For each overhead crane and mobile console crane equipped with a control cabin, a landing platform must be provided for access from the workshop floor to the cabin. The distance from the floor of the landing area to the lower parts of the structure located above the floor must be at least 1800 mm.
The diagram of the first version of the landing site is shown in Fig. 4. 11. The entrance to the cabin from such a platform is carried out from the longitudinal side of the body or overpass (from the column side), and its flooring is located at the same level as the floor of the cabin or vestibule, if the cabin is equipped with a vestibule. It is permissible to install a landing platform below the level of the cabin field, but not more than 250 mm, in cases where, when positioned at the same level with the cabin floor, the height clearance (1800 mm) cannot be maintained. The gap between the landing platform and the threshold of the cabin door (vestibule) should be in the range from 60 to 350 mm.
Rice. 4 11. Layout of the landing site (option 1).
Landing platforms according to the second option (Fig. 4. 12) are arranged at the end of the crane runway with access to the cabin from the end of the building.
For such a platform, it is allowed for the cabin to collide with it by no more than 400 mm with the crane buffers fully compressed. In this case, the gap between the platform flooring and the lower part of the cabin (vertically) must be at least 100 mm and no more than 250 mm, between the cabin and the landing platform fence - at least 400 mm, and from the entrance to the cabin - at least 700 mm.
For landing platforms made according to the second option, it is impossible to bring the fence closer to the cabin by less than 400 mm, as this may cause an accident: a person standing at the railing of the fence can be pressed by the cabin or knocked down when it hits the landing. To prevent the crane operator from falling into the gap between the fence and the cabin, the entrance to the cabin should be provided on the side furthest from the edge of the platform.
The construction of landing platforms providing for landing into the cabin through a bridge (crane truss) is allowed only in justified cases when the construction of landing platforms for direct landing into the crane cabin is difficult for design or production reasons (for example, when cranes are arranged in two or three tiers, fastening cabins to the crane cargo trolley, etc.). In this case, the entrance to the crane must be provided in a specially designated place, through a door in the bridge railing, equipped with an electrical interlock. The installation of such an entrance at magnetic cranes is permissible only if the blocking does not de-energize the trolley wires that supply it, are located in a place on the crane that is inaccessible to contact, or are fenced (Article 233 of the Crane Rules).
To board the cabin, landing pads must also be provided across the bridge. It is allowed to provide such a landing from a common passage gallery (if it has a width of at least 500 mm and is fenced with railings on the side of the crane runway).
Rice. 4. 12. Layout of the landing site (option 2) a - cabin
In this case, a specific place is allocated for each crane in the gallery and a transition staircase with a landing platform is arranged. Approximate height of bridge end beams electric cranes general purpose, by which the height of the landing pads for entering the cabin through the bridge is determined, can be taken from the table. 4. 7 and fig. 4.13.
Table 4. 7 Height of end beams
When constructing landing sites, one more thing should be done: important requirement safety: structures for fastening the landing platform, located at a height of more than 1 m from its flooring, must be separated from the cabin at a distance of at least 400 mm.
Figure 4.13. End beam diagram
Figure 4 14. Platform options for access to the bridge deck: 1 - platform; 2 - stop: 3 - opening in the bridge railing; 4th side of the crane travel mechanism
The specifics of the design of the landing platform for direct entry into the cabin suspended from the crane's cargo trolley are not reflected in the Crane Rules. In this regard, the gaps between the platform and the cabin when the latter approaches the platform must be taken into account to ensure the safety of using the platform and to prevent damage to the platform due to a possible collision of the cabin with it.
The entrance to the cabin, suspended from the crane's load trolley, can be made through the bridge deck, subject to certain requirements.
Figure 4.15. Landing areas. a - option 1; b - option 2; c - option 3; d - option 4; d - option 5
Landing areas should be located on the side where the main trolley wires do not pass. An exception is allowed in the case where the trolley wires are not accessible to accidental contact by people on stairs and platforms.
To access the gallery (platform) of overhead cranes that are not equipped with a control cabin (controlled from the floor or remotely), platforms with stairs must be installed, the installation of which can be done according to one of the following options:
a) the platform and stairs are located in the plane of the building columns, and the entrance to the bridge is made from the end of the crane through the end beam (Fig. 4. 14, a). The site mark is made at the height of the head under the crane rail plus the height of the end beam. The construction of the site according to this option should be linked to the construction part of the building design. The height of the end beams should be taken according to table. 4. 7. The exit from the site to the crane runway must be closed;
b) the platform is installed at the end wall of the building, and access to the park is made from the front of the bridge, for which an opening is made in the railing of the crane gallery (Fig. 4. 14, b). The platform is located at the level of the head of the crane rail. When constructing such a platform, in the installation drawings of the crane it is necessary to indicate the side of the crane where the platform for the crane mechanisms is located. The entrance to the tap can only be arranged on this side;
c) if there is a passage gallery along the crane tracks, the entrance to the crane bridge can be made from this gallery through the end beam of the crane.
