Acute allergies first aid. How to get rid of allergies using folk remedies at home

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Today, allergies are considered one of the most common pathologies. Moreover, the reasons and forms of manifestation of the body’s response to a stimulus can be completely different. Therefore, each case must be considered separately. Allergic reactions can occur at any time and in anyone. However, this cannot be considered a disease. What is an allergy, how does it occur and what to do about it - you will learn in this article. Moreover, you will have an idea of how to cope with this condition in adults and children.

What is an allergy?

Current doctors are not inclined to consider this condition a disease. However, it can not only be unpleasant, but also life-threatening. Allergic reactions are the response of the immune system to any irritant. At the same time, the sensitivity of the body increases many times.

The reaction can manifest itself in different ways: intense and not very intense; in the form of marks on the skin, breathing problems, runny nose. And allergies can be specific and nonspecific. It should be noted that often a person has an acute reaction to an irritant, which can be very dangerous. In addition, anaphylactic shock and respiratory arrest may occur. Some types of reactions are fatal. Let's consider what it can be in more detail.

Types and types of pathology

Allergic reactions are not all the same. The mechanism of their occurrence is very close, but they manifest themselves in completely different ways. There are different types of allergic reactions.

1. Specific. In this case, a certain period of time is provided during which the allergen acts on the body. That is, the reaction does not appear immediately, not after the first contact.

2. Nonspecific. In this case, the body reacts instantly.

In addition, allergic reactions can be immediate or delayed. The first type includes skin and systemic pathologies. They occur 25 minutes after the action of the stimulus. They manifest themselves in different ways and can sometimes be life-threatening (Quincke's edema).

As for delayed reactions, the period of manifestation may take several hours or even days. It should be noted that there can be many reasons for the manifestation of pathology, so each specific case must be considered individually. Naturally, there are symptoms that are nonspecific.

There are also different types of allergic reactions.

Anaphylactic (urticaria, asthma). Cytotoxic (allergy to drugs, Rh conflict in newborns - cell membranes are damaged). Immune complex (antigens are deposited on the walls of blood vessels: conjunctivitis, dermatitis, serum sickness). A condition in which antibodies help stimulate the work of other cells .

This is a rough list that includes the most common types of allergic reactions.

Reasons for appearance

There are many factors that contribute to the appearance of this condition. Among them are the following:

Insect or other animal bites. Dust. Bed mites. Mold spores. Medicines. Animal fur or saliva. Some foods (especially honey). Cold and sun. Household cleaners (chemical). Pollen from flowers and other plants. Latex.

In principle, possible allergic reactions can have different causes. You may have a completely atypical reaction to any irritant that your immune system finds dangerous. For example, some people even suffer from water. And an allergic reaction to insect bites can lead to fatal consequences.

Mechanism of development and symptoms of pathology

Now let's look at how the presented state arises. Whatever allergic reactions may be, they have the same mechanism of development.

1. The stage of the body meeting the stimulus (immunological). At this stage, the production of antibodies begins. Although this does not always happen. Often the body's response is visible after the second or subsequent exposure to the antigen.

2. Stage of damage to tissue cells (pathochemical). They contain the substances serotonin, histamine and others. Before this, the mediators are in an inactive phase. It is thanks to them that the body’s inflammatory reaction to the invasion of the irritant occurs.

3. Stage of external manifestations of allergy (pathophysiological). It is at this stage that you can already see different symptoms of pathology.

As for symptoms, they vary.

Allergic reaction on the skin: red spots, rash, blisters, itching. Swelling of the mucous membranes. Runny nose. Sneezing. Tearfulness. Redness of the eyes. Inflammatory processes. Choking (Quincke's edema). Anaphylactic shock (drop in blood pressure, loss of consciousness and even respiratory arrest) .

In any case, an allergic reaction to insect bites or other irritants should be quickly eliminated.

Features of allergies in children

Today, pediatricians are increasingly encountering this problem in children. There can be many reasons for this: hereditary predisposition, polluted air, unhealthy diet, intolerance to mother's milk (lactose) and others. Allergic reactions in children can also manifest themselves in different ways: in the form of eczema, diarrhea, urticaria, pain in the abdominal area. In addition, other symptoms may be present: swelling of the mucous membranes, suffocation, fever, and other types of skin rashes. The most terrible condition is anaphylactic shock, as it develops much faster than in adults.

