The President of the United States is the Supreme Chief Executive of the United States of America, head of the Federal Government of the United States, and Commander-in-Chief of the US Army and Navy. The office of President of the United States was introduced by the first US Constitution, which was adopted in 1787.
The first President of the United States of America, George Washington, took office on April 30, 1789.
This table provides a list of US presidents and years of their reign:
| no |
Name (years of life) |
Years of government |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | George Washington - George Washington (1732-1799) | 1789 - 1797 |
| 2 | John Adams - John Adams (1735-1826) | 1797 - 1801 |
| 3 | Thomas Jefferson - Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) | 1801 - 1809 |
| 4 | James Madison - James Madison (1751-1836) | 1809 - 1817 |
| 5 | James Monroe - James Monroe (1758-1831) | 1817 - 1825 |
| 6 | John Quincy Adams - John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) | 1825 - 1829 |
| 7 | Andrew Jackson - Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) | 1829 - 1837 |
| 8 | Martin van Buren - Martin Van Buren (1782-1862) | 1837 - 1841 |
| 9 | William Henry Harrison - William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) | 1841 |
| 10 | John Tyler - John Tyler (1790-1862) | 1841 - 1845 |
| 11 | James Polk - James Polk (1795-1849) | 1845 - 1849 |
| 12 | Zachary Taylor - Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) | 1849 - 1850 |
| 13 | Millard Fillmore - Millard Fillmore (1800-1874) | 1850 - 1853 |
| 14 | Franklin Pierce - Franklin Pierce (1804-1869) | 1853 - 1857 |
| 15 | James Buchanan - James Buchanan (1791-1868) | 1857 - 1861 |
| 16 | Abraham Lincoln - Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) | 1861 - 1865 |
| 17 | Andrew Johnson - Andrew Johnson (1808-1875) | 1865 - 1869 |
| 18 | Ulysses S. Grant - Ulysses Simpson Grant (1822-1885) | 1869 - 1877 |
| 19 | Rutherford B. Hayes - Rutherford Burchard Hayes (1822-1893) | 1877 - 1881 |
| 20 | James Abram Garfield - James Abram Garfield (1831-1881) | 1881 |
| 21 | Chester Alan Arthur - Chester Alan Arthur (1830-1886) | 1881 - 1885 |
| 22 | 1885 - 1889 | |
| 23 | Benjamin Harrison - Benjamin Harrison (1833-1901) | 1889 - 1893 |
| 24 | Grover Cleveland - Grover Cleveland (1837-1908) | 1893 - 1897 |
| 25 | William McKinley - William McKinley (1843-1901) | 1897 - 1901 |
| 26 | Theodore Roosevelt - Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) | 1901 - 1909 |
| 27 | William Howard Taft - William Howard Taft (1857-1930) | 1909 - 1913 |
| 28 | Woodrow (Thomas) Wilson - Woodrow (Thomas) Wilson (1856-1924) | 1913 - 1921 |
| 29 | Warren Gamaliel Harding - Warren Harding (1865-1923) | 1921 - 1923 |
| 30 | Calvin (John) Coolidge - Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933) | 1923 - 1929 |
| 31 | Herbert Clark Hoover - Herbert Hoover (1874-1964) | 1929 - 1933 |
| 32 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) | 1933 - 1945 |
| 33 | Harry S. Truman - Harry Truman (1884-1972) | 1945 - 1953 |
| 34 | Dwight (David) Eisenhower - Dwight David Eisenhower (1890-1969) | 1953 - 1961 |
| 35 | John Fitzgerald Kennedy - John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) | 1961 - 1963 |
| 36 | Lyndon Baines Johnson - Lyndon Johnson (1908-1973) | 1963 - 1969 |
| 37 | Richard Milhouse Nixon - Richard Nixon (1913-1994) | 1969 - 1974 |
| 38 | Gerald Rudolph Ford - Gerald Ford (1913-present) | 1974 - 1977 |
| 39 | Jimmy Carter - Jimmy Carter (1924-present) | 1977 - 1981 |
| 40 | Ronald Wilson Regan - Ronald Reagan (1911-2004) | 1981 - 1989 |
| 41 |
George Herbert Walker Bush - George Herbert Walker Bush (senior) (1924-to this day) |
1989 - 1993 |
| 42 |
William (Bill) Jefferson Clinton William (Bill) Jefferson Clinton (1946-to this day) |
1993 - 2001 |
| 43 | George Walker Bush - George Walker Bush Jr. (1946-present) | 2001 - 2009 |
| 44 | Barack Hussein Obama - Barack Hussein Obama (1961-present) | 2009 - present time |
Four US presidents (William Harrison, Zachary Taylor, Warren Harding and Franklin Roosevelt) have died of natural causes while in office.