In all three options, the door in the crane bridge railing should be equipped with an electric lock.
Approximate designs of landing sites are shown in Fig. 4.15.
When developing a project, there are not always actual dimensions that determine the position of the crane cabin, therefore, on the working drawings of the landing sites it should be indicated: “When installing the landing site, it is necessary to clarify its vertical elevation and horizontal position according to the actual reference to the cabin of the crane being installed.”
2.17. Galleries, platforms and stairs
2.17.1. Galleries, platforms and stairs to provide safe access to control cabins, electrical equipment, safety devices, mechanisms and metal structures of cranes that require Maintenance, must comply with these Rules and other regulatory documents.
The design and location of the gallery, platforms and stairs on cranes and in places where cranes are installed should be determined by the projects for the manufacture and/or installation of cranes.
2.17.2. The crane must have easy entry from the ground and access to the cabin. Overhead cranes must also have a safe exit to the crane trolley. For single-girder overhead cranes and overhead double-girder cranes, galleries or platforms on the crane are not required if there is a repair platform for the crane.
2.17.3. For overhead cranes and mobile jib cranes with a gallery intended for servicing electrical equipment and mechanisms, the width of free passage through the gallery should be:
a) for moving mechanisms with a central drive - at least 500 mm;
b) for travel mechanisms with separate drive - at least 400 mm.
For the same cranes on the gallery intended for the location of trolleys, the width of the passage between the railings and the devices supporting the trolleys, as well as current collectors, must be at least 400 mm.
2.17.4. In the spans of buildings where supporting bridge cranes with classification (mode) group A6 or more according to ISO 4301/1 are installed, as well as on trestles for cranes (except for single-girder cranes with electric hoists), galleries must be arranged for passage along the crane track on both sides sides of the span.
Galleries for passage along the crane runway must be equipped with railings on the side of the span and on the opposite side if there is no wall. A gallery on an open overpass can only be equipped with railings with outside(opposite the span).
The width of the passage (in the clear) along the gallery must be at least 500 mm, the height - at least 1800 mm.
Where columns are located, a passage must be provided on the side or in the body of the column with a width of at least 400 mm and a height of at least 1800 mm. It is not permitted to leave an unfenced section of the gallery near the columns.
When constructing a passage inside a column 1000 mm before approaching it, the width of the passage along the gallery should be reduced to the width of the passage in the column. Each gallery must have access to stairs at least every 200 m.
2.17.5. Repair sites must provide convenient and safe access to mechanisms and electrical equipment.
If the distance from the floor of the repair site to the lower parts of the crane is less than 1800 mm, the door to enter the repair site must be equipped with a lock and automatic electrical locking, which relieves tension from the main trolleys of the repair site.
E5, instead of installing stationary repair platforms, the use of mobile platforms is allowed.
2.17.6. Overhead cranes controlled from the cabin (except for single-girder cranes with electric hoists) must be equipped with cabins (platforms) for servicing the main trolleys and pantographs, if they are located below the deck of the crane gallery.
The hatch for entering the cabin for servicing the main trolleys from the bridge deck must be equipped with a cover with a device for locking it.
The cabin for servicing the main trolleys must be fenced with railings at least 1000 mm high with continuous lining at the bottom to a height of 100 mm.
2.17.7. When installing entrance hatches in the floorings of walk-through galleries for repairs and other areas, their size should be at least 500×500 mm; the hatch must be equipped with an easy and convenient opening lid.
The angle between the manhole cover open position and the deck should be no more than 75°.
2.17.8. To enter the control cabin of an overhead, mobile jib crane, as well as an electric cargo trolley moving along an overhead crane runway, a landing platform with a stationary ladder must be arranged.
The distance from the floor of the landing area to the lower parts of the ceiling or protruding structures must be at least 1800 mm. The floor of the landing area must be located at the same level as the floor of the cabin or vestibule if the cabin has a vestibule. The gap between the landing platform and the threshold of the cabin door (vestibule) when the crane stops near the landing platform must be at least 60 mm and no more than 150 mm.
It is allowed to install a landing platform below the level of the cabin floor, but not more than 250 mm, in cases where when the landing platform is located at the same level with the cabin floor, the height dimension (1800 mm) cannot be maintained, as well as when the landing platform is located at the end of the building and the impossibility of maintaining the specified gap between the cabin threshold and the landing platform.
When constructing a landing platform at the end of a crane (rail) track below the level of the cabin floor, the cabin may be allowed to collide with the landing site (but not more than 400 mm) with fully compressed buffers. In this case, the gap between the landing platform and the lower part of the cabin (vertically) should be within 100-250 mm, between the cabin and the landing site fence - within 400-450 mm, from the side of the cabin entrance - within 700-750 mm.
2.17.9. Entry into the control cabin of an overhead crane through a bridge is permitted only in cases where direct entry into the cabin is impossible for structural or production reasons. In this case, the entrance to the crane must be arranged in a specially designated place through a door in the bridge railing, equipped with an electrical lock and an audible alarm.
