krasnozavodsk, Krasnoznamensk, Kubinka, Kurovskoye, Likino-Dulyovo, Lobnya, Lukhovitsy, Lytkarino, Lyubertsy, Malakhovka, Mozhaisk, Monino, Moskovsky, Mytishchi, Nar- Fominsk, Nakhabino, Noginsk, Odintsovo, Necklace, Lakes, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Pavlovsky Posad, Peresvet, Podolsk, Protvino, Pushkino, Pushchino, Ramenskoye, Reutov, Roshal, Ruza, Sergiev Posad, Serpukhov, Solnechnogorsk, Staraya Kupavna, Stupino, Skhodnya , Taldom, Tomilino, Troitsk, Fryazino, Khimki, Khotkovo, Chernogolovka, Chekhov, Shatura, Shchelkovo, Shcherbinka, Elektrogorsk, Elektrostal, Elektrougli, Yubileiny, Yakhroma, Losino-Petrovsky, full list of cities.

For each individual case, an individual drainage project is developed and drainage work is carried out according to it. Contact the manager LENOTR-PARK by phone +7 499-397-82-02

Objectives and features of ring drainage

Ring drainage is used to protect strip foundations from the effects of soil heaving and the destructive effect of moisture on concrete structures.

Its main feature is that it is located at some distance from the building. The efficiency of drainage and the radius of its action depend on the distance between the structure and the longitudinal axis of the drains. This distance is a calculated value. When laying drains at a distance less than the calculated one, there is a danger of soil being washed out from under the foundation, and when greater, the efficiency of the drainage decreases.

The depth of drains is also a design parameter, but within the range of 30-50 cm below the base of the foundation. The greater the distance from the wall to the drainage ditch, the deeper the pipeline is laid within the specified framework.

It should be understood that the ideal option is when the drainage system passes below the freezing level of the soil. In this case, it will perform its functions all the time, both in winter and in summer. But you cannot lay the drainage system above the base of the foundation.

Ring drainage is convenient because it does not impose any restrictions on the laying trajectory. Those. you can easily bypass all sorts of obstacles in the form of an attached veranda on stilts, a concrete ring, steps, etc. The second important factor - the ring drainage of the foundation solves the issue of draining the soil on the territory of the site included in its zone of influence. And this is approximately 5-10 m, depending on the depth. And the third advantage of ring drainage is that it collects water from the blind area, which eliminates the need to lay drainage trays along it.

The procedure for arranging ring drainage

• Trenches are dug along the perimeter of the house at a certain distance from the foundation (0.8-1.0 m) and at a depth determined by the depth of the foundation. If a decision is made to lay drains below the soil freezing level, it is necessary to adjust the distance from the house (calculated value)
• Collector and inspection wells are installed in places where the direction of pipes changes
• A 5-centimeter layer of sand is poured onto the bottom of the trench, leveled and compacted taking into account the slope (2-5 mm per linear meter)
• Geotextiles are laid
• A crushed stone layer 20 cm high is formed (coarse crushed stone), leveled, and the slope is checked
• Drains with a given slope are laid on crushed stone to ensure gravity flow of water
• The pipes are covered with a layer of crushed stone so that the total height of the crushed stone layer is 40 cm
• The layer is overlapped with geotextile
• The trench is filled with washed river sand and compacted
• The trench is covered with soil.

Ring drainage is mainly created to protect buildings that do not have basements. But sometimes, if the basement of the building does not require finishing and dampness in it is not a critical phenomenon, such drainage is also done for buildings with underground floors.

With proper drainage and using high-quality materials, the ring drainage system should last 15-20 years before the first flush. The cost of ring drainage depends on the depth and length of the trenches, the prices of component materials, the cost of earthworks and many other factors. In each individual case, the issue of price is decided individually.

To select the type of groundwater flood protection system to be built on a site, there is a drainage classification that gives the developer a complete picture of one or another of its types.

This article will discuss drainages of various types and their features of their design.

