Cantilever staircase: design features and advantages. DIY cantilever staircase Corrosion of all or part of steel structures

Cantilever staircase- This is one of the most widespread types of structures that are popular and new in all markets of the country.

The cantilever version is the most effective, well-thought-out engineering design, which creates a state of weightlessness for the steps. They are located vertically to the wall, where one end of the step lies arbitrarily, and the second crashes into the wall.

The basis of the structure is load-bearing without stringers or bowstrings. In such models there is no support, which does not clutter up the area of ​​the rooms and creates a beautiful interior. These unusual systems often attract attention and have a wide field for the designer’s imagination when it comes to decoration and lighting. For designing houses with a small area, cantilever-type stairs are suitable in the best possible way: This will solve the problem of saving space and allowing sunlight to enter the room.

Consoles in design works

The cantilever design makes an indelible impression; it looks light and frozen in space.

It is considered indispensable for design work and easily fits into any interior or exterior.

What is and how the house is covered with corrugated sheets is described.

When compared with other types, console systems are the simplest for installation and de installation work, in terms of design. If it is necessary to replace the steps of a staircase, you can dismantle the damaged steps without removing the entire structure.

He will tell you how to install beacons under plaster.

Nowadays it is becoming popular to decorate country houses, offices with high-tech stairs. This option takes the form of powder-coated metal plates or consists of polished stainless steel.

The steps of HI-Tech style structures are made from valuable wood species such as oak, ash and beech, or can be replaced with porcelain stoneware material.

A staircase in this style can also be made of metal and concrete in combination with glass, plastic, or various artificial material. These are models open type, they are simple and have a decorative, somewhat sloppy appearance, since all the fasteners are on the surface, which gives the design a modern style.

Before installing the staircase structure, it is necessary to study the installed structure.

Disadvantages and advantages of consoles

This system is well suited for installation in offices, country cottages, one-room apartments, when creating two-level interiors. The advantage is that it fits compactly into a room of any size, and also, if the staircase is installed in a residential building, you can safely walk along it barefoot, since the steps do not touch the floor and will not be cold.

It should be noted that the installation of such a structure requires a solid wall made of concrete or brick. If there are doubts about the load-bearing structures of the walls, you should refuse to install consoles.

The disadvantage of cantilever staircases is their high cost: this is preceded by transportation from abroad, taxes and insurance policies. Disadvantages also include the lack of professional installers of consoles, since these models are considered a novelty in the markets, know-how that interior designers, but not builders, know about.

Read about the technology of facade insulation with foam plastic.

When installing, it is necessary to carefully calculate the area and perform the installation work exactly. If you properly study all the installation basics, you can install such a system without fear for your safety.

There are several types of unusual cantilever structures:

• Screw options Suitable for homes or office buildings with a small area. The screw console is a reliable, safe, screw-shaped design. This model has a stunning look and takes smallest area indoors, as the steps stretch upward in a curved direction. For greater convenience and safety, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.
• Glass– an almost weightless structure due to its transparency, made of durable glass coating. May also be considered beautiful element decorations and used in two-story country houses, and it is attached inside stone wall and at the same time quite durable.
• Marching– simple to implement, it can be placed either directly along the wall or turned at an angle, depending on the height of the room. If the room is low, you can use one strip; if the building is high, the staircase is connected to each other and installed at the required height and level, it is attached at one end to the wall, and the other is attached to the floor.
• Khrebtovaya- This is an option consisting of several elements interconnected. The spinal model is lined up along the wall and completely repeats all the wall bends. Since steps of this type are winding and easily fit into any room, thanks to rotating structures You can create different geometries.
• Pantry– a practical model made of wood, designed for installation in two-story houses With small area, a ladder with drawers for storing shoes and other things, which is unusual and convenient, and most importantly - you can achieve original way storing little-used items.
• Curved– this design is steep, curved, laid out with plates perpendicular to each other, not very convenient to use and not safe.

You may also be interested in the features.

