When restoring a heating system or installing a new one, a logical question arises - which radiators to choose so that they are not only efficient and heat the home well, but also fit perfectly into the interior. Although appearance heating elements is important, first of all you should pay attention to technical characteristics, such as operating pressure, maximum temperature, as well as the material from which the batteries are made. However, which heating radiators for an apartment are best to choose among all the variety presented on the heating systems market? Let's try to understand the basic criteria for choosing heating devices.
Read in the article:
Which is the best heating radiator for an apartment?
Water flowing from the centralized water supply into the heating system passes long haul, carrying various chemical and mechanical impurities, which slowly but surely lead to the destruction of pipes and heating elements. Frequent water hammers also play an important role in the failure of the radiator, causing the devices to burst and leak, flooding everything around with hot water. Therefore, before choosing heating radiators for an apartment, you need to study the basic criteria that high-quality and efficient heating devices must meet.
What you should pay attention to first of all is the metal from which the radiator is made, in particular its physical and chemical parameters. The battery must withstand pressure 1.5 times higher than that created in the heating circuit. For example, in Soviet houses this figure does not exceed 5-8 atm, while in the heating circuit of modern high-rise buildings it is 12-15 atm.
The market offers a huge selection of radiators of any color, configuration and material. Also, the metal from which the heating battery is made must be resistant to sudden pressure surges in the system, to the so-called “water hammer”. For your information, if you notice that clicks and hums are heard in the pipes, then it is better to contact utility workers, since this is a sure sign that not everything is in order with the pressure and it is better to immediately prevent the possibility of an accident.
Before choosing a heating radiator battery, you should consider that the water in our water supply is full of various chemical compounds and mechanical particles, so the metal used to produce heating devices must be able to resist corrosion and other damage.
The efficiency indicator is heat transfer. Accordingly, if you want the room to be warm in winter, you need to choose heating radiators that have high heat output.
Service life. Everything is clear here, because the larger it is, the less often the heating batteries will have to be changed, which means there is an opportunity to save significant money and effort.
The design of the radiator is very important, since the heating device must fit harmoniously into the interior of the room. The huge range of heating devices on the market allows you to purchase batteries for every taste and budget, but at the same time it makes it difficult to choose.
So, before choosing heating batteries for your apartment, you need to weigh all the pros and cons and only then make a purchase and begin installing them.
Main types of heating radiators for apartments
As we have already understood, choosing radiators is not an easy task, and in order to make your task easier, you first need to learn a little about the types of heating radiators in the apartments of modern houses.
Advantages and disadvantages of cast iron radiators
Nondescript and massive cast-iron heating radiators are familiar to the older generation from the days of the USSR. Modern cast iron radiators look more neat and elegant. Like everything in this world, a cast iron heating battery, the price of which varies depending on the model and manufacturer, has its advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include:
- long service life, which is over 50 years;
- resistance to corrosion;
- undemanding to the cleanliness of the coolant;
- long-term heat retention in cases of heating system shutdown;
- acceptable cost.
The disadvantages are that cast iron batteries take a long time to heat up, are heavy, difficult to install and are practically not protected from water hammer.
General technical characteristics of cast iron heating radiators MS-140-500
The standard section has a volume of 4 liters and a weight of 7.5 kg. The heating area is 0.23 m2. Heating occurs due to convection currents (no more than 20%), and the rest is due to radiation. That is why cast iron batteries are mounted under windows.
Heating batteries made of steel
Steel heating radiators are available in two versions - panel and tubular. Schematically, panel batteries look like two steel panels, 1.2 mm thick, with stamped channels for coolant and welded together. To make the radiator more efficient, 2-3 panels are connected parallel to each other. As a result, such a steel three-panel battery, the same size as its cast iron counterpart, weighs almost the same, and with a thickness of 160 mm. even exceeds it. When deciding to buy steel heating radiators for your apartment, you need to take into account that the performance of panel batteries in terms of heat transfer is no better than models made of cast iron.
Among the positive aspects of panel radiators it is worth noting:
- Efficiency reaching up to 77%;
- high heat transfer;
- environmental Safety;
- low cost.
The disadvantages for owners of steel panel heating radiators include:
- susceptibility to corrosion;
- inappropriateness of installation in high-rise buildings due to the high risk of water hammer;
- Convection inherent in this type of battery contributes to the formation of drafts.
Consumer interest in tubular steel heating radiators is more due to the variety of shapes, which allows this heating device to fit into almost any interior. Tubular batteries are stronger than panel batteries due to their 1.5 mm wall thickness and can withstand up to 16 atm. For this reason, steel radiators are installed only in houses with autonomous heating.
Advantages of this type batteries is:
- high working pressure;
- greater efficiency compared to panel analogues;
- corrosion protection.
In principle, when comparing panel and tubular radiators, it is worth noting that their strong and weak sides almost identical. However, having the ability to withstand higher operating pressures, tubular steel radiators are much more expensive than their panel counterparts.
Aluminum radiators
Heating radiators are also produced in two modifications - cast and extruded. This nuance must be taken into account when deciding which aluminum radiator to choose for your apartment.
Sections of cast batteries are made separately from an alloy of aluminum and silicon (silumin). Sewing occurs when high blood pressure, which allows you to obtain sections yourself different shapes, withstanding 6-16 atm. For strength, the walls of the batteries are made thick, and for free circulation of the coolant, expanded channels for water are created. Cast sections can be combined into a single battery
The elements of extruded aluminum batteries are made separately, by extrusion, and then joined together. This method is cheap, but in such a radiator you cannot remove or add a section.
Structurally, aluminum batteries are more advanced than their cast iron counterparts. The aluminum section has a depth of 110 mm. versus 140, the heating area is 0.4 m 2, and the volume is 0.5 l. Heat transfer by convection and radiation is approximately the same - almost 50% each. When adding new sections, the heating area increases to 0.5 m2, which increases the share of the convection component to 60%. The heat transfer indicators of an aluminum heating radiator are in the table presented after the types of batteries.
