A beautiful and comfortable spiral staircase is quite simple and is perfect for organizing the transition to the attic or attic floor.
The main feature of screw structures is their unusual shape. Externally, the console of the building looks like a petal with rounded edges. The main advantage of the device is significant space savings in the house.
Most often it is placed in a vertical position, without inclined straight steps. Despite the fact that it is not entirely comfortable to walk along such a staircase, the entire structure can occupy only 1 square meter. m.
The structural part of spiral staircases may differ. The flight of stairs is fixed radially. If you pay attention to the horizontal cut of the screw in the diagrams, you will notice that it can be polygonal or round.
Types of spiral staircases:
- resting on a wall and supporting structure;
- supported by special support posts.
- supported on a fence or curved bowstrings;
- with pinching into the support post.
A wide variety of materials can be used for construction. Most owners prefer to build structures from concrete, wood or metal.
Advantages and disadvantages
- They do not clutter up the space, so they occupy a minimum amount of free space in the room. They are easy to install in small rooms;
- Provided that high-quality materials are selected and all construction rules are observed, this design has a stylish and modern design, so it can not only be a means of transportation, but also serve as home decoration;
- Compared to other types of staircases, the cost of spiral staircases is much lower, so home owners do not have to overpay for anything;
- The structures can be placed either against the wall or in the middle of the room;
- Marches can be installed with the narrowed side to the main central support or the wide part attached to the wall.
Screw structures have only one drawback. The point is that you can’t go up and down quickly without holding on to the railing. Otherwise, it could result in all sorts of injuries. To reduce the risk of getting caught, it is preferable to install flights with wider steps.
Professionals advise starting to make a drawing with a detailed plan of the first floor and indicating the area where it will be installed. The plan must include the exact dimensions of the opening, taking into account the given scale.
Rotating blades, as a result of which the shape of the steps changes, must also be drawn in detail, while all proportions must be respected. A separate diagram shows circular lifting angles.
Design calculation
Calculation of parts must be carried out with special care, otherwise errors will result in discomfort and bruises.
The calculation must be carried out according to the following rules:
- According to accepted standards, the minimum step length should be about 150 mm with a height of 300 mm. You should not violate these parameters, as this may result in a decrease in the level of security. Maximum figures vary around 140-160 mm in length and 280-300 in height.
- A significant factor is the angle of inclination. Naturally, the higher this indicator, the less space it takes up. Acceptable values vary from 23º to 45º. The most popular tilt angle is from 25º to 35º. An inclination angle of more than 45º is too sharp, so you can only climb the stairs backwards. But if the slope is less than 23º, it is more logical to install a ramp.
For the production of steps, wood with a denser texture is often used - tanned beech. Brittle rocks should be avoided, as they are not able to withstand the high loads placed on them.
The thickness of the finished elements should not be less than 50 mm if the height of the structure should not exceed 2 m. If the height of the structure is increased, then the thickness of the steps should be at least 60 mm. The number of steps is determined by dividing the height of the opening by the rise up.
The material used must be thoroughly dried and processed. It should be taken into account that if the wood is unevenly dried after installation, the wood gradually begins to lose moisture and deform, taking on the shape of a propeller.
Moreover, a damaged step must be replaced immediately after the defect appears, otherwise one step may pull other elements with it, compromising the strength of the structure. That is why professionals advise purchasing already planed material.
Drawings of spiral wooden staircases
Due to its efficiency and low cost, wood structures are especially popular. As a plan, you can use ready-made drawings developed by professionals.
As for the advantages of this type of device, it is undoubtedly fire resistance, the ability to combine various materials, modern design, ease of installation and durability.
Many modern home owners who follow fashion trends and their homes install spiral staircases not only inside, but also outside.
This is due to the fact that metal materials are least resistant to various climatic influences and withstand bad weather.
Concrete, metal, wood and brick pillars are used to construct the supporting structure. They are attached using elements, bolts and couplings welded to the pipe.
The steps are easiest to attach to a wooden stand. For this, bars, metal corners, etc. are used. The stand must be firmly fixed and able to withstand the total weight of all components and a person with a large body weight.
In addition to this, the main support column must be firmly connected to the lower and upper parts of the structure. The diameter of a wooden or concrete rack should be from 150 -500 mm or more, while a metal structure should not be less than 50 mm.