For magnetic cranes, entry into the control cabin through the bridge is not allowed, except in cases where the trolleys feeding the load electromagnet are fenced or located in a place inaccessible to contact and are not turned off by electrically blocking the crane entrance door.
2.17.10. The flooring of galleries, platforms and passages must be made of metal or other durable materials meeting the requirements fire safety. The flooring should be installed along the entire length and width of the gallery or platform.
The metal flooring must be made in such a way as to prevent the possibility of feet slipping (expanded steel, corrugated, perforated sheets, etc.). When using decking with holes, one of the hole dimensions should not exceed 20 mm.
2.17.11. Galleries, platforms, passages and staircases located in areas where live trolleys or bare wires are located, regardless of the presence of entrance locks, must be fenced to prevent accidental contact with trolleys or bare wires.
2.17.12. Platforms and galleries intended for access and maintenance of cranes, end beams of bridge-type cranes must be fenced with railings with a height of at least 1000 mm with a continuous fence at the bottom to a height of 100 mm and an intermediate link located in the middle of the opening.
Railings and fences below should also be installed with end sides trolleys of bridge-type cranes, and in the absence of a gallery - along the crane bridge and on the longitudinal sides of the trolley.
On the end beam and trolley of an overhead or mobile jib crane, the height of the handrail can be reduced to 800 mm if the dimensions of the building do not allow the installation of a handrail with a height of 1000 mm.
The posts on the landing platform, to which the railings or landing structure fastening structures are attached, located at a height of more than 1000 mm from its flooring, must be at least 400 mm away from the cabin.
End beams and load trolleys of bridge-type cranes, in which the lifting mechanism is electric hoist, railings and fences may not be equipped.
2.17.13. Portal cranes must have a safe entrance from the portal ladder to the platform located around the portal head in any position of the rotating part of the crane.
The height from the flooring of this platform to the lower protruding elements of the turning part must be at least 1800 mm. Entry from the portal to the rotating part of the crane must be possible in any position of the rotating part.
2.17.14. Stairs for access from the floor to platforms and galleries of overhead cranes, tower and portal cranes must be at least 600 mm wide. The width of stairs located on the crane, with the exception of stairs with a height of no more than 1500 mm, must be at least 500 mm.
Stairs with a height of less than 1500 mm located on the crane, as well as stairs for entering from the cabin to the gallery of an overhead or mobile console crane, can be made at least 350 mm wide.
2.17.15. The distance between steps should be no more than 300 mm for steeply inclined ladders, 250 mm for inclined landing ladders and 200 mm for inclined landing ladders of tower cranes.
The pitch of the steps must be maintained along the entire height of the stairs. The steps of steeply inclined stairs must be at least 150 mm away from the metal structures of the crane.
2.17.16. Stairs for access from the floor to landing, repair platforms and galleries for passage along the crane runway must be located so as to prevent the possibility of pinching people on them by a moving crane or its cabin.
2.17.17. Inclined stairs must be equipped with railings on both sides with a height of at least 1000 mm relative to the steps and have flat metal steps width of at least 150 mm, eliminating the possibility of slipping.
2.17.18. On steeply inclined stairs, guards in the form of arcs must be installed, starting from a height of 2500 mm from the base of the stairs. The arcs must be located at a distance of at least 800 mm from each other and connected to each other by at least three longitudinal stripes.
The distance from the stairs to the arc should be at least 700 mm and no more than 800 mm with an arc radius of 350-400 mm. Fencing in the form of arcs is not required if the staircase passes inside a lattice column with a cross-section of no more than 900x900 mm or a tubular tower with a diameter of no more than 1000 mm.
The installation of steeply inclined stairs above hatches is not allowed. When the height of stairs is more than 10 m, platforms must be installed every 6-8 m. When stairs are located inside a tubular tower, such platforms may not be arranged.
2.17.19. Stairs for entering platforms for servicing jib cranes must be stationary, folding (retractable) with a handrail height at the entrance to the platform of at least 150 mm.
Handrails must be covered with low thermal conductivity material.
The steps must be at least 320 mm wide in increments of 250 to 400 mm. The height from the surface of the ground or platform to the first step should be no more than 400 mm.
The rules for cranes regulate the construction of stairs intended for access from the workshop floor to landing and repair platforms and galleries located along the crane tracks, as well as stairs located on the crane itself.
The requirements for ladders located outside the crane and for ladders located on the crane are different.
Stairs for access from the workshop floor to platforms and galleries located outside the crane must be inclined with an angle of inclination to the horizon of no more than 60° and a width of at least 600 mm. The width of the stairs is taken to be the clear distance between the inner edges of the railings. The steps of these stairs are made of at least 120 mm wide from steel corrugated or smooth sheets with fused relief. For newly installed stairs, the use of steps made of rods is not allowed.
The location of ladders must prevent the possibility of pinching people on them by a moving crane or its cabin. On previously completed stairs in dangerous places Solid or mesh fencing should be provided. The stairs on the crane itself are made vertical or with any required angle of inclination; the width of these stairs is taken to be at least 500 mm.