Four US Presidents were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley and John F. Kennedy).
One US President was elected by the US Congress (John Quincy Adams).
One US president resigned before the end of his term (Richard Nixon).
The shortest-serving president of the United States was William Harrison, who died thirty-one days after taking the oath of office.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt served the longest time (more than twelve years) as President of the United States. Franklin Roosevelt is the only person to have been elected to the presidency of the United States four times.
Fifteen people were elected to the presidency of the United States for two consecutive terms (George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses Grant, William McKinley, Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan , Bill Clinton, George Bush and Barack Obama).
One man, Grover Cleveland, was elected to the presidency of the United States twice, but not in a row.
The current 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama, is the first African-American President of the United States.
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The North American colonies of Great Britain in 1776 finally severed their relations with the mother country. In 1783, the country was recognized as an independent state, after 6 years the American constitution came into force. In the 19th-20th centuries, 37 more states were added to the first 13 states, significantly increasing the territory of the United States. In the entire history of the country, there were 45 politicians in the presidency of the United States, four of them died in the line of duty. The first head of an independent state was George Washington, known throughout the world thanks to his portrait on the banknote of one US dollar. The current president is Donald Trump, who was elected in 2017.
The emergence of colonies in North America and their struggle for independence
The history of the development of the United States of America began after the emergence of European colonies at the beginning of the 17th century. The first permanent settlement in North America was the fort and town of Jamestown in Virginia. The main task of the colonists was to survive in the wilderness, full of wild animals and hostile Indian tribes. The settlers who came to America did so for a number of reasons:
- Fled from religious persecution;
- They hoped to develop fertile lands;
- They tried to get rich by trading, hunting and searching for gold.
The criminals hoped to escape justice by fleeing across the ocean. The foreign policy of Great Britain did not prevent the bandits from leaving Europe; moreover, the British themselves exiled the prisoners to the new colony.
The English colonies gradually grew, with each region developing in its own way:
- An agrarian society developed in the south, huge plantations were established there, and slave labor was used. Criminals who arrived from England, in accordance with government decrees, were required to work for several years along with slaves. At the end of their labor service, they were allocated a plot of land and given the opportunity to start life from a “clean slate”;
- The mid-Atlantic regions have become centers of business life. The presence of huge ports quickly enriched enterprising merchants;
- Numerous factories and manufactories were built in the northeast, using raw materials from the southern regions.
In 1756-1763, the Seven Years' War began, England was able to completely oust France from North America. The colonists in this military campaign had learned to fight with regular troops, they shed blood in the hope of gaining autonomy from Great Britain, but the government did not want to make any concessions. The American War of Independence began in 1775 and continued until 1783. In 1776, the deputies of the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of Independence, signing the final break of the American colony with the mother country and ending the era of English rule.
The 13 United States of America adopted their constitutions, which were based on common fundamental principles:
- Unified management model;
- Separation of power into legislative, executive and judicial;
- A system of checks and balances that limits all branches of government.
In 1789, 6 years after the end of the Revolutionary War, the United States held presidential elections and George Washington was elected the first President of the United States.
Civil War and Southern Reconstruction Program
The official cause for the American Civil War was the unwillingness of the planters to give freedom to the slaves. In fact, the North just needed cheap raw materials
In April 1861, the greatest civil conflict in the history of the United States broke out in the country - the war between the southern and northern states. The confrontation lasted for several years, and this was the only case in the history of the United States of America when the ruling elite was unable to resolve the conflict in a legitimate way. The southern states that formed the Confederacy were against the abolition of slavery, and the North fought for the rights of blacks.
Stages of development of the military campaign:
- In 1861 there was a 34-hour battle for Fort Sumter in Charleston Bay. Southerners took it over, forcing President Lincoln to outlaw the southern states;
- In 1861-1862, luck was on the side of the southerners. Anarchy reigned in the armies of the North, it was ruled by mediocre generals;
- In 1863, the war turned in favor of the North. This happened after the resignations of a number of generals, and also due to the ongoing naval blockade of the ports of the southern states;
- In 1865, the agrarian south, deprived of the opportunity to receive goods and ammunition from Europe, laid down its arms and capitulated.
