“Nekrasov is the same as
if only there was such a man with huge
abilities, with Russians, peasants
chest pain, which would take this way
and described his Russian insides and showed
I wish it to my fellow men:
“Look at yourself!”
(Pravda newspaper, October 1, 1913)
All his life he carried N.A. Nekrasov's idea for a work that would become a people's book, i.e. a book “useful, understandable to the people and truthful,” reflecting the most important aspects of his life. “Basically,” he accumulated material for this book for 20 years, and then worked on the text of the work for 14 years. The result of this colossal work was this epic poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
The broad social panorama unfolded in it, the truthful depiction of peasant life, begin to occupy a dominant place in this work. The individual plot-independent parts and chapters of the epic are connected by the internal unity of the poem - the depiction of the life of the people.
From the first chapter of the first part, the study of the main life force of Russia - the people - begins. It was the desire to depict all of folk Rus' that drew the poet to such paintings where a mass of people could be gathered. It appears especially fully in the chapter “Country Fair”.
Strangers came to the square:
There are a lot of different goods
And apparently-invisibly
To the people! Isn't it fun?
With great skill, Nekrasov conveys the flavor of Russian festivities. There is a feeling of direct participation in this holiday, as if you are walking among a motley crowd and absorbing the atmosphere of universal joy and celebration. Everything around is moving, making noise, screaming, playing.
Here is an episode that confirms ideas about the moral strength and beauty of the people's character. The peasants are happy with the act of Veretennikov, who gave boots to Vavila’s granddaughter:
But other peasants
So they were consoled
So happy, as if everyone
He gave it in rubles!
Pictures of folk life are not only fun, joy, celebration, but also its dark, unsightly, “ugly” side. The fun turned to drunkenness.
Crawled, lay, rode,
The drunks were floundering,
And there was a groan!
The road is crowded
What later is uglier:
More and more often they come across
Beaten, crawling,
Lying in a layer.
The man who “thought about the axe” “got drunk,” and the “quiet” guy who buried a new shirt in the ground, and the “old,” “drunken woman.” Statements from the crowd indicate darkness, ignorance, patience and humility of the people.
The peasant world appears extremely naked in all its intoxicated frankness and spontaneity. It seems that the successive words, phrases, rapid dialogues and shouts are random and incoherent.
But among them, sharp political remarks are discernible, testifying to the desire and ability of the peasants to comprehend their situation.
You are good, royal letter,
Yes, you are not writing about us...
And here is a picture of collective labor - “fun mowing”. She is imbued with a festive and bright feeling:
There are tons of people! There are white people
Women's shirts are colorful
Men's shirts
Yes voices, yes tinkling
Agile braids...
The joy of work is felt in everything: “the grass is tall,” “the scythes are nimble,” “the mowing is fun.”
kanye
Agile braids...
The joy of work is felt in everything: “the grass is tall,” “the scythes are nimble,” “the mowing is fun.” The picture of mowing gives rise to the idea of inspired work, capable of repeating miracles:
Haymaking swings
They go in the correct order:
All brought in at once
The braids flashed and clinked...
In the chapter “Happy” Nekrasov showed the people as “the world”, i.e. as something organized, conscious, with the power of which neither the merchant Altynnikov nor the crooked clerks can compete (“Cunning clerks are strong, but their world is stronger, the merchant Altynnikov is rich, but he still cannot resist the world’s treasury”).
The people win through organized action in the economic struggle and actively behave (even more spontaneously, but still more decisively) in the political struggle. In this chapter of the poem, the writer told how “how the patrimony of the landowner Obrubkov rebelled in the Frightened province, Nedykhanev district, and the village of Stolbnyaki...”. And in the next chapter (“The Landowner”) the poet will once again say ironically for the “quick-witted” people: “A village somewhere must have rebelled in an excess of gratitude!”
Nekrasov continues to recreate the collective image of the hero. This is achieved, first of all, by the masterful depiction of folk scenes. The artist does not dwell long on showing individual types of the peasant masses.