For external use

If the room has two entrances, then external stairs with connecting elements are installed. You can build in an external staircase during construction or add it later. Stairs for outdoor use quickly lose their quality and become deformed under the influence of weather factors.

External systems are divided into several types:

• entrance;
• located between floors;
• terraced

Installation and maintenance

For console installation operations, two methods must be used: The first method is to strengthen the steps when creating a wall, and the second method is used to install a load-bearing base in the form of columns. After installing the steps, cables are added to them, which are attached to the ceiling. With this installation, the appearance of a separate element of the staircase is created, one side of which is mounted on the wall, and the other is supported by suspended cables attached to the ceiling.

For complete safety, it is recommended to install some tension elements to cover cracks and gaps. Railings for consoles are purchased separately and mounted in the wall. During all installation work, the evenness and accuracy of placement of all necessary elements, this can be done using a water level or tensioning a nylon thread, as well as using the most accurate level meter - a laser.

Console installation techniques are not always used suspended structures, and therefore there are independent elements that can support the weight without main fasteners. Their care is individual, depending on the selected material from which the cantilever staircase is made.

You will find all the information about calculating the weight of corrugated sheets.

A high-tech staircase is usually made of the following materials: glass, wood, steel, concrete, reinforced with a metal frame, block, laminated panels. But it is installed with your own hands only if the wall is being built from scratch, when the builder plans in advance future design consoles instead of a regular staircase. This knowledge gives the installer the opportunity to conscientiously complete the construction of a reinforced wall.

You can look at the photos for cantilever stairs and choose the option you want.

The structure is mounted during the construction of a wall, when the free edge can extend into the room by 800 mm, and by at least 200 mm the step must be firmly embedded in the wall. To improve fastening, you can create a bowstring - tension on cables or iron strands of steps to the ceiling. A very profitable option for small country houses, attics, children's rooms, attics - this is a spiral staircase on one thick rod, which is protected on the sides by simplified railings.

If the wall is not rigid enough or you want to install the stairs in an old house, then you should definitely use a welded one metal carcass or pipe, on the basis of which they will be attached beautiful tree, glass or other step options. The frame crashes into the wall, serves as a support, and the finishing (plastic, tempered glass or wood) just rests on it. Drywall or other finishing wall material will help hide the imperfections of the wall.

All types of materials from which the console can be made must be well cleaned from dirt and dust. Wooden steps can be coated with a layer of varnish from time to time, followed by sanding with wool or felt cloth, and the wood can also be polished to extend the life of the product and to add shine and gloss to the steps.

Video

This video shows the simplest cantilever staircase.

1. When choosing a cantilever staircase, you need to weigh the pros and cons of this technology and select this type of staircase exclusively for your home or office conditions.
2. During installation suspended base, you need to choose a certain level of tension that will hold the ladder in one direction.
3. If the tension is too strong, the main fastening system should be loosened.
4. When purchasing a finished staircase, you should check for any deformation of the steps, and also pay attention to the fastening structure, as some kits may not have it.

Cantilever staircases are probably the most spectacular of all. They float in the air and look attractive in any interior style. In fact, cantilever staircases are quite complex design, because they must be reliable.

An ordinary staircase, which stands on stringers, looks solid and solid, but takes up a lot of space, blocks the flow of light, looks too massive, limiting the field of view. For modern interiors, this is not a suitable option, you will agree, because you want to make all structures light, simple, and as compact as possible. In such cases, cantilever stairs come to the rescue; they simply do not have stringers - the steps are attached directly to the wall.

You can attach the steps of a cantilever staircase to the wall in various ways:

1. Direct installation into the wall. On average, the steps cut into the walls by 20-40 centimeters, depending on the strength of the supporting wall itself.
2. For special brackets, metal plates, bolts, channels, anchor bolts, decorative supports.
3. Frame. If the wall itself has minimal load-bearing capacity, a metal frame is required, which is located close to it in order to be as inconspicuous as possible. A frame made of a profile or channel is fixed to the ceilings, and the cantilever steps are already attached to it.