The victory of the North led to a new domestic economic policy of the United States: it was necessary to restore the southern states, to develop industry there. A few days after the end of the war, US President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated: he was shot in the theater by Southerner John Wilkes Booth.
United States during two world wars of the 20th century
During the presidency of Thomas Woodrow Wilson, World War I broke out in Europe. Immediately after the start of the global world conflict, the US government declared its neutrality, proceeding to implement reforms to transform the army. Until 1917, the country remained neutral, at the same time playing the role of the largest trader for the warring parties. By the end of World War I, America had grown into a trading giant:
- US banks issued huge loans secured by plants and factories;
- Merchant corporations enriched themselves in record time;
- Thanks to the increase in exports, it was possible to provide jobs for its citizens and enterprises.
In 1917, the US government decided to enter the war, hoping to maximize profits and capture a number of territories. The Wilson administration had two huge problems to solve:
- How to mobilize as soon as possible;
- Ensure the smooth functioning of the economy during the war.
In 1918, the First World War ended with the defeat of Germany and its allies.
In 1929, a crisis began in the country, called the Great Depression. The election of President Roosevelt in 1933 helped to stabilize the economic situation. The Second World War gave America a chance to get out of the crisis, using the working scheme of 1914 - to declare its neutrality and trade with all participants in the military conflict.
On December 7, 1941, Japan took the first step and attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. On December 11, Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States of America. Until 1942, the US Army fought against Japan, culminating in the defeat of the Japanese fleet near Midway Island, which forever deprived the Land of the Rising Sun of a military advantage in the Pacific Ocean.
In 1943, the combined US-British fleet won the Battle of the Atlantic and carried out the landing of troops in North Africa. The first battles on land showed that the American army could not be compared with the well-trained troops of the countries of the Nazi coalition. At the same time, the Germans were forced to transfer part of the troops to the Eastern Front, where the fate of the entire Second World War was being decided. Having received technical and numerical superiority, the Americans and the British drove the Germans out of Africa.
In 1944, the Second Front was opened in Europe. The Americans and the British, seeing that the Soviet troops had almost finished off the Nazi army, hurried to intervene in the conflict in Europe. On May 8, 1945, Germany signed a surrender, but the war with Japan continued. Trying to quickly end hostilities and demonstrate their advantage to the Soviet Union, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to the end of World War II.
United States of America in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries
After the end of the war, US citizens were convinced that the time had come for the "American Century". But on the political map of the world there was another powerful superpower - the Soviet Union. In March 1947, the Truman Doctrine was proclaimed in the United States, which was the catalyst for the Cold War. The American government declared its readiness to resist the USSR, and an arms race began that lasted several decades.
In the late 1950s, a new stage in the struggle for the rights of black Americans began in the United States. In the early 1960s, mass demonstrations and protests took place throughout the country. Another problem was the Vietnam War, which provoked an unprecedented surge of youth anti-war protests.
In 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, which caused general rejoicing in the United States of America. It seemed that the “American Century” had arrived, but the government could not quickly orient itself in the new conditions. The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack revealed a new large-scale threat to the United States - international terrorism in the face of the Islamist organization Al-Qaeda.
In 2008, the financial and economic crisis occurred, which seriously affected the situation in the country:
- A number of banks declared themselves bankrupt;
- Businesses closed;
- Tens of thousands of people have lost their jobs.
This affected the 2008 election campaign, when a fierce struggle for the presidency was fought by Democrat Barack Obama and Republican John McCain. Obama won, becoming the first black president in American history.
How to become the President of the USA?
Prerequisites for a nomination for the President of the United States:
- Be a US citizen by birth. This requirement did not apply immediately after the adoption of the constitution; in those distant years, any person who was considered a citizen of the country at the time of the adoption of the constitution could become president;
- Reach the age of 35;
- Live in the country for at least 14 years.
The 22nd amendment to the constitution, adopted in 1951, spelled out one more condition: you can become president for no more than 2 terms, no matter whether in a row or with a break. Before this amendment, Franklin Roosevelt was elected 4 times in a row. There has only been one president in American history who has been elected to two terms intermittently, and that is Grover Cleveland.
The salary of the President of the United States of America is constant and unchanged throughout his term of office, for example, Obama earned $400,000 a year. The constitution strictly stipulates that the head of the country cannot receive other income from the US budget. At the same time, the president has the right to engage in journalistic activities.