It should be noted that allergic reactions in children appear very quickly - within a few hours. In order to help the child cope with the situation in the least painful way, it is necessary to immediately eliminate the irritant. Then you can only use medications prescribed by your doctor (antihistamines). In addition, medications should only be given to a child if there is a real threat to life.

You should also prevent the occurrence of allergies. It consists of following a diet, eliminating the source of irritation, and periodic treatment. Naturally, children with such a diagnosis must be registered with an allergist.

How is an allergy determined?

Of course, if any symptoms of pathology appear, you must consult a specialist. Naturally, an allergic reaction on the skin is visible to the naked eye, but the doctor will tell you how to treat it correctly so that there are no complications.

Various methods are used for diagnosis.

1. Skin test. It is performed quickly and very simply, and the study allows you to find out which stimulus was effective. To do this, you should introduce a small amount of different allergens into the skin and observe the body's response. Typically the procedure takes no more than 20 minutes. Such tests can be done at any age and only under the supervision of a specialist. Before the study, you should not take antihistamines for two days. There are also application tests that give a more accurate result.

2. A thorough blood test to determine the amount of IgE antibodies in the blood. It should be carried out if the first type of research did not provide the necessary picture. The result is usually ready within one to two weeks. The disadvantage of this test is that it cannot determine how severe an allergic reaction a patient may have.

3. Provocative test. This method allows you to quickly detect the allergen and make an accurate diagnosis. In order to cause a reaction, a specific irritant is used, so the test should only be carried out in a hospital setting under the supervision of doctors who can quickly help in the event of a severe attack.

Naturally, many allergies can be detected with the naked eye. However, you must be absolutely sure of the accuracy of the diagnosis. Therefore, a visit to the doctor is mandatory. Remember that it can save your life and make it more comfortable.

What is an acute allergy?

Usually, in this condition, the immune system reacts to the irritant instantly. Moreover, the answer can be very strong. In some cases, you even have to call an ambulance. This could be an allergic reaction to a wasp sting, as well as other insects (or animals), or to some other irritant.

It should be noted that such a response of the body can be very strong, it can lead to anaphylactic shock. In this case, the person loses consciousness, his blood pressure drops and breathing often stops. Therefore, you must begin resuscitation measures immediately. Your first aid kit must have quick-acting medications that will help relieve symptoms or wait for an ambulance. In any case, the attending physician must be notified of the incident.

First aid

An acute allergic reaction can be very dangerous and even lead to death, so you need to deal with the pathology responsibly. There is no point in delaying the elimination of this rather serious condition. However, before the doctors arrive, you must perform certain manipulations that will prevent the occurrence of the most severe symptoms. Let's consider the question of what first aid should be for allergies, as well as how it should be treated.

So, if you have intolerance to certain foods, then washing the stomach with a special aqueous solution of salt or soda will help get rid of the symptoms. In addition, a cleansing enema can relieve an allergic reaction. The water must be warm. In this case, you can add vegetable oil to the liquid. In order to eliminate the effect of produced toxins on the body, you can take the following drugs: Fenistil, Enterosgel, Zyrtek. They also help stop the release of histamine in large quantities, so an acute reaction does not develop. After such an attack, you need to adhere to a certain diet for several weeks that will help restore the body. Try not to eat certain foods (honey, nuts, milk, fish, eggs, fried and smoked foods).

Help for allergic reactions to medications should be immediate. Especially if the medicine was administered intravenously. Naturally, before using the drug you should read its instructions, although certain reactions have been observed even to antiallergic tablets.

The body's resistance in this case can cause serious consequences. Most often, the symptoms of this pathology are various skin rashes, bronchial asthma or rhinitis. In this case, you cannot self-medicate. Be sure to consult a doctor and undergo a thorough diagnosis using all the necessary tests. Also, do not take any more medications that caused you to experience symptoms.

An allergic reaction to a wasp or other insect sting most often manifests itself in the form of a rash, itching and redness of the skin. Additionally, some toxins that enter your body through saliva can cause a severe response, including angioedema and anaphylactic shock. In any case, you should first remove the insect sting. Next, apply a cold compress to the damaged area for 15-20 minutes - this will reduce swelling. If the bite is on a limb, try to apply a tourniquet above this area to prevent the poison from spreading further. At the same time, do not forget to loosen it every 30 minutes. An allergic reaction to a bite in children can be very severe. In any case, you will have to use some kind of antihistamines (Fenistil, Zyrtec). Also, try to avoid encounters with insects.

