Surgery plastic surgery. Plastic surgery, types of plastic surgery

Plastic surgery (cosmetology) is a field of medicine dealing with the elimination of deformities and defects, restoration and improvement of the form and functions of any organ, tissue or human body. This type of surgical intervention is aimed at returning the patient to the usefulness of his own body, psychological comfort, restoring the quality of life and a sense of beauty.

Plastic cosmetology aims at full or partial return of lost functions to the human body. For example, breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, rhinoplasty to solve breathing problems, skin grafting after burns, or the removal of scars and scars. However, operations are also aimed at purely aesthetic purposes - breast and buttock augmentation, removal of the hump on the nose, correction of the shape of the eyes, etc.

Reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery

All plastic surgeries can be conditionally divided into reconstructive and aesthetic (cosmetic).

Reconstructive surgeries are precisely those that correct body deformities and tissue defects that interfere with normal human life. In this case, surgical intervention is not just a whim, but a vital necessity. Reconstructive plastic surgery, carried out successfully, can change the quality of a person's life for the better, helping to restore a sense of completeness to him.

Aesthetic surgery is the use of cosmetic surgery methods to improve the appearance. Such operations help not only to prolong youth and beauty, improve your body, but also get rid of many psychological complexes about the imperfection of your face, any organ or body as a whole. Thus, aesthetic surgery also significantly improves the quality of human life.

Types of cosmetic surgery

Most often, plastic surgeons are treated with the desire to look younger. For some, this means big breasts and plump lips, while for others it means removing wrinkles on the face, for others it means getting rid of sagging skin. There are a lot of types of aesthetic plastic surgery, but we will list the most common among them:

Plastic surgery of the eyelids, nose, ears
Breast and lip augmentation
Facial rejuvenation
Hair transplantation
Enlargement of the male genital organ and vagina
Forehead and brow lift
Plastic surgery of the cheekbones and chin
Skin tightening after weight loss
Plastic surgery of the arms, buttocks and abdomen
Hymenoplasty (hymen restoration)
Plastic surgery of large and small labia.

Another popular surgical procedure is liposuction - the removal of excess fat in various areas of the body.

Read more about all types of plastic surgery in this section. Good luck!

Plastic surgery in modern medicine is an integral part of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery. The goals and objectives of most plastic surgeries are to change the appearance of various parts of the body to improve aesthetic perception, both by the patient and others. The reasons can be of a restorative nature, resulting from injuries, the appearance of sutures from previous surgeries and the psychological kind, which are most often caused by the moral state of the patient, who is dissatisfied with his appearance, as a rule, due to subjective conclusions.

Operation types

A plastic procedure on the patient's face, which provides for the creation of a rejuvenation effect by removing wrinkles, nasolabial folds, by lifting. Manipulations are carried out under general anesthesia. The face is marked, after which the necessary incisions are made from the scalp in the temple area, along the ear and up to the hairline behind the ear, the excess skin is excised, after which a suture is applied. The recovery period takes about a month.

Front lift (eyebrow and forehead lift). It is performed by open or endoscopic method.

The essence of these methods is to remove excess fat, redistribute the skin and change the muscle tissue in the supraorbital and frontal region.

This operation can be performed both under local and general anesthesia.

This is a surgical method that allows you to change the geometry of the eyelids and eye incision. Distinguish between blepharoplasty of the upper and lower eyelids, eliminating their overhanging or saccular swelling under the eyes. It is performed by creating an incision in the crease of the eyelid and removing excess skin, fat cells and correcting muscles. Operations on the lower eyelid can be performed using an incision on the inside of the eyelid. It is possible to carry out circular blepharoplasty, affecting both eyelids at the same time. Rehabilitation takes 2-3 weeks.

Allows changes in acquired or congenital curvature or geometry replacement. There are many surgical approaches for performing the operation. Closed plasty is more common, in which certain cartilage or bone tissues are removed, and, if necessary, they are increased. An open type of operation is indicated for massive defective phenomena, in this case, in addition to the tissue of the nostrils, the vertical septum separating the nostrils is also cut. In some situations, secondary plastic surgery is indicated. Full recovery depends on the methods of the operation and takes at least 3 weeks. Septoplasty, unlike rhinoplasty, it involves restoring the shape of the nasal septum, on the recommendation of an ENT specialist. The goal is to restore nasal breathing. This type of operation refers to reconstructive plastic surgery.

Otoplasty (plastic surgery of the ears). The most common indication is deafness.

The procedure is performed under general or local anesthesia.

The method involves determining the appropriate cartilage shape, after which an incision is made behind the shell and the cartilage is shaped to fit the ear to the head.