Powers and Duties of the President of the United States
The head of the United States of America takes office after the inauguration procedure. By status, the president is the head of state and government, his main rights are:
- Demand from any senior official written explanations and opinions regarding the activities of departments subordinate to the official;
- Grant clemency or reprieve for crimes against the United States. This right does not apply to the impeachment of the President of the United States or high-level officials;
- Conclude international treaties after the approval of 2/3 of the senators;
- To fill vacant vacancies in Parliament between sessions. By order of the president, new congressmen are issued certificates;
- To convene extraordinary meetings of Congress in case of emergency;
- Postpone meetings of Congress if disagreements between the chambers cannot be resolved within a certain period of time. At the same time, the president is free to choose the time of new meetings;
- Appoint ambassadors, consuls, and other U.S. officials abroad;
- Give prompt and truthful information to Congress about the state of the country at a given time period;
- Receive ambassadors and other representatives of foreign countries.
The President of the United States is the Supreme Commander of the US Armed Forces.
List of all U.S. presidents by year of office
The presidents of the United States have been elected since 1789:
- 1789-1797 - George Washington. Large slave owner, one of the richest planters in Virginia. He became famous as a fighter for the rights of the colony, after the outbreak of the war for independence, he immediately joined the Continental Army, received the rank of commander in chief. During his reign, the American constitution was drafted. Re-elected for a second term, refused to run for a third time;
- 1797-1801 - John Adams. Known for being in his house during the presidential campaign, not participating in it personally. Considered the founder of the US Navy;
- 1801-1809 - Thomas Jefferson. During his administration, the American Purchase of Louisiana took place. He supported the abolition of slavery, reduced the army and navy;
- 1809-1817 - James Madison. A supporter of a tough foreign policy, he openly came into conflict with Spain and England. Forced the latter to recognize the United States at the official level after the war of 1812-1815;
- 1817-1825 - James Monroe. The former governor of Virginia, proved to be an excellent diplomat and politician, appointing a southerner and a northerner as assistants. Author of the famous Monroe Doctrine;
- 1825-1829 - John Quinsley Adams. He was elected to office by Congress, although he received fewer votes than his opponent. Managed to establish relations with Europe;
- 1829-1837 - Andrew Jackson. Abolished the Second Bank of the United States, became famous as a supporter of the eviction of the Indians;
- 1837-1841 - Martin Van Buren. He tried to separate the state treasury from the banks, but was rebuffed by Congress. Wanted to run for a second term, but was defeated in the election race;
- 1841 - William Harrison. He stayed at the post for only 30 days, died of pneumonia;
- 1841-1845 - John Tyler. Constantly fought with Congress, at the end of his reign he annexed the Republic of Texas to the USA;
- 1845-1849 - James Knox Polk. During his presidency, the country conquered New Mexico, California and forced Great Britain to cede Oregon. The US has become a major maritime power;
- 1849-1850 - Zachary Taylor. Died in 1850 from a digestive disorder, some historians believe that the president was poisoned;
- 1850-1853 - Millard Fillmore. The last President of the United States Whig Party. He tried to enlist the support of the Democrats, but this only alienated the Whigs from him;
- 1853-1857 - Franklin Pierce. The President had to resolve issues related to slavery, Indians, the presence of British traders in the United States. He advocated the aggressive expansion of the country;
- 1857-1861 - James Buchanan. He contributed to the rupture of the North and the South, because of which he was often accused of treason;
- 1861-1865 - Abraham Lincoln. A native of the people, an ardent opponent of slavery, a fighter for the rights of the black population. In 1865 he was killed;
- 1865-1869 - Andrew Johnson. He advocated the abolition of all the achievements of the Civil War, for which he almost underwent impeachment proceedings. The major event during his presidency was the Alaska Purchase;
- 1869-1877 - Ulysses Grant. Former general who insisted on equal suffrage for whites and blacks;
- 1877-1881 - Rutherford Hayes. He was able to finally reconcile the southern and northern states among themselves, restored the metal currency, fought corruption;
- 1881 - James Garfield. He sought to expand America's influence on the world stage, wanted to increase the power of the army and navy. He was shot by his former supporter, lawyer Charles Guiteau. The wound was not fatal, but the president died from inept treatment;
- 1881-1885 - Chester Arthur. Known as an uncompromising fighter against corruption, is considered the "father" of the US civil services;
- 1885-1889 - Grover Cleveland. He was a supporter of the development of free trade;