Ceiling rods are often used as additional fastening in cantilever stairs. They also serve as a fence and make the stairs safer. The handrail usually goes along the wall itself, to which the steps are attached. In radical cases, when there are no small children or elderly people in the house, and for the owners design comes first, they do without handrails, railings and ceiling strands at all, leaving only steps that seem to be literally recessed into the wall.

Regarding the material for the steps of the cantilever staircase, everything here is limited by the imagination of the owners. The most common option is a metal frame attached to the wall and topped with wood or MDF. You can also find cast concrete cantilever steps. In the case of the construction of such a staircase, glass will look very impressive, which will make the structure even less noticeable and weightless.

The advantages of cantilever stairs include:

1. Visually much more lightweight design, which does not block air and luminous fluxes in room.
2. Spectacular appearance, which helps the staircase become the highlight of the interior.
3. The consumption of materials for the main structural elements is significantly less.
4. You can save useful space.

However, cantilever stairs also have their disadvantages:

1. If it is decided to abandon the fences, climb to top floor turns out to be less safe than using a traditional ladder.
2. A cantilever staircase may not end up being very comfortable.
3. The design is complex, as is the installation itself, which leads to high cost works Yes, you can try to make a cantilever staircase yourself, but you should very carefully calculate the load and usually homeowners turn to specialists.
4. A strong load-bearing wall or reliable fastenings are required.

It is clear that the cantilever staircase, like the others, should be planned at the stage of drawing up the house project. You need to choose which wall the structure will be attached to, and partitions made of materials that are not too strong are not suitable at all; additional reinforcement will be required. If the steps are concrete, reinforcement is necessary, which will make the entire structure heavier.

It is important not to use any elements at the free end of the cantilever steps, as they will increase the load on the entire structure. In general, the main mistakes when building a cantilever staircase are the wrong choice of fasteners, the use of unreliable elements and incorrect load distribution. All this can make the design simply dangerous to use.

Finding ready-made cantilever stairs is difficult. Typically, such designs are created to order, taking into account the characteristics of the room and the wishes of the owners. The components may be factory-made, and the model may be from a catalog, but the design will still require modifications for a specific room. Most often, cantilever stairs are one-piece, individual products.

Note that spiral staircases are also often built according to the cantilever principle, when all the steps are attached to one support, and the other end remains free, floating. The pillar, the base of the spiral staircase, in this case requires a more massive and reliable one.

Ecology of consumption. Estate: There are no more spectacular staircases than cantilever ones. Their main difference from all other types of stairs is their special appeal in any interior style.

There are no staircases more spectacular than cantilever ones. Their main difference from all other types of stairs is their special appeal in any interior style. The airiness and floating of cantilever staircases is just an illusion: these systems are strong and reliable, and therefore their designs are very complex - all the fasteners and load-bearing elements are skillfully hidden in the structures of the walls, ceilings and in the details of the staircases themselves.

Classic stairs, which have a stringer or bowstring as a load-bearing element, have the advantage of safe operation; in addition, these stairs are presentable, solid and solid. But modern interiors tend towards lightness and minimalism, as much as possible more air and spaciousness - this somewhat contradicts the idea of ​​a regular massive staircase, limiting the field of view and “eating up” the volume of the room. The cantilever staircase for small lobbies becomes a good decision thanks to the compact design and special fasteners - directly into the wall.