Positive characteristics of aluminum heating radiators:
The disadvantages are:
- short service life;
- susceptibility to corrosion;
- vulnerability to water hammer;
- tendency to leak.
And let’s complete the list of advantages and disadvantages with the rating of an aluminum heating radiator.
| Photo | Manufacturer | Model and dimensions of 1 element (W/H/D), mm. | Heat dissipation of 1 battery cell, W | Approximate cost of 1 section, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Termal (Russia) | Standard Plus 500 (79/531/72) | 198 | From 460 | |
| Oasis (Russia) | Al 500/80 (79/531/72) | 170 | From 480 | |
| Sira | ALICE ROYAL 95/500 (80/580/95) | 190 | From 580 | |
| Global | ISEO 500 (80/582/80) | 180 | From 800 | |
| Royal Thermo | Indigo 500 (80/591/100) | 185 | From 670 |
Bimetallic batteries: pros and cons
The design of these heating devices successfully combines the strength of steel and the thermal conductivity of aluminum. Bimetallic radiators are able to withstand pressures of up to 35 atm, and are well resistant to water hammer. When deciding which heating radiators are better for an apartment, bimetallic or made of another material, it is worth taking into account that radiators made of two materials can be connected to the heating system in several ways to ensure maximum efficiency.
The image below shows a sectional view that clearly shows the structure of this heating device.
The advantages of bimetallic batteries include the following:
- high level of heat transfer;
- resistance to hydraulic shock;
- For normal operation, a small volume of coolant is required;
- ease of installation;
- attractive appearance.
Among the few disadvantages:
- lower heat transfer compared to aluminum analogues;
- high price.
The given table of heat transfer of a bimetallic heating radiator and batteries made of other materials will help determine the choice of the desired design.
Related article:
Technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, connection methods, criteria for the right choice, review of companies, nuances of do-it-yourself installation - read in the publication.
In principle, we have dealt with the types and brief characteristics of heating radiators, and now it is worth familiarizing yourself with the basic calculations of the required number of sections, heat transfer and other characteristics.
How to calculate the required number of radiator sections
When reconstructing or creating a new heating system, in order not to suffer from the cold in a poorly heated room, you first need to carry out some calculations that will allow you to select and install effective heating devices. To select the necessary heating devices, as we have already found out, you need to know the material from which they are made, their resistance to corrosion, the heat transfer of the heating radiator, the table given above, the number of sections and much more. The required number of heating radiators is calculated in two ways - by the volume of the room or by its area. It is also necessary to take into account the expected pressure in the battery central heating.
Basic calculations to determine the number of sections and thermal power
Calculation by area
It is believed that to compensate for the thermal losses of the building and create a comfortable environment for people temperature regime, it is required to provide thermal power within 100 W/m2. You can use a calculator to determine the required number of heating radiator sections or make simpler calculations using the formula
N = S × 100 / Pc, Where
- N - quantity heating elements batteries;
- S – area of the room;
- PC – thermal power one element of the heating structure (data are indicated in the technical data sheet of the battery).
Calculation by volume
To make a more accurate calculation of the number of heating radiator sections, they resort to calculating the volume of the room that will be heated. And for brick house The power of the heating system should be 34 W/m2, and for panel heating – 41 W/m2. Calculations are made using almost the same formula as given above, but slightly modified:
N = S × h × 34(41) / Pc , Where
- h - ceiling height.
Of course, when deciding to purchase a one-piece, non-separable battery, there is no need to divide the calculations by the thermal power of 1 radiator element. Then the resulting value will mean the total power of the heating battery that is required for a particular room.
It’s worth noting right away that these formulas will only be true for standard average conditions. For this reason, when making calculations by volume or area, it is necessary to take into account correction factors determined by the minimum winter temperature prevailing in the region of residence, the location of the room, the degree of insulation of the walls, the number and type of windows, and the location of doors. Even the installation diagram and location of the radiators can play a big role in calculating the thermal power of the battery.
It is quite difficult to list all this in one article and therefore it is best to use a special calculator.
Calculator for calculating the required thermal power of heating radiators
Which batteries are best for central heating? And for a private house with autonomous heating? Can a heating device be made by hand? Let's have a short overview of the possible options.
Features of heating systems
From the point of view of heating devices, what is the difference between centralized heating and an autonomous heating system?
- Higher operating pressure in central heating systems. Typical central heating parameters in winter are 4 - 5 kgf/cm2 in the supply and 0.2 atmospheres less in the return pipeline.
Please note: we are not talking about the parameters of the heating main, but about what is done after the house valves of the elevator unit.
In low-rise private houses, the working pressure in the kennel rarely exceeds 2 kgf/cm2.
- The likelihood of water hammer, exceeding the design pressure, or using a coolant with a dangerously high temperature is much greater in the case of central heating. This shouldn't happen, but it does. The human factor, you know...
From these positions, among other things, we will try to find out which heating batteries are better.
Options
Cast iron radiators
Readers had an excellent opportunity to see their most unsightly version under every window in Soviet-built apartments. Now on sale you can find quite beautiful solutions made of cast iron, positioned as designer ones; however, you may not like their price.
The photo shows a modern cast iron radiator.
For the most part, however, what is meant is precisely that sectional design, the appearance of which has changed little over the past half century.
What do we know about her?
- Gray cast iron is afraid shock loads. A strong impact may cause the section to crack; water hammer can theoretically lead to its complete destruction.
- The channels in the sections have a large cross-section. For us, this means slow movement of the coolant and rapid silting of the batteries. Washing is recommended at least once every three years.
- The weak point of cast iron sections is the paronite gaskets between them. Over time, cooled batteries begin to leak along the joints. The problem can be treated by reassembling the sections and replacing the gaskets.