If you are allergic to dust, pollen or animal fur, you may experience a runny nose, cough, pain in the eyes, swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, as well as angioedema. In this case, it is necessary to urgently eliminate the irritant, wash off the particles that cause the body’s response from the body and clothes. You will definitely need to take antihistamines and call an ambulance (if measures taken on your own do not have an effect).

You can relieve an allergic reaction quite quickly, but do not forget that such a pathology must also be treated.

Features of treatment

So, you can eliminate the primary symptoms of allergies with the help of certain medications. However, pathology cannot be left untreated. Only in this case will you be able to reduce the body’s reaction to the irritant the next time you encounter it. This is especially true for the immune system’s response to dust, insect bites, and pollen, because these factors are almost impossible to completely eliminate.

So, the first rule of treatment is to avoid contact with the allergen. Next, you need to conduct a thorough diagnosis and only then proceed to complex therapy. The drugs help eliminate symptoms and also reduce the degree of the body's reaction. The most effective medications are: Claritin, Loratadine, Tavegil, Suprastin, Telfast. They are applied first. These drugs block the action of histamine. Naturally, each of them has certain side effects (drowsiness, nervousness, dizziness), so the doctor must select the most optimal and safest remedy.

If you have a stuffy nose or difficulty breathing, then you will need the following medications: Oxymetazoline, Pseudoephedrine. However, they have some contraindications (age under 12 years, pregnancy and breastfeeding, hypertension). In addition, these medications should not be taken for a long time.

For the treatment of allergic or common bronchial asthma, the inhibitor “Singulair” is most often used. In addition to the drugs presented, there are other hormonal medications that can eliminate allergy symptoms. However, they should be taken only after consulting a doctor. Improper use of hormonal drugs can lead to unpredictable consequences.

In addition to direct-acting medications, you need to take vitamin complexes and immunotherapy procedures, which will help reduce the body's sensitivity to the allergen.

To treat skin manifestations, ointments and creams are used along with oral medications. Timely treatment will reduce the severity of the reaction.

Folk remedies and allergy prevention

The presented pathology must always be under control. Various means are used for this. If you have an allergic reaction, treatment may be folk remedies. That is, home remedies also provide a good effect. Naturally, you should definitely consult a doctor and use unconventional methods of eliminating allergies only after it has been resolved. Otherwise, you can significantly worsen your condition. We present to your attention the most effective recipes, long tried by users.

1. Grind the eggshells using a coffee grinder and take a quarter of a teaspoon. For children, the dose can be reduced by half. In addition, try to dilute the raw materials with a drop of lemon juice. This remedy should be taken until the reaction disappears. That is, this method of treatment is suitable for those people who suffer from skin rashes.

2. Activated carbon will help remove some toxins from the body that can cause allergies. However, it is better to use white tablets as they are more effective. The medicine should be taken every morning. Moreover, it does not matter at all how exactly the reaction manifests itself. In addition, activated carbon can be taken regardless of the type of allergy. If you have an acute attack, taking a large number of tablets will help reduce the severity of the reaction.

3. St. John's wort will help reduce the manifestations of allergic rhinitis and lacrimation. To do this, you need to fill half a liter jar with fresh grass and fill it with alcohol (vodka). The mixture should infuse for about three weeks in a cool place. You should drink the mixture several times a day, 1 small spoon.

4. Chalk is an effective remedy for eliminating skin manifestations of pathology. It is enough just to periodically lubricate the affected areas with it. If the reaction is accompanied by severe itching, then it is better to first wipe the skin with hydrogen peroxide and then sprinkle it with crushed chalk.

5. Garlic and celery are beneficial. To do this, you need to squeeze the juice out of the plants and put it in the refrigerator. You should take it one tablespoon several times a day before meals. This remedy is suitable for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is better to grate the garlic on a fine grater.

6. Chamomile decoction, infusion and lotions are effective. They should be used to treat skin lesions.

However, treatment is not the only thing you should do. In order for allergic attacks to torment you as little as possible, it is necessary to take various preventive measures:

Avoid any encounters with irritants;

Try to stick to the diet prescribed by your doctor;

Give up cigarettes and alcohol;

Exercise or play sports;

Try to carry out wet cleaning daily (if necessary, the procedure is carried out even several times).

