I present to you - POSITIVE BEATS, produced by Akrilanas (supplier of Ars-hobby)
Information from the manufacturer's website:
Positive water-based stain for painting wooden surfaces. Highlights the wood structure and adds color.
Mode of application. Use a sponge or brush to cover the surface with stain. Dry for an hour. Stain can be applied in one or several layers. After application, wait until completely dry. Cover with varnish so that the stain does not migrate (penetrate into the upper layers of paint) during further decoration of the surface.
To obtain an aging effect, cover the wooden surface with stain. After an hour, apply light paint. When migrating, the stain will unevenly color the subsequent coat of paint. To enhance the migration effect, wipe with a wet sponge the areas where pronounced abrasions are necessary.
My impressions- interesting aging for works in Provence and Country style. In essence, this is the same stain, but with deeper penetration and also has the ability to migrate into the overlying layers of paint. It is better to cover the top with white paint; the resulting stains depend on the difference in the thickness of the paint layer. A more interesting effect is when applied to solid wood with a pronounced structure; the subsequent migration of the stain emphasizes it very well. Cover the top with NON-AQUEOUS varnish, otherwise the stain begins to migrate intensively and can greatly change the resulting aging effect. However, if you dry the work very well (preferably a couple of days), then such strong migration does not occur and you can coat it with water-based varnish, but immediately dry it with a hairdryer.
Examples of painting with different colors:
Each board shows pure color, then painted with white paint in one, two and three layers. The stains look best on solid wood, the structure of the wood is clearly visible, but on plywood it’s worse.
On this topic, I’ll show you an experiment with blue stain. I applied blue stain boldly to the brush with firing, and white paint with a dry brush to the completely dried stain. The lilac color was very intense. Dried it. I went over it with a sander and again dry brushed the white paint. After sanding I added a green patina
Source: http://salon-dekora.ucoz.ru
If you opened the wood with stain, this will allow it to retain its texture for a long time, while changing the color of the product. By changing the color, you will get a high-quality imitation of a valuable species from a poor type of wood.
If you compare the staining process and the painting process, there is only one significant difference: when you stain, the wood pattern is not covered by the dye; on the contrary, it begins to appear clearer and brighter. It is worth remembering that wood fibers and pores absorb moisture differently, which means the structure will be contrasting. Let us remember that the summer part of the annual layer of a tree is, by definition, much denser than the spring part. This means that when painting, loose layers of wood will absorb more coloring matter, and accordingly they will be a little darker when compared in color with dense layers. If you pre-treat the surface, the stain you apply will penetrate deeply into the pores, but it will not clog them.
Do not think that stain will color any wood equally, because each tree is heterogeneous in structure and at the same time they have a different composition of chemicals. The color of the wood will be influenced by the age of the tree, as well as where the stained product will be located, etc. Before you start staining, remember that resinous trees practically do not absorb stain, which means you are unlikely to be able to change the natural color of the wood. That is, if you still decide to change the color of coniferous wood, de-resin it first. Also, stain is absorbed differently depending on how the wood was painted, along or across the grain. For example, it is damp wood that absorbs stain evenly very well, it is stained quickly, and the penetration of the stain into the interior is also more intense. It follows from this that it is better to moisten the tree first.
Stain can be sold in two types, ready-made and in powder form. If you purchased powdered stain, then use the instructions for use, the only caveat is distilled water, in which it is best to dilute the stain. If you don't have distilled water, you can use plain water, but add one teaspoon of baking soda to it to make it softer. Depending on whether you need a dark or light color, decide on the concentration of the stain solution. And also, if after you have diluted the stain, the solution turns out to be cloudy, then you will have to filter the stain using paper, cotton wool or thick cloth.
The stain is applied to the product manually, but in some cases you can use a sprayer. If you want the stain to soak into the wood more deeply, you may want to warm it up a little. The surface to be treated must be heavily moistened with stain, and then quickly leveled along the grain. Don't let streaks appear because they are very difficult to get rid of. When you treat vertical surfaces, try to apply the solution from the bottom up, rather than the usual top to bottom.