- Working pressure - up to 16 kgf/cm2; More often you can find devices with a declared pressure of up to 12 atmospheres.
Plate steel radiators
We will touch on them very briefly: the only advantage of plate batteries is their compactness. When installed near the wall, they will take up almost no space in the room. But corrosion-resistant steel and water are not best combination: the service life of these devices is no more than 7 years.
Aluminum radiators
The great advantage of aluminum is its high thermal conductivity. With a small channel cross-section, they have excellent heat transfer. Due to the high speed of coolant movement and the smooth internal surface, aluminum radiators rarely need to be flushed.
Most commercially produced aluminum batteries claim the same operating parameters:
- Temperature - up to 110 - 130C;
- Pressure - up to 16 atmospheres.
In theory, for typical parameters of heating systems - both central heating and autonomous - this is enough. In practice, two nuances intervene.
- Water hammer can deform or tear aluminum.
- When using a copper pipeline, copper and aluminum form a galvanic couple with rapid destruction of the latter. If in a private house you choose which pipes to use, then in an apartment building literally a couple of meters away from you there is a connection to your neighbors’ radiators. And it can be made from anything...
Bimetallic radiators
Both problems are successfully solved by inserting a steel core into aluminum. combine the high thermal conductivity of aluminum, which in combination with developed fins provides excellent heat transfer, with the strength and chemical stability of steel.
However: stainless steel is rarely used in bimetallic radiators, and corrosion-resistant steels, albeit slowly, are destroyed by rust.
However, while aluminum and cast iron can be rated at a MAXIMUM of 16 atmospheres, bimetal is the minimum they are designed for. A good working pressure is considered to be 25 kgf/cm2; The Russian company Rifar even has a Monolith series, which includes devices with a working pressure of 100 atmospheres.
The steel core provides strength, aluminum fins provide heat transfer.
Registers
Our gallery ends with the simplest and cheapest heating device - a register.
The instructions for making it are extremely simple:
- An even number of pipes DN50 - DN150 are cut to the required length, depending on the required heat transfer.
- The ends of the pipes are jammed.
- Holes are cut in the pipes corresponding to the internal cross-section of thinner jumper pipes, after which the structure is welded. The register must form a circuit through which the coolant can circulate without any pockets or stagnant zones.
In garages and production premises Sometimes another type of register is used - a thick pipe at the level of the baseboard along the entire perimeter of the room.
The disadvantages of the solution are obvious: aesthetics are lame on both legs; We are not talking about compactness either.
What are its advantages?
- Mechanical strength- beyond all praise. Before us steel pipes connected by welding. There are no vulnerable spots in the form of threads; The design is only afraid of defrosting. Of course, when circulation stops.
- Heat dissipation can be as large as you like. Nothing will stop you from making a register that covers the entire wall; at the same time, you may not be content with a ready-made solution, but adjust its dimensions depending on your own wishes.
- Expenses- minimal. At a minimum, they are incomparable with the cost of purchasing any modern heating devices with comparable heat output.
conclusions
They should not be regarded as the ultimate truth. This is a deeply personal opinion of the author, and alternative points of view deserve no less respect.
So:
- To the question of which heating radiator is better for a garage or greenhouse, you can give a completely unambiguous answer: a homemade register made of thick steel pipes.
- The best heating batteries for an apartment, due to the unpredictability of central heating, are bimetallic. They combine excellent heat output (often exceeding 200 watts per section) with mechanical strength, chemical resistance and attractive appearance.
- The optimal choice for a private home, where all heating parameters are controlled by you yourself, is aluminum radiators. With somewhat lower strength compared to bimetallic ones, they are noticeably cheaper.
Conclusion
Another point of view on choosing a radiator is presented in the video at the end of the article. Perhaps it will seem no less reasoned to you. Warm winters!
Reading time: 10 minutes
Many people are forced to live in difficult climatic conditions. Not everyone can move to more suitable regions, so most of the time has to be spent in well-heated rooms. This suggests that heating systems should be as efficient as possible, and special devices for them should be aesthetically pleasing! So which heating batteries are better for an apartment, what are their prices? You will find answers to these questions in our article.
What to look for when choosing radiators?
Modern heating devices they should be selected with extreme caution, as they should serve their owners long and reliably. The main selection criteria are:
System type.
Today, 4 types of radiators are especially popular, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. Cast iron models are characterized by low cost, excellent thermal conductivity, durability and the ability to retain heat even after the heating is turned off. Their disadvantages include slow heating, the need for frequent maintenance, fragility, consumption of large amounts of water and poor tolerance to water hammer. Aluminum systems have high heat transfer, compactness, reasonable cost and light weight, but they are subject to corrosion. Steel radiators heat up quickly and are liked by customers for their low inertia and maximum heat transfer, but the most significant disadvantage of this type is the formation of rust. Bimetallic models are very demanding on water quality, but at the same time they are light in weight and resistant to high pressure. 
Price.
Water heating devices are considered the cheapest, so when purchasing them you can save a good amount of money. Foreign goods, of course, will cost more than domestic ones, but some of them will last much longer. Cast iron and aluminum radiators cost on average 350 rubles per section, bimetallic ones - about 600 rubles per section, and steel ones in a complete set will cost 2-12 thousand rubles.
Heat dissipation.
Non-sectional radiators (steel) have a total heat output of 1200 to 1600 W. As for this criterion for one section, in cast iron it is 100-160 W, in aluminum - 82-212 W, and in bimetallic - 150-180 W.
What are the best heating batteries for an apartment? Prices in 2019? Rating.
The best models of cast iron radiators. TOP 5
Despite the active promotion of modern heating devices, cast iron radiators are still popular and have their customers. People like them for their durability, as well as their resistance to quite high temperatures. In addition, most of them are not too expensive, so choosing a cast iron battery will always be the right choice.
