Once upon a time I was told such a story. Say, once at a meeting at the Pentagon they presented a report on the situation in Afghanistan. One of the pages of which represented the relationships in the management structure of the Al-Qaeda organization (unfortunately, I cannot find this slide on the Internet, although I Googled it 3-5 years ago). Visually, it was a completely crazy tangle of “pasta” with “cutlets” of centers and decision points. On this slide, one of the generals said: “When we understand this slide, we will defeat al-Qaeda.”
Looking at the story of the privatization of Rosneft, I did not expect a quick end. And the news is not long in coming. True, every time the details appear more and more wonderful. For example, yesterday RBC obtained absolutely sensational information, as a result of which it drew its “pasta.” “pasta”, I’ll put it next to it:
The sensation is that the acquisition deal was initially financed by VTB. Just for a week. On December 15, the loan was issued, and already on December 22, an assignment agreement (a contract for the assignment of debt to another creditor) was drawn up with... VTB and Rosneftegaz! I just don’t understand why RBC found VTB’s loan agreement with Glencore sensational, but did not find VTB’s assignment agreement with Rosneftegaz? In my opinion, this is the most “soft berry”!
Judge for yourself, we will go through the stages of RBC with my clarification:
1) First stage: Rubles are floating around accounts
a. VTB gives a loan to the Glencore structure (exclusively Glencore, Qatar joined Glencore’s Singapore subsidiary only a week later, more on this separately) secured by Gazprom shares.
b. Glencore's Singaporean subsidiary, QHG Shares Pte Ltd, paid Rosneftegaz this money for shares that were already pledged to VTB.
c. Rosneftegaz paid this money (and a little more) to the Budget of the Russian Federation.
2) Second stage: Rosneftegaz closes the circle
a. Agreement on assignment of VTR and RNG.
Do you know what happened after the assignment agreement? No one owes nothing to nobody. Provided, of course, that Rosneftegaz paid VTB rubles under the assignment agreement. This is not yet known to RBC.
Once again, pay attention! After point 2-a, we have the following picture: Rosneftegaz issued a loan to Glencore secured by shares of Rosneft, which already belong to it. That is, the shares did not leave the ownership of RNG. One could assume that the Glencore subsidiary (which became a joint venture with Qatar), at least nominally, is the owner of the shares. But! We remember that the Government, in a separate secret clause of the Resolution, introduced a requirement for the future owner of shares to vote only in solidarity with the state. You may ask, what is the point of such an “investment”? Good question, to which I have only one answer - dividends. If they will.
That is, if earlier there were some hopes that the ownership right, at least nominally, had changed (even in favor of the official Sechin), now there is not even any doubt left that all the movements were made for appearances, and the stake was never stayed with RNG. This is without regard to how one might treat the predatory bureaucratic privatization of state assets, or the bank credit scheme of purchase for rubles, when sales for foreign currency were required.
Yes, one more fact. It was explained to us in December that loans to GIK (a joint venture between Glencore and Qatar) were given on a non-recourse basis. Taking into account the new information, it turns out that there is no “regression” towards VTB either. Now all the “regression” is with Rosneftegaz.
Point 100 level:
Rosneftegaz issued a loan for the purchase of a block of shares from its loved one without the right of claim against the buyer, while simultaneously receiving these sold shares as collateral. Or should “sold” be put in quotes? He must turn to himself for reimbursement of the loan...
So, we found out that we already got everything, so why is there a third stage in the diagram? For visibility?!? By the way, there is still a lot of fog with him. Intesa, they say, gave 5.2 billion euros. And QHG Shares Pte Ltd (Singapore) is said to have paid 10.5 billion euros to Rosneftegaz. But it doesn’t owe Rosneftegaz anything, so why does RBC think that QHG Shares Pte Ltd (Singapore) was “paying off the debt”, they already have “pasta” number 2? Not to mention the above...
That's not all! Remember that the loan was issued against shares? The assignment implies the transfer of the collateral to a new creditor - RNG. But from the commercial registers of Singapore and Britain it turns out that QHG Shares Pte Ltd (Singapore) on January 3 transferred Rosneft shares to the Russian subsidiary of Intesa... as collateral for a loan from Intesa Sanpaolo (Italy) in the amount of 5.2 billion euros. Once again, a package valued at 10.5 billion euros is used as collateral for a loan of almost two times less (they write that now this package is even worth 11.7 billion euros). It turns out that the package has already been pledged twice? Are there any violations here? I’m already silent that they took out a loan twice for the same deal!…
Okay, let's step aside. Have you lost the thread yet? I’ll throw you some more “pasta”...