Naturally, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system. To do this, use fresh vegetables and fruits, multivitamin complexes. At the first symptoms of an allergy, try not to delay and take the antihistamine prescribed by your doctor.

These tips will help you quickly cope with a reaction to an irritant and significantly reduce its manifestation. Be healthy!

Timely first aid for allergies can save a person’s life. After all, this is a fairly serious disease, which is often accompanied by dangerous symptoms.

Therefore, if any life-threatening signs appear, you should call an ambulance and take the necessary measures before its arrival.

Forms of manifestations

Allergies can have a different course, and this has a direct impact on the symptoms of the disease.

Lightweight

Mild forms of allergies usually manifest themselves in the following types:

limited urticaria– consists of damage to the mucous membranes and skin; allergic conjunctivitis– damage to the conjunctiva of the eyes; allergic rhinitis– damage to the nasal mucosa.

Heavy

Severe forms of allergic reactions pose a real danger to human health and life and require emergency medical care.

These include:

anaphylactic shock– consists of a sharp decrease in blood pressure and problems in microcirculation in organs; Quincke's edema– manifests itself in the form of a spasm of the respiratory muscles and ensuing suffocation, which poses a real danger to life; generalized urticaria– accompanied by the development of intoxication syndrome.

How the mild form manifests itself and what to do

When mild allergic reactions develop, the following symptoms usually appear:

slight itching on the skin in the area of contact with the allergen; lacrimation and slight itching in the eye area; unexpressed redness of a limited area of the skin; slight swelling or swelling; runny nose and nasal congestion; constant sneezing; the appearance of blisters in the area of the insect bite.

If such symptoms occur, you need to do the following sequence of actions:

thoroughly rinse the area of contact with the allergen with warm water - nose, mouth, skin; avoid contact with the allergen; if the allergy is associated with an insect bite and a sting remains in the affected area, it must be carefully removed; apply a cool compress to the itchy area of the body; take an anti-allergy drug – loratadine, Zyrtec, Telfast.

If a person’s condition worsens, you should contact an ambulance or go to a medical facility yourself.

Common symptoms that require you to call an ambulance

There are allergy symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

breathing problems, shortness of breath; spasms in the throat, a feeling of closing the airways; nausea and vomiting; pain in the abdomen; hoarseness, speech problems; swelling, redness, itching of large areas of the body; weakness, dizziness, feeling of anxiety; increased heart rate and palpitations; loss of consciousness.

Symptoms of severe forms

In acute forms of allergies, very specific symptoms arise that require urgent medical attention.

Quincke's edema

This is a fairly common form of allergy in people, and it is most often observed in young women.

The patient experiences swelling of the subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. When the throat is swollen, problems with breathing and swallowing appear.

If medical assistance is not provided in time, a person may die from suffocation.

The main symptoms of angioedema include the following:

breathing problems; hoarseness and cough; epileptic seizure; asphyxia; swelling of the skin.

Hives

With the development of urticaria, bright pink blisters appear on the skin, which are accompanied by burning and itching.

After a few hours they turn pale and then disappear completely.

Along with the development of these symptoms, headaches and fever appear.

This process can continue continuously or have a wave-like course over several days. In some cases it lasts for several months.

Anaphylactic shock

Symptoms of this condition can manifest in different ways, depending on the severity of the allergic reaction.

Typically, anaphylaxis is characterized by the following symptoms:

red rash accompanied by severe itching; swelling around the eyes, lips and limbs; narrowing, swelling, spasms of the airways; nausea and vomiting; feeling of a lump in the throat; metallic taste in the mouth; feeling of fear; a sharp decrease in blood pressure, which can cause dizziness, weakness, and loss of consciousness.

Severe rash

Severe skin rashes can manifest as eczema.

This condition is characterized by inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. Typically, eczema is accompanied by severe itching and has a long course with periods of exacerbations.

Also, a severe rash can manifest itself in the form of atopic dermatitis.

This disease is characterized by the development of erythema with bright redness of individual areas of the skin and severe tissue swelling.

Subsequently, such dermatitis can lead to the appearance of blisters, which, after opening, leave weeping erosions.