- 1889-1893 - Benjamin Harrison. Defended the voting rights of African Americans, was the last American president to wear a beard;
- 1893-1897 - Grover Cleveland;
- 1897-1901 - William McKinley. During his presidency, Cuba, the Philippines and Puerto Rico were occupied. He died at the hands of a murderer who believes that he is delivering the States from a tyrant and despot;
- 1901-1909 - Theodore Roosevelt. He became the youngest president in the history of the United States, was nicknamed "the world's policeman." In 1906 he received the Nobel Prize;
- 1909-1913 - William Taft. He was able to strengthen the role of the state in the economy, was a protege of Roosevelt;
- 1913-1921 - Woodrow Wilson. Tried to keep the country from entering the First World War;
- 1921-1923 - Warren Garden. He died of a massive heart attack, became famous as a lover of the bohemian lifestyle. There were rumors that he had been poisoned;
- 1923-1929 - Calvin Coolidge. During his reign, the United States experienced a tumultuous economic boom;
- 1929-1933 - Herbert Hoover. In 1932, he issued loans to entrepreneurs in the hope that they would work without laying off workers. Strongly opposed direct assistance to the unemployed;
- 1933-1945 - Franklin Roosevelt. The only US president to have been elected for more than 2 consecutive terms;
- 1945-1953 - Harry Truman. He unleashed the Cold War, was an active supporter of the formation of the NATO military bloc;
- 1953-1961 - Dwight Eisenhower. Finished the war in Korea, began building highways throughout the country;
- 1961-1963 - John F. Kennedy. He carried out serious reforms to eradicate racial discrimination. The assassination of US President Kennedy is still considered one of the main unsolved mysteries of the 20th century, although Lee Oswald was recognized as the official killer;
- 1963-1969 - Lyndon Johnson. Created a "Great Society", free from violence and poverty. About $1,000,000,000 has been allocated by Congress for this program;
- 1969-1974 - Richard Nixon. He became famous as a peacemaker president. Under him, relations with China improved, relations with the Soviet Union improved;
- 1974-1977 - Gerald Ford. He was a Freemason, survived two unsuccessful attempts on his life;
- 1977-1981 - Jimmy Carter. He became famous as an extraordinary politician, on the one hand, he offered Brezhnev to sign an agreement on the limitation of strategic weapons, on the other hand, he signed a decree on financing Afghan anti-communists;
- 1981-1989 Ronald Reagan. He made significant changes in the domestic politics of the United States, seriously fought crime in the country;
- 1989-1993 - George Bush Sr. He promised to bring America to a new level of development, but during his presidency, inflation increased and unemployment rose;
- 1993-2001 - Bill Clinton. The most famous American president, thanks to the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Managed to reduce inflation, but fell out of favor as a result of perjury in a sexual harassment trial;
- 2001-2009 - George Bush Jr. He was elected for two terms in a row, eventually fell out of favor due to the inability to quickly and effectively deal with the consequences of Hurricane Katrina and the economic crisis of 2007;
- 2009-2017 - Barack Obama. First black American to serve as president of the United States of America. He promised to close the prison for terrorist suspects, but it is still functioning. In 2009 he received the Nobel Prize;
- 2017-now - Donald Trump. He is the oldest sitting president to have taken office for the first time.
Some American presidents have been honored by placing their portraits on the national currency of the country:
- Washington ($1);
- Jefferson ($2, rare note);
- Lincoln ($5);
- Jackson ($20);
- Grant ($50);
- Franklin ($100).
Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton is depicted on the $10 note.
US President's Residence
The White House is the official residence of the President of the United States of America. This grandiose building has served as a home for all the heads of state, except for George Washington. The building where the presidential reception is located and the hotline is located was built in 1800. Its original name was "President's Mansion", but later it became another, more familiar to us - "White House". Anyone can write a letter to the President of the United States at the address of his official residence.
2. The President of the Russian Federation is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. In accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of state authorities.
3. The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, determines the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state.
4. The President of the Russian Federation, as head of state, represents the Russian Federation within the country and in international relations.
1. The President of the Russian Federation is elected for a term of six years by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.
2. A citizen of the Russian Federation not younger than 35 years of age who has permanently resided in the Russian Federation for at least 10 years may be elected President of the Russian Federation.