Now stain is the only brown dye, if we talk about natural dyes, but it can be replaced without problems; there are a lot of synthetic dyes for this. After research, it was proven that any synthetic dyes that are used for wool and cotton fabrics are suitable. And finally, remember that stain is not a protection for wooden surfaces; only varnish or special oil can protect wood from rotting or aging.
Wood is one of the most accessible and widespread materials in our everyday life.
Composition of stain
The chemical composition of stain is made up of two parts - the base and the color.
When applying the composition to a wooden surface, the base penetrates deep into the surface, entraining color particles with it.
In the future, the base may completely bind to the wood or evaporate.
Evaporating bases include water and alcohol. Binding agents include acrylic, wax and oils. As a rule, wood stain, the price for which is not very high, is water-based:
- The base of the stain can be simple or complex. Modern technologies at a chemical plant make it possible to make stains that are quite strong, durable and use bases that were not used at all before. In general, making a stain and using it to imitate a noble type of wood was very profitable for many carpenters of the past. Therefore, there are a number of artisanal recipes for preparing wood stain. The really good recipes were kept secret.
- The second part, which is an essential component of the stain, is the dye. It is this that determines the final appearance of the surface. Both natural and artificial materials are used as dyes. Of the natural ones, onion peels, rosin-based compounds, a strong coffee solution and other dyes were often used in homemade stains. Artificial dyes are much more interesting, as they allow you to get a wider range of colors.
How to determine the right stain for wood and where to buy it? As a rule, high-quality stain is quite expensive - more expensive than just for wood. It is best to purchase it in specialized stores, using products from well-known companies.
After all, if you make a poor-quality coating, you can ruin the entire product, since it penetrates quite deeply into the layers of wood.
It often contains additional substances, for example, fixatives, which prevent the color from fading in the sun and destruction due to abrasion. You can also often find substances that form a thin film on the surface of wood, giving it gloss and protecting it from scratches.
How to use to make the surface look good
To apply stain efficiently, just follow fairly simple instructions:
- The surface of the wood is carefully sanded, all scratches, potholes and mechanical damage are removed.
- To obtain a high-quality texture that will be visible under the stain, it is recommended to treat the surface not with sandpaper or other abrasives, but to sand it.
- The surface of the wood is cleaned of dust and dirt.
- The stain is prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The best result is obtained if the stain is preheated.
- When working with alcohol compounds, it is necessary to open all windows in the room to avoid an unpleasant odor.
- The composition is applied to the surface of the wood using a sponge, brush, or roller. It is most convenient to use a sponge.
- In some cases, the surface is polished immediately after application.
- The wood surface is allowed to dry. Drying is usually done naturally.
- Treatment is carried out with additional compounds or subsequent layers of stain are applied, if necessary.
It is best to purchase stain in slightly larger quantities than necessary, and if several bottles will be used for processing, it is advisable to mix them all together before doing so. This is done because the composition and color of the stain may vary slightly from batch to batch and even from one bottle to another.
Before applying to the surface of the product, you need to test the stain on a small piece of wood from the same species. If the result is satisfactory, the product is processed in the same way as the test sample was processed before.
Additional compositions with which stain is used
In total, there are two additional methods of decorative processing of products coated with stain - this is coating the product with varnish and polishing using various polishes.
The polish itself may contain coloring compounds that change the color of the stain, create additional play and emphasize the texture of the wood.
However, polishing will require great skill from the furniture maker.
It is much easier to apply a protective varnish or glaze over the stain. They will extend the life of the wood, but the texture of the wood will not look as natural. However, if you use high-quality varnish, then the wood covered with stain will receive additional charm and it will become almost impossible for the uninitiated to distinguish a real noble tree from pine or spruce covered with a layer of stain.
Additionally, the surface of the wood can be treated with anti-rotting compounds and compounds against wood-boring insects. Please note that these compounds may change the color of the stain. Therefore, it is best to initially purchase a stain with protective properties.
Caring for stained products
Products that are coated with stain require the same care as regular wood. After final drying, the surface of the treated wood can be wiped with a slightly damp cloth, vacuumed, and dust removed. It is not advisable to use any chemicals to clean the surface.