The growth of peasant consciousness is now revealed in historical, social, everyday, and psychological terms.
It must be said about the contradictory soul of the people. Among the mass of peasants there is an old woman, “pockmarked, one-eyed”, who sees happiness in the turnip harvest, a “soldier with medals”, happy that he was not killed in battle, a servant of Prince Peremetyev, proud of gout - a noble disease. Wanderers, seekers of happiness, listen to everyone, and the bulk of the people become the supreme judge.
As he judges, for example, the courtyard prince Peremetyev. The impudence and arrogance of the lackey-sycophant arouses the contempt of the men; they drive him away from the bucket from which they serve the “happy” at the village fair. It is impossible to lose sight of the fact that Peremetyev’s “beloved slave” once again flashes among the pictures of a drunken night. He is flogged for theft.
Where he is caught, here is his judgment:
About three dozen judges came together,
We decided to give a spoonful,
And everyone gave a vine.
It is no coincidence that this is said after the scenes of people’s trust are depicted: Yermil Girin is given money to buy a mill without receipts, and in the same way - to be honest - he returns it. This contrast suggests the moral health of the mass of the peasantry, the strength of their moral rules even in an atmosphere of serfdom.
The image of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna occupies a large and special place in the poem. The story about the lot of this heroine is a story about the lot of Russian women in general. Talking about her marriage, Matryona Timofeevna talks about the marriage of any peasant woman, about all the great multitudes of them. Nekrasov managed to combine the heroine’s private life with mass life, without identifying them. Nekrasov always sought to expand the meaning of the heroine’s image, as if to embrace as many women’s destinies as possible.
women's destinies. This is achieved by interweaving folk songs and lamentations into the text. They reflect the most characteristic features of folk life.
Songs and lamentations are a small fraction of the artistic originality of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Writing about the people, writing for the people can only be done according to the laws of folk poetry. And the point is not that Nekrasov turned to folklore, using the vocabulary, rhythm and images of folk art. In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” first of all, the folk theme is revealed - the people’s search for the path to happiness. And this theme is affirmed by Nekrasov as the leading one, determining the people’s movement forward.
Behind numerous pictures of people's life there emerges the image of Russia, that “poor and abundant, downtrodden and omnipotent...” country. Patriotic feeling, heartfelt love for the homeland and people fills the poem with that inner burning, that lyrical warmth that warms its harsh and truthful epic narrative.
The idea of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is dictated by life itself. N.A. Nekrasov keenly felt the “sick” issues of his time. This prompted the poet to create a folk book.
Nekrasov devoted many years of tireless work to the poem. In it, he sought to give the reader as complete information as possible about the Russian people, about the processes that took place in the life of the peasantry after the reform of 1861.
The position of the people is clearly depicted already at the beginning of the poem by the names of the places where the truth-seeking peasants come from. They are “temporarily obliged”, “To the pulled up province, Terpigorev district, Pustoporozhnaya volost, from adjacent villages - Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Razutova, Znobilina, Gorelova, Neelova, Neurozhaika, etc.” Wandering, the men pass through the Frightened, Shot and Illiterate provinces. These names speak for themselves.
Many pages of the poem depict the powerless, joyless life of the people. The villages are “unenviable villages, every hut has a support, like a beggar with a crutch...” The peasants have meager supplies, the peasants’ fields have poor growth, so entire villages go “begging” in the fall.
Pictures of folk life are depicted in the songs “Hungry”, “Corvee”, “Soldier’s”, “Veselaya”, “Salty”.
This is how a pre-reform man is shown in one of the songs:
Kalinushka is poor and unkempt,
He has nothing to show off,
Only the back is painted,
You don't know behind your shirt.
From bast shoes to gate
The skin is all ripped open
The belly swells with chaff,
Twisted, twisted,
Flogged, tormented
Kalina barely wanders...
The reform of 1861 did not improve the situation of the people, and it is not without reason that the peasants say about it:
You are good, royal letter,
Yes, you are not writing about us.
As before, the peasants are people who “didn’t eat enough and slurped without salt.” The only thing that has changed is that now, instead of the master, they will be torn by the volost.