It is performed by the method of injections or implants.

For injections, preparations based on collagens or synthetic substances are used.

Implants are used in the form of synthetic plates, implanted in the lips. Sometimes, together with injections, lip contouring is performed.

Hair for transplantation is taken only from the patient who undergoes this operation.

The technique is that a graft (a small area of skin with hair) is cut out and transplanted into place of the same cut area on the bald part.

The number of transferred grafts determines the future frequency of hairline.

Mentoplasty (genioplasty, mandibuloplasty, chin plasty). The procedure is divided into two types: reducing or increasing the chin. It can be performed externally, through an incision in the skin fold under the chin, or through an internal incision in the area of the lower lip. The increase is performed using the installed implant. The reduction is carried out by cutting the bone and cartilage tissue. This type of operation is classified as traumatic with a long rehabilitation period of three months.

Malyarplasty (plastic of the cheekbones). The techniques of the operation are similar to mentoplasty, the shape of the cheekbones is changed by the introduction of special implants (bone, synthetic, silicone). Synthetic materials tend to cause allergic reactions, and bone materials dissolve over time, in connection with this, the use of solid silicone prostheses is currently practiced. If a reduction in the size of the lower jaw is required, excess bone tissue is removed for this. Manipulation is carried out under general anesthesia, the rehabilitation period takes at least three months.

Cervicoplasty (plasty of the neck and subchin area) is a surgical operation, the purpose of which is to remove excess skin on the neck and under the chin. The technique consists in incision of the skin in the area of the chin and ears. Excess covers are removed, if necessary, fatty tissues are cut off. After that, the incision is sutured with skin tension, which leads to the tightening of the integument. Since the human neck contains vital great vessels and the thyroid gland, such an intervention requires the highest qualification of the surgeon. The rehabilitation period is short, usually it is equal to the time for tightening the formed sutures. In some cases, this type of correction is combined with platysmaplasty.

one of the frequently performed procedures in the field of plastic surgery, is performed in order to achieve the aesthetics (shape) of the mammary glands or change their size. Often, patients need to correct the shape and increase (decrease) the size of the breast at the same time. The operation is carried out by implanting special prostheses, which are selected individually according to the wishes of the patient. They differ in the material of their shell, filler, tear resistance. Typically, such prostheses can be in a woman's chest for a long time (about 15 years), after which they need to be replaced. The choice of dislocation of the incision is negotiated with the patient. The implant is placed depending on the situation and can be located between the breast muscle and the gland or under it. To reduce the breast, liposuction is used, which does not leave sutures or the T-shaped incision method, which drastically reduces the tissue volume of the breast.

have a general direction based on the removal of excess skin and fat. So, classic abdominoplasty involves the total removal of excess fat and excess skin by creating an incision near the navel and on the bikini projection. This removes fatty tissue from the abdominal wall and excess skin. This operation involves the installation of a drain to drain the exudate. Postoperative suture postoperative suture in the suprapubic area. Liposuction involves the removal of fatty tissue by suction through a special tube inserted into areas with excess fat cells through small incisions. When it is carried out, it is required to observe the symmetry of the removal of fat, to prevent the formation of dents. The postoperative period takes 3-4 weeks.

Gluteoplasty (buttock correction procedure). It is based on the implantation of prostheses under the gluteal muscle.

The operation is performed under general anesthesia, an incision is made in the sacral region, after which an implant is inserted under the buttock muscle and the incision is sutured.

Recovery takes about a week.

Brachioplasty (hand plastic) is a tightening of the skin on the hands, usually in the upper part.

The method consists in creating an incision from the armpit to the elbow and removing excess skin and fat. Then the suture is applied.

Sometimes this method is combined with liposuction. The postoperative period takes 1-2 months.

Cruroplasty and femoroplasty (plasty of the lower legs and inner thigh). Thus, cruroplasty is based on the implantation of a prosthesis in the subcalf muscle or its fascia. To do this, the popliteal fossa is cut into 3-5 cm. Femoroplasty is designed to remove excess and sagging skin on the inner thighs. It is carried out by creating an incision in the groin area and removing excess skin and fat. The length of the incision depends on the individual characteristics of the patient.

Labiaplasty (plasty of small and large labia). Sometimes the indications are postpartum trauma. There are plastics of small and large labia. Operations on the labia minora are carried out by excising excess tissues, achieving the desired reduction in them. On large lips, plastic surgery is performed in order to increase or decrease the size. To increase, either a special gel or adipose tissue is injected into the body of the lips. They are reduced by removing excess or by liposuction. The rehabilitation period takes about a month.