To make it convenient for residents to move, it is necessary to place the axles correctly. Often a frame is installed for them, which is pre-fabricated to fit the final shape. Craftsmen advise using corners and welding the support itself in the form of a straight plate.
You can connect 2 metal profiles together in the form of an inverted T-shaped stand. It is on this that steps can subsequently be placed. This technology allows you to adjust the dimensions of the steps at any time.
Fences and railings
At the last stage, the fence is installed. For stairs of this type, it is performed not only as safety, but also as a decorative element in combination with forged inserts and curved wooden elements. Most often, metal pipes are used as a basis. This design looks quite impressive.
If a private house has more than one floor, you cannot do without a staircase. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, you need to pay attention not only to the dimensions and how much space it takes up in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then a hand-made staircase to the second floor will not only be a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but you can do it.
Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house
All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and other decorative stones, and often use combinations of these materials. But most often, the staircase to the second floor is made from wood, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.
In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. In open stairs there is only a horizontal part - the step itself, in closed ones - there is also a vertical part - the riser.
Design standards
When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of elevation:
The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the selected riser height. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the elevation angle 40°. From the table we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. Divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.
If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.
When choosing the size of the steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and riser is optimally equal to 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.
All these parameters must be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from what is there and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.
Spiral staircase
As already mentioned, a spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least amount of space. But it has a serious drawback: it is uncomfortable to walk on, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.
Calculation features
When designing a spiral staircase, it must be taken into account that in some positions there are other steps above your head. Therefore, it will not be possible to make small risers.
The next feature is that the steps are all unequal in width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part is attached to the central support (post), the wide part is attached to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide part should not be more than 40 cm.
The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. The entire structure is doubled - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.
Prefabricated column design
This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements are placed - steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.
If you look in more detail, in addition to a metal pipe (in this case with a diameter of 40 mm), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.
On the other hand, the distance between the steps is maintained using cuts on the balusters. The steps are attached to these grooves (with glue + fasteners).
Do-it-yourself installation of a staircase to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. A hole equal to the diameter of the pillar is made in the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on the enlarged washer, and tighten the nut. Further assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, and in parallel with the installation of the step, a baluster is placed and secured. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.
The steps are cut from laminated boards or furniture boards. You can use solid wood, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a humidity of no more than 8-12%. Although laminated wood is considered more reliable: it will definitely not be damaged and will not crack when dried.
For an example of assembling such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated pole, but you can also use a solid one, although assembling the steps will be inconvenient - you will have to climb the stairs every time.
The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are familiar with welding, this option will be easier.
Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options
With or without railings - the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to execute. Forged twisted staircases are a classic of the genre.
Marching staircase to the second floor
Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology for their construction has long been proven. There are few specific features of the calculation. It is important to decide on the number of marches. One section should have from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient ones have 11-13 pieces. If according to calculations it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are multiples of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.
Kinds
Stairs with landings take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, turns are added. The most common option is to place the staircase at the corners of two adjacent walls. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Just one point: the section with winder steps is the most dangerous. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.
As we have said before, flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terives (just an inclined beam). Attaching steps to string beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are also nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but quite controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the entire staircase is made of wood, metal parts are very “cutting” to the eye. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, if the boards for the steps are thick enough and the string is wide enough, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may jump out of the grooves.
Assembling steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut the stringers.
This is a staircase on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly
Installation of a flight of stairs with step-by-step photos
Stringers are made from wide boards 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no solid dry board, you can use glued ones. How to calculate the stringer is described in the form, but you can assemble the staircase to the second floor not only as a free-standing one.
An example of assembling a staircase on stringers against a wall is below. First, we attach the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.
Then we install the lower ones. We attach the stringer near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to clean and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.
We attach the lower stringers - one to the post, the second to the finishing board
Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.
The installation of steps begins. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put them in place, drill a hole for the screw, then tighten it.
The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made of stainless pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster into which a tube is inserted and fixed with a pin or any other available method.
Photos of interesting marching stairs to the 2nd floor
Metal and glass - an interesting combination. Interesting idea, and at the end - a pantry.