The peasant world appears extremely naked, in all its intoxicated frankness and spontaneity in the chapter “Drunken Night”. An unusual “drunk” night loosens tongues:
The hundred-voice road
It's buzzing! That the sea is blue
Falls silent rises
Popular rumor.
Almost every line is a plot, a character. The chapter, in my opinion, contains many stories. Isn’t it an accurate picture of the wild despotism of family life that emerges from a quarrel between two women:
My eldest brother-in-law broke my rib,
The middle son-in-law stole the ball,
A ball is a spit, but that's the thing
Fifty dollars was wrapped in it,
And the younger son-in-law keeps taking the knife,
Look, he'll kill him, he'll kill him...
Isn’t the fate of the woman Daryushka clear from a few phrases, although there is no story about her:
– You’ve become worse, Daryushka!
Not a spindle, friend!
That's what the more it spins,
It's getting potbellied
And I’m like every day...
It was the desire to show all of folk Rus' that attracted Nekrasov to such a picture where a mass of people could be gathered. This is how the chapter “Rural Fair” appeared. A lot of time has passed. And so in the summer the wanderers came to the “fair”, which brought many people together. This is a folk festival, a mass holiday:
He makes noise, sings, swears,
Swaying, lying around.
Fights and kisses
People are celebrating.
All around is colorful, red, shirts full of flowers, red dresses, braids with ribbons6 “The spring sun is playing, funny, loud, festive.”
But among the people there is a lot that is dark, unsightly and ugly:
All along that path
And along the roundabout paths,
As long as the eye could catch it,
Crawled, lay, rode,
Drunk people floundering...
The Peasant World at the Country Fair ends with the story of Yakima Nag. He is not talking about the fair’s visitors, but about the whole world of workers. Yakim does not agree with his master Pavlusha Veretennikov, but expresses his peasant feeling:
Wait, empty head!
Crazy unscrupulous news
Don't talk about us!
Defending the feeling of labor peasant pride, Yakim also sees social injustice in relation to the working peasantry:
You work alone
And the work is almost over
Look, there are three shareholders standing:
God, king and lord!
For Nekrasov, the Russian woman has always been the main bearer of life, a symbol of national existence. That is why the poet paid so much attention to the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. She talks about her life herself. The personal fate of the heroine expands to the limits of all-Russian ones. She experienced everything and visited all the states that a Russian woman could experience.
Nekrasovskaya peasant woman - unbroken by trials, she survived. So, in the poem, folk life is revealed in a wide variety of manifestations. For the poet, the man is great in everything: in his slavish patience, in his centuries-old suffering, in sins, in revelry.
Before Nekrasov, many portrayed the people. He was able to notice the hidden strength of the people and say loudly: “An innumerable army is rising.” He believed in the awakening of the people.
I dedicated the lyre to my people.
ON THE. Nekrasov
Poem by N.A. Nekrasov’s “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was created over more than ten years (1863-1876). The main problem that interested the poet was the situation of the people, the Russians, under serfdom and after “liberation.” On the essence of the royal manifesto N.A. Nekrasov speaks in the words of the people: “You are kind, tsar’s letter, but you were not written about us.” Pictures of folk life are written with epic breadth, and this gives the right to call the poem an encyclopedia of Russian life of that time.
Drawing numerous images of peasants and different characters, the author divides the heroes into two camps: slaves and fighters. Already in the prologue we meet the truth-seeking peasants. They live in villages with characteristic names: Zaplatovo, Dyryavino, Razutovo, Znobishino, Gorelovo, Neelovo, Neurozhaika. The purpose of their journey is to find a happy person in Rus'. While traveling, peasants meet different people. Having listened to the priest’s story about his “happiness”, having received advice to find out about the landowner’s happiness, the peasants say:
We know them!
Truth-seekers are not satisfied with the “noble” word, they need the “Christian word”:
Give me your Christian word!
Noblesse with abuse,
With a push and a punch,
This is of no use to us!