For ladders with a height of less than 1.5 m located on the crane, as well as for ladders intended to exit from the cabin to the gallery of bridge-type or mobile cantilever cranes, the width may be reduced to 350 mm. For convenience and safety of use, the steps of vertical stairs must be separated from the metal structure of the crane at a distance of at least 150 mm, since otherwise it is difficult to place your foot on the step and the possibility of falling from the stairs cannot be ruled out.
The fencing of vertical stairs is made with arcs located at a distance of no more than 800 mm from each other and interconnected by at least three longitudinal strips. The distance from the stairs to the arc must be no less than 700 and no more than 800 mm with an arc radius of 400 mm.
Such fencing is carried out for stairs with a height of more than 5 m, starting from a height of 3 m. If the staircase on the crane is located at an angle to the horizon of more than 75°, then the requirements for fencing vertical stairs fully apply to it. Arc guards are not required if the staircase runs inside a lattice column with a cross-section of no more than 900 x 900 mm or a tubular tower with a diameter of no more than 1000 mm.
When the height of stairs is more than 10 m, platforms should be arranged every 6-8 m. When stairs are located inside a tubular tower, such platforms may not be arranged.
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195. The crane must have easy access to the cabin. Overhead cranes must have a safe exit to the crane trolley. For single-girder and suspended double-girder overhead cranes, galleries or platforms on the crane are not required if there is a repair platform in the span in which it is installed.
196. On bridge-type cranes and mobile jib cranes with a gallery intended for servicing electrical equipment and mechanisms, the width of the free passage should be:
A) in the area where movement mechanisms with a central drive are located - at least 500 mm;
B) in the area where movement mechanisms with separate drives are located - at least 400 mm.
In the area where trolleys are located, the width of the passage between the handrails and the devices supporting the trolleys, as well as current collectors, must be at least 400 mm.
In the spans of buildings in which supporting overhead bridge cranes with classification group (mode) A6 are installed, as well as on trestles for cranes (except for single-girder and suspended double-girder cranes), galleries must be arranged for passage along the rail track on both sides of the span.
197. Galleries for passage along the rail track must be equipped with railings on the side of the span and on the opposite side in the absence of a wall. A gallery on an open overpass can be equipped with railings with a height of at least 1100 mm only on the outer side (opposite the span).
198. The width of the passage (clear) along the gallery for passage along the rail track must be at least 500 mm, the height - at least 1800 mm.
199. Where columns are located, a passage must be provided on the side or in the body of the column with a width of at least 400 mm and a height of at least 1800 mm. It is not permitted to leave an unfenced section of the gallery near the columns.
200. When constructing a passage inside a column 1000 mm before approaching it, the width of the passage along the gallery should be reduced to the width of the passage in the column. Each gallery must have access to stairs at least every 200 m.
201. Repair sites must provide convenient and safe access to the mechanisms and electrical equipment of the crane.
202. When the distance from the floor of the repair site to the lower parts of the crane is less than 1800 mm, the door to enter the repair site must be equipped with a lock and automatic electrical interlock that relieves tension from the main trolleys of the repair site.
203. Instead of constructing stationary repair platforms, it is allowed to use mobile platforms that can safely withstand the load specified in their passport.
204. Overhead cranes controlled from the cabin (except for single-girder and suspended double-girder cranes) must be equipped with cabins (platforms) for servicing the main trolleys and pantographs, if they are located below the deck of the crane gallery. Cranes with cable current supply are not required to be equipped with the specified means of access.
205. The hatch for entering the cabin for servicing the main trolleys from the bridge deck must be equipped with a cover with a device for locking it.
206. The cabin for servicing the main trolleys must be fenced with railings no less than 1100 mm high with continuous lining along the bottom 100 mm high.
207. The size of hatches installed for entry into the flooring of walk-through galleries of repair and other areas should be at least 500 x 500 mm. In this case, the hatch must be equipped with an easily and conveniently opening lid.
208. The angle between the hatch cover in the open position and the deck should be no more than 75°.
209. To enter the control cabin of an overhead, mobile jib crane, as well as an electric cargo trolley moving along an overhead rail track, a landing platform with a stationary ladder must be arranged.
210. The distance from the floor of the landing area to the lower parts of the ceiling or protruding structures must be at least 1800 mm. The floor of the landing area must be located at the same level as the floor of the cabin or vestibule if the cabin has a vestibule. The gap between the landing platform and the threshold of the cabin door (vestibule) when the crane stops near the landing platform must be at least 60 mm and no more than 150 mm.
211. It is allowed to install a landing platform below the level of the cabin floor, but not more than 250 mm in the event that when the landing platform is located at the same level with the cabin floor, the height clearance (1800 mm) cannot be maintained, as well as when the landing platform is located at the end of the building and the impossibility of maintaining the specified gap between the cabin threshold and the landing platform.