Types of fastening cantilever stairs to walls:

• The steps cut into the load-bearing wall to a depth of 200 - 400 mm. The insertion depth depends on the width of the cantilever flight and on the material and strength properties of the wall.
• The steps are supported by special brackets, steel plates, channel or angle parts, bolts, anchor bolts or decorative supports.
• In cases where the wall cannot provide load-bearing capacity, the cantilever steps are supported on adjacent frames located as close to the wall as possible and as inconspicuous as possible. Fix frame supports made of channel or angle profiles onto the floors.
• As additional fasteners, systems of ceiling strands are used, which simultaneously perform a second function - fencing. Handrails in such systems usually go along the wall to which the steps are attached.
• “Hanging” steps recessed in the wall, the absence of handrails, railings and balusters of any kind, as well as ceiling strands and mesh fences - exclusively interesting solution and radical design. But this option is exclusive not only in the context of interior design, but also in terms of increased danger, and it is possible to use such extreme stunt simulators in an ordinary home if special conditions- as a second decorative staircase. If there are small children and elderly people in the house, this staircase option is categorically unacceptable.

Stairs with steps of the same fastening system and the same design can be made of various materials, and this radically changes the appearance of the staircase. There are quite a lot of options, and the main thing in the choice is the preferences of the owners and their imagination. A very common option is a metal frame attached to the wall, decorated with MDV panels or wood. Steps made of cast concrete or polymer concrete are effective and durable. A special place is occupied by glass stairs - weightless and transparent, but characterized by enviable strength.

Pros of cantilever stairs:

• Lightweight and compact designs that do not interfere with air circulation and light flow in rooms
• Spectacular in appearance, a real highlight of the interior
• The lightness of the design leads to savings in the consumption of basic materials
• Saving usable area and the volume of the room, which is very important for small houses

Disadvantages of cantilever structures for stairs:

• In the absence of guardrails, moving along a cantilever staircase is by no means safe, and in any case, such a staircase in a house is a risk factor and an area of ​​increased injury. Classical marching staircase with a fence, designed according to safety formulas compared to a cantilever design - an example of safety.
• Cantilever stairs are often inconvenient to climb and descend.
• The design and calculations of cantilever staircases are more complicated than classic marching stairs, and installation is also complicated. Independent calculations no experience and special knowledge hardly justified. Do-it-yourself installation is possible if there are calculations made by specialists based on the initial data - materials and design of load-bearing walls and ceilings, etc.
• The load-bearing capacity of the wall must be in reserve. Another option is an attached frame, and in both options the reliability of the fasteners must be ensured.

Cantilever staircases are designed at the first stages. It is important to decide which enclosing structures the staircase will be attached to, taking into account the mass of the steps themselves. Wooden and glass steps do not require additional wall reinforcement, but cast concrete steps require very strong support and additional local reinforcement if the load-bearing wall is designed from monolithic reinforced concrete.

A cantilever with an additional element at the free end will increase the load on the entire staircase system, so such solutions are usually avoided. The main mistakes when constructing cantilever stairs are associated with the wrong choice of fastening, the use of insufficiently reliable components and parts, and erroneous distribution of loads. These errors can lead to the ladder being dangerous to use.

Ready to install cantilever staircase - rare and standard option. For individual houses the design of such a staircase is made to order, according to the initial design data of the supporting wall or ceiling and the dimensions of the room. Even if it is possible to complete the factory with fasteners and frames and select a model from the catalog, changes are required for specific premises. Cantilever stairs are classified as non-standard and piece products.

1. Introduction

2. Stairs made of natural and artificial stone

3. Concrete and reinforced concrete stairs

4. Wooden stairs

5. Stairs made of steel structures

6. References

7. Introduction

Faulty condition of stairs (corrosion of metal stringers, increased deflections of landings and flights, loose fit of landings and flights to the walls, cracks, potholes, peeling of the floor in landings and steps, depressions in steps from abrasion, loosening of fences, handrails and safety nets, damage railings, rotting of wood, insufficient strength of fastenings of bowstrings to strut beams, etc.) should be eliminated as they appear and further destruction should be prevented.

The metal elements of stairs should be periodically painted every five to six years, after first cleaning the surfaces from rust. Metal stringers must be plastered or painted

providing a fire resistance limit of 1 hour.

When deflecting flights of stairs and sites exceeding the permissible standards (in the case of increasing deformation), employees of the housing maintenance organization must strengthen the load-bearing elements of the stairs (according to the project), having previously taken measures for the safe operation of the stairs.