Truth-seekers are hardworking and always strive to help others. Having heard from a peasant woman that there are not enough workers to harvest the grain on time, the men suggest:
What are we doing, godfather?
Bring on the sickles! All seven
How will we be tomorrow - by evening
We will burn all your rye!
They also willingly help the peasants of the Illiterate Province mow the grass.
Nekrasov most fully reveals the images of peasant fighters who do not grovel before their masters and do not resign themselves to their slave position.
Yakim Nagoy from the village of Bosovo lives in terrible poverty. He works himself to death, saving himself under the harrow from the heat and rain.
The chest is sunken; as if pressed in
Stomach; at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground...
Reading the description of the peasant’s appearance, we understand that Yakim, having toiled all his life on a gray, barren piece of land, had himself become like the earth. Yakim admits that most of his labor is appropriated by “shareholders” who do not work, but live on the labors of peasants like him: You work alone, And as soon as the work is over, Look, there are three shares standing: God, the Tsar and the Master!
All his long life, Yakim worked, experienced many hardships, went hungry, went to prison, and, “like a piece of velcro, he returned to his homeland.” But still he finds the strength to create at least some kind of life, some kind of beauty. Yakim decorates his hut with pictures, loves apt words, his speech is full of proverbs and sayings. Yakim is the image of a new type of peasant, a rural proletarian who has been in the latrine industry. And his voice is the voice of the most advanced peasants:
Every peasant
Soul, like a black cloud -
Angry, menacing, and it should be
Thunder will roar from there,
It's raining bloody...
The poet treats his hero Yermil Girin, the village elder, fair, honest, intelligent, with great sympathy, who, according to the peasants,
In seven years the world's penny
I didn’t squeeze it under my nail,
At the age of seven I didn’t touch the right one,
He did not allow the guilty
I didn’t bend my heart.
Only once did Yermil act dishonestly, giving the old woman Vlasyevna’s son to the army instead of his brother. Repenting, he tried to hang himself. According to the peasants, Yermil had everything for happiness: peace, money, honor, but his honor was special, not bought “neither money nor fear: strict truth, intelligence and kindness.”
The people, defending the worldly cause, help Yermil save the mill in difficult times and show exceptional trust in him. This act confirms the ability of the people to act together, in peace.
And Yermil, not afraid of the prison, took the side of the peasants when “the estate of the landowner Obrubkov rebelled.” Ermil Girin is a defender of peasant interests.
The next and most striking image in this series is Savely, the Holy Russian hero, a fighter for the people's cause. In his youth, like all peasants, he endured cruel bullying for a long time from the landowner Shalashnikov and his manager. But Savely cannot accept such an order, and he rebels along with other peasants, he buried the German Vogel in the ground alive. Savely received “twenty years of strict hard labor, twenty years of imprisonment” for this. Returning as an old man to his native village, he retained his good spirits and hatred of his oppressors. “Branded, but not a slave!” - he says about himself. Until old age Savely retained a clear mind, warmth, and responsiveness. In the poem he is shown as the people's avenger:
...Our axes
They lay there for the time being!
He speaks contemptuously about passive peasants, calling them “dead... lost.”
Nekrasov calls Saveliy a Holy Russian hero, emphasizing his heroic character, and also compares him with the folk hero Ivan Susanin. The image of Savely personifies the people's desire for freedom.
This image is given in the same chapter with the image of Matryona Timofeevna not by chance. The poet shows together two heroic Russian characters. Matryona Timofeevna goes through many trials. In her parents' house she lived freely and cheerfully, and after marriage she had to work like a slave, endure the reproaches of her husband's relatives, and her husband's beatings. She found joy only in work and children. She had a hard time with the death of her son Demushka, the year of hunger, and beggary. But in difficult moments, she showed firmness and perseverance: she worked for the release of her husband, who was illegally taken as a soldier, and even went to the governor himself. She stood up for Fedotushka when they wanted to punish him with rods. Rebellious, determined, she is always ready to defend her rights, and this brings her closer to Savely. Having told the wanderers about her difficult life, she says that “it’s not a matter of looking for a happy one among women.” In the chapter entitled “The Woman’s Parable,” the peasant woman talks about women’s lot:
The keys to women's happiness,
From our free will
Abandoned, lost
From God himself.