After developing or purchasing drawings for a spiral staircase, you can try to build a unique structure that can give the whole house a unique and exclusive look. The documentation will allow you to independently select the necessary materials, take correct measurements and carry out high-quality installation of the product. The article will tell you how to properly make spiral staircases with drawings.
Before developing screw drawings for stairs with your own hands, you need to get acquainted with their main types, presented in the table:
| Spiral staircase type | Peculiarities |
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In this case, the wide end of the wedge-shaped steps rests on the walls surrounding the model, and the narrow end rests on a support post located in the center of the structure. Steps can be attached to walls using bolts or stringers. |
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This spiral staircase is free-standing, and the steps are cantilever mounted on a monolithic central support post on one side. |
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The steps rest on spirally curved bowstrings or stringers. This is a very beautiful, graceful, but also the most difficult design to design and manufacture, which requires certain knowledge, experience and skill. |
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Such a spiral staircase has a support post made of thick-walled steel or asbestos-cement pipe with a diameter of at least 50 mm. This is the most common design. It is quite simple to manufacture, and the reliability during operation of the model will be at the same level. |
After becoming familiar with the main types of products, you can develop drawings of spiral staircases.
Planning
To choose the right product model, you must first draw up a plan for its placement in the room.
To do this you need:
- Carefully consider how the surrounding site will be used, how often the model will be used - its functions and the load on the structure;
- Take into account that when making high railings, they do not interfere with the lifting of large objects;
- Take care of the safety of small children: the flight of stairs should be additionally equipped with protection or access to it should be limited;
- Carrying out the calculations and drawings of the spiral staircase yourself is the most difficult and time-consuming stage;
Advice: Before starting installation work, you need to think through the design in detail, determine the option for its fastening, so that your efforts are not wasted.
- You can place the staircase anywhere in the room on an individual stand, or make it adjacent to the wall, which will give the structure a more “monolithic” look;
- Carefully select the options for the building materials used: wooden structures look great and fit harmoniously into almost any interior.
Attention! Artistic metal forging always adds solidity and an atmosphere of prosperity. Spiral staircases made of marble look beautiful.
It’s quite difficult to make them yourself (drawings for them) yourself. This requires diligence and accuracy in calculations. If you have any questions, you can always watch the video in this article and get acquainted with samples of finished structures.
Selection of design dimensions
When developing drawings of a spiral staircase, you should adhere to the following recommendations:
- The most convenient width of the structure during operation is 900 mm;
- The diameter of the entire assembled model must be at least 2 meters, taking into account the size of the central pillar of the structure and the width of the opening for the stairs in the interfloor ceiling, so that the stairs themselves and the fence with handrails can freely enter into it;
- In plan, the product can have a round, oval, polygonal, and sometimes rectangular shape;
- If the intensity of traffic on the stairs is low, for example, to the attic or to the basement, the diameter of the structures can be 1.4 meters with a tread width of 550 mm;
- You should not make a spiral staircase with a diameter of more than 3 meters. In this case, it is better to mount a safer and more comfortable marching model.
Choosing a staircase design for a private house or apartment with several levels is not an easy task. After all, it should be comfortable, reliable, fit naturally into the interior and not take up much space. Especially when space is limited. In this case, the best option would be to choose a spiral staircase. The material for its manufacture is most often metal or wood, but metal products are more durable and more sophisticated in design. Therefore, next we will consider how a metal spiral staircase can be made with your own hands.
What are the differences between spiral staircase designs?
The method of fastening the steps determines the design of the spiral staircase. The traditional type is cantilever, when the entire load is carried by a central support rod to which metal brackets are welded. The support is made of a pipe with a diameter of 5-7 cm with thick walls. The brackets can serve as steps or serve as the basis for further cladding.
A logical continuation of the cantilever type is the design on bolts. In it, the steps are connected to each other along the outer edge by steel rods - bolts and railing parts. From the inside, the edge of the steps is attached to sleeves, which in turn are put on the support pillar. Thus, the load is distributed throughout the entire structure.
There are variants of spiral staircases without a supporting axis, where the power units are load-bearing beams - stringers or bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are located on support beams, in the second, they are mounted to them with their ends.