Hymenoplasty (plasty of the hymen). Distinguish between short-term and long-term results of the operation.

In the first case, sections of the hymen are sutured, which gives a temporary result due to incomplete healing, in the second case, the hymen is restored from the tissues lining the entrance to the vaginal area.

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.

Vaginoplasty (Vaginoplasty) involves the restoration of muscle tone lost due to labor or structural features of the vagina in individual cases. The reason for going to the surgeon is the desire to increase sexual sensations during intimacy with a partner. In some cases, this operation is indicated purely for medical reasons, for example, when the uterus is prolapsed. There are several technical approaches. Classical techniques are based on excision of the tissue and suturing the edges of the incision, which leads to a narrowing of the vagina. The method of implantation consists in the introduction of a special fastening mesh, which over time is covered with connective tissue and increases muscle tone.

Phalloplasty (penile plastic surgery) one of the technically complex operations is performed to correct or artificially form the penis. Such operations are indicated for many reasons, not only aesthetic, but also medical. The aesthetic factor is due to an increase in the length of the penis, medical reasons include penile injury, the consequences of malignant tumors, developmental anomalies. The complexity of the intervention is exacerbated by the task of restoring the urethra. The technique consists in moving the cavernous bodies, replanting the skin in the form of cut flaps and providing innervation that allows you to get full sensations during sexual activity. At the same time, vascular surgery is performed, for a full blood supply to the tissues of the penis. Skin flaps are taken from the scrotum, back or forearm. The rehabilitation period is 2-3 months.

Platysmaplasty (neck plastic surgery) involves lifting (tightening of skin and muscle tissue) on the neck. Often performed in conjunction with chin plastic surgery. The task of this operation is to get rid of sagging formations and sagging. Unlike cervicoplasty, manipulations are performed on the subcutaneous muscle (platysma). Plastic surgery is carried out by removing fat cells, creating incisions in the behind-the-ear region and tightening the platysma. In case of divergence of its edges, medial plasty is performed. The operation is performed under general anesthesia, complete healing and resorption of the sutures occurs after 1-1.5 months.

Panniculectomy (skin tightening after weight loss). In some cases, it is carried out in parallel with liposuction or abdominoplasty. Panniculectomy does not affect the manipulation of muscles and involves only the removal of excess skin. The skin-fat apron is removed as follows: an incision is made from the sternum to the area of the pubic joint and a transverse horizontal incision along the pubic region itself. Excess skin and fat is removed and the incisions are sutured. For some time, drainage is carried out through the inserted tube. Rehabilitation may take 2 months.

Torsoplasty (combined plastic surgery) This is an operation involving the removal of excess skin on two or three areas at the same time. Refers to complex and lengthy surgical interventions. Performed as a result of significant weight loss. Removal of excess stretched skin is carried out in the back, on the sides, in the abdomen. The peculiarity of this technique is the simultaneous (on the same day of operation) disposal of excess skin-fat structure. Technically, it is performed by excision of excess tissue on the back and sides, and then, according to the principle of abdominoplasty, an excision is performed in the abdomen. The rehabilitation period takes about a month, the final result can be seen no earlier than six months later, since it takes a long time to reduce and lose the color of postoperative scars.

Reconstructive plastic surgery for massive external lesions is a specific type of surgical operations, differs from classical plastic surgery in that the patient in this case is forced to resort to certain manipulations that can restore the natural appearance of body parts to him. So, various injuries, burns, the consequences of certain diseases or classic radical effects can lead to irreversible consequences of a change in appearance. Sometimes a massive impact on a person of adverse factors leads to total disfigurement. Reconstructive plastic surgery of the face is able to restore the natural appearance of a person after burns, serious injuries. It can be combined with rhinoplasty if there is a need to restore the nose. Reconstructive breast surgery makes it possible to restore the organ in case of its removal due to malignant tumors. Reconstruction includes a part of phalloplasty operations. Abdominoplasty and reconstruction on the extremities allow you to remove sutures from previous abdominal operations or restore limbs, including vascular and nerve microsurgery.

Trends in world plastic surgery and the most popular types of interventions performed

Conducted research in this area shows that the number of surgical procedures of this type is steadily increasing. If we consider the trends in the increase in the number of these operations since the beginning of the 21st century, we can see that the annual increase in interventions is about 10%, that is, in each subsequent year, the number of patients undergoing plastic surgery of any body parts increases.

There are certain types of operations that are the most popular in the world, and their rating may vary in different countries, but at the same time, according to their classification, they remain the most frequently performed.