You can learn how to apply stain to wood from the video:
The pinnacle of nature's creations, in a large list of building and structural materials, is, of course, wood. Its unique physical and mechanical properties have been known for a long time, and it is thanks to them that wood has been used for various structures and the manufacture of products for thousands of years. If we are talking about products that surround us in everyday life (doors, floors, stairs, furniture, etc.), then the aesthetic characteristics of wood come to the fore: a variety of shades, unique texture, fancy patterns, natural warmth, pleasant to the touch .
Lumber - in a wide range.
But no matter how hard nature tries, man still strives to complete her creation - there is no limit to perfection. This concerns changing the shades of wood and emphasizing the uniqueness of its texture, which allows you to achieve excellent decorative effects. Wood stain is designed to achieve this result.
Beitz is a special product in the form of a liquid that does not form a surface film, but penetrates deeply, coloring the wood itself, due to which, unlike paints, it makes the wood texture visible. (Otherwise this product can be called “stain”).
Wood stains are a modern, high-quality product based on a unique combination of low-odor solvents and natural oils. Simplicity of application is ensured by the “Easy to use” formula, due to which the product gradually and evenly penetrates the wood. This allows you to easily and quickly obtain the desired decorative effect and emphasize the noble beauty of wood. It should be noted that the stain contains UV absorbers that prevent the color from “fading” under the influence of direct sunlight.
What, how and in what sequence should I do to perform high-quality cladding of wood? We provide answers to these questions in step-by-step instructions.
How to apply stain to wood
Step one: surface preparation
Proper preparation of the wood surface is the key to high-quality facing and a wonderful aesthetic appearance with uniform color. It's like the foundation for a house. Therefore, before starting to apply stain, we sand the surface of the wood along the grain with sandpaper with a grain size of 120-320. When matting surfaces that have previously been treated with other paints and varnishes, they must be completely removed. Removal of the old coating can be combined with sanding.
We clean the sanded surface from dust (you can use a vacuum cleaner) and other contaminants. We wash greasy and tarred areas with purified gasoline and let them dry.
High-quality surface preparation facilitates the application of stain, helps to obtain uniform coloring and an expressive pattern of wood texture. Therefore, we emphasize once again: this stage should in no case be neglected!
Step two: preparing stains (stains)
Before applying the paint, mix it thoroughly until a uniform consistency and color is obtained. The product does not need to be diluted, because it is ready for use.
There are many ready-to-use colors in the assortment, so you can always easily choose a shade to your liking.
Step three: applying stain
To apply the stain, use a sponge, tampon or soft cloth, with which you carefully and evenly rub the product into the wood. We do this at an ambient temperature of +5 to + 30 ° C. Under such conditions, the product gradually and evenly penetrates deep into the wood without lifting its fibers. This is very important, because in order to apply the next layer you do not need to perform interlayer sanding of the surface. Remove excess product that the wood has not absorbed with a rag.
The innovative formula ensures long open time. Thanks to this, any adjustments and corrections can be made even 30 minutes after application.
To achieve the desired color intensity, apply one or more layers of stain at intervals of 24 hours.
Step Four: Surface Protection
The resulting surface with a uniform color and pronounced wood texture is protected with a transparent varnish. We select varnish in accordance with the operating conditions of the product.
stain for wood (also beitz) is a special material, usually in the form of a liquid. In progress staining applied to treated wood to give it a specific color, usually the color of a different type of wood. In this case, the composition does not form a surface film, but penetrates to a certain depth, coloring the wood itself, due to which the wood texture remains visible, unlike paint and enamel. Also, wood stains are often given wood-protective properties. Water-based stains may not have wood-protective properties, while solvent-based and alcohol-based stains almost always protect wood. There are colorless stains that do not stain the wood and have exclusively the properties of wood protection and primer.
Types of stains
Stains are water-based (water-borne), solvent-based (nitro-stain), wax-based, and alcohol-based. Various manufacturers supply stains in the form of a liquid concentrate, a ready-made solution, or in powder form.
Application technologies
Trituration
When rubbing, the stain is applied to the wood, and then rubbed evenly over the entire area, thus obtaining a coating with a pronounced wood texture. This method of applying stain looks very nice on porous wood. In this case, stains with a relatively long drying time are better suited.