But Nekrasov is sure that the “keys” must be found. The peasant woman will wait and achieve happiness. The poet speaks about this in one of Grisha Dobrosklonov’s songs:
You are still a slave in the family,
But the mother of a free son!
Nekrasov with a special feeling created images of truth-seekers, boards, in which the strength of the people and the will to fight the oppressors were expressed. However, the poet could not help but turn to the dark sides of the life of the peasantry. The poem depicts peasants who have become accustomed to their slave status. In the chapter “Happy,” the truth-seeking peasants meet a courtyard man who considers himself happy because he was the beloved slave of Prince Peremetyev. The courtyard is proud that his daughter, together with the young lady, “studied French and all sorts of languages; she was allowed to sit down in the presence of the princess.” And the servant himself stood behind the chair of His Serene Highness for thirty years, licking the plates after him and finishing off the remnants of overseas wines. He is proud of his “closeness” to the masters and his “honorable” disease - gout. Simple freedom-loving peasants laugh at the slave who looks down on his fellow men, not understanding the baseness of his lackey position. Prince Utyatin’s servant Ipat did not even believe that “freedom” had been declared to the peasants:
And I am the Utyatin princes
Serf - and that's the whole story!
From childhood until old age, the master mocked his slave Ipag in every possible way. The footman took all this for granted:
...ransomed
Me, the latter's slave,
In winter in the ice hole!
How wonderful!
Two ice holes:
He will lower you into one in a net,
In another moment he will pull out -
And he’ll bring you some vodka.
Ipat could not forget the master’s “mercies”: the fact that after swimming in the ice hole the prince would “bring some vodka”, then he would sit “next to the unworthy person with his princely person.”
A submissive slave is also an “exemplary slave - the faithful Yakov.” He served under the cruel Mr. Polivanov, who “in the teeth of an exemplary slave... casually blew his heel.” Despite such treatment, the faithful slave took care of and pleased the master until his old age. The landowner cruelly offended his faithful servant by recruiting his beloved nephew Grisha. Yakov “made a fool”: first he “drank the dead man”, and then he drove the master into a remote forest ravine and hanged himself on a pine tree above his head. The poet condemns such manifestations of protest as well as servile submission.
Nekrasov speaks with indignation about such traitors to the people's cause as the elder Gleb. He, bribed by the heir, destroyed the “freedom” given to the peasants before his death by the old master-admiral, thereby “for tens of years, until recently, the villain secured eight thousand souls.”
To characterize the serf peasants, deprived of self-esteem, the poet finds contemptuous words: slave, serf, dog, Judas. Nekrasov concludes the characteristics with a typical generalization:
People of servile rank -
Real dogs sometimes:
The heavier the punishment,
That's why gentlemen are dearer to them.
Creating different types of peasants, Nekrasov argues: there are no happy ones among them, the peasants, even after the abolition of serfdom, are still destitute and bloodless, only the forms of oppression have changed. But among the peasants there are people capable of conscious, active protest. And therefore the poet believes that in the future there will be a good life in Rus':
More to the Russian people
No limits set:
There is a wide path before him.
“Nekrasov is the same as
If only there was such a man with huge
Abilities, with Russians, peasants
Pain in the chest, which would take this way
And he described his Russian insides and showed
To his brother men:
“Look at yourself!”
(Pravda newspaper, October 1, 1913)
All his life N.A. Nekrasov nurtured the idea of a work that would become a people's book, that is, a book “useful, understandable to the people and truthful,” reflecting the most important aspects of his life. “By word of mouth” he accumulated for 20 years
He is the material for this book, and then worked on the text of the work for 14 years. The result of this colossal work was this epic poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”
The broad social panorama unfolded in it, the truthful depiction of peasant life, begin to occupy a dominant place in this work. The individual plot-independent parts and chapters of the epic are connected by the internal unity of the poem - the depiction of the life of the people.