List of the most popular interventions according to world statistics:

mammoplasty (corrective breast surgery);
liposuction (removal of fatty deposits);
blepharoplasty (eyelid correction);
abdominoplasty (correction in the abdomen and waist area);
rhinoplasty (surgery to change the shape of the nose).

Frequency of performed plastic procedures in Russia:

rhinoplasty;
liposuction;
blepharoplasty;
mammoplasty;
abdominoplasty.

That is, there are approximately the same types of polarity operations with different ratings.

Features of psychological moments

By carrying out plastic surgery of various directions, it is possible to achieve two positive moments at once. The first is to recreate the required aesthetic component, the second moment has a direct impact on the psycho-emotional state of the patient. A successful procedure helps a person get rid of a set of certain complexes associated with an unsatisfactory (even in his subjective opinion) state of any parts of the body. On a global level, aesthetic surgery has a beneficial effect on the mental component of the patient.

Surgical defloration (medical dissection of the hymen) is a plastic surgery on the external female genital organs, which is performed both at the request of the patient herself and for medical reasons. When is it necessary to perform surgical defloration Virgin ...

Vaginoplasty (intimate plastic surgery of the vagina, colpoplasty) is a plastic surgery that involves the elimination of damage and sprains, the restoration of lost muscle tone, the natural anatomical structure of the vagina. The operation is carried out both for aesthetic reasons, and to eliminate diseases of the female organs, ...

The possibilities of modern plastic surgery are truly endless. With the help of an experienced professional's scalpel, it is easy to achieve an ideal appearance or, at least, correct aesthetic flaws and change forms. We will consider the range of proposed types of facial plastic surgeries according to the demand rating in this review, showing before and after photos.

Facial plastic surgery - types of operations

Facelift - lose five or even ten years

With age, natural changes on the face appear in the form of deep wrinkles, the appearance of excess fat, and fading of the skin.

The essence of facelift is to strengthen the muscles, remove excess skin and form a new fresh contour. Facial plastic surgery can eliminate visible signs of aging, restore the former oval of the face, skin elasticity, tighten muscles, smooth out unwanted wrinkles and folds. But with all this, a facelift does not affect the structure of the skin and the process of age-related changes.

Facelift - lifting not only the skin: the operation also affects the superficial muscles, which gives a more pronounced and lasting rejuvenating effect.

The operation itself lasts about three hours, is performed under general anesthesia and requires a two-week postoperative period. The cost of a facelift depends directly on the amount of correction and is 300,000-350,000 rubles.

Forehead and eyebrow plastic surgery - stop hiding wrinkles under bangs

All the variety of emotions is expressed mainly by the upper third of the face. Rich facial expressions over the years are manifested by deep transverse wrinkles in the forehead, the formation of a crease on the bridge of the nose, excess skin in the area of the upper eyelid, and drooping of the outer region of the eyebrow.

Modern plastic surgery is able to restore the former smoothness of the skin by performing forehead and eyebrow plastic surgery.

The duration of the operation, performed under general anesthesia, is one to two hours. The rehabilitation period lasts up to one week, after which you can use makeup and lead a normal life. The price of forehead and eyebrow plastic surgery is about 110,000 rubles.

Blepharoplasty - a small genius of a big transformation

A rich pattern of wrinkles in the eye area gives out age first, the so-called "crow's feet" appear already after thirty-five.

The possibilities of modern plastic surgery allow you to restore elasticity to the thin skin of the eyelids, get rid of fine wrinkles without a trace, remove dark circles and “bags” under the eyes, remove excess skin hanging over the eyes, thereby returning a young, fresh and happy look.

The duration of blepharoplasty is from forty minutes to one and a half hours. The operation itself does not require general anesthesia, local anesthesia is sufficient for its implementation. The rehabilitation period lasts about one to two weeks. And the cost depends on the level of correction and ranges from 30,000 to 100,000 rubles.

Rhinoplasty - ideal proportions

The reasons for rhinoplasty can be both aesthetic and functional. Correction of the shape and size of the nose is the most common operation for both men and women.

Rhinoplasty is an opportunity to improve breathing ability in case of difficulty, to make the nose perfectly shaped in the presence of an aesthetic discrepancy.

What can be corrected with rhinoplasty:

tip of the nose
"Asian" form
nose length
nose width
snub nose
remove the hump

The operation itself takes one to two hours under general anesthesia. The rehabilitation period is quite long. After seven to ten days, you can remove the plaster cast, up to ten to fourteen days, bruises under the eyes remain, and about three to four months, a slight swelling of the tissues in the nose area is noticeable. The cost of rhinoplasty ranges from 100,000 to 250,000 rubles.

Lip plastic - add charm and sexuality

Wrinkles at the corners of the mouth, nasolabial folds, too thin lips or their irregular shape are a real problem for those who want to always remain young and attractive.