Sputtering
The color of the stain is selected several tones lighter than necessary and then the stain is applied to the wood using a spray gun. Spraying is used when it is necessary to achieve a more even texture than rubbing.
Smearing with a tampon, roller
Liquid stain is applied with a roller or a specially prepared swab if the application area is small. This method provides a more even application than using a brush, helping to avoid streaks. The tampon is prepared manually: cotton wool is wrapped in a clean rag.
Application by brush
Liquid stain is applied with a brush in the absence of a swab or spray gun. When applied with a brush, a single coat gives a relatively deeper color than other application methods.
To make wood products more decorative and aesthetically pleasing, they are treated with stain. The solution changes the tone and emphasizes the texture of the wood. Modern stains have antiseptic properties and can significantly extend the service life of the product.
Let's consider what types of stains there are, how you can make the composition yourself, and what are the basic rules for applying stain to wood.
Purpose of wood stain
Stain is a tinting composition that is applied to treated wood to change the natural color of wood, plywood, furniture, chipboard, fiberboard and MDF. The second name for the stain is Beitz.
A special composition penetrates deep into the wood, due to which the wood texture is preserved. This effect cannot be achieved with enamel or paint.
Some use stain to hide the true type of wood, for example, they paint inexpensive pine in the colors of noble tree species. Others use stain to update the interior of a room or highlight the beautiful texture of a natural material.
With the skillful use of stain and a combination of several shades at the same time, you can turn an ordinary wood product into an artistic value
In addition to decorative functions, some types of stains also have protective properties. Wood-protective compounds include oil-alkyd or solvent-based stains. Such stains can protect wood from insect pests, mold and fungi.
Types of stains for wood processing
The main criterion by which all stains are classified is the basis for making the solution. The most common stains are water-based, alcohol-based, oil-based, acrylic and wax-based. Let's look at the features of each type.
Water-based stains are available in two forms: dry stains in powder form for self-dilution in water, and in a ready-to-use state. Water stains take a long time to dry, so it will take a long time to achieve a uniform tone.
The main inconvenience of using stain is that during processing the composition lifts the wood fiber. On the one hand, this emphasizes the structure of the wood, and on the other, it makes the product more vulnerable to moisture. Therefore, before applying stain, the wood should be wetted superficially, left to soak for a while and thoroughly sanded.
Alcohol stain is a solution of organic dyes with pigments in ethyl alcohol. Alcohol compositions are used for antiseptic and decorative painting of wooden products. Such stains reduce pile lifting and do not cause swelling of the wood.
When using an alcohol stain, it is difficult to achieve uniform coloring, since the composition dries quickly and stains may form. Such stains may be suitable for tinting small products, but painting parquet will be very problematic.
Alcohol stains are applied only with a spray (spray gun), and when painting with a brush, the result can be unpredictable
Oil based stain have many tones and shades. Oil stain contains dyes that are soluble in drying oil and oils. White spirit is used as a solvent.
Oil stain is the most convenient to use: it can be applied in different ways, does not lift fibers and is distributed evenly over the entire surface. Products treated with oil-based stains can be easily repainted and restored.
Wax and acrylic stains- the latest generation of tinting materials. Stains based on acrylic resins and wax form a thin colored film on the surface of the wood, which additionally protects the material from excess moisture. These types of stains “lay” evenly on the surface and are well suited for treating wooden floors.
Acrylic stains come in a wide range of tones that can be mixed to create more subtle shades. The composition has no unpleasant odor, is not flammable and is suitable for all types of wood. Acrylic stains do not emit harmful fumes, and dry quickly after application.
When working with acrylic stain, it is important not to overdo it with the layer thickness. A good effect can be obtained by applying no more than 2 layers; if more, spots may form.
Wax stains are very soft waxes. They can be used directly on wood or on a pre-painted surface. Wax stains are applied using a cloth and spread over the wood using a rubbing motion.
Wax stains look most effective in combination with polishing. This technique is often used when finishing turnings, profiles and threads.
Important! Wax-based stains should not be used before treating wood with two-component acid-curing varnishes or polyurethane.
Making your own stain: recipes from craftsmen
Plant stains
You can give wood a different shade using plant components.
Stains based on coffee, tea and vinegar
You can make your own wood stain from available materials: coffee, tea and vinegar.