Repairing cracks, depressions, potholes and edges in staircase structures should be done as defects appear, using materials similar to the material of the structures. Stair steps that have lost their strength in collapsible flights must be replaced with new ones.

Gaps between the flight of stairs and the wall should be sealed cement mortar. It is recommended to correct chips in tread rollers by using ready-made inserts or concreting on site.

In stone steps, damaged areas should be cut out and repaired with stone inserts.

Replacing damaged ones and fixing loose ones ceramic tiles on staircase landings, new ones must be carried out immediately after detection of defects.

4.8.6. Wooden handrails that are cracked or warped should be replaced with new ones. Minor damage (burrs, uneven surface) should be eliminated by cleaning the surface or replacing individual unusable parts with inserts and then finishing the handrail.

Damaged sections of PVC handrails should be cut out and replaced with new ones of the same shape and color. The joints of the handrail inserts must be welded and cleaned.

Bowstrings and coverings that have fallen into disrepair landings steps and damaged parts of fences must be replaced, and loose fences must be strengthened.

When conducting overhaul staircases must include ramps.

Staircase structures should be painted every five years.

Staircase elements:

minimum permissible value of support on concrete and metal surfaces- 50 mm, on brickwork- 120 mm;

permissible violation of the horizontality of landings is no more than 10 mm, and steps of stairs - no more than 4 mm;

the deviation of the railing from the vertical is no more than 6 mm.

Staircases:

glazing must be in good working order; the presence of fittings on windows and doors (handles, hardware), staircase lighting;

the room must be regularly ventilated, the air temperature is at least +16°C;

Regular cleaning must be ensured: sweeping of windows, window sills, heating devices - at least once every 5 days; walls - at least 2 times a month; washing - at least once a month;

Entrances from staircases to the attic or roof (with no-attic roofs) must be locked.

It is prohibited to use staircases (even for a short time) for storing materials, equipment and inventory, or to arrange storage rooms and other utility rooms under staircases.

Valves, electrical panels and other disconnecting devices located on the stairs must be located in closed cabinets, the keys to which are kept by the manager of the housing maintenance organization.

1. STAIRS MADE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL STONE

1.1 Divergence of external staircase steps due to freezing

Cause: Incorrect installation

Freezing of external staircases of old buildings can
be the result of an improperly executed foundation. When the foundation settles, the slope of the steps changes, rainwater and snow falls between them, freezing occurs in winter. The reason may also be incorrect installation of steps. The right way, when the treads slope outward, is to create such profiles when the seams are located above the planes of the treads.

Repair method: in most cases, complete dismantling, then thorough correction of defects and installation of steps by qualified specialists. Naturally, damaged steps are repaired, and some of them are replaced. In the latter case, you should select a more resistant stone material (granite, syenite, gabbro, andesite, freshwater hard limestone, marble).

1.2 Cracking of steps, violation of the rigidity of the seal of the cantilever (hanging) staircase

Cause: Uneven shrinkage of the load-bearing wall; poor seal; poor wedging

Defects in the flights of stairs with stringers, in many cases their destruction are caused by defects in the supporting (load-bearing) structures. Such structures must be examined on site, to determine what and how they were made from, and in what condition
are located, sometimes it is possible to determine at what stage of manufacturing the defect occurred.

In buildings built at the turn of the century, stringers made of wood were used. These beams were usually covered with reeds and plastered. Thus, the structure was hidden and it was impossible to determine its diseases (fungus, insect damage). In such a situation, it is necessary to replace the supporting structure; repair and reinstallation of steps.

1.3 Violation of the continuity of a flight of stairs, breaks in treads, steps, wear and tear

Cause: Natural wear and tear, mechanical stress

Natural wear and tear on the running line of old steps becomes a cause of accidents over time. Typical defects: broken edges of steps that have become thinner due to abrasion, formation of a wavy surface of steps. Defects are aggravated by impacts with heavy objects, for example when carrying bulky items.