Types of drainage systems

The most commonly used types of drainage systems include:

• Ring drainage.
• Wall drainage.
• Reservoir drainage.

Let's talk about each of them in more detail.

Ring drainage

Ring drainage is used to protect the basements of buildings laid on sandy soil. In this case, it is possible to install deep drainage for a group of adjacent buildings. When protecting particularly deep basements, when the general drainage system of the area does not sufficiently lower the groundwater level, this type of drainage is also used.

It is permissible to organize an open drainage ring in the case when groundwater approaches the building from one side.

Pro tip: It is recommended to lay the ring drainage at a distance of 5 to 8 m from the walls. If the location is closer, it will be necessary to take additional measures to prevent soil settlement under the foundation of the house.

Wall drainage

Clay and loamy soils at the construction site require the use of a wall drainage system. Its features are as follows:

• Surface drainage is installed along the perimeter of the building at a distance from the wall determined by the width of the foundation and the location of the inspection wells.
• If a house under construction is located on combined sites (with different types of soil), ring and wall drainage are used simultaneously.

Pro tip: The use of modern polymer materials as a filter material will reduce the amount of sand and thereby reduce the costs of constructing a drainage system.

Reservoir drainage

In particularly difficult hydrogeological conditions, it is necessary to install reservoir drainage. This type of drainage is used:

• in the presence of a large powerful aquifer;
• when the groundwater level is insufficiently reduced by other types of drainage;
• with a layered structure of the aquifer;
• in the presence of underground pressure waters;
• if there is a lens directly under the building.

Basements and structures that require absolute dryness and absolutely do not allow the appearance of moisture during their operation are also a reason to use reservoir drainage. For such specific structures, it is practiced to install “preventive” reservoir drainage even in clayey soils and loam.

Local drainage

There are also different types of local drainage for various types of small building and other elements:

1. Drainage of collectors and underground channels. Underground collectors and heating network channels laid in aquiferous soil require protection from groundwater. Accompanying soil drainage in clayey soils is arranged along the axis of the channel at a depth of 0.3 to 0.7 m under the base of its base. In this case, inspection wells are embedded in the bottom of the canal. The reservoir drainage is connected to the filter layer of the tubular drainage.
2. Pit drainage. Depending on the specific conditions of the area, certain methods of drainage of pits are selected:

• possible deepening of the lower section of the drainage system if the pits are located close to it;
• a general decrease in the laying level of the drainage system during construction on sandy soil;
• additional local drainages;
• dividing drainage into parts.

In this case, special attention should be paid to measures that prevent the removal of soil from under the house foundation.

1. Drainage of filled-in ravines, streams, rivers. When backfilling small rivers and streams that provide natural drainage of water, a device should be provided for receiving and draining not only surface water, but also groundwater. A large flow of underground water requires the installation of two drains in clayey soil parallel to the walls of the collector. In sandy soil, it is possible to install one drain on the side with a large influx of water.
2. The drainage is wall and slope. Wall drainage involves the installation of continuous backfill along retaining walls in places where groundwater emerges. With a short length it can be carried out without the use of pipes. If the aquifer is not clearly defined, a special slope drainage is installed.
3. Drainage of basements of existing buildings. To protect the basements of already constructed buildings from flooding, drainage is selected that is suitable for each specific case. Sandy soil requires the use of ring drainage, while clay and loams require wall drainage. If it is possible to install a second, higher floor in the basement of a house, reservoir drainage is installed between the new and old floor in the form of backfilling filter material - gravel, crushed stone, coarse sand.

Pro tip: It is necessary to observe measures against settlement and soil removal when constructing drainage for an already constructed building. The trench should be dug in small sections and immediately backfilled after drainage is installed.

So, we figured out what types of drainage are used in certain situations, and also looked at the features of the arrangement of each type of drainage. Let’s hope that our recommendations and your competent implementation of them will allow you to achieve the required level of dryness in your garden plot and other areas.

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