You can give the wood a cherry, brown and dark brown hue with a solution of potassium permanganate: dilute 50 g in 1 liter of warm water, apply to the wood, and after 5 minutes wipe the surface with a soft cloth. In order to obtain a brighter shade, the treatment with potassium permanganate must be repeated.
After treating wood with potassium permanganate stain, the surface must be coated with a protective compound, otherwise the potassium permanganate will fade
Stains with chemical components
If you want to get a lasting color, you can experiment and create a stain from chemicals.
Whitening stains
Bleaching wood allows you to prepare the product for painting and achieve expressive tone. Some tree species acquire unexpected color shades when bleached. For example, walnut, which has a uniform texture with a purple tint, becomes pale pink or scarlet pink after treatment with a bleaching stain. Bleaching apple wood makes the wood a noble ivory color.
Whitening with stain: photo
Various solutions can be used for bleaching. Some act very quickly, others more slowly.
- Oxalic acid solution. Dissolve 1.5-6 g of oxalic acid in 100 g of boiled water. This composition is suitable for bleaching light wood species: linden, white poplar, light walnut, birch and maple. Other types of wood may develop dingy tones or gray spots. After bleaching, veneer sheets must be washed with a solution (composition: hot water - 100 g, soda ash - 3 g, bleach - 15). This treatment removes resin from the surface and raises the wood pile.
- Bleaching with a 25% hydrogen peroxide solution is suitable for most wood species except lemonwood, oak and rosewood. Products, after treatment with peroxide, do not need to be washed. The peroxide solution only bleaches finely porous wood species. Wood containing tannins is very difficult to lighten with such a stain. To improve the bleaching process, tanning rocks must first be treated with a 10% solution of ammonia.
Results of bleaching different types of trees:
- Birch, after bleaching in a solution of oxalic acid, acquires a greenish tint;
- Ash and oak veneers become noticeably lighter after treatment with oxalic acid;
- When bleached in hydrogen peroxide (peroxide concentration not lower than 15%), Anatolian nuts acquire a golden hue, and walnuts acquire a pink color.
Methods of applying stain
Treating wood with stain can be done in one of four ways:
- Spraying. The stain is applied to the surface of the wood with a spray gun. Spraying allows you to achieve uniform distribution of stain and obtain an even texture.
- Trituration. The stain is applied to the wood and rubbed evenly over the entire area of the product. The coating is transformed, the texture becomes pronounced. This method is optimal for porous wood species, and a stain that does not dry quickly should be used.
- Application with a roller or swab. This method is used when processing products with a small area; it helps to avoid streaks and ensures uniform distribution of stain over the surface.
- Application with a brush. If you don't have a spray gun or swab, you can use a brush, but this method is not suitable for all types of stain. Experts note that when applied with a brush, wood gives a deeper, richer color than with other methods.
The main principles of wood stain processing
In order to get a beautiful product from natural material, you must adhere to the basic rules of wood processing.
Applying stain: video
Possible defects and their elimination
The stain must be applied extremely carefully, as it will be quite difficult to remove the resulting defects.
Formation of streaks. This happens if the stain is applied in large quantities and dries very quickly. In this case, you should try to remove the stain layer as much as possible. On the hardening layer, you need to apply another layer of stain, which will soften the drying one, and then remove the excess solution with a rag.
If the stain is completely dry, you need to use paint thinner to remove it. However, it will not be possible to remove all the pigment. The top painted layer can be removed with a plane or sandpaper.
Spotting of the product. If the wood being treated has an uneven density or is curled, then the absorption of the stain may occur unevenly - the color will be richer in some places and lighter in others.
Spotting on products made of mahogany or walnut looks attractive, but on cherry, birch, pine, spruce and poplar wood it does not look natural
Spotting is very difficult to remove. You can remove a layer of stained wood with a plane; in plywood, you will need to remove all the face veneer.
It is better to prevent the appearance of spotting in advance:
- test the wood - apply stain to an unnecessary piece of the product being processed;
- use gel stain.
Gel stain is a thick, paste-like stain that does not spread and does not penetrate deep into the wood. In addition, gel stains have a low absorption rate.