Today's possibilities of plastic surgeons make it possible to correct all defects without a complex traumatic operation. Fillers (gels), which have appeared recently, make it possible to radically rejuvenate a smile in a short time (the procedure lasts ten to twenty minutes), while the rehabilitation period is minimal. The duration of the effect, as well as the cost of the procedure (15,000-60,000 rubles), depends on the drug used and the amount of correction.

Mentoplasty - perfect facial contours

A small or sloping chin violates the proportions of the entire face, and a heavy and large chin brings disharmony to the appearance.

Thanks to the modern possibilities of plastic surgery, today it is possible to change almost any aesthetic defect. Plastic surgery of the chin (increasing, reducing, changing its shape) allows you to make the appearance harmonious and achieve the desired result in a short time.

The operation usually lasts no more than half an hour, is performed under local anesthesia and requires a rehabilitation period of up to two weeks. The cost of mentoplasty varies from 20,000 to 50,000 rubles, depending on the amount of intervention required.

Facial contouring - the illusion of rejuvenation

Revolutionary in the field of rejuvenation has become an alternative to plastic surgery - facial contouring.

The ability to restore the lost freshness to the skin, smooth out wrinkles and unwanted folds, restore the oval of the face, replenish the lost turgor, correct the shape of the lips - all this can be achieved by a non-surgical technique, contour plastic.

This procedure is carried out by subcutaneous injection of special biological products, the so-called, which perfectly eliminate the signs of aging.

The price range for facial contouring is quite wide and depends mainly on the volume of manipulations performed.

Change, transform, regain lost youth, but most importantly - do not lose your individuality.

Plastic medicine is a separate area dealing with the correction of visual congenital or acquired defects. The most common type of such operations in Russia is facial plastic surgery. There are several types of such procedures, some of them are performed without the intervention of a surgeon. Before deciding on any operation, you should familiarize yourself with the indications and contraindications, as well as the features of their implementation.

Indications

The main indication for plastic surgery is age. The optimal range for surgical intervention is the interval between 35 and 55 years, since during this period cosmetic hardware procedures are no longer effective enough. The regeneration processes at this age are still active, which will allow you to recover faster after the operation.

Facial plastic surgery is indicated in the following cases:

loss of clarity of the oval of the face;
the formation of a second chin;
overhanging eyebrows and ptosis of the upper eyelid;
the formation of bags and skin folds under the eyes;
deep and numerous mimic wrinkles.

The indication for plastic surgery is the desire of the patient himself, since most of them are aimed at correcting the appearance. But to what extent and what kind of surgical intervention will be - you need to decide together with a specialist.

Types and features of the conduct

Plastic surgery is divided into 2 major areas - reconstructive and aesthetic. The first is focused on the elimination of deficiencies that affect the health of the patient. These include a cleft lip, a large tongue, a missing external ear, and a broken jaw. Such operations are carried out only for medical reasons, as they are very complex.

Aesthetic surgery helps to repair mechanical, chemical or thermal damage, as well as to correct some visual defects. Such cosmetic surgeries allow you to prolong the youth of the patient and improve his appearance. Aesthetic surgery is divided into plastic surgery and non-surgical procedures.

Non-surgical procedures

When age-related changes are not yet too noticeable, you can do without surgical intervention. Such procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, they have a minimum of contraindications, after which the patient recovers quickly.

There are the following non-surgical methods:

Name	Features of the	Result
Contour plastic	The procedure is carried out by injection or implantation. In the first case, fillers or specialized gels based on hyaluronic acid are used, which are injected subcutaneously. During implantation, specialists take fat from another part of the patient's body and transfer it to the face.	As a result of injections, they change the shape of the lips or cheekbones, smooth out fine wrinkles, raise the corners of the mouth, and eliminate nasolabial folds. Implantation helps to improve the contour of the face and smooth out wrinkles.
Reinforcement	The procedure is a thread lifting performed using specialized absorbable threads. They are implanted under the skin. The procedure is carried out within half an hour or an hour without special preparation and hospitalization	Reinforcement is carried out at a young age to slow down the aging process. After 35 years, it helps to eliminate nasolabial folds and fine wrinkles.
Beautification	During the procedure, a facelift is performed using a complex of injections. They are selected based on the individual characteristics of the patient. The procedure is painless, does not require hospitalization and long-term rehabilitation	correction of the shape of the face; elimination of wrinkles; improving the appearance of the face

plastic surgery

Radical methods of correcting visual defects are plastic surgery. The effect of their implementation persists for at least several years. In most cases, patients after such a surgical intervention require hospitalization and long-term rehabilitation. But the result of facial plastic surgery is most often noticeable even before the end of the recovery period.