Among the best cast iron radiators worth mentioning:
In first place it is worth placing a model that has a magnificent design copied from the French battery. It will definitely appeal to lovers of rarities. In addition to its stylish appearance, it has other advantages: thermal power of 725 W, the amount of water in the section is up to 2.1 liters, and the presence of 5 sections.
Excellent device, designed in classic style, operates with a power of 420 W and has as many as 6 sections. This model can be connected both from the side and from the bottom, which makes it easy to use. The distance between the axles is 500 mm, which is one of the main points that buyers pay attention to.
The heat exchanger at a favorable price has a power that can reach 1.2 kW. The battery is connected to the side. Its operating pressure is 15 Bars, and the permissible temperature is 150 degrees.
4. MZOO MS-140M-05
An excellent battery with 7 sections is liked by customers for its high quality and, of course, durability. Many people call it indestructible, which is not at all surprising. This model can serve its owners for a long time, despite any obstacles.
One of the main advantages of the radiator is its design, which allows you to place the battery in any interior. In addition, it has convenient dimensions and a heat flow of 150 W. The volume of one section is 0.90 l.
Read also: Solid fuel boiler for heating a private house, which one is better to choose?
The best aluminum models
Heating systems that heat up fairly quickly and release heat are known to all customers. They are light in weight, so installation on drywall will not be a problem. In addition, they are distinguished by a modern and memorable design, thanks to which the radiators can be easily used in any interior.
The highest quality aluminum models are:
The Italian battery takes first place in many ratings. It can heat a room well, the area of which is 40 m2. At the same time, this model generates a heat transfer equal to 180 W per section.
Not bad domestic radiator has an excellent heat output of 250 W per section, which is why it is gaining popularity at a rapid pace.
The German-made panel radiator operates at a power of 5.8 kW. It can only be used with a central heating system.
The model with a maximum operating temperature of 135 degrees pleases its owners with a heat output of 183 W per section, as well as good heating of a room with an area of 25.6 sq.m.
The device, produced by injection molding, has an interesting design, a good volume of coolant and the possibility of lateral connection.
Read also: G gas boilers for heating a private house: how to choose. Rating of the best 2018
The best steel radiators
Steel models have virtually no disadvantages. They are great for placing in an apartment. Such radiators heat up quickly, have an acceptable cost and are neutral to chemical composition coolant.
The best steel radiators are:
The German-made model very often comes first. It has excellent thermal output of 5790 W. It is also worth noting its convenient fastening and good resistance to fairly strong pressure drops, which often occur in centralized heating systems.
Another German product worthy of the attention of all buyers. It differs from its competitors by the presence of safety edges. Thanks to this design, the battery can easily be placed in an apartment where small children are constantly running around. The thermal power of this model is 2014 W, but the number of sections is only 3.
A decent tubular model is very reliable. It, of course, is quite expensive, but this is explained by a number of advantages: heat output of 3900 W, the possibility of high-quality heating of an area of 40 square meters, as well as ease of operation. Some customers also comment positively on the beautiful enamel finish.
4. PURMO COMPACT 22,500
The battery, which arrived in our stores from Finland, has a wall mount, a good side coolant wire and an acceptable price. Power (maximum) is 5572 W.
5. KZTO Harmony 2-500-12
The remarkable steel radiator is famous for its thermal power of 2160 W, 12 sections, and the possibility of side or diagonal connection.
The best bimetallic models
Bimetallic heating batteries can be called truly universal and high-quality. They are made of aluminum on the outside and steel on the inside, which is where the name comes from. These models are easy to install and are durable and lightweight. They are resistant to any pressure, heat up quickly and last more than 20 years.
1. SIRA RS 500
The high-quality Italian model is a profitable, reliable and efficient device for heating an apartment. The working pressure reaches 40 Bar, and the resistance to thermal fluid is expressed in a good indicator - from 7.5 to 8.5.
2. Royal Thermo PianoForte 500
The radiator can have from 4 to 14 sections. It is decorated in a stylish and modern design. The manufacturer included it here unique technology Power Shift, thanks to which it is possible to increase heat transfer. This model It is distinguished by the possibility of both floor and wall installation, which pleases all buyers.
Experts call the main distinguishing feature of a radiator a fairly high operating pressure. It is 100 Bar and can significantly reduce the risk of premature battery failure. The model has a beautiful design and requires only 210 ml of water per section to operate normally. The disadvantages of the model include not very good sound insulation and quite high percent marriage.
4. Global STYLE PLUS 500
A good Italian battery copes well with pressure changes, has acceptable external characteristics and can warm up a room whose area does not exceed 37 m2.
And centralized heating systems have fundamental differences that are taken into account when choosing equipment. The operating mode of autonomous heating of a private house allows you to select radiators based on the maximum heat transfer coefficient, materials with the best characteristics, High Quality and optimal price. The operating conditions of heating equipment in apartments are very different - here reliability and load resistance are in the foreground. Let's figure out which heating radiators are best installed in an apartment, where and how to buy them, and what users say in reviews about this equipment.
There are two fundamentally different types of home heating: centralized (open) and autonomous (closed). In the first case, steam or hot water from a boiler house or thermal power plant is supplied through pipes to apartments in multi-storey buildings. Second option - separate system heating of a private house or cottage, including its own boiler, heat supply pipelines, radiators and pumps.
When determining which heating radiators are best for an apartment, we proceed from the operating conditions of radiators in such systems:
- temperature from 100°C;
- pressure up to 10 atm;
- sudden pressure surges and hydraulic shocks when flushing systems and restarting.
When choosing a radiator, the consumer must know the load limits for the model in question.
Cast iron radiators
Resistant to high pressure and water hammer. There are models that can cope with heavy loads, but do not meet aesthetic needs. Such samples include cast iron batteries, known to us since Soviet times. A good example of modern cast iron radiators can be considered retro-style batteries that fit perfectly into the interior.