A good project is the basis of everything
The development of a spiral staircase project should be based on its safety and ease of use, therefore it is necessary to take into account some rules described in regulatory documents:
- distance between turns (H 1), i.e. between the bottom step and the one above it - at least 200 cm;
- comfortable step height (h) – 15-19 cm;
- minimum step length – 80 cm;
- the optimal line of movement along a spiral staircase lies approximately 2/3 of the width of the flight, so the depth of the tread on it (e 0) should be at least 20 cm, and at a distance of 15 cm from the central pillar - at least 10 cm;
- The height of the rise of the step and the depth of the tread are interconnected by a relationship that must be fulfilled:
2h+e 0 =60…65 cm,
- the ratio of tread thickness to step length should be within 1:20;
- with a flight width of up to 150 cm, the staircase must be equipped with railings 90-100 cm high;
- for safe ascent to the upper level, the dimensions of the staircase opening at each edge must be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the screw structure.
Having familiarized ourselves with the standards, we move on to calculations.
Note! Before starting design, determine the entry and exit points of the staircase, its angle of rotation and direction of rotation.
Next we will talk about a staircase on rails, which has a support pillar with a diameter of 76 mm, a step length of 1 m and a rotation angle of 270 degrees. The lifting height H (the distance between the finished floor at the lower and upper levels) is 3 m.
Radius along the ascent line
R 0 =38+1000∙2/3=705 mm
Length of the stairs along the line of travel
L 0 =3/4∙2πR 0 =3/4∙2∙3.14∙705=3321 mm
We take the height of the steps h=190 mm. Then the number of steps:
n=H/h=3000/190=15.8
Round to 16 and clarify h=3000/16=188 mm. More precisely, 15 rises of 188 mm each and one (on the first stage) of 180 mm.
The role of the last step is played by the platform on the upper level, therefore, we have 16 ascents and 15 steps.
Now we get the width of the tread along the line of movement e 0 =3321/15=222 mm, which corresponds to the standards.
We check this value for ergonomics: 2∙222+188=632 mm., i.e. Everything fits here too.
We calculate the length of the stairs based on the outer diameter and the width of the steps from this edge:
L=3/4∙2∙3.14∙(38+1000)=4489 mm., e=4489/15=326 mm
Let's determine the size of the landing, assuming that the thickness of the upper floor is 20 cm. Rising by 18.8 cm with each step, on the fourth the distance to the ceiling will be 205.6 cm. This means that the landing can only cover 4 steps.
The main dimensions of our stairs have been calculated. Based on them we make a design drawing, which will be the basis for manufacturing.
Building a staircase
For axial support you will need a Ø57 mm pipe. with thick walls. It will be fitted with sleeves from the same pipe, but with a diameter of 76 mm. For steps, a profiled pipe 25x40 mm is suitable.
The progress of work is as follows:
- We cut the sleeves. The cutting plane must be strictly perpendicular to the axis so that the density of the sleeves is maximized.
- To ensure that the sleeves fit on the support axle without backlash or gaps, we will use 6 mm O-rings. rods - 2 for each sleeve, screwing them onto a thinner pipe.
- We cut the rings, making a gap, and weld them at each end of the sleeve. Now, to ensure a tight fit, we use a router to sand the inside of the rings.
- For the same and correct geometry of the step frames, we need a jig. We make it from chipboard, several bars and a pipe mandrel.
- We put the blanks under the steps into the jig, mark the cutting lines, cut along them and weld everything into one whole. When finished, clean the seams.
- Next we assemble the frame. We put the sleeves with steps on the central support and install the resulting structure on the prepared site. The lower part is concreted, and the upper part is attached to the ceiling.
- We turn the steps at the desired angle, after which we weld racks made of profiled pipe between them. We fix the sleeves together by welding.
The staircase frame is ready. After priming and painting, the steps are sheathed and railings are installed. How easy it is to create a spiral staircase made of metal with your own hands, see the video below.
A spiral staircase to the second floor is one of the most popular designs for communication between floors. Can save space and decorate the interior of any room. They can be installed in the smallest areas, in an apartment, country house or cottage. Also known as a pivot, round or radial design.
Construction and calculation of a spiral staircase
The design of spiral staircases has a number of disadvantages, for example, they are not always convenient, especially for the elderly and small children. In this case, it is preferable to use a regular flight as the main interfloor rise, and a rounded structure is ideal as a service or technical one, since it does not take up too much space.