From the first chapter of the first part, the study of the main life force of Russia - the people - begins. It was the desire to depict all of folk Rus' that drew the poet to such paintings where a mass of people could be gathered. It appears especially fully in the chapter “Country Fair”.
Strangers came to the square:
There are a lot of different goods
And apparently-invisibly
To the people! Isn't it fun?
With great skill, Nekrasov conveys the flavor of Russian festivities. There is a feeling of direct participation in this holiday, as if you are walking among a motley crowd and absorbing the atmosphere of universal joy and celebration. Everything around is moving, making noise, screaming, playing.
Here is an episode that confirms ideas about the moral strength and beauty of the people's character. The peasants are happy with the act of Veretennikov, who gave boots to Vavila’s granddaughter:
But other peasants
So they were consoled
So happy, as if everyone
He gave it in rubles!
Pictures of folk life are not only fun, joy, celebration, but also its dark, unsightly, “ugly” side. The fun turned to drunkenness.
Crawled, lay, rode,
The drunks were floundering,
And there was a groan!
The road is crowded
What later is uglier:
More and more often they come across
Beaten, crawling,
Lying in a layer.
The man who “thought about the axe” “got drunk,” and the “quiet” guy who buried a new shirt in the ground, and the “old”, “intoxicated woman.” Statements from the crowd indicate darkness, ignorance, patience and humility of the people.
The peasant world appears extremely naked in all its intoxicated frankness and spontaneity. It seems that the successive words, phrases, rapid dialogues and shouts are random and incoherent.
But among them, sharp political remarks are discernible, testifying to the desire and ability of the peasants to comprehend their situation.
- You are good, royal letter,
Yes, you are not writing about us.
And here is a picture of collective labor - “fun mowing”. She is imbued with a festive and bright feeling:
There are tons of people! There are white people
Women's shirts are colorful
Men's shirts
Yes voices, yes tinkling
Agile braids.
The joy of work is felt in everything: “tall grass,” “nimble scythes,” “fun mowing.” The picture of mowing gives rise to the idea of inspired work, capable of repeating miracles:
Haymaking swings
They go in the correct order:
All brought in at once
The braids flashed and clinked.
In the chapter “Happy,” Nekrasov showed the people as a “world,” that is, as something organized, conscious, with the power of which neither the merchant Altynnikov nor the crooked clerks can compete (“Cunning, the clerks are strong, but their world is stronger “, the merchant Altynnikov is rich, but he still cannot resist the world’s treasury.”
The people win through organized action in the economic struggle and actively behave (even more spontaneously, but still more decisively) in the political struggle. In this chapter of the poem, the writer told how “how the landowner Obrubkov’s patrimony rebelled in the Frightened province, Nedykhanev district, and the village of Stolbnyaki.” And in the next chapter (“The Landowner”) the poet will once again say ironically for the “quick-witted” people: “A village somewhere must have rebelled in an excess of gratitude!”
Nekrasov continues to recreate the collective image of the hero. This is achieved, first of all, by the masterful depiction of folk scenes. The artist does not dwell long on showing individual types of the peasant masses.
The growth of peasant consciousness is now revealed in historical, social, everyday, and psychological terms.
It must be said about the contradictory soul of the people. Among the mass of peasants there is an old woman, “pockmarked, one-eyed”, who sees happiness in the turnip harvest, a “soldier with medals”, happy that he was not killed in battle, a servant of Prince Peremetyev, proud of gout - a noble disease. Wanderers, seekers of happiness, listen to everyone, and the bulk of the people become the supreme judge.
As he judges, for example, the courtyard prince Peremetyev. The impudence and arrogance of the lackey-sycophant arouses the contempt of the peasants; they drive him away from the bucket from which they serve the “happy” at the village fair. It is impossible to lose sight of the fact that Peremetyev’s “beloved slave” once again flashes among the pictures of a drunken night. He is flogged for theft.
Where he is caught, here is his judgment:
About three dozen judges came together,
We decided to give a spoonful,
And everyone gave a vine.