According to RBC research, three companies were registered on December 5, 2016 (...Pte LLP): QHG Tradings, QHG Holding and QHG Investment. If I understand RBC correctly,
· QHG Tradings as the owner of Glencore Energy UK itself (or its subsidiary)
· QHG Holding - Glencore Energy UK and unknown QHG Cayman (Cayman Islands)
· QHG Investment - QHG Holding (that is, two shareholders, see above)
As we remember, QHG Shares received the loan on December 15th. December 22 – assignment agreement. And at the end of December, the Qatari Fund became their owners. The ownership structure (shares) is not known, although it is stated that in QHG Shares, of course, Glencore and Qatar have parity, that is, 50% each. It is curious that for this parity, Qatar entered both as a partner of QHG Investment and as a partner of its partner, this QHG Investment - QHG Holding.
QHG Tradings does not appear anywhere in the scheme, except for Rosneft documents in connection with the agreement to supply this company with oil and petroleum products, doubling the flow of petroleum products sales through Glencore. It seems that this is the only obvious interest of one of the buyers; there is no more interest, just as Qatar has no interest.
Without a doubt, when we understand this slide, we will defeat Rosneft...
When I worked as a teacher at a university, I periodically watched student presentations. The topics were the most useful, the material the most exciting. But the presentations worked terrible.
Despite the fact that presentations are included in school curricula and are done in almost all subjects (in all universities in the country), a good student presentation is worth its weight in gold. My attempts to improve the situation were not always successful - in the educational program in a foreign language there is no separate time to examine this important but difficult topic. So, time and again, I was killed by size 12 Comic Sans text on an acid green slide. Again and again I watched how this text was read out and then a clipart man flew out in a spiral.
This problem was described by Alexey Kapterev in his famous presentation “Death through Power Point (and how to escape from it)”. It was the first time I saw it in English and I really liked it. As do several million Slideshare users. Then I became interested in the man who created this hit.
Wherever the author was mentioned, it was about this presentation and the book “Presentation mastery. How to create presentations that can change the world". The book also attracted attention because it was published in English for the first time and earned recognition in the Western market. But the topic of presentations and “selling ideas” has always been considered the “trump card” of Western specialists - businessmen, their trainers and designers. In general, all these facts added up to intrigue, and curiosity made me buy the book.
General impression
The original title of the work is “Presentation Secrets. Do What You Never Thought Possible with Your Presentations” - literally “Secrets of presentation. Do with your presentations what you always thought was impossible.” (A heroic, ambitious and immodest title in an American way, it seems to me). As you can see, the translation of the Russian version has been slightly changed, but this “swing” towards globality has been preserved. I agree with the author, because I also believe that the ability to convey an idea helps to do the impossible and solve the biggest problems. There are many historical examples of this.pros
1. The book is easy to read because it resembles a conversation or, rather, a dialogue-presentation. Alexey Kapterev poses questions and answers them, offers tasks to complete, and makes jokes. Therefore, 330 pages of the book are read somehow quickly.
2. During the reading process there is involvement in activities. Quite unexpectedly, I watched the four-hour film that is discussed in the chapter on storytelling. I watched the most popular presentations in the world, which were written about in the work. Visited several interesting sites. This is all organically woven into the narrative, which allows you to compare this book with a full-fledged training or several live classes.
3. Excellent in the text theory and practice are combined. The work is devoted, first of all, to practical skills and specific “working” tools. But to prove their effectiveness, the author uses scientific facts and the results of modern research. Therefore, all the formulated rules and principles are convincing.
Minuses
1. Some rules and principles are idealized. Unfortunately, not all the principles described in the book work in Russian reality. I had to give presentations to an audience of officials, and “American” friendliness and openness were perceived, rather, as stupidity and uncertainty.
In the minds of many Russians, the ideal speaker is not the way Western authors portray him. Arrogant, tyrannical, not necessarily highly intelligent, not necessarily saying the right (or honest) things, most importantly rich and/or influential.
I have seen wonderful presentations by passionate, persuasive, sincere experts who were not perceived by the audience. And I saw incompetent speakers who could not put two words together, and the audience laughed at unfunny jokes, nodded at vague statements and sincerely clapped at the end of the presentation.
My observations (including the behavior of students) showed that “civilized” rules work in a classroom with “advanced” spectators. Perhaps, for a Russian-language publication, a note is needed that some of the rules outlined are an ideal to which you should try to “reach” your viewers (or educate them within the framework of these principles).