212. When constructing a landing platform at the end of the rail track below the level of the cabin floor, it is allowed for the cabin to collide with the landing site (but not more than 400 mm) with fully compressed buffers. The gap between the landing platform and the lower part of the cabin (vertically) should be in the range from 100 mm to 250 mm, between the cabin and the landing platform fence - in the range from 400 mm to 450 mm, from the side of the cabin entrance - in the range from 700 mm up to 750 mm.
213. Entry into the control cabin of an overhead crane through the bridge is allowed only if direct entry into the cabin is impossible for structural or production reasons. In this case, the entrance to the crane must be arranged in a specially designated place through a door in the bridge railing, equipped with an electrical lock and an audible alarm.
214. The flooring of galleries, platforms and passages must be made of metal or other durable materials that meet fire safety requirements. The flooring should be installed along the entire length and width of the gallery or platform.
215. The flooring must be made in such a way as to prevent the possibility of feet slipping. In the case of decking with holes, no hole size should exceed 20 mm.
216. Galleries, platforms, passages and stairs located in areas where trolleys or bare wires are located, regardless of the presence of entrance locks, must be fenced to prevent accidental contact with trolleys or bare wires.
217. Platforms and galleries, end beams of bridge-type cranes, intended for access and (or) servicing of cranes, must be fenced with railings with a height of at least 1100 mm with a continuous fence along the bottom with a height of 100 mm.
218. On the end beam and trolley of an overhead or mobile jib crane, the height of the handrail can be reduced to 800 mm if the dimensions of the building do not allow the installation of handrails with a height of 1100 mm.
219. Railings and guardrails along the bottom should also be installed on the end sides of the trolley of bridge-type cranes, and in the absence of a gallery - along the crane bridge and on the longitudinal sides of the trolley.
220. The posts on the landing platform, to which the railings or landing structure fastening structures are attached, located at a height of more than 1100 mm from its flooring, must be at least 400 mm away from the cabin.
221. The end beams of bridge-type cranes having a width of no more than 300 mm, as well as cranes that use an electric hoist as a lifting mechanism, may not be protected with railings if, according to the operating manual (instructions), their end beams are not intended for servicing the crane .
222. Stairs for access from the floor to platforms and galleries of overhead cranes must be at least 600 mm wide. The width of stairs located on the crane, with the exception of stairs with a height of no more than 1500 mm, must be at least 500 mm.
223. Stairs with a height of less than 1500 mm located on the crane, as well as stairs for exiting the cabin to the gallery of an overhead or mobile console crane, can be made with a width of at least 350 mm.
224. The distance between steps should be no more than 300 mm for steeply inclined stairs and 250 mm for inclined landing stairs.
225. The pitch of the steps must be maintained along the entire height of the stairs. The steps of steeply inclined stairs must be at least 150 mm away from the metal structures of the crane.
226. Stairs for access from the floor to landing, repair platforms and galleries for passage along the rail track must be located so as to prevent the possibility of pinching the personnel on them by a moving crane or its cabin, and must be free and safe for personnel movement. It is not allowed to clutter these stairs and store foreign objects on them.
227. On steeply inclined stairs, guards in the form of arcs must be installed, starting from a height of 2500 mm from the base of the stairs. The arcs must be located at a distance of at least 800 mm from each other and connected to each other by at least three longitudinal strips.
228. The distance from the stairs to the arc must be at least 700 mm and no more than 800 mm with an arc radius of 350 mm to 400 mm. Arc guards are not required if the staircase runs inside a lattice column with a cross-section of not more than 900 x 900 mm or a tubular tower with a diameter of not more than 1000 mm.
229. The installation of steeply inclined stairs above hatches is not allowed. When the height of stairs is more than 10 m, platforms must be installed every 6 - 8 m. When stairs are located inside a tubular tower, such platforms may not be arranged.
230. Inclined stairs located on cranes (except for jib-type cranes) must be equipped on both sides with railings with a height of at least 1100 mm relative to the steps and have flat metal steps with a width of at least 150 mm, eliminating the possibility of slipping.
231. Stairs for entering platforms for servicing jib-type cranes must be stationary and (or) folding (retractable) with a handrail height at the entrance to the platform of at least 1500 mm.
232. Steps must be at least 320 mm wide with steps from 250 mm to 400 mm. The height from the surface of the floor or platform to the first step should be no more than 400 mm.
GOST 32576.5-2013
INTERSTATE STANDARD
LOAD-LIFTING CRANES
Means of access, fencing and protection
Part 5
Overhead and gantry cranes
Cranes - Access, guards and restraints. Part 5: Bridge and gantry cranes
ISS 53.020.20
Date of introduction 2015-06-01
Preface
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established in GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules, recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption , updates and cancellations"
Standard information
1 DESIGNED Closed joint stock company"RATTE" (JSC "RATTE")
2 INTRODUCED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated November 14, 2013 N 44-2013)
The following voted for adoption:
Short name of the country according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97 | Abbreviated name of the national standardization body |
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Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia |
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Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstandard |
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Moldova-Standard |
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Rosstandart |
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Tajikistan | Tajikstandard |
4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated August 22, 2014 N 942-st, the interstate standard GOST 32576.5-2013 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from June 1, 2015
5 This standard complies with the international standard ISO 11660-5:2001* "Cranes - Access, guards and restraints. Part 5: Bridge and gantry cranes".