3. The same person cannot hold the office of the President of the Russian Federation for more than two consecutive terms.
4. The procedure for electing the President of the Russian Federation is determined by federal law.
1. Upon taking office, the President of the Russian Federation takes the following oath to the people:
"I swear, when exercising the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state, to faithfully serve the people."
2. The oath is taken in a solemn ceremony in the presence of members of the Federation Council, deputies of the State Duma and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.
a) appoints, with the consent of the State Duma, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation;
b) has the right to chair meetings of the Government of the Russian Federation;
c) decide on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation;
d) submit to the State Duma a candidate for appointment to the post of Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; puts before the State Duma the issue of dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
e) on the proposal of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, appoints and dismisses the Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, federal ministers;
f) submit to the Federation Council candidates for appointment as judges of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation; appoints judges of other federal courts;
f.1) submit to the Federation Council candidates for appointment to the position of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and deputies of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; submit proposals to the Federation Council on the dismissal of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and deputies of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation; appoints and dismisses prosecutors of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as other prosecutors, except for prosecutors of cities, regions and prosecutors equivalent to them;
g) forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation, the status of which is determined by federal law;
h) approve the military doctrine of the Russian Federation;
i) forms the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;
j) appoint and dismiss authorized representatives of the President of the Russian Federation;
k) appoint and dismiss the high command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
l) appoints and recalls, after consultations with the relevant committees or commissions of the chambers of the Federal Assembly, the diplomatic representatives of the Russian Federation in foreign states and international organizations.
President of Russian Federation:
a) calls elections to the State Duma in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal law;
b) dissolve the State Duma in the cases and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
c) calls a referendum in accordance with the procedure established by the federal constitutional law;
d) submit bills to the State Duma;
e) signs and promulgates federal laws;
f) addresses the Federal Assembly with annual messages on the situation in the country, on the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state.
1. The President of the Russian Federation may use conciliation procedures to resolve disagreements between state authorities of the Russian Federation and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as between state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In case of failure to reach an agreed solution, he may refer the dispute to the appropriate court.
2. The President of the Russian Federation has the right to suspend acts of the executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the event of a conflict between these acts of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws, international obligations of the Russian Federation or violation of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen until this issue is resolved by the appropriate court.
President of Russian Federation:
a) directs the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
b) negotiates and signs international treaties of the Russian Federation;
c) signs the instruments of ratification;
d) accept letters of credence and recall from diplomatic representatives accredited to him.
1. The President of the Russian Federation is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
2. In the event of aggression against the Russian Federation or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation shall introduce martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas with an immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma.
3. The regime of martial law is determined by the federal constitutional law.
The President of the Russian Federation, under the circumstances and in the manner prescribed by the federal constitutional law, introduces a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities with an immediate notification of this to the Federation Council and the State Duma.
President of Russian Federation:
a) resolves issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation and granting political asylum;
b) bestow state awards of the Russian Federation, confer honorary titles of the Russian Federation, higher military and higher special ranks;
c) grants pardon.
1. The President of the Russian Federation issues decrees and orders.
2. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation are binding on the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
3. Decrees and orders of the President of the Russian Federation must not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.
The President of the Russian Federation enjoys immunity.
1. The President of the Russian Federation begins to exercise his powers from the moment he takes the oath and terminates their exercise with the expiration of his tenure in office from the moment the newly elected President of the Russian Federation takes the oath.
2. The President of the Russian Federation terminates the exercise of his powers ahead of schedule in the event of his resignation, persistent inability for health reasons to exercise his powers, or removal from office. At the same time, the election of the President of the Russian Federation must be held no later than three months from the date of early termination of the exercise of powers.
3. In all cases when the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties, they are temporarily performed by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. The Acting President of the Russian Federation does not have the right to dissolve the State Duma, call a referendum, or make proposals for amendments and revision of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1. The President of the Russian Federation may be removed from office by the Federation Council only on the basis of an accusation brought by the State Duma of high treason or the commission of another grave crime, confirmed by the conclusion of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the presence of signs of a crime in the actions of the President of the Russian Federation and the conclusion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on compliance with the established procedure for bringing charges.
2. The decision of the State Duma to bring charges and the decision of the Federation Council to remove the President from office must be adopted by two thirds of the total number of votes in each of the chambers on the initiative of at least one third of the deputies of the State Duma and subject to the conclusion of a special commission formed by the State Duma.