The advantages of cast iron radiators include:
- operating pressure 6 – 10 atm, peak loads 18 or more atm;
- installation with different types pipes;
- long service life;
- high heat output (100 – 200 W);
- quick size change if necessary;
- minimal corrosion.
Disadvantages of cast iron radiators:
- heavy weight;
- fragility;
- slow heating and cooling, inability to control temperature.
Bimetallic radiators
Steel and aluminum are used to produce such batteries. The inner surface of such radiators, which plays the role of coolant, is steel.
Advantages of bimetallic radiators:
- working pressure more than 35 atm;
- anti-corrosion resistance;
- fast heating and cooling, lack of inertia;
- modern attractive design;
- light weight;
- easy set of the required number of sections.
The disadvantage is the high cost.
A comparison of the two options does not reveal the superiority of any of them. Cast iron batteries cost 250 - 400 rubles per section in a conventional version and 1,500 - 6,000 rubles in a “retro” version. Prices bimetallic radiators 400 - 1500 rubles per section, imported ones are more expensive. Externally, bimetallic batteries look more attractive: they are more compact, more modern, and easy to clean. Based on the cost, we consider bimetallic radiators to be more preferable for apartments.
The photo shows bimetallic radiators for an apartment
Which heating radiators are best to choose for a private home?
Autonomous heating systems for private housing are distinguished by different operating conditions: low pressure and the absence of water hammer in the networks. The choice of radiators in this case is based on maximum heat transfer, price and quality. Any of the existing radiators is suitable for heating a private home. Let's briefly look at the types of such equipment in order to choose which radiators are best for heating a private home.
Tubular and panel radiators made of steel
Such radiators are compact and visually attractive.
Advantages of steel radiators:
- high efficiency;
- resistance to corrosion with properly prepared water;
- long service life;
- compactness and light weight;
- low price.
Flaws:
- not very good design;
- the need for periodic washing;
- the need for constant filling to prevent corrosion.
Aluminum radiators
Are different modern design and excellent heat dissipation. Imported models are much more expensive than Russian ones, but we recommend buying them.
Special operating requirements:
- Careful control of the acidity of the coolant - aluminum quickly corrodes if this condition is not met.
- Due to the high thermal power, uneven heat distribution in the room is possible. Before purchasing radiators, accurate calculations are required.
Overall, very good radiators for heating a home. If the operating instructions are followed, they will last quite a long time. The price of aluminum radiators is relatively low.
Bimetallic radiators
Combined radiators made of steel (internal part) and aluminum fins. Such radiators are treated with a primer against corrosion. They can withstand pressures of up to 20-35 atm and are unpretentious to the composition of circulating water.
The main disadvantage is the high cost. There are no water hammers or high pressure with autonomous heating, and the use of expensive radiators is impractical.
Cast iron radiators
The high thermal inertia of these radiators reduces the cost of heating a home. Cast iron batteries are resistant to corrosion. They are priced higher than aluminum and steel ones, but much lower than bimetallic ones.
The disadvantages of cast iron batteries are fragility and heavy weight.
When choosing which heating batteries are best for a private home, you need to consider two groups - steel or aluminum batteries. Aluminum ones are more interesting - they are lighter, more economical and give off more heat.
The photo shows ideal aluminum radiators for a country house
Which bimetallic heating radiators are better?
The choice of bimetallic batteries is large - the models are different in design, characteristics, design and cost. By comparing the characteristics of different radiators, we will determine which bimetallic heating radiators are better.
Bimetallic and semi-bimetallic radiators
Bimetallic radiators have aluminum only at the top. They are made from steel and then filled with aluminum under pressure. The coolant is in contact with the steel. There are models whose interior is made of copper. Such radiators are used with coolant to which antifreeze is added.
The interior of semi-bimetallic batteries consists of two metals: steel and aluminum. Best models Such radiators are produced by Sira, Rifar, Gordi. They are not cheap, but the quality is excellent.
Bimetallic radiators, sectional and monolithic
Monolithic radiators are distinguished by a solid steel or copper collector, onto which an aluminum “jacket” is placed. This design is called monolithic. Radiators of this type are more reliable than sectional ones, weakness of which are the joints between sections. Characteristics of monolithic radiators:
- service life up to 40 years (2 times longer than sectional ones);
- operating pressure up to 100 bar (3 times more than sectional ones);
- thermal power per section 100-200 W (equal to sectional).
The cost of monolithic radiators is approximately 20% higher than sectional ones, and it is impossible to change the size by adding or removing sections. A large selection of models allows you to choose the right radiator.
Manufacturers of bimetallic radiators
Imported radiators are represented on the Russian market by Italian, South Korean, and Polish companies.
Italian radiators
Represented by equipment from Sira, Global Style and Radena. Cost 700 – 1500 rubles per section, service life from 20 years. Main characteristics:
- section thermal power 120 – 185 watts;
- maximum water temperature – 110°C;
- operating pressure up to 35 bar.
South Korean radiators
MARS batteries with a copper core costing from 400 rubles with the following characteristics:
- section thermal power 167 watts;
- maximum water temperature – 130°C;
- operating pressure up to 20 bar.
Polish radiators
The REGULUS-system equipment with a copper core is well known in Russia.
Characteristics:
- operating pressure – 15 bar;
- maximum water temperature – 110°C.
Russian radiators
The most famous batteries are from the manufacturer Rifar, costing 500 - 900 rubles per section.
Characteristics:
- section thermal power 100 – 200 watts;
- maximum water temperature – 135°C;
- operating pressure up to 20 bar.
Chinese radiators
They are characterized by low cost, modest design and low quality. If the budget does not allow you to buy high-quality equipment, then you can get by with cheap “Chinese” ones. Of course, you cannot count on high performance.
In my opinion, the RIFAR MONOLIT radiator is considered the best Russian product. Characteristics: section thermal power 134 – 196 watts; maximum water temperature – 135 °C; operating pressure up to 100 bar.
The photo shows a RIFAR brand radiator
Which aluminum radiators are better?