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* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting Customer Support. - Database manufacturer's note.
Level of conformity - nonequivalent (NEQ)
6 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system common use- on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
Introduction
Introduction
This standard is part of the series of standards "Lifting cranes. Means of access, fencing and protection" and establishes special requirements to means of access, protection and fencing used in the design of overhead and gantry cranes to ensure safety during operation, including maintenance, monitoring of technical condition, installation, dismantling and in emergency situations in order to protect personnel from moving parts, falling objects or live parts.
The standard was developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions international standard ISO 11660-5:2001 "Cranes - Access, guards and restraints. Part 5: Bridge and gantry cranes" . Application of the provisions of this standard on a voluntary basis can be used to confirm and assess the compliance of load-lifting cranes with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "On the safety of machinery and equipment" (TR CU 010/2011).
1 area of use
This standard contains General requirements to means of access, fencing and protection of overhead and gantry cranes (hereinafter referred to as “cranes”) according to the classification installed in the operating position, and regulates special requirements for means of access, protection and fencing used in the design of cranes to ensure safety during operation, in including maintenance, monitoring of technical condition, installation, dismantling and in emergency situations in order to protect personnel from moving parts, falling objects or live parts.
General requirements for means of access, fencing and protection for cranes are established in the national standards of the states mentioned in the preface as having voted for the adoption of the interstate standard *.
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GOST R 55178-2012
This standard is applicable to all new overhead and gantry cranes manufactured after one year of approval. The standard is not intended to require replacement or upgrade of existing equipment. However, when modernizing equipment, the requirements for its properties must be revised in accordance with this standard. If compliance with the requirements of the standard during modernization causes significant changes design, then the possibility and necessity of bringing the equipment into compliance with the requirements of this standard must be determined by the manufacturer (designer), and in his absence, by the organization performing its functions, and subsequent changes must be made by the owner (user) within one year.
2 Normative references
This standard uses references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 13556-91 Tower cranes. General technical conditions
GOST 27555-87 (ISO 4306-1-85) Lifting cranes. Terms and Definitions.
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for this year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
This standard uses the terms with corresponding definitions given in GOST 27555, -, as well as the following:
3.1
landing site: A platform permanently fixed to the structures of a workshop or overpass and used to ensure safe entry to the crane.
3.2
mobile means of access: Access means used to perform installation, maintenance or repair work on a crane and delivered to the work area only for the duration of the work.
4 Accessibility system
4.1 General provisions
This part of the standard deals with means of access to cranes moving along overhead or ground tracks, as well as to their elements and assemblies for operation, repair and maintenance.
Must be provided safe means access to all elements of the crane that require the presence of service personnel for installation, maintenance and management.
Access to the tap and its components in the general case, it is provided by a system of access means, consisting of stairs, platforms and galleries, equipped with railings, and other elements that provide the necessary level of safety for operating personnel.
4.2 Overhead cranes in buildings or on overpasses
4.2.1 Access to the crane landing area
Access to overhead cranes controlled from the cabin must be from landing platforms permanently attached to the structures of the workshop or overpass.
Stairs for access from the floor to landing areas and their guards must comply with the requirements for means of access, fencing and protection for cranes, which are established in the national standards of the states mentioned in the preface as having voted for the adoption of the interstate standard *.
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* In the Russian Federation, GOST R 55178-2012 (ISO 11660-1:2008) "Lifting cranes. Means of access, fencing and protection. Part 1. General provisions" is in force.
Recommended means of access to landing sites, depending on the height of their location, are given in Table 1.
Table 1 - Recommended means of access
Height of the landing platform from the floor, m | |
from 1 to 15 inclusive | Stairs Inclined stairs Steeply inclined stairs Vertical stairs |
St. 15 to 25 | Stairs |
Powered access devices Ladder |
4.2.2 Landing area
4.2.2.1 Access to the crane must be from the landing platform. Landing area guards must comply with the requirements for guards installed on the crane. The opening for access to the tap must be equipped with a self-closing door.
4.2.2.2 The door for access to the crane can be:
- hinged, opening inside the landing area;
- sliding in horizontal or vertical direction.
Opening swing door outside the landing area is not allowed.