3. The decision of the Federation Council to remove the President of the Russian Federation from office must be taken no later than three months after the State Duma charges against the President. If within this period the decision of the Federation Council is not adopted, the accusation against the President is considered dismissed.
The political career of Russian President Vladimir Putin began in May 1990, with his appointment as an adviser to the chairman of the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies under the leadership of Anatoly Sobchak. Already on June 12 of the same year, he became chairman of the Committee for External Relations of the Leningrad City Hall. He is responsible for attracting investments to St. Petersburg, cooperation with foreign companies and organizing joint ventures, as well as developing tourism. Putin's presidential term will begin only after 10 years, but more on that later.
Since 1993, the head of St. Petersburg, Anatoly Sobchak, during his foreign trips, began to leave Putin as a deputy in charge of the city's affairs. Already by 1994, the future president showed himself so well that it was decided to appoint him to the post of first deputy chairman of the government of St. Petersburg, while retaining the position of head of the foreign relations committee. The circle of duties and responsibilities expanded rapidly.
Since August 1996, Putin moved to Moscow at the invitation of Pavel Borodin to the position of the head of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation and two years later he was promoted to deputy head of the presidential administration, and also became the head of the Main Control Directorate, removing Alexei Kudrin from his post.
By 1998, Putin is already in charge of working with the regions. In the same year, his effective work leads to the fact that he takes the post of director of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In the spring of 1999, he received the post of Secretary of the Security Council. Less than a year remains before Putin begins his term as president of Russia.
According to sources, the first talk that Putin would become president began in early May 1999. In August 1999, Vladimir Vladimirovich became First Deputy and Acting Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. On August 9, Boris Yeltsin officially announces his successor for the first time. Conversations about the transfer of power started twice - December 14 and December 29. At first, Putin replied that he was not ready for such a decision, but later he was forced to agree, and on December 31, Boris Yeltsin announced his resignation and the complete transfer of powers to his successor.
So, the unofficial term of Vladimir Putin begins on December 31, 1999 - he holds the post of acting president of the Russian Federation. Officially, Putin's first presidential term begins on March 26, 2000, the day he won the first round of elections with 52.49% of the vote.
Putin's first and second presidential terms
Putin's first term as president stretched from 2000 right up to 2008. As mentioned above, in the first presidential election in which he participated, he won 52.49% of the vote. The elections held in 2004 were able to demonstrate that over the past four years, voters were convinced that the choice in favor of Putin was made correctly. Thus, self-nominated Putin began his second term as president with a victory of 71.31% of the Russian vote.
The next presidential elections were held in 2008, but Vladimir Putin did not participate in them; according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, he did not have the right to run for the post of head of state for the third time in a row. Instead of himself, the guarantor of the Constitution, together with the United Russia party, proposed the candidacy of Dmitry Medvedev, who won according to the results of the vote with an indicator of 70.28%. Putin also took the post of Prime Minister of Russia, where he stayed until 2012. Since 2012, the third term as head of the Russian Federation began.
Putin's third presidential term
As noted above, Vladimir Putin's third term as president began in 2012. Shortly before the elections, an amendment was made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, according to which the presidential term was increased from four to six years. That year, Putin won the election thanks to the fact that 71.31% of Russians voted for his candidacy. The United Russia party, which today is perhaps the most powerful party in modern Russia thanks to the majority of seats in the government of the Russian Federation, was responsible for Putin's nomination for the presidency.
Three years after the elections, political scientists in Russia and around the world decided to take stock of what Putin has achieved during his reign. Despite the fact that Putin's presidential terms lasted only 12 years, in general, Vladimir Vladimirovich was in power for 15 years, including four years as Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. A peculiar anniversary fell on May 7, 2015 - this very day was half of Putin's third term as president of the Russian Federation, in addition, it was on May 7, 2000 that the first inauguration of President Putin took place.
Even then, on May 7, 2015, political scientists predicted that the head of state would run again in 2018. But, as we know, at the beginning of December 2017, Vladimir Putin had not announced his intention to participate in the elections.
Some political scientists, speaking about how long Putin has as president and what results Vladimir Vladimirovich has achieved during this time as head of state, noted that such a concept as the “Putin phenomenon” has appeared in the world, which has become a personified response to the expectations of the people from authorities. As Franz Klintsevich, the first deputy head of the United Russia faction and now the first deputy chairman of the Defense and Security Committee of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, noted at the beginning of the 21st century, the “Putin phenomenon” meant the fight against oligarchic capitalism and the return of the state to the social sphere. These same factors led to Putin's victory in the presidential elections in subsequent years. At the same time, Klintsevich called the reformatting of relations between the authorities and society the leading trend of Putin's current term.