It is no coincidence that this is said after the scenes of people’s trust are depicted: Yermil Girin is given money to buy a mill without receipts, and in the same way - to be honest - he returns it. This contrast suggests the moral health of the mass of the peasantry, the strength of their moral rules even in an atmosphere of serfdom.
The image of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna occupies a large and special place in the poem. The story about the lot of this heroine is a story about the lot of Russian women in general. Talking about her marriage, Matryona Timofeevna talks about the marriage of any peasant woman, about all the great multitudes of them. Nekrasov managed to combine the heroine’s private life with mass life, without identifying them. Nekrasov always sought to expand the meaning of the heroine’s image, as if to embrace as many women’s destinies as possible. This is achieved by interweaving folk songs and lamentations into the text. They reflect the most characteristic features of folk life.
Songs and lamentations are a small fraction of the artistic originality of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Writing about the people, writing for the people can only be done according to the laws of folk poetry. And the point is not that Nekrasov turned to folklore, using the vocabulary, rhythm and images of folk art. In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” first of all, the folk theme is revealed - the people’s search for the path to happiness. And this theme is affirmed by Nekrasov as the leading one, determining the people’s movement forward.
Behind numerous pictures of people’s life there emerges the image of Russia, that “poor and abundant, downtrodden and omnipotent.” countries. Patriotic feeling, heartfelt love for the homeland and people fills the poem with that inner burning, that lyrical warmth that warms its harsh and truthful epic narrative.
- The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was written by Nekrasov in the post-reform era, when the landowner essence of the reform, which doomed the peasants to ruin and new bondage, became clear. The main idea that permeates the entire poem is...
- The time of N. Nekrasov is the 50-70s of the 19th century. The main thing in the life of Russian society in these years was the question of the people. Therefore, the central place in Nekrasov’s poetic world belongs to images, experiences,...
- Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was, as it were, a deviation from the general idea of many works of that time - revolution. In addition, in almost all works the main characters were...
- Plans for the unrealized chapters of the poem, of course, are of great interest when studying Nekrasov’s creative plan. In implementing these plans, the poet did not go further than sketches. This not only means...
- One might suggest comparing the landscape of Chapter XVI with the landscape of Pushkin’s “Winter Morning”. Do they have anything in common? Readers notice that both here and there “frost and sun”, “sunny winter” are depicted....
- So that my fellow countrymen and every peasant may live freely and cheerfully throughout all holy Rus'! N. A. Nekrasov. Who can live well in Rus'? In the image of the people's intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author's ideal of positive...
- The hero of the poem is not one person, but the whole people. At first glance, people's life seems sad. The very list of villages speaks for itself: Zaplatovo, Dyryavino. and how much human suffering there is in...
- For a long time, N.A. Nekrasov was seen as a public figure, but not a poet. He was considered a singer of the revolutionary struggle, but was often denied his poetic talent. They appreciated Nekrasov’s civic pathos, but not...
- The poem was published in separate parts in two magazines, Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski. The poem consists of four parts, arranged as they were written and related to the dispute about “who has fun...
- Epic coverage of public life, depiction of characters with different socio-psychological and individual characteristics, often with elements of “role-playing lyrics”; Reliance on the people's worldview and the people's value system as the main moral...
- Every time gives birth to its poet. In the second half of the last century there was no more popular poet than N. A. Nekrasov. He not only sympathized with the people, but identified himself with peasant Russia, shocked...
- Again she, the native side, With her green, fertile summer, And again the soul is full of poetry. Yes, only here can I be a poet! N. A. Nekrasov Democratic movement in Russia in the middle...
- A whole gallery of images of landowners passes before the reader of Nekrasov’s poem. Nekrasov looks at the landowners through the eyes of a peasant, drawing their images without any idealization. This side of Nekrasov’s creativity was noted by V.I. Belinsky when...