4.2.2.3 In cases where, when the landing platform is located at the same level with the cabin floor, the height clearance cannot be maintained, the levels of the landing platform flooring and the flooring of the corresponding platform on the crane may differ in height by no more than 10 mm when the landing floors are located platform and crane at the same level or from 180 to 250 mm when the crane deck is located above the level of the landing platform (running over it) (Figure 1, c).
c - Gaps when hitting the landing area
1 - direction of movement of the crane; 2 - crane platform; 3 - landing pad
Figure 1 a) | Figure 1 b) | Figure 1 c) |
180250 (when the crane deck is located above the level of the landing platform (running over it)) |
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Minimum distances between the railings of the crane platform and the landing platform All dimensions in mm |
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Figure 1 - Clearances between the landing platform and the crane structure
4.2.2.4 Clearances between the landing platform and the crane platform or cabin shall be as shown in Figure 1. If the specified clearances cannot be ensured, other measures shall be taken to provide an equivalent degree of safety against pinching, cutting and falling from height.
4.2.3 Alternative crane access system
4.2.3.1 General requirements
An alternative access system (for example, through a bridge) to the overhead crane cabin is permitted only in cases where direct entry into the cabin is not possible for design or production reasons. In this case, the entrance to the crane must be arranged in a specially designated place through a door in the bridge railing.
As a rule, access to the crane is carried out through stairs, passages and galleries attached to the structures of the workshop or overpass. All stairs, passages, ramps on the crane bridge and on the crane access galleries, as well as power supply trolleys, must be fenced on all open sides in accordance with the requirements for fencing installed on the crane. In this case, appropriate passages and clearances must be provided (Figures 2 and 3). Where it is not possible to provide the required clearances, for example in existing buildings, other measures should be taken to provide an equivalent degree of safety.
Access to the crane bridge and trolleys via stationary vertical ladders is allowed only in cases where the installation of ladders and inclined ladders is impossible.
1 - railing A; 2 - railing B; 3 - cart
Figure 2 - Walk through the bridge gallery
1 - railing A; 2 - railing B; 3 - Column; 4 - wall
Figure 3 - Passage to the crane along a gallery in a workshop or on an overpass
Note - Railing A can be excluded if 600 mm; railing B can be excluded if 1000 mm or railing A exists. At a distance of 100 mm and 500 mm from the fence to the power components, it is recommended to install two knee stops, dividing the railing height into three parts. This reduces the risk of feet getting into the danger zone, and also reduces the risk of getting caught when moving to the crane in places where there is no special opening in the fences.
4.2.3.2 Crane access control
Access to an operating crane by maintenance personnel may only be granted with the permission of the crane operator (crane operator).
If communication with the crane operator is difficult, consideration should be given to using a Request Permission to Landing system, which should inform the crane operator (crane operator) of a request to board a person who requires access to the crane. The request can be made using a light or sound signal using a button on the landing pad, as well as using various intercom devices.
Factors that necessitate the use of the Landing Permission Request system are as follows:
- speed of movement of the crane;
- visibility of the access point from the crane operator’s position;
- working conditions - insufficient visibility, noise, etc.
4.3 Access to gantry cranes
The general requirements for the installation of means of access to gantry cranes moving along ground tracks are the same as for overhead cranes (see 4.2).
When designing access facilities for gantry cranes, it should be taken into account that the main risk factors are the risk of impact or collision with people near the crane supports or the trolley. Crane access ladders should be located, if possible, in such a way as to prevent contact with nearby people. If this is not possible, then steeply inclined or vertical ladders attached to the metal structure of the crane should be used. The distance from the ground to the first arc of the fence of such stairs should be 3 m.
If the gantry crane cabin is located at a height of more than 20 m, powered access means (elevator, crane hoist) should be used. When using powered access means, alternative means of access (ladders) must be provided.
4.4 Access to the cabin located on the crane trolley
If the control cabin is located on a crane trolley (mobile cabin), the means of access to the cabin must meet the requirements of 4.1-4.3 of this standard.
4.5 Requirements for crane lifts (elevators)
4.5.1 Crane lifts (elevators) must comply with the requirements of GOST 13556.
4.5.2 The lifting capacity must be at least 160 kg.
5 Access means for crane maintenance
5.1 General requirements
Overhead and gantry cranes must have a safe exit to the crane trolley.
When selecting access means for crane maintenance and repair, the following factors should be considered:
- the frequency of access required in accordance with the instructions of the crane manufacturer;
- time required to perform maintenance work;
- time required to access the service point;
- time required to perform work at a given point;
- size of moved elements.
It is preferable to use fixed means of access (platforms, stairs, etc.). If it is impossible to install stationary means of access to access individual components of the crane, it is allowed to use mobile means of access.
If a crane is intended to be used to service a building, its design must provide for appropriate passages and special platforms.
5.2 Mobile access
5.2.1 The need to use mobile means of access should be determined by the crane operation and repair manual. The orientation and spatial location of the mobile access device should facilitate its use.
5.2.2 It is recommended to use the following mobile access devices:
- towers (scaffolding);
- separate systems stairs;
- mechanically driven lifting platforms;
- various cradles, including those suspended on the hook of the crane itself (for example, for inspecting the metal structures of the main beams).
Note - the use of portable ladders with a height of more than 2 m does not provide the required level of safety.