Aluminum radiators are produced by Russian and foreign companies in a wide range. Among the main manufacturers:
Rifar, Russia
The best Russian company. Prices are higher than the Russian average - an average of 580 rubles per section. Main characteristics:
- working pressure up to 20 atm (maximum 30 atm);
- maximum coolant temperature 135°C;
- 10 year warranty, 25 year service life.
Royal Termo, Russia
Co-production with Italians. Available models:
- Thermo revolution;
- Thermo Dream Liner;
- Thermo Indigo.
Characteristics:
- working pressure – up to 20 atm;
- thermal power 170 – 185 watts.
Radiators are manufactured using patented technologies.
VitaTerm, Russia
Used for production aluminum alloys with magnesium, lithium and titanium.
Characteristics:
- thermal power 140 – 184 W;
- operating pressure 16 atm (test pressure 24 atm).
Global, Italy
Famous Italian manufacturer offers radiators of excellent quality and elegant design. A section of such a radiator costs about 400 rubles. One of the best offers on the market, considering the price and quality.
SMART, China
Budget option for aluminum radiators. The design is simple, universal, good quality. The cost of the section is about 300 rubles.
Choosing an aluminum radiator is not difficult - there are many offers in different technical and price categories. If you choose from domestic equipment, then Rifar radiators will be a worthy purchase; among imported ones, we recommend the Italian Global. Of course, the proposals are very general - the buyer should base his choice on his own capabilities and needs.
The photo shows a Global brand radiator
Which heating radiators are better - aluminum or bimetallic?
Let's start with the comparison of bimetallic and aluminum radiators with the design and characteristics of the batteries.
1. Aluminum radiators consist of separate sections that are connected by nipples. Gaskets are installed between the sections. Ribs with inside increase the heat transfer area.
2. Bimetallic radiators consist of a steel core and an aluminum body with fins.
Comparative characteristics:
- In terms of heat transfer, aluminum is much preferable - within 10 minutes after switching on the room is warm.
- Aluminum radiators have a lower operating pressure (up to 20 atm) than bimetallic ones (up to 40 atm), i.e. they can only be installed in autonomous heating systems of private houses.
- Aluminum radiators are more sensitive to the quality of the coolant. When the pH rises above 8, aluminum batteries will quickly fail.
- The maximum temperature for bimetallic batteries (130°C) is higher than for aluminum batteries (110°C).
- The service life of bimetallic batteries is 15-20 years, aluminum - 10 years.
- The cost of bimetallic radiators is 20–35% higher than aluminum ones.
When choosing radiators, you need to take into account the conditions in which they will have to work. For autonomous heating of a private house, aluminum batteries are more suitable, for an apartment in a high-rise building - bimetallic ones.
Installation and installation of heating radiators
The high cost of installing heating radiators in an apartment or private house often forces owners to carry out this work themselves. The cost of heating installation work depends on the total volume, number of installation elements, selected connection diagram, type and model of radiators, etc.
To install heating radiators yourself, you must:
- become familiar with connection methods;
- know the connection rules;
- correctly calculate and accurately measure the location of radiators;
- have the necessary tools for installation.
The heating battery is installed so as to provide maximum efficiency heating The greatest heat loss is through windows, so placing radiators under the windows creates thermal curtain, preventing heat from escaping.
The installation of heating radiators must be done strictly at right angles in the horizontal and vertical planes - incorrect placement leads to air accumulation and rapid corrosion of the radiator.
Distances that must be ensured during installation for normal heat exchange and circulation warm air:
- from the top grille of the battery to the window sill - 5-10 cm;
- from the bottom edge of the battery to the floor – 8-12 cm;
- from the radiator to the wall – 2-5 cm;
- When installing reflective thermal insulation on a wall, you should purchase longer retaining hooks.
Calculation of the number of radiator sections
When buying radiators, find out how to calculate required quantity sections. It is better to assemble the sections in the store when purchasing batteries. Remember a simple rule: one section is used to heat 2 square meters of area with a ceiling height of 2.7 m. Make roundings upward.
To install radiators you will need the following tools:
- pliers;
- screwdriver;
- hammer drill;
- pipe wrench;
- construction level;
- tape measure, pencil.
Replacing the battery is done in the following order:
- the old battery is dismantled;
- markings are made for attaching a new one;
- brackets and battery canopy are installed;
- assembly kit is assembled;
- a valve, a valve under the thermal head and a Mayevsky valve are installed;
- heating pipes are connected.
Particularly common is the installation of heating radiators with a bottom connection, in which hot water is introduced into the bottom of the radiator and discharged from the bottom of the other side. Such radiators are more attractive in appearance, fit perfectly into the interior and allow you to hide the pipework under the floor.
Thermostats for heating radiators
To regulate the heat supply during the period heating season We recommend installing a thermostat on each radiator. Installing a thermostat on a heating radiator is described in detail on websites on the Internet. More complex programmable thermostats will automatically turn radiators on and off to maintain the desired temperature. You can install thermostats on each battery with two-pipe heating, which is typical for a private house. With a single-pipe system (in apartment buildings), to install a thermostat, a bypass is installed in front of the radiator - a pipe perpendicular between the supply and the “return”. The diameter of the bypass pipe is always smaller than the diameter of the distribution pipes.
If the radiators are covered with thick curtains to the floor, the circulation of warm air is disrupted and only the window is heated. The window sill covering the top of the battery also interferes with normal air circulation. The efficiency of the heating radiator is reduced by 20%.
Heating radiator connection diagrams
Basic radiator connection diagrams:
1. Lateral one-way connection
The most commonly used and provides maximum heat transfer. The inlet pipe is connected to the upper branch pipe, the outlet pipe to the lower one.
2. Bottom connection
It is used if heating pipes are hidden under the floor or baseboard. Aesthetically the most successful way. The supply and return pipes from below go vertically to the floor.