Specialists distinguish the following types of plastic surgery:

Name	Features of the	Result
Blepharoplasty	The operation is performed in the presence of age-related changes and is a plastic eyelid. It is aimed at correcting the overhanging of the upper eyelid and eliminating fine wrinkles. The procedure also helps to reshape the eyes. The operation takes about an hour and does not require a hospital stay. Before it is carried out, clients with eye diseases need a mandatory consultation with an ophthalmologist.	giving expressiveness to the look; elimination of bruises and bags under the eyes; eyebrow raising; elimination of crow's feet
browlift	The operation, which is the plasticity of the eyebrows, helps to lift them and is most often performed together with the correction of the forehead. It consists in weakening the ligaments and muscles that fix the eyebrows. During the operation, the skin is also moved up and fixed. It lasts about an hour, after it the patient is left in the clinic for a day	eyebrow shape correction; elimination of deep mimic wrinkles; improving the overall appearance of the face
Liposuction	During the operation, the surgeon removes excess fat from the face through small punctures of the skin. The procedure usually takes about half an hour and requires a short stay in the hospital after the procedure.	Liposuction is aimed at correcting the shape of the face, and the effect of this procedure depends on following the diet recommended by the specialist.
Rhinoplasty	In the course of rhinoplasty, or nose plastic surgery, its shape is corrected, defects in the internal partitions that cause snoring are eliminated. It is not recommended to carry out until the age of majority, the only exception is trauma to the nose. The operation lasts about 1-3 hours (depending on the complexity) and is performed under anesthesia. Tissues recover for a long time (about six months)	After rhinoplasty, humps are eliminated, the nose is shortened or its shape is radically changed. If cartilage or bone tissues were corrected during the operation, then the effect persists for life
Canthoplasty and canthopexy	As a result of age-related changes or an operation, an eversion of the eyelid (ectropion) develops, and during canthopexy, the ligament of the lower eyelid is fixed to the periosteum. It is used to reduce tone. In canthoplasty, the surgeon shortens the cartilaginous plate of the eyelid. After such procedures, the patient is left in the clinic for a couple of hours. The recovery period lasts 5-7 days	Both procedures are aimed at correcting the shape of the lower eyelids, and the effect of them lasts from 5 to 10 years.
Otoplasty	During otoplasty, incisions are made behind the auricles. It is allowed to perform the operation from the age of 6, and after the intervention you need to wear a bandage for about 2 weeks	correction of the size of the auricles; elimination of protruding ears
Platysmaplasty	A neck lift is carried out simultaneously with the correction of the second chin, if any. During the operation, performed under general or local anesthesia, the bifurcated neck muscle is sutured and fatty deposits are removed. After it is carried out, the patient is required to lie on the pillow at a certain angle for a day to accelerate healing.	As a result, platysmoplasty corrects the shape of the face, but since the skin in the neck area is very thin, almost devoid of fat, the effect of the procedure lasts an average of 5 years.
Bish's lump removal	Bish's lumps are fatty deposits in the cheek area that the baby needs for chewing and sucking. In adulthood, they protect the cheekbones from injury, but this function is not important, so surgeons, if the client wishes, remove them. The specialist gets to the lumps through the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the skin on the cheeks	The operation is performed to correct the appearance and highlight the cheekbones.

There is another type of facial plastic surgery called a skin lift.

There are many surgical operations with which doctors make the image of the patient more attractive.

You can change almost any part of the body and make it perfect by trusting an experienced surgeon.

New discoveries in this area have changed plastic surgery beyond recognition, and its possibilities are simply amazing.

It seems that there are no impossible tasks for her, since any part of the body can be changed and improved.

This is a branch of surgery that, with the help of surgical intervention, eliminates defects in organs and tissues on its surface.

Types of plastic surgery are conditionally divided into two main ones:

Reconstructive surgery deals with the elimination of defects in tissues and organs, both congenital and acquired. Thanks to such operations, a person can again return to a full life and feel healthy. They are often performed for medical reasons. This type of plastic surgery is used to correct defects in the mitral valve of the heart, nasal septum and eye problems caused by excess skin on the upper eyelid.
Cosmetic surgery is the use of plastic surgery methods to correct appearance. With its help, each person can get rid of the shortcomings of his body that he does not like, and improve the quality of life.

Conducted studies in different countries show that operations associated with non-invasive intervention (injections, injections, grinding, peeling) are leading in the world. These procedures are widely used for rejuvenation and prevention of skin aging. In second place is plastic surgery of the face, hair and chin.