To avoid falls and injuries, you must carefully prepare your spiral staircase design. Only if all requirements (GOST and SNiP) and construction rules are met, the product will turn out to be convenient and practical.
Drawings and dimensions of staircases
- H – height of the stairs. It is the sum of the distance to the ceiling and the thickness of the ceiling (h p);
- H 1 – the distance between the turns of the staircase, that is, the height to which you can climb after completing one full turn.
Important: H 1 should not be less than 2 meters, otherwise when climbing you can hit your head on the top step;
- h – riser height – the distance that can be climbed by climbing one step. It is believed that the most convenient height is from 12 to 22 cm;
- h 1 – tread depth. It should be sufficient so that when descending the foot does not slip off the steps, and when ascending it provides reliable support for the foot. It is recommended to take values from 25 to 40 cm. At the central support, the depth of the tread step should be 10 cm or more;
To make movement convenient, the circular staircase must meet the following conditions:
2 h + h 1 = 60..65 cm (1)
A round staircase less than 1.5 meters wide must be equipped with railings 90 cm or more in height.
The design of the structure begins with the calculation of the main dimensions. Let's assume that the distance to the floor of the second floor (H) is 3 m. The width of the staircase (R) will be 1.2 m. The entrance location is strictly under the exit (i.e. the twist angle is 360°).
H = 3 m, R = 1.2 m, ω = 360°;
n = H / h, 3000 / 180 = 16.7
Rounding the value up, we get the answer - 17. But since the last step is the floor of the second floor, there will be 16 steps on our staircase.
The length of the stairs (L o) along the main ascent line is calculated as follows:
L o = 2πR 1, where R 1 = 2/3 R, therefore
L o = 4/3πR, substituting the value R = 1.2m into the formula, we get
h 1 = L / n = 5 / 17 = 0.29 m = 29 cm
Having checked our calculations using formula (1), we get the number 65. That is, a turning staircase with such parameters will be quite comfortable for walking.
Shape of steps
h 1 inner = 10cm
h 1 ext = L in / n, where
L in = 2πR = 2 * 3.14 * 1.2 = 7.536 m substitute the value
h 1 out = 7.536 / 17 = 0.44 m = 44 cm
It turned out that the depth of the tread at the outer edge is 440mm.
Of course, calculations very rarely result in integer numbers, as a result of which errors appear and the shape of the steps is distorted. To level this out, the size of the steps can be changed slightly, for example, making the first one slightly lower than the others. This way the remaining steps will remain the same.
Turning stairs, as a rule, are made without risers. This is explained by the fact that it is more convenient to move around such a structure. Therefore, the height of the steps may have a slight flaw.
Calculation of the distance to the ceiling
As we climb each step, we approach the ceiling to the height of the riser (h). In our case, this is 18 cm. Having overcome 4 steps, we will rise to 72 cm. If we take the thickness of the floor (h p) as 20 cm, then for the fourth step:
H 1 = H - 4h - h p = 300 - 72 - 20 = 208 cm
This is quite acceptable, since this parameter must be at least 2m.
When climbing to the fifth step, the loss of height will already be 90 cm and H 1 = 190 cm, with this value a tall person can hit his head.
Based on this, the length of the upper floor platform along the center line in our case should not exceed the depth of four treads, that is, 1.16 m.
This can be seen more clearly in the figure, which shows a round staircase, viewed from above. The site is highlighted in white. The dotted line is the steps that are located under it. The beginning of the flight of stairs coincides with the exit point. The rise occurs counterclockwise.
These calculations are approximate and do not take into account the thickness of the material from which components for spiral staircases will be made, for example, the covering of steps and some other nuances that must be taken into account.
How to make an opening in the ceiling
It is best to prepare a staircase opening in the ceiling of the second floor immediately, when building a private house. If this was missed, then in the case of wooden ceilings, it must be cut out before installing the interfloor structure.
The opening can have a round or rectangular shape, depending on whether round or square spiral staircases will be installed.
The main thing is that the basic condition must be met: the size of the opening must be 10 cm larger than the diameter of the spiral staircase on each side. This is necessary so as not to injure your hands on the walls when using the railing on the last steps.
If a round opening for the stairs is assumed, you should draw it on the floor of the lower floor and then transfer it to the ceiling.