5.2.3 Requirements for cradles suspended on a crane hook
5.2.3.1 Cradles must comply with the safety requirements for equipment for lifting people.
5.2.3.2 The dimensions (length and width) of the cradle must be no less than 0.500.35 m.
5.2.3.3 When choosing the lifting capacity of the cradle, the required number of personnel and the weight of the tool should be taken into account.
5.2.3.4 The cradle operating manual and information plates on the cradle must contain:
- permissible load and the number of people in the cradle;
- method of landing in the cradle;
- warnings about possible risks(for example, entanglement in ropes).
5.3 Use of local service sites
Local platforms provide access to individual crane elements for maintenance and repair. It is recommended to use such sites as an alternative to mobile means of access (see 5.2). These areas must be accessible by mobile means or fixed access means mounted on a crane.
If access to the site is carried out from a crane, then access to the site must be provided necessary stairs and fences (Figure 2). The site must be fenced on all sides. If an equivalent level of safety is provided by the crane components, handrails may not be installed.
6 Overall height
6.1 Height to the ceiling of the building, to the lower belt roof trusses or to objects attached to them, as well as to the lower point of another crane operating on a tier above, is defined as the distance from the highest point of the crane to their lowest point.
The specified distance must be at least 400 mm. In this case, possible deformation of the ceiling should be taken into account (for example, under the influence of snow load). IN special cases(for example, installation of cranes in existing buildings) it is allowed to reduce the overall height to 100 mm with a safety justification.
6.2 The overall height of the passage to the control cabin must be at least 2.0 m.
6.3 The overall height of passages and platforms for servicing the crane must be at least 1.8 m. separate areas the height may be reduced to 1.4 m for a period of no more than 1 m. Such places must be provided with warning notices and/or appropriate warning paint.
6.4 Emergency exit
6.4.1 If access to the control cabin is not possible in any position of the crane, a backup (emergency) way of exiting the cabin should be provided in the event of a crane malfunction or the need for urgent evacuation.
6.4.2 The devices and accessories specified in Table 2 provide a sufficient level of safety, provided that at least 25% of the floor area under the tap is free from equipment and products, and the products do not pose a danger (not hot, not toxic, etc. ).
Table 2 - Recommended emergency exit devices
Height of the cabin or adjacent platform to the ground or floor, m | Device |
Rope ladder, rope with knots or with a safety lock, rope descender |
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Telescopic or folding ladder, rope descent device |
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from 1 to 15 and above | Inertial reels and belts, rope release device |
7 Protection and fencing
7.1 Protection from defeat electric shock must meet the requirements.
7.2 Guarding moving parts
Cranes moving on rails must be equipped with devices for cleaning the rails from foreign objects. The gap between the bottom of the device and the rail should be no more than 10 mm.
Moving parts of crane mechanisms (protruding ends of shafts and axles, belt, chain and gear drives, couplings, pulleys, wheels, etc.) located in the passage area must be fenced.
Bibliography
ISO 4306-1:2007 Cranes - Vocabulary. Part 1. General terms(ISO 4306-1 Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 1: General). |
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ISO 11660-1:2008 Lifting cranes. Means of access, fencing and protection. Part 1: General (ISO 11660-1:2008 Cranes - Access, guards and restraints - Part 1: General). |
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ISO 14122-1:2001 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 1. Choice of fixed means of access between two levels (ISO 14122-1:2001 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machinery. Part 1. Choice of fixed means of access between two levels) |
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ISO 14122-1:2001/Amd. 1:2010 Machine safety. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 1. Selection of fixed means of access between two levels. Amendment 1. (ISO 14122-1:2001/Amd. 1:2010 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels - Amendment 1) |
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ISO 14122-2:2001 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 2. Working platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2001 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machinery. Part 2. Working platforms and walkways) |
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ISO 14122-2:2001/Amd. 1:2010 Machine safety. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 2. Working platforms and bridges. Amendment 1 (ISO 14122-2:2001/Amd. 1:2010 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working platforms and walkways - Amendment 1) |
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ISO 14122-3:2001 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 3. Ladders, ladders and railings (ISO 14122-3:2001 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machinery. Part 3. Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails) |
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ISO 14122-3:2001/Amd. 1:2010 Machine safety. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 3. Ladders, ladders and railings. Amendment 1. (ISO 14122-3:2001/Amd. 1:2010 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machinery. Part 3. Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails - Amendment 1). |
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ISO 14122-4:2004 Safety of machinery. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 4. Stationary stairs(ISO 14122-4:2004 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed ladders) |
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ISO 14122-4:2004/Amd. 1:2010 Machine safety. Permanent means of access to machines. Part 4. Stationary stairs. Amendment 1 (ISO 14122-4:2004/Amd. 1:2010 Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 4: Fixed ladders - Amendment 1) |
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IEC 60204-32(2008), Electrical equipment of industrial machines. Safety. Part 32. Requirements for lifting mechanisms(IEC 60204-32(2008) Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines). |
UDC 621.873:531.2:006.354 | ISS 53.020.20 |
Key words: load-lifting cranes, overhead cranes, gantry cranes, means of access, fencing, protection |
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Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2014