Plastic surgery to change the shape and size of the mammary glands and liposuction take third place. Each country may have its own trends, such as the reshaping of the buttocks in Brazil or the penis in Greece.

The demand for certain types of plastic surgery is directly related to the beauty standards adopted in a particular region.

There are people who do not want plastic surgery:

the presence of psychological diseases;
pathological desire for perfection of the face and body;
people who can't stop and have plastic surgery multiple times.

These are the categories of people who need a good psychologist, not a plastic surgeon. They almost always remain dissatisfied with the result, and their problems only get worse from this, no matter what types of plastic surgery they have performed.

Types of plastic surgery - an opportunity to become more beautiful for everyone

Medical discoveries have taken plastic surgery to a whole new level. What once could only be dreamed of is now being successfully applied in practice.

Various types of plastic surgery are created so that a person can achieve the perfection of his body. Regardless of whether he wants to correct congenital or acquired defects. Every day, scientists are looking for new methods to make operations easier and better results.

Plastic surgery: what are the aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries

Plastic surgery is an opportunity to make your body more attractive. To use it or not, everyone decides for himself.

There are many people who have entrusted themselves to professionals, and this has made them happier, because some physical disabilities can greatly reduce the quality of life.

Of course, in everything you need to observe the measure and listen to the advice of a doctor, these types of plastic surgery are shown to you or it is better to refrain from them, since there are a number of contraindications that can lead to complications after surgery during the rehabilitation period.

Types of plastic surgery and their brief description will help you to know what kind of surgery on what parts of the body is possible.

Unfortunately, not everyone knows about the possibilities that he has to achieve beauty. Human life sometimes presents unpleasant surprises, and our body loses its attractiveness under the influence of special conditions and external factors, and there is nothing wrong with the desire to restore its former beauty to its appearance and remove defects that interfere with life.

Hair transplantation- an extreme measure for baldness, when other means of preserving and restoring hair are ineffective. No one is safe from hair loss, neither men nor women, and if this happens, then sometimes only their transplantation can correct the situation.
Mammoplasty (breast plastic surgery) will help women correct the shape of the mammary glands. No matter how beautiful your breasts may have been in youth, their shape changes over time. The force of gravity, pregnancy and breastfeeding, hormonal imbalances and weight fluctuations can change her appearance beyond recognition. Sagging, stretch marks, loss of shape and elasticity can make it far from ideal, and beautiful breasts are the pride of any woman and the key to attractiveness for men.
Abdominoplasty and liposuction (tummy tuck) performed to correct the abdominal area. During surgery, excess fat and skin are removed. In this case, a circular incision is made near the navel and on the bikini line. Its implementation requires a certain level of skill from the surgeon, since it is important to observe symmetry when sucking out fatty deposits.
Gluteoplasty- a complex of plastic surgeries aimed at changing the volume and shape of the buttocks. Volumes are increased with the help of silicone implants when sports do not bring the desired result. If the buttocks are lowered and the folds under them are smoothed out, a lift of this part of the body is indicated.
Brachioplasty works on the upper arms. It is prescribed when the skin on the area from the shoulder to the elbow has become flabby and hangs ugly when the arm is raised. This operation helps to restore the tone of the forearms and their lost beauty.
Cruroplasty and Femoroplasty are operations that help you achieve perfection in your legs. These names mean plastic surgery of the legs, as well as a lift of the inner side of the thigh.
Labioplasty corrects defects of the labia minora in women, corrects their size and shape.
Hymenoplasty (plasty of the hymen) carried out by women at their request, whatever their motives.
Vaginoplasty (Vaginoplasty) one of the most sought after operations in intimate surgery, as many women experience changes in the vagina after childbirth. Correction of this part of the body will not only restore the natural attractiveness of this area, but also restore its functionality. After vaginoplasty, sexual sensations for both partners become more intense and brighter.
Phalloplasty (penile plastic surgery) is an operation to partially or completely restore the penis, as well as its urinary function. Through surgery, you can correct its size and thickness, remove the consequences of injuries and anomalies in the development of the penis.
Platysmaplasty (neck plastic surgery) indicated for excess skin in this area, the presence of excess fat and loss of neck muscles of their tone. In this zone, the first signs of aging appear, it is not surprising that many people want to correct its appearance, since the cosmetic effect after the operation is very noticeable.
Panniculectomy (skin tightening after weight loss)) is an operation that will help eliminate loose and sagging skin on the abdomen after a sharp and significant weight loss or pregnancy.
Torsoplasty (combined plastic surgery) It is used to eliminate the problems that sagging skin creates after a sharp or very large weight loss. Performing an operation covering most areas, such as the sides, abdomen, hips and back, requires a certain skill and experience from the surgeon, as it is one of the most difficult plastic surgeries.