2. Alexey Kapterev underestimates the role of memory in the presentation. He writes that memory in the modern world is increasingly rudimentary, because... there is constant access to the network - a repository of memories. The only thing you need to strive for is impact - you need to inspire your audience to take action and change. In education, it is impossible to inspire students to achieve great things every day. This threatens the teacher’s emotional burnout and the student’s feeling that he does not have to remember anything and does not have to work constantly. Motivation without awareness of the need to strain memory turns learning into entertainment.
What students really need to be convinced of is that they need to work on themselves, develop, and make conscious efforts to do this. But then you need to shift the focus to the specific content of the work.
Book structure
The logic of presentation deserves special mention - it is superbly thought out. On page 314 there is a 3 x 3 table summarizing the book's contents - nine critical ideas regarding focus, contrast and unity of story, slides and presentation. The “skeleton” of the principles of high-quality presentation constituted the content. This structure helps to remember the essence and understand the connection of chapters and parts with each other.
After each chapter there is summary- this is very convenient, because... In a few seconds, you can refresh your memory of the contents of the chapter and use the book as a textbook or practical guide.
How to tell stories (chapter on storytelling)
At the heart of every good presentation is a good story (or several). Storytelling is the ability to arrange the necessary facts in sequence and connect them with each other and with the purpose of the speech (the principle of unity).- the minimum goal is for people to see you heard,
- next goal - remember,
- next - actions (let's go and done what you told them)
- and the goal is maximum - have become better, changed, conquered the problem, as you showed them.
The story - the skeleton of the presentation - should appeal to the emotions of the listeners, “hook to the living.” To do this, the story must have conflict (principle of contrast).
Eat 4 types of conflicts in storytelling:
- With myself(the hero has unresolved internal problems that are expressed externally),
- With another person/company(comparing values or achievements, demonstrating the advantages of your hero),
- With the dominant paradigm(an outsider hero who challenges such a large competitor or inviolable stereotypes, the myth of David and Goliath),
- With external forces(nature, fate, human capabilities, economics and other forces that must have some kind of external expression and not be abstract).
- Recognizability (compare something new with something known, for example, a new MacBook Air fits in a regular document envelope).
- The birth of emotions (death, sex, politics, religion).
- May be obvious (without the jacket, "Jimmy two jackets" would be regular Jimmy).
- Avoidance of unpredictable associations when making comparisons (for example, religious topics can give rise to a variety of associations, negative ones should be avoided).
To organize information you can use list, but no more than 4 items- this is the limit of our short-term memory, according to researchers.
- a unifying metaphorical image,
- alphabet (acronyms, letters of a list form a word),
- sequence of events
- hierarchy,
- categories (some kind of unifying feature).
What you need for good slide design (chapter two)
In slide design, the author adheres to the ideas of G. Reynolds (the Zen of presentation), Edward Tufte (design is not “decoration,” but meaning), J. Zelazny and other recognized “classics of the genre.”When designing slides, you should focus on sense presentation, its goals ( principle of focus). Viewers should not have a choice of what to look at, the design and presentation should clearly point to the main point in every idea and on every slide.
The meaning is gradually revealed in history, in visual conflict, comparisons ( principle of contrast). To highlight and emphasize the main thing, a good slide needs contrast- in colors, font, shapes, diagrams.
When discussing fonts, Alexey Kapterev formulates an excellent rule:
a sophisticated, complex font is good for memorization, while a light, simple font is good for a call to action.That is, the audience will better remember an idea written in a complex font, but will do it faster and more willingly if it is written in a simple font.
This rule applies not only to fonts.
If your call to action slide is visually complex, your audience will be more likely to remember it, but less likely to take on the task.The idea that diagrams must be “alive”, they must contain drama, action, dynamics:
Most good diagrams either move something somewhere or compare something to something.And the third principle - unity- is that everything unnecessary must be mercilessly removed from slides. An intricate, busy slide will “eat up” the audience’s precious attention and presentation time.
How to give presentations in public (chapter on persuading people)
In the third chapter, Alexey Kapterev shares the secrets of public speaking: how to behave in public, keep attention, answer questions, etc.To focus in an audience (especially if there are a lot of people), you need two things:
- Know the content of your presentation
- Look at individual people in the room, communicate with them (not “broadcast” into the void, abstractly).
Two excellent, effective, (tested on students) reception ridicule, helping to motivate people to action:
- change of context (a vice characteristic of the audience is attributed to another group and ridiculed; the audience laughs, condemns as if someone else’s trait or behavior, but works on themselves).
- criticism with great exaggeration (seven deadly sins of presentation).