As Vladimir Slatinov, a professor at the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, noted in 2015, Putin, despite the fact that his term in power has already crossed the line of 15 years, is in excellent physical and intellectual shape, which cannot be said about those who have been in office for a long time. the helm of the board of the Soviet general secretaries. The events of a year ago - the aggravation of relations with Ukraine, the return of Crimea to the Russian Federation, anti-Russian sanctions imposed by Western countries - all this led to the fact that Putin, in his third presidential term, showed tremendous composure and great activity. After all, all of the above could shake the country, but in the end, thanks to Putin's competent policy, it led to the fact that the Russian economy only strengthened, and Russia's position in the international political arena became the agenda of many Western politicians.
Opponent of the President of the Russian Federation in political terms, leader of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov, summing up the 15th anniversary of Putin's presidential term, noted that the head of state "deployed a state ship in favor of national interests", and also began to pursue a more balanced patriotic policy that enjoys the support of the country's population . The high support of the Russians and their approval of the president's activities throughout Putin's presidential and prime ministerial terms also demonstrate the correctness of the chosen course.
| Approve | disapprove | No answer | ||
| 2017 | August | 83 | 15 | 1 |
| July | 83 | 15 | 2 | |
| June | 81 | 18 | 1 | |
| May | 81 | 18 | 1 | |
| April | 82 | 18 | 1 | |
| March | 82 | 17 | 1 | |
| February | 84 | 15 | 1 | |
| January | 85 | 14 | 1 | |
| 2016 | 82 | 18 | 1 | |
| 2015 | 83 | 17 | 1 | |
| 2014 | 84 | 15 | 1 | |
| 2013 | 63 | 36 | 1 | |
| 2012 | 63 | 35 | 2 | |
| 2011 | 68 | 30 | 2 | |
| 2010 | 78 | 20 | 2 | |
| 2009 | 82 | 16 | 2 | |
| 2008 | 83 | 15 | 2 | |
| 2007 | 82 | 16 | 1 | |
| 2006 | 78 | 21 | 1 | |
| 2005 | 70 | 27 | 3 | |
| 2004 | 68 | 30 | 3 | |
| 2003 | 74 | 23 | 3 | |
| 2002 | 76 | 20 | 5 | |
| 2001 | 74 | 19 | 7 | |
| 2000 | 65 | 26 | 10 | |
Data of public opinion polls on the activities of the President of the Russian Federation "Levada Center"
Despite the fact that today Vladimir Vladimirovich has been at the helm of the country for 17 years, not everyone knows what Putin's presidential term is now. Actually, the third one. Some Russians overlook the period when the head of state was head of government as prime minister between 2008 and 2012.
End of Putin's presidential term: what's next
As the Central Election Commission informs, the presidential elections in Russia are scheduled for March 18, 2018. The same date will be the day when the third term of Putin's presidency ends. Whether he will run again is not yet known. This question is currently one of the most burning among Russian and Western political scientists.
President of the country by secret popular vote. Until 2008, the president held office for 4 years. But during the stay of Dmitry Medvedev, this period changed and became equal to 6 years. A corresponding amendment was made to Article 81 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
When Vladimir Putin was in the highest state power for the second term, he repeatedly put forward a proposal to increase the term of the president's rule. He explained this by the fact that it is impossible to draw an objective conclusion of the president in four years, since many projects, socio-economic programs require more time to bear the first fruits from their introduction.
Putin proposed to submit for consideration an amendment to increase the term of office of the president in some European countries.
The first experience of electing a president for 6 years
Putin became in Russia, who will hold his post for 6 years, from 2012 to 2018. But before changing the term of office of the president, another amendment was made to the Constitution, which spoke about the possibility of changing the term of office of the State Duma and the president. Now the Duma will sit in the same composition not for four years, but for five.The President of the Russian Federation can be a citizen of the country living in its territory for more than 10 years. There is an age limit - a person must be at least 35 years old. The same citizen may be elected for two consecutive terms. The president is in charge of determining the foreign and domestic policy of the state.
The President of the Russian Federation is the representative of the Russian Federation within the country and abroad.