Reconstructive plastic with massive external lesions, it can return a person to normal life after serious injuries, burns, accidents or birth defects. Skilled surgeons can repair or reattach severed organs and limbs. These are the most complex operations that are performed under a microscope.

For their implementation, material is taken from another area of a person, donor or implant. With massive lesions, it may be necessary to apply more than one type of plastic surgery and carry out a large number of operations, how many of them will need to be done, the doctor will tell you after an examination.

Types of plastic surgery on the face

Every person, whether he admits it to himself or not, wants to be beautiful and to please others. Our face is like a business card, it is first noticed when meeting.

What is its beauty?

The most famous surgeons have come to the conclusion that true attractiveness lies in the correct proportions between the cheekbones, eyes and lips.

If they have the right size and shape, and are also located harmoniously relative to each other, then others will perceive the appearance of a person as attractive or even beautiful.

External data at birth are not always ideal, and with age they are also subject to the effects of aging, so there are people who decide to turn to a plastic surgeon to correct the imperfections of their face and make it more attractive. To know how you can improve your appearance, it will not be superfluous to know what types of facial plastic surgeries are.

Rhytidectomy (facelift, facial rejuvenation) became a real discovery in plastic surgery. Sooner or later, signs of aging appear in every person, and it is quite natural to want to get rid of deep wrinkles on the forehead and neck, as well as nasolabial folds and crow's feet. With the help of rhytidectomy, you can restore the beauty and elasticity of the skin. The key to the success of this operation is the skill of the surgeon, the absence of a mechanical effect on the skin of the face at first, and the ability of the body to recover after it. This is a cardinal and very effective method that will help erase the signs of aging from the face.
Front lift (eyebrow and forehead lift)- this surgical operation is indicated for people who have drooping eyebrows, excess skin of the upper eyelid, drooping of the tip of the nose, wrinkles at its base and the presence of deep transverse furrows on the forehead. Front lifting can be performed both by the classical method and endoscopically. With its help, youth returns to the face, and age-related signs of fatigue are effectively removed. Front lifting is used to achieve the effect of facial rejuvenation.
Blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery) is an operation aimed at eliminating the imperfections in the appearance of the eyelids and the area around the eyes. This zone is the most sensitive and subject to age-related changes. With the help of blepharoplasty, excess skin is removed, and fat is redistributed or removed, the so-called bags under the eyes disappear. The operation can be performed at any age, but most often it is a period of 35-40 years.
Rhinoplasty (nose job) will help not only improve the appearance of the nose, but also restore its functionality lost for various reasons. Rhinoplasty is one of the most difficult operations in plastic surgery. It is very important to find a good surgeon who is a master of his craft and can meet your expectations. Not all surgeons can skillfully perform all types of plastic surgery on the face.
Septoplasty is an operation that corrects a deviated septum. In addition to the aesthetic effect, it is also justified in terms of health. This defect is present in many people, in difficult cases it prevents normal breathing through the nose. Therefore, septoplasty is often prescribed for medical reasons.
Cheiloplasty (lip plastic surgery)- This is a plastic that corrects the shape of the lips and their size. Whether it's a congenital feature that does not satisfy the patient, or age-related loss of their plumpness, experienced surgeons can make this facial feature much more attractive by correcting it.
mentoplasty is a plastic surgery that corrects the shape of the chin. It can be both increased and decreased, depending on what needs to be done to form the correct proportions of the face. With the help of this operation, you can radically change the image, because a beautiful chin is an important part of it.
Malyarplasty is an intervention that changes the shape of the cheekbones. It can be both decreasing and increasing. The surgeon gets the necessary access to the cheekbones and jaw, both from the side of the mouth and by making an incision in the temporal region and behind the ears. It is possible to install prostheses made of solid silicone, if you need to add volume, or bone tissue is simply removed by active grinding, if you need to reduce it. Previously, the operation was performed more on older women for visual rejuvenation, now it is also performed on young girls who are dissatisfied with flat cheeks.
Cervicoplasty is a plastic surgery to restore the contour of the neck and chin, often combined with the removal of excess fat deposits, skin tightening and excision of its excess, as well as lifting the subcutaneous muscle. Most often, cervicoplasty is performed on men and women aged 40-50 years, after it, very noticeable improvements in appearance can be observed, and the remaining scars from the incisions made are almost invisible to others.

Which of the plastic surgeries will suit you best - the specialist will tell you, since it is common for a person to be too critical of his appearance.