Even though you are in the position of a teacher, be willing to learn. If you don't want to learn, no one here will want to.Students asked: “Why do we need to make presentations at the university? They won’t be useful to us in our work!” But this question has never puzzled me. I answered approximately as the presentation master Alexey Kapterev says in the book, which I advise everyone who speaks in front of the public to read.
Retrospective of all versions " Death via PowerPoint"(Death by PowerPoint). The best presentation about presentations, which clearly shows how to avoid mistakes when creating a presentation.
Alexey Kapterev will tell you how not to make presentations =)
In the wake of Deaths:
- Personal blog of Alexey Kapterev, where is he (thecroaker.livejournal.com)
- Corporate cultures of using presentations (ailev.livejournal.com)
- Here you can download the PDF: (pdf: realtimestrategy.ru)
- 1. Death through PowerPoint (and how to escape from it) Alexey Kapterev
- 2. There are 300 million PowerPoint users worldwide* *estimate
- 3. They make 30 million presentations every day* *estimate
- 4. About a million presentations are going on right now* * estimate
- 5. 50% of them are unbearable * * conservative estimate
- 6. A LOT of people execute each other with bad presentations. NOW.
- 7. They are all DEAD! Almost.
- 8. Vicious circle Poor presentations Problems in communication Little training Problems in relationships Little Little money contracts
- 9. Let's make the world a better place.
- 10. Why are they doing this?!
- 11. What Science Says: PowerPoint doesn’t kill people People kill people Unintentionally But regularly
- 12. Due to lack of: Meaning Structure Slides Rehearsal
- 13. Meaning
- 14. Why are you performing? To “get the word out”? l Because “you have to speak”? l Or for the sake of meaning? l
- 15. What is the point of your speech and why is it important to you?
- 16. How Presentations Work: Meaning creates passion Passion attracts attention Attention turns into action
- 17. Do you have a passion? Test yourself.
- 18. This is passion.
- 19. This is passion.
- 20. This is passion.
- 21. This is not.
- 22. Can't find the meaning? Decline.
- 23. Structure
- 24. Structure is how the building blocks of your story are laid out.
- 25. Q: Which structure should I choose? A: Any, if it is Convincing Memorable Scalable
- 26. Structure options Problem – Path – Result Problem – Solution – Arguments Something more complex (meaningful)
- 27. Give them 3-4 arguments in favor. They won’t remember more anyway.
- 28. ) Bright beginning 1 Details... 1 argument 2 Details... 3 Details... 45 1 Details... 2 argument 2 Details... minutes 3 Details... 1 Details... 3 argument 2 Details ... 3 Details... Bright ending
- 29. It's told... l In 5 minutes l In 15 minutes l In 45 minutes It's scalable.
- 30. Slides
- 31. Everything should be done as simply as possible, but not as simple as shelling pears.
- 32. However, making slides simply is not that easy. Here are some examples.
- 33. A cross between a slide and a document is called a “slide document”.
- 34. Mm... beautiful backing.
- 35. Wow, DATA!
- 36. This is my favorite.
- 37. Main problem?
- 38. PowerPoint helps you: Visualize ideas Create anchor points Make an impression
- 39. It is used as: Subtitles “Printouts” Data Dump
- 40. People read faster than you. You are useless.
- 41. How much does a new slide cost? 0.00. Zero rubles. Break it down. It's free.
- 42. What are you going to say? One thing? Now remove the rest.
- 43. Some are just hopeless.
- 44. Stupid “rules” l Remember the rule: l 7 or less lines per slide l 7 or fewer words per line? l This stupid “rule” l If you follow it l You will get a slide like this
- 45. Stupid “rules”! l Remember the rule: O H l 7 or less lines per slide H l 7 or fewer words per line? U K l This stupid “rule” S l If you follow it l You’ll get a slide like this
- 46. Simple Rules One thought per slide Few colors chosen Very few fonts Photo, not clipart
- 47. Less text. More images. Vivid images.
- 48. But what if I need to send or give away slides?
- 49. Write a document
- 50. The Largest Leasing Companies Hansa Leasing RG Leasing Avangard-Leasing Raiffeisen Leasing IMB-Leasing Make 2 sets of slides
- 51. Use notes
- 52. Briefly inform * * you can!
- 53. Rehearsal
- 54. There are always problems at the beginning with a presentation. Believe me.
- 55. YOU PRESENTATION AUDIENCE Feedback. Look for her.
- 56. No one to tell? Tell the chair. But out loud.
- 57. Check the hall and equipment. In advance.
- 58. Checklist
- 59. And as a result...
- 60. Wow* *great presentations
- 61. Alexey Kapterev Presentation coaching and design [email protected] www.realtimestrategy.ru
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