First aid for allergies at home for:

Quincke's edema

Treatment of this disease should never be delayed, as it may precede anaphylactic shock.

First aid for allergic reactions accompanied by angioedema should include the following measures:

stopping the entry of the allergen into the body. refusal to eat. administration of antihistamines. Loratadine or cetirizine can be used orally; suprastin or diphenhydramine is usually prescribed intramuscularly. use of sorbents. In this case, enterosgel, activated carbon, and smecta are suitable. You can also give a person a cleansing enema.

Hives

If symptoms of urticaria appear, you need to act according to the following scenario:

stop taking medications; If you have an allergic reaction to food, take a sorbent - white coal or enterosgel. You can also drink a laxative and rinse your stomach; If an insect bites you, you should get rid of the source of the poison; When a contact allergy occurs, you need to remove the irritant from the surface of the skin.

Tavegil, suprastin or diphenhydramine can be administered intravenously.

If large areas of skin are affected, intravenous administration of prednisolone is indicated.

Anaphylactic shock

If the necessary medications are not available, you need to rinse the stomach, do a cleansing enema, and give the patient activated charcoal.

Also, in the area of contact with the allergen, you can lubricate the skin with an ointment containing hydrocortisone or prednisolone.

You should also carry out the following sequence of actions:

stop access of the allergen; position the person in such a way as to prevent the tongue from sticking in and swallowing vomit; apply a tourniquet above the insect bite or use a medicine; administer adrenaline, mesaton or norepinephrine intravenously or intramuscularly; administer prednisolone with glucose solution intravenously; Inject antihistamines intravenously or intramuscularly after normalization of blood pressure.

Video: All about anaphylactic shock

Severe rash

Before identifying the allergen, you can resort to topical remedies to treat allergic rashes.

Therapy should be aimed at eliminating swelling and reducing the feeling of itching of the skin.

To do this, you can wet the affected areas with cold water or use a cool compress.

To avoid the spread of an allergic rash, you need to protect the affected areas of the skin from external factors.

You should also limit contact of affected areas with water. It is very important that the skin comes into contact only with natural cotton fabric.

What to do if you react to:

Sun

If an allergy to the sun leads to loss of consciousness, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Before doctors arrive, it is necessary to provide assistance to the victim:

try to bring the person to consciousness. It is important to ensure that clothing is loose and does not irritate the skin. provide sufficient water to replenish fluid deficiency in the body. if the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, you need to apply a cool compress to the forehead, legs, and groin. If possible, it is necessary to use antipyretic drugs - paracetamol or ibuprofen. If vomiting occurs, the person should be turned on their side.

Find out what they are

types of allergies

Is it worth using Polysorb for allergies? The answer is here.

Insect bite

An allergy to a bee sting occurs in approximately 2% of people. Moreover, upon the first bite, a reaction may not appear.

If there is a tendency to allergies, a person may develop anaphylactic shock when insect bites.

In this case, an urgent call to an ambulance is necessary, and before its arrival, the following measures must be taken:

lay down and cover a person; give the victim several antihistamine tablets; in the absence of swelling of the pharynx and tongue, you can give him strong sweet tea or coffee; if breathing or heartbeat stops, you need to perform artificial respiration and closed cardiac massage.

Food allergen

Guidelines for helping with food allergies depend on the severity of the reaction. If life-threatening symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance.

In other cases you can:

use sorbents– white coal, enterosgel. take an antihistamine– cetirizine, desloratadine, loratadine. in case of significant skin damage and severe itching, first generation antihistamines - suprastin - are used. for severe allergies, hormonal medications are indicated– dexamethasone, prednisolone. ointments are used to eliminate skin manifestations– fenistil, bepanten, skin-cap. In difficult cases, you can use topical hormonal drugs - hydrocortisone or prednisolone ointment.

How to help a child

First aid for allergies in a child consists of implementing the following measures:

sit the baby upright - this position usually helps ease breathing. If dizziness occurs, he should be placed on the bed. If nausea is present, your head should be turned to the side. Give the child an antihistamine in any form - syrup, tablets, capsules. If the baby cannot swallow or has lost consciousness, the tablet must be crushed, mixed with water and poured into his mouth. If a child has lost consciousness, you need to constantly check his pulse, breathing, and pupils. If the child is not breathing or has no palpable pulse, you should immediately begin resuscitation measures - artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

What to do if you have a sudden reaction on your face

Immediate help for the appearance of rashes on the face is to:

cleansing the affected area; then a cool compress based on a decoction of sage, calendula or chamomile should be applied to the cleansed skin; gauze needs to be changed every two minutes; the total duration of the procedure should be ten minutes; after this, the face can be dried and sprinkled with potato or rice starch - these products will help eliminate redness and swelling; the procedure must be repeated several times within an hour.