- In terms of composition, the poetic integrity of the poem is achieved by the images of a dream, which include reflections on the people that make up the main part of the poem: the first appeal begins with the image of a dream - to the nobleman, the image of a dream... He did not carry a heart in his chest, Who did not shed tears over you . N. A. Nekrasov N. A. Nekrasov is rightly considered the first singer of a Russian peasant woman, who depicted the tragedy of her situation and glorified the struggle...
- The chapter “Peasant Woman” did not appear in the original plan of the poem. The Prologue does not provide for the possibility of finding a happy man among the peasants, and especially among the peasant women. Some compositional unpreparedness of the chapter “Peasant Woman” is due, perhaps, to censorship reasons...
- My acquaintance with the work of N. A. Nekrasov occurred in the sixth grade. I remember well his “Yesterday at Six o’clock”, “The Railway” and, of course, the poem “Russian Women”. It's hard for me...
- The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is the pinnacle of N. A. Nekrasov’s creativity. This is a work about the people, their life, work and struggle. It took fourteen years to create, but Nekrasov never...
Pictures of Russian life in the works of Nekrasov (Based on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”) Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a great Russian poet of the 19th century. The epic poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” brought him great fame. I would like to define the genre of this work in this way, because it widely presents pictures of life in post-reform Russia. This poem took 20 years to write. Nekrasov wanted to represent all social strata in it: from the peasant peasant to the tsar. But, unfortunately, the poem was never finished - the death of the poet prevented it. Of course, the peasant theme occupies the main place in the work, and the question that torments the author is already in the title: “who can live well in Rus'.” Nekrasov is disturbed by the thought of the impossibility of living as Russia lived at that time, of the difficult lot of peasants, of the hungry, beggarly existence of a peasant on Russian soil. In this poem, Nekrasov, it seemed to me, does not idealize the peasants at all, he shows the poverty, rudeness and drunkenness of the peasants .
The men ask everyone they meet along the way a question about happiness. So gradually, from individual stories of the lucky ones, a general picture of life after the reform of 1861 emerges. To convey it more fully and brightly. Nekrasov, together with wanderers, is looking for happiness not only among the rich, but also among the people. And not only landowners, priests, and wealthy peasants appear before the reader, but also Matryona Timofeevna, Savely, Grisha Dobrosklonov. And in the chapter “Happy,” the images and pickles of the people are conveyed most realistically. One after another, the peasants come to the call: “the whole crowded square” listens to them. However, the men did not recognize any of the storytellers.
Hey, man's happiness! Leaky, with patches, Humpbacked with calluses... After reading these lines, I came to the conclusion that the people throughout Russia are poor and humiliated, deceived by their former masters and the tsar. The situation of the people is clearly depicted by the names of those places where the wandering peasants come from: Terpigorev county, Pustoporozhnaya volost, the villages of Zaplatovo, Dyryavino, Znobishino, Gorelovo. Thus, the poem vividly depicts the joyless, powerless, hungry life of the peasantry. The description of nature in the poem is also given in inextricable unity with the life of a peasant. In our imagination, an image appears of a land devoid of life - “no greenery, no grass, not a leaf.” The landscape gives rise to a feeling of peasant deprivation and grief.
This motif sounds with a special, soul-touching power in the description of the village of Klin “the village of the Unenviable”: Every hut is with a support, Like a beggar with a crutch: And straw from the roofs is fed to the cattle. They stand like skeletons, the houses are miserable. In a stormy late autumn, this is how the nests of jackdaws look, When the jackdaws fly out and the wind exposes the roadside Birches. The village of Kuzminskoye with its dirt, the school “empty, packed tightly,” the hut, “with one little window,” is also described in the same way. In a word, all the descriptions are convincing evidence that in the life of a peasant throughout Russia there is “poverty, ignorance, darkness.” However, the images of special peasants such as Saveliy the hero and Matryona Timofeevna help to judge that Mother Rus' is full of spirituality. She's talented. The fact that Nekrasov united people of different classes in his poem made, in my opinion, the image of Russia at that time not only extensive, but also complete, bright, deep and patriotic. It seems to me that the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” reflects the author’s ability to convey reality, reality, and contact with such a work of art brings me closer to high art and history.