Repair method: Minor damage to monolithic or wedge-shaped steps is repaired by cutting out a recess in the form swallowtail, then remove dust, moisten and make an insert from the step material or artificial stone that matches the color and structure.

Typically, when making artificial stone, stone chips are used, obtained by chiseling a recess for an insert. If it is not enough, then crushed stone is added. The repair material is prepared using 2/3 crushed stone of various sizes and 1/3 cement. The main requirement is a good seal. In most cases, to achieve a reliable result, it is necessary to install firmly secured formwork. Newly manufactured or repaired surfaces require wet treatment for 7 days. The surface of the artificial stone is polished after 1-2 days. Sanding up mirror shine is impractical, as a slippery surface can cause accidents. The initial signs of abrasion of the treads, which will later manifest themselves in the form of waviness or slippery areas, are eliminated by notching the surface.

Defects in stairs made of natural and artificial stone can be repaired using various modern adhesives. In this case, metal staples made of reinforcing steel are used in stretched belts (Fig.).

Rice. 1.2. Wedging a hanging ladder

1 - wedging; 2 - hanging ladder; 3 - load-bearing wall

Rice. 1.3. Arrangement of stringers from steel beams

1 - flooring made of tiles; 2 - solution

1.4 Cracks on individual steps, sometimes kinks

Cause: Mechanical influences

When replacing steps or an entire flight of stairs, hanging stairs should be supported with supports, starting from the base of the wall, from the lower floor and along the outer contour. Work begins with hollowing out the embedding areas. The steps are dismantled from top to bottom. New flights are mounted from below, paying attention to the correct installation of the tread planes so that water flows freely from them when washing the stairs. During replacement, individual steps are inserted at least to a depth of half a brick with wedging and sealing with cement mortar bricks (Fig. 1.2). If replacement is not necessary, then flights of stairs can be reinforced with stringers made of steel beams (Fig. 1.3).

1.5 Shell-like peeling of the staircase material, cracking

Cause: Exposure to fire

Natural stone is not resistant to fire, although it itself does not burn. Under the influence high temperature it cracks, peels, crumbles. Limestones lose much of their strength under the influence of relatively low temperatures; chemical processes occur in them (lime burning). Igneous rocks behave better in this regard. If water unexpectedly gets onto hot stone steps while putting out a fire, it can seriously damage the material from which they are made, resulting in severe destruction stone structures.

1.6 Loose railings

Cause: Weakening of handrail posts, fractures due to corrosion

A typical defect in stair railings is loosening of the posts at the fastening points and cracking of the stone. The reason may be severe corrosion of metal racks, freezing at their base, mechanical stress (forced loosening), exposure to water, or the grinding effect of particles with sharp edges moving in the seams.

It is necessary to periodically inspect the sealing areas of the railing posts. In the initial stage of defect development, you can use simple pouring of cement mortar followed by grouting sand-cement mixture(1:1), which stops further destruction sometimes for many years.

When repairing more significant defects, it may be necessary to install a new socket or replace a rusted rack. Attention should be paid to the care of concrete during its hardening period, since rapid drying of a small amount of concrete or artificial stone leads to its destruction. A good result can only be achieved with proper care and normal hydration.

2.1. Fractures and cracks in concrete stairs

Cause: Cracks in a stretched or compressed belt

Cracks that appear in the compressed belt of stairs reinforced as double-support beams indicate weakening cross section and can cause trouble. If the edges of concrete cracks become colored or peel off, this indicates a defect in the compressed chord. After an expert assessment, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen or replace the structure.

2.2. Loosening the seal of cantilever (hanging) stairs

Cause: Insufficient embedment length, which causes loosening; Incorrect installation of steps, due to which water flows towards the wall when washing the stairs.