Do not neglect antihistamines either. If allergies appear on the face, you can take tavegil, suprastin, loratadine. If the reaction does not go away, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What should always be in the first aid kit

The following medications should always be present in the first aid kit of a person prone to allergic reactions:

general antihistamine – cetirizine, loratadine, etc.; antiallergic agent for topical use - hydrocortisone ointment, elocom; hormonal anti-inflammatory drug for relieving acute allergy attacks - prednisolone.

For people who have experienced anaphylactic shock at least once, doctors recommend that they always carry a syringe with adrenaline with them.

This will allow others to help the person with the development of severe allergies.

What to do if you don’t have a first aid kit at hand

In case of a mild allergic reaction, it is enough to avoid contact with the allergen.

To eliminate rashes and reduce swelling, you can use folk remedies:

sage decoction; chamomile; calendula.

If you have a severe allergy, you should never self-medicate.

In such a situation, you should urgently contact an ambulance or take the victim to the hospital - any delay can result in death.

What is strictly forbidden to do

If anaphylactic shock and other severe allergic reactions develop, you should not:

Leaving a person alone. Give him something to drink or eat. Place any objects under your head, as this can lead to increased respiratory failure. Give antipyretics for fever.

If the allergy is associated with intravenous medication, there is no need to remove the needle from the vein. In this case, it is enough to stop the administration of the drug and use the syringe in the vein to inject the allergy medicine.

Proper and timely assistance for an allergic reaction can save a person’s life.

Therefore, when you see:

severe skin rashes; breathing problems; drop in blood pressure

You must immediately call an ambulance and take all necessary actions before it arrives.

Main types of allergic reactions

One of the most severe allergic conditions is Quincke's edema. Its danger is that swelling of the skin of the face and neck can lead to suffocation and death.

Symptoms of Quincke's edema:

breathing becomes wheezing and difficult; the skin of the neck, face and limbs becomes covered with severe hyperemia; the patient suffers from severe headaches; swelling is accompanied by hoarseness of voice; the skin turns blue and pale; the patient has a fever.

Urticaria is a little less dangerous than anaphylactic shock and Quincke's edema. It is caused by the same allergens. When the allergen cannot be determined, then urticaria could well be caused by nervous disorders, stress, or anxiety. Then they practice taking sedatives, which are based on natural herbs, until the symptoms disappear.

Symptoms of urticaria:

bright pink blisters appear, causing itching and burning; after two to three hours of blisters, then they become paler and go away completely; Fever and headache are observed in parallel;

Such a process can last or occur in periodic outbreaks for several days and, in some cases, several months.

First aid for allergies

Naturally, your first action, if one of your loved ones shows the signs described above, should be to call an ambulance and call the doctors. Panic in this situation is unacceptable; you must ensure that the victim remains conscious until the doctors arrive.

Basic actions before the ambulance arrives

The patient should no longer have contact with the allergen that caused the allergic reaction. If a person is bitten by an insect, the poison needs to be removed from the wound; most likely this will have to be done by squeezing or sucking, and the faster the better. When the reaction is provoked by taking medications or food, a gag reflex is needed, and the patient will also benefit from a cleansing enema and gastric lavage. In situations where an allergy is caused by a smell, the best solution is to ventilate the room.

The first manifestations of allergic reactions should be eliminated by one of the antiallergic antihistamines: in such cases, Suprastin, Diazolin, Fencarol, Telfast, Loratadine, Zyrtec, Tavegil and many others are used.

The patient urgently needs a comfortable, comfortable position: most likely the victim should be laid down, provided with a pillow under the head or a small cushion - this will provide blood flow to the organs. In addition, it is important for the victim to ensure maximum air flow to the lungs. Applying cold to the area of contact with the allergen will help slow down the immune reactions.

If breathing stops, the patient needs immediate artificial respiration.

If the heart has stopped, immediate chest compressions are needed.