A through hole is drilled in the center of the circle. Then, on the floor of the second floor, a pin is inserted into this hole and, using a rope, the length of which corresponds to the radius of the opening, and a pencil tied to it, a hole is outlined that needs to be cut out.
Alternatively, the area where the second floor platform is supposed to be made does not need to be removed. This will save time on its arrangement. In addition, the cost of a spiral staircase will be slightly lower. But at the same time, the most careful calculations are needed so as not to make a mistake with the location of the site.
The staircase opening is lined with a beam made of veneer in the shape of a circle. The beam consists of several layers, bent using steel circles and stops. The first and last layers must be made from solid pieces of veneer. For the manufacture of intermediate layers, it is allowed to use shorter pieces.
The design of the opening will be done better if the layers are made one at a time, then dried, glued and inserted into the next layer.
The finished beam is installed in the opening for the spiral staircase and secured with corner pads. To give a more aesthetic appearance, decorative skirting boards are additionally installed.
Finishing a staircase opening that has a square shape requires a minimum of effort and skill due to the lack of rounded parts.
Step-by-step instructions for making a staircase to the second floor
The production of spiral staircases begins with the selection of materials for load-bearing elements, components and cladding . As a central post, you can use either an iron pipe or a strong wooden beam of large diameter. Steps and handrails are usually made of solid wood, railings and railings are made of stainless steel or, again, wood.
Wooden steps
Wooden steps are usually made from oak, beech, maple and other hardwoods. Alternatively, you can buy ready-made steps for the stairs or use homemade ones, cutting the boards to the required size with your own hands.
For example, a rectangular board can be sawn diagonally and get 2 trapezoidal treads. Then you need to round off the edges, process the edges and varnish in 3 layers - the steps are ready.
Installation of balusters
You can cut balusters with your own hands from metal rods or wooden rods. When making racks, some need to be made slightly larger. They will go to the first and last steps and to the edges of the site. This will strengthen the strength of the entire structure and give the staircase a finished appearance.
You can try to make carved balusters with your own hands. For this you need a lathe. And in order to drill even holes in the ends of the racks, a regular drill will do. Adjust it approximately as in the photo:
Smooth holes are very important, because they ensure the strictly vertical position of the balusters.
Installation of railings
To make railings, you will need two types of wooden balusters: large posts that are installed at the corners, and small ones for each step. 
Making a bowstring
To bend a string for a ladder, soak a piece of wood in boiling water until completely softened, then bend it in the right places, secure it in a bent position and leave it to dry.
There is also a more modern way - gluing many thin lamellas together. A spiral staircase on a bowstring made in this way can take on the coolest shapes.
Assembly and installation of the structure
A metal spiral staircase is easy to manufacture and will fit perfectly into the interior of a country house or cottage. The most popular is the design with cantilever support of the steps on the casing. In this example, we will show how to build a staircase with turning steps with our own hands.
Installation of a spiral staircase begins with the installation of a central post, which is a thick-walled steel pipe with a diameter of at least 5 cm. Having secured the metal support, steps are strung onto it. After each step, a sleeve is put on.
Then the steps unfold like a fan. In this case, it is necessary to very accurately calculate where the beginning and end of the stairs are. Once the flight is complete, each step is connected using support brackets that are installed near the outer edge. Lastly, the railings are assembled - the posts (balusters) of the fence and handrails are mounted.
Thus we have a compact spiral staircase. If the product has a service or technical purpose, then you can make the steps a little narrower and save some more space. For example, in a country house, such wooden structures can be used to climb into the attic, instead of traditional folding ones.
Video: installation of a spiral staircase in Utah
Other installation technologies (with photos)
If you plan to place the product near a wall, then a spiral design is better suited, in which the shape of the steps varies from rectangular to trapezoidal, depending on the part of the flight - a square spiral staircase.
There are also types of spiral staircases without a central support. In this case, the steps are connected on one side by bolts, and on the other they are mounted directly into the wall or fastened with a stringer or bowstring. Building this structure is much more difficult. But her appearance is simply stunning.
Photo gallery: design options for stairs in the interior
Spiral staircases in the interior of a house or cottage perfectly complement the overall design composition. Due to its unusual design, the product adds sophistication to the room.
This is not only a communication system between floors, but also another way to realize your creative potential.