3. Diagonal connection
This is done with a large number of sections (more than 12). The supply pipe is connected to the upper pipe on one side, and the return pipe is discharged from reverse side through the bottom pipe. The Mayevsky valve on radiators serves to remove excess air. The connection is inconvenient because when replacing or repairing a radiator, you need to turn off the entire heating system
4. Parallel connection
With this connection, the coolant is supplied through a heat pipe that is built into the heating system. The withdrawal also occurs. Inlet and outlet valves allow you to replace the radiator without shutting down the system as a whole. The disadvantage of this scheme is that at low pressure the radiator heats up poorly.
conclusions
- When choosing radiators for a private house or apartment in a high-rise building, you should take into account the operating conditions typical for autonomous or centralized heat supply. Cast iron or bimetallic radiators are suitable for an apartment; aluminum or cast iron are suitable for a private house. For the rest, you need to be guided by specific conditions: interior requirements, financial capabilities, equipment cost, manufacturer reliability, etc.
- We recommend checking the calculation of the required number of radiator sections for a specific room by receiving the seller’s recommendations upon purchase.
- During installation, it is necessary to maintain all the necessary distances of the radiator from the floor, walls, etc., as well as the horizontal position of its position in different planes. A thermostat installed on radiators helps you save money - you can turn off unnecessary radiators or set an automatic temperature maintenance mode.
It is important for home owners to have as many things as possible in their home. were not only functional, but also had a pleasant appearance.
The choice of heating system for a room, as a rule, stops at radiators.
They are relatively simple to install and operate, do not require large financial and energy costs, quickly heat the air in the room, and the aesthetic properties and varieties finally convince the buyer to choose radiator heating.
Types of radiators, their prices
There are several types of radiators for heating systems, which differ in the material they are made of.
When is it wiser to choose cast iron?
There is an opinion that all bad radiators are necessarily made of thick and heavy cast iron. Of course, this is not true: cast iron heating systems are used as creative author's solutions and reliable sources heat in the room.
Photo 1. Cast iron heating radiator with decorative forging. The device is installed in a floor-standing manner.
Design
Batteries of this type consist of oblong sections, each of which is divided into two parts. These components are cast from metal in factory molds, after which the halves are fastened and sealed, leaving only holes for the coolant to flow through.
Typically, batteries have different number cells, so differ in power: The more cells, the faster the air in the room heats up. These components of the radiator are connected to each other by welds and several holes for water circulation inside.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of cast iron radiators:
- No matter how many times water is drained from a cast iron battery and what quality it is, a corrosive layer does not form inside, because... Cast iron resists corrosion processes.
- Immunity to water hammer. Thick walls allow water to be supplied into the system under very high pressure, which determines their frequent use in central heating systems.
- Durability and reliability. The batteries will last for decades.
- If you heat the metal well, then it will give off heat for a very long time even after the coolant supply has stopped.
Radiator disadvantages:
- Huge weight Compared to other types of radiators, it makes it difficult to transport and install cast iron batteries.
- Each section usually requires about a liter of coolant- very important for other heating systems.
- To properly heat the walls of the battery , it is necessary to maintain constant circulation of hot water for a long time.
Average weight of one radiator section - from 4 to 7 kilograms, operating pressure - 9 atmospheres, heat transfer power - from 0.050 kW to 0.20 kW per section. Sizes may vary depending on the manufacturer.
Attention! Large batteries are mounted only on special hooks or brackets, since their weight reaches 100-150 kilograms.
As experience with such radiators shows, they can be installed once for life, and then only periodically serviced. This is the most durable type of heating available on the market. The cost of one radiator section varies from 1200 to 2500 rubles. For a finished retro radiator made of cast iron you will have to pay a 6-8 thousand rubles.
Aluminum
Such batteries do not torment the eyes with an unpleasant appearance, they heat the room well, weigh relatively little And They are still in the budget price range.
Design
Such radiators are manufactured using three methods:
- Casting: Each section is created from a mixture of aluminum and silicon. After hardening, they are connected with nipples, and the water supply channels are sealed to allow water to flow through.
- Pressing: The required number of parts are squeezed out of the metal mass using a press, which are then joined together again thanks to it.
Important! Structures of this type are non-removable, It is not possible to add additional sections.
- Anodized: 98% Aluminum is subjected to a chemical process - anodization, after which the metal acquires corrosion resistance, an increased level of heat transfer and high strength.
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Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of aluminum radiators:
- Lightweight, yet durable.
- It takes no more to heat the entire battery 10-20 minutes.
- Average section volume - 300—400 mm.
- Additional heat removal is provided due to convectors.
- Reasonable price.
Disadvantages of radiators:
- Batteries cool down quickly.
- Connections are a weak point aluminum systems; Frequent leaks are possible.
- Service guarantee - up to 15 years; only some manufacturers confirm that their device will last longer: 20-25 years.
- The metal is susceptible to corrosion processes. Anodized models are protected from this, but their cost is higher.
- Sensitivity to water hammer.
System characteristics and service life
Average weight of one part - 1.5-2 kg. Operating pressure 12–30 atmospheres. Heat dissipation - from 0.09 to 0.23 kW. Section price ~ 400-1000 rubles, anodized models - 1.5-2 times higher.
Steel: where is it better to place them?
A common heating solution for private homes and commercial premises.
Photo 2. Steel panel heating radiator. The device is mounted on the wall, with heating pipes connected from below.
home distinguishing feature —low coolant consumption And very fast heat transfer from the battery to the walls, and from them - into the air.
Reference. The system becomes as efficient as possible if you purchase radiators with convectors for each panel: 22- or 33-type.
Design
Steel (otherwise known as panel) batteries are assembled from several pre-fabricated panels. Each panel consists of two sheets of thin steel fastened together, onto which grooves were applied with a press for water circulation. The maximum number of panels in one battery is 3.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of radiators:
- Fastest heating among all systems with liquid coolant.