The repair method is identical to that described in paragraph 1.4

2.3. Damage to cladding, potholes, breaks

Cause: Mechanical stress: natural abrasion, waviness, damage from loads carried up stairs

The repair method is identical to that described in paragraph 1.3

2.4. Abrasion of plastic or rubber mats covering treads, tears

Cause: Mechanical influences

Destroyed plastic or rubber inserts on the treads are removed, the concrete surface is cleaned, and after checking the correct slope, new ones are glued on.

2.5. Fractures, curvature of handrails, deformations of stringers, fractures of monolithic staircase landings

Cause: Construction defects, errors in concrete care, corrosion of reinforced concrete, damage to concrete under the influence of acids, alkalis, oils, fats

In any case, you need expert review. After the necessary examination and calculation, a decision is made on repair or replacement; in the latter case, factory-made elements can be used.

2.6. Weakening of concrete of external stairs, spalling, fractures, surface peeling

Cause: Exposure to frost during the curing period or frequent freezing of finished concrete

Constantly wet or frequently wetted concrete stairs Frost can cause great damage. Especially for external stairs, frost-resistant concrete is used using frost-resistant inert materials and with an appropriate selection of the quality and quantity of cement. Repairing old concrete stairs is only a temporary measure, since further freezing leads to their destruction.

2.6. Deformations of reinforced concrete structures, exposure of reinforcement under exfoliated concrete, etc.

Cause: Exposure to fire

Under the influence of fire (already at a temperature of 500 ° C), additives to concrete burn out; crushed limestone added to concrete begins to decompose (burnt lime is formed); The strength of the reinforcement also decreases. After any fire, you should definitely carry out expert examination and determine further activities based on it.

3. WOODEN STAIRS

The material for making stairs inside buildings can be soft and hard wood. Frequently used designs are a spiral staircase, a straight or curvilinear unstrung staircase, which are usually well designed and structurally simple. Their defects are usually the result of damage. In rare cases, damage by insects and fungi occurs. Defects also rarely occur due to corrosion of metal connecting elements.

The way to repair severely worn or broken steps is to completely replace them. Smaller damage is repaired by insertions. Taking into account the opinion of experts, defects that may arise due to exposure to fungal diseases and insects must be prevented. An essential requirement is to exclude in all cases the possibility of moistening staircase structures.

Defects in the construction of stringers, deficiencies in joints with walls are eliminated in accordance with the rules for the manufacture of carpentry structures.

A wooden staircase quickly burns out in a fire, so it should not be intended for evacuating people both inside and outside the building.

In the process of reconstruction residential buildings regardless bearing capacity and material condition wooden stairs should be replaced with reinforced concrete, stairs made of natural and artificial stone, with the exception of internal stairs in one-story houses, if they meet the requirements for material and load-bearing capacity.

4. STEEL STAIRS

4.1 Bending of load-bearing elements, cracks, fracture of connecting elements, deformation of steps

Cause: Static and dynamic overvoltage

Replacement or strengthening of load-bearing elements in accordance with the expected additional static or dynamic loads, replacement of a metal step (plate), sometimes the installation of stiffeners against possible bending.

4.2 Excessively smooth surface, not safe for walking; protrusions of connecting elements above the step

Cause: Constructive effect

Replacement of steps originally made from slabs, without adding roughness or ribbing. To avoid accidents, eliminating protrusions of connecting elements by lowering them under the plane of the step plate (welding with bottom side) or in another way.

4.3 Abrasion of the surface of the steps, polishing; jagged edges

Cause: Mechanical influences

Creation of a rough surface or replacement.

4.4 Deformation of all or part of the staircase structure due to high temperature

Cause: Fire

Replacement depending on expert opinion individual elements or the entire staircase structure, depending on the degree of damage.

4.5 Corrosion of all or parts steel structures

Cause: Corrosion

First of all, eliminating the causes of moisture, then cleaning from rust structural elements, suitable for use, and anti-corrosion treatment.

Steel staircases are very rarely used in residential buildings; V public buildings, offices - in the form spiral staircases(due to space limitations). For the most part, they are used in industrial buildings for access to the corresponding technological posts. Typically, flights of such stairs are characterized by high steps (more than 20 cm); Steep stairs are equipped with double-sided railings. Increased attention to the condition of such stairs is very important from the point of view of preventing accidents.

Bibliography:

1. Rules and regulations for the technical operation of housing stock

2. A.V. Kolomeets, E.M. Arievich “Operation of residential buildings”, reference manual, M. Stroyizdat. 1985

3. N.V. Nechaev “Major repairs of residential buildings” M. Stroyizdat 1990

4. Boyko M. D. “Maintenance and repair of buildings and structures.” Tutorial for universities. L.: Stroyizdat, Leningrad. department, 1986.-256 p.

Quite often, when designing houses, a contractor has to deal with problems of saving space when placing flights of stairs and creating certain interiors. This is due to the fact that these structures are quite bulky and require a lot of space for their normal functioning.

That is why many craftsmen are interested in the question of how to make a cantilever staircase with their own hands, since a similar type of this device can help solve this problem.

At first glance, this device gives the impression that it consists of separate sections that are suspended in the air. However, it should be noted that creating a cantilever staircase requires a lot of effort.

Properties

• This product has an original appearance, which the right approach can fit into any interior. (see also the article Interior of a hallway with a staircase in a private house - “recipes” for a cozy environment)
• To create such a design, a minimum amount of material is required.
• Space savings when using console devices increase significantly.
• Creating stairs of this type quite problematic and associated with a lot of different difficulties.
• When designing similar design stairs need to be made very accurate calculations and measurements, since a load of at least 150 kg must be placed on a step fixed on one side.

Advice!
Before choosing a cantilever staircase for your home, you need to weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of this device and make a decision that is ideally suited to specific conditions.

Manufacturing

• First of all, you need to understand that this ladder is mounted on one support. In this case, the installation instructions assume the installation of additional fasteners in the form of hanging systems, but the main load does not fall on them.
• To solve the problems of installing consoles, two installation methods are used. The first of them involves fastening the steps during the manufacturing process of the walls. The second method is to install load-bearing structure, which may look like a column.
• After the steps are installed, cables or slings are attached to them from the other edge, which are secured to the ceiling. Thus, the result is a structure in the form of individual staircase elements, fixed on one side to a wall or column, and on the other side, suspended on cables.

• It is worth noting that the suspension system itself begins to act as a barrier, but to increase safety, you can stretch additional elements, the purpose of which is to reduce gaps.
• Railings for cantilever stairs should be installed on the wall. They can be purchased in specialized stores, and the price of such products is sometimes so low that self-production It just doesn't make sense.
• It is very important to use a water level when carrying out all work., For correct placement details in space.
• It is worth noting that not all types of these systems are equipped with suspensions. There are completely independent products that can withstand significant weight without additional support.

Advice!
When organizing suspension system it is necessary to create a certain level of tension that will support the steps in one position.
If the tension is too strong, you can loosen the area of ​​the main fixation.

Buy or make it yourself

First of all, you need to understand that the main criterion in the manufacture of flights of stairs is safety. At the same time, console devices require only high-quality elements and accurate measurements during their manufacture and installation. Therefore, such designs must be created very carefully, paying attention to even minor details.

Considering all the complexity similar work, some craftsmen prefer to purchase finished products. They will definitely have the correct shapes, appropriate fasteners and withstand the required load. However, installation must be carried out strictly according to the instructions, which must be included in the delivery package.

Advice!
By purchasing ready product, you should make sure that fasteners are available, since not all manufacturers include them with the parts.
You should also check all elements for visible defects.

Conclusion

In the video presented in this article you will find Additional information on this topic. Also, based on the text stated above, you can get an idea of ​​the design and structure of cantilever stairs and methods of their installation.

At the same time, we can conclude that it is better to purchase this product in finished form, since factory parts have a large margin of strength and reliability.

Return