- So light that they can be mounted and lifted up and down the floors one person can do it.
- Low hot water consumption.
- Efficient energy consumption of the heating boiler and pump: streams of hot water quickly release heat and are immediately replaced by new ones, without stagnating in the channels.
Disadvantages of radiators:
- If the coolant supply is stopped, the walls instantly cool down.
- Metal is susceptible to corrosion when using unfiltered water and frequent exposure to air.
- Sensitivity to water hammer.
System characteristics and service life
Power: from 1.5 to 1.8 kW. Weight: medium radiator 22-type weighs ~7 kilograms. Price: ~ 5 thousand rubles. for an 11-type device and 15-17 thousand rubles. - for 33-type. Lifetime: 15-25 years. Operating pressure - 6-10 atmospheres.
Important! Most steel batteries cannot be used in apartments, since they are not able to withstand the pressure of the municipal heating network.
Bimetallic batteries
Hybrid heating option. They are perfect for heating any room due to their power and pleasant appearance.
Photo 3. Bimetallic heating battery. The product consists of ten sections, the number of which can be increased or decreased.
Design
Cast steel pipes are placed in thin aluminum cases, so bimetallic radiators can be difficult to distinguish from solid aluminum ones. This design solution allows you to quickly transfer heat from hot water to the aluminum walls, and then into the room. As a rule, it is produced with nipples between sections - if necessary, some of the parts can be removed or added.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- Life time.
- Steel core protects the entire radiator from corrosion(there is a special protective coating) and water hammer.
- Warmth from water almost instantly transferred to the steel rod and from it just as quickly - onto the sheets of an aluminum box.
- Modern look, environmental friendliness and ease of cleaning are ensured by the use of anti-corrosion coating on the outer walls of the battery.
Flaws:
- Relatively high cost.
System characteristics and service life
Power: from 0.09 to 0.20 kW. Average volume and weight of one section - 0.2 liters, 1.2 kilograms.
Maximum withstand pressure: 20-40 atm.
Radiator on 10 sections will cost the homeowner 8-12 thousand rubles, but will last ~ 30 years.
Copper is a good option for country houses
Often used in country houses, garages and cottages. Type of copper convector perfect for interiors in loft or grunge style.
Reference. Both hot water and steam can be used as a coolant in copper radiators.
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Design
One or more steel pipes are bent into a zigzag shape, after which these pipes are pierced into copper plates, which significantly improve heat transfer due to convection. The number of pipes and the number of plates in the convector determines the power of the device. Sometimes, for greater heat transfer and better safety, the radiator is placed in a steel casing that fits into any interior.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- Light weight— a copper heater can be mounted even on plasterboard walls.
- Excellent thermal conductivity and, accordingly, a good power level.
- One of the most pleasant aesthetic sets in various technical and design solutions.
- Water hammer tolerance(but over time, copper stretches, which reduces its service life) and the ability to withstand high pressure.
Photo 4. Copper heating radiator. Consists of a tube through which many copper plates pass.
Flaws:
- Copper practically does not tolerate proximity to other metals, so copper-steel or copper-aluminum radiators quickly deteriorate.
- High price quality products.
System characteristics and service life
Operating pressure 12-18 atmospheres. Maximum coolant temperature - 150 °C. Power: average 0.30 kW. The cost of a copper radiator will be approximately 11-13 thousand rubles, and the service life is 30-40 years subject to operating instructions and careful handling.
Plastic
The most budget option. The characteristics of plastic cannot be compared with metal and alloys, so the use plastic radiators justified only by economic considerations.
Design
The plastic mass is pressed using a hammer and molds. Then steel pipes are placed inside to circulate water. Additional sections cannot be added, since everything is hermetically sealed.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages:
- Low cost.
- Light weight.
Flaws:
- very low power;
- poor thermal conductivity;
- fragility of the material;
- sensitivity to pressure surges and high levels.
With proper care, the service life will be 5-10 years. Price 3-4 thousand rubles.
Electrical
In essence this is an ordinary electric heater, but slightly larger. Use is possible both in the house and in the apartment, but most often they are used in dedicated dry rooms: attic, veranda, loggia.
Design and characteristics
The design of an electric heating system is a set of heating elements, plates and convectors that transfer heat to the surrounding space. Advantages:
- Instant heating and start to warm the air in the room.
- Fast thermoregulation using a switch.
- Small size and weight.
- Nice appearance.
- Lack of coolants inside the radiator.
Disadvantages include constant electricity consumption, which can hit the budget hard if electricity is expensive in the homeowner’s region. In addition, there is a risk of short circuiting and fire, but this is minimized due to quality control in production. Medium radiator power: about 1.5 kW. Price - 4-5 thousand rubles with a service life of 3-5 years.
What are the best for central heating in an apartment?
Important condition when choosing a radiator - t Technical and structural components: heating networks in the house and communal apartment provide different meaning pressure. Autonomous (private house) - do not produce pressure anymore 10 atm., and in the pipes of a communal apartment - 16 atm.
Important! In communal apartments, pressure drops often occur - water hammer that damage heating system; This rarely happens in offline networks.
For an apartment (central heating) it is better to purchase: cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic radiators, since they tolerate high pressure and pressure changes well.
In addition, copper or steel (panel) radiators are suitable for apartments, but they are more sensitive to water hammer.
For a private home (autonomous network) you can choose any radiator, but since the pressure in the network is not so high, then the best solution the radiator will be steel, aluminum or copper.
Electrical system heating is suitable for any room with a normal level of humidity.
Useful video
Watch the video that explains how to choose the right heating radiator.
How to keep warm for a long time
Right installed system heating - regardless of type - will work for decades if all measures and precautions are followed specified in the instruction manual. But the main step is a thoughtful choice of radiators, taking into account the size and type of room, the heating system and the characteristics of the product. To guarantee, it is better to consult with the sellers in the store.
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