First aid for food allergies

A special feature of providing first aid for food allergies is that in order to eliminate the effect of the allergen on the victim, in addition to stopping the use of the product, it is also necessary to rinse the stomach. In addition, you need to drink plenty of fluids - water, tea, alkaline mineral waters are suitable. A useful solution would be to use a sorbent, such as activated carbon. It will help eliminate from the digestive tract and stomach those substances that caused allergic reactions.

Help with allergies starts with identifying symptoms. It is necessary to distinguish between mild and severe manifestations of allergic reactions. So, with a mild manifestation, it is enough to take an antihistamine and schedule a visit to an immunologist. In severe cases, emergency medical attention for allergies is required, as anaphylactic shock caused by such a reaction can be fatal.

First of all, if an allergic reaction occurs, any contact of the patient with the allergen should be eliminated. If, for example, the allergy is caused by a medicine, cancel it; if it is caused by plant pollen, remove the patient from the source of flowering. If the allergen is a food product, rinse the stomach. In other cases, gastric lavage is a useless procedure, since an allergy is not poisoning.

But it is recommended to drink plenty of water - water, tea, alkaline mineral waters.

For a skin allergic reaction, hormonal ointments are used, as well as lotions made from green tea, peppermint or lemon balm infusion. Under no circumstances should you try to soothe irritated skin with alcohol or diluted vinegar. When an insect bites you, putting an ice pack on the bite area can relieve discomfort.

Before the ambulance arrives or a visit to the doctor, you can take Diphenhydramine, Suprastin, Tavegil or another antihistamine in the required dosage, and after half an hour, when the medicine begins to act, a sorbent (for example, activated carbon) - this will help remove from the digestive tract substances that could provoke an allergic reaction.

Emergency care for allergies and anaphylactic shock

Anaphylaxis, a severe and fast-acting form of an allergic reaction, poses a serious threat to the life and health of the patient. Its main symptoms are itching, chills, swelling of the face, body and mucous membranes of the mouth and nose, fever, vomiting, rash, puffiness of the face. The development of symptoms can cause breathing problems and cessation, convulsions, and low blood pressure, which in turn can lead to death. If you experience any severe allergic reaction, you should call emergency services. But what to do if the patient is getting worse and the doctors have not yet arrived? You will have to provide help for allergies yourself.

As in any other case of an allergic reaction, you must first find out what caused anaphylaxis and eliminate the allergen.

If you cannot find the culprit, you need to isolate the patient as much as possible from all possible allergens, ventilate the room, undress the patient or change into different clothes, provide a flow of fresh air, put him to bed and warm him with hot tea.

If the reaction occurs after administering or taking medicine or food, then induce vomiting, rinse the stomach, and give the patient an enema.

In parallel with all these procedures, call an ambulance and wait for the doctor to arrive.

Be prepared for the fact that anaphylaxis can cause respiratory or cardiac arrest, so the patient may need artificial respiration or chest compressions.

Help for allergies involves eliminating the possible culprits of the reaction and contacting a doctor - regardless of the severity of the allergic reaction. Remember that the reaction can also be expressed in a delayed form, in which symptoms do not appear immediately, but over time they can develop into a severe reaction.

First aid for allergic reactions helps to stop hypersensitivity reactions and prevent the development of such serious complications as, or. It includes measures aimed at removing the allergen from the body and neutralizing already launched biological mechanisms of the allergic process (for example, bronchospasm).

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Allergic reactions of this type develop within a few minutes after the allergen enters the body, when it attaches to IgE class antibodies located on the membranes of basophils and mast cells. As a result of this interaction, biologically active substances (histamine, serotonin, etc.) are released, as well as the formation of new mediators: thromboxanes, prostaglandins, platelet activating factor. All released and newly synthesized substances interact with the receptors of various cells of the body, causing bronchospasm or simply a rapid increase in tissue edema.

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions include anaphylactic shock, angioedema, bronchial asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and acute urticaria. They occur during repeated contact with an allergen.

Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

Antibodies belonging to the IgG or IgM class bind allergens fixed to the cells of the body. As a result, immune complexes are formed that activate the complement system, which is responsible for damage to the cell membrane and cell death.

The most typical manifestations of this type of reaction are damage to the blood, lungs and kidneys in autoimmune diseases, such as Goodpasture's syndrome.

Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

In this case, when the body encounters an allergen, circulating immune complexes are formed, which can settle in various tissues and themselves cause a perverted response of the immune system and a local inflammation reaction. A typical example of this type of reaction is the Arthus phenomenon, serum sickness, glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, exogenous allergic alveolitis.

Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions

These include delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, when the first manifestations develop 24 or more hours after encountering the allergen. They arise as a result of the action of waste products of protozoa, helminths and microorganisms, as well as medications and cosmetics containing haptens, which, when combined with body proteins, turn into full-fledged allergens.

We encounter a delayed hypersensitivity reaction every time we perform the Mantoux tuberculin test. Another common type of condition that causes these reactions is allergic dermatitis.

First aid for allergic reactions

The variety of mechanisms for the development of allergic reactions dictates a different approach to providing first aid.

Hives

The most decisive and rapid measures require the reaction of anaphylaxis, among which urticaria has the mildest course. There is the following first aid algorithm in case of acute urticaria:

Allergen removal. If the cause of the allergy is a food product or a medicine taken orally, then the patient should rinse the stomach, give a cleansing enema and then give any sorbent (activated carbon, enterosgel, atoxil, polyphepan).
Take an antihistamine tablet or injection. Suprastin, tavegil, diphenhydramine, loratadine, desloratadine and others are used for these purposes.

Rhinitis, conjunctivitis

It is necessary to limit contact with the allergen, for which the patient should be brought into the room if tears and sneezing occur under the influence of pollen or dust. Next, you need to wear a gauze bandage, which will reduce contact of the allergen with the mucous membranes, as well as goggles (preferably diving type) to protect the surface of the eyes.

In addition, you need to rinse the nasal passages with water and drip any antiallergic drops containing an antihistamine or hormonal drug. In case of severe itching and watery eyes, it is also permissible to drop appropriate ophthalmic drops into the eyes.

Then, if necessary, you need to take an antihistamine.

Allergic dermatitis

For allergic dermatitis, first aid may consist of relieving itching and applying medicinal lotions if weeping occurs. Antihistamines are quite suitable for this purpose.

Due to the fact that allergic dermatitis is often caused by a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, great attention should be paid to measures to eliminate the allergen from the body and prevent the ingestion of true allergens and haptens (exclude the use of substances that cause an allergic reaction, remove their residues from the surface of the skin, etc.) .d.).

Serum sickness

Serum sickness develops a week or more after administration of the serum and is manifested by fever up to 39°C, joint stiffness, polyadenitis and various skin rashes. At this time, damage to blood vessels by immune complexes occurs in the body, which determines the severity of the disease, leading to damage to almost all organs.

First aid includes taking prednisolone or other hormonal drugs, membrane stabilizers (zaditen, ketotifen) and antihistamines.

Further treatment is carried out in a hospital and includes detoxification therapy, elimination of circulating complexes, enterosorption and hemosorption procedures.

Conclusion

In the event of an anaphylactic reaction or other severe allergic conditions, you should definitely call an emergency team, because in this situation the patient must receive qualified medical care and be under medical supervision for some time.

If the condition is not so severe, you still need to see a doctor so that he can prescribe the appropriate treatment. Also, special attention should be paid to preventive measures aimed at preventing contact with the allergen in the future.

Timely first aid for allergies can save a person’s life. After all, this is a fairly serious disease, which is often accompanied by dangerous symptoms.

Therefore, if any life-threatening signs appear, you should call an ambulance and take the necessary measures before its arrival.

Forms of manifestations

Allergies can have a different course, and this has a direct impact on the symptoms of the disease.

Lightweight

Mild forms of allergies usually manifest themselves in the following types:

Heavy

Severe forms of allergic reactions pose a real danger to human health and life and require emergency medical care.

These include:

How the mild form manifests itself and what to do

When mild allergic reactions develop, the following symptoms usually appear:

slight itching on the skin in the area of contact with the allergen;
lacrimation and slight itching in the eye area;
unexpressed redness of a limited area of the skin;
slight swelling or swelling;
runny nose and nasal congestion;
constant sneezing;
the appearance of blisters in the area of the insect bite.

If such symptoms occur, you need to do the following sequence of actions:

thoroughly rinse the area of contact with the allergen with warm water - nose, mouth, skin;
avoid contact with the allergen;
if the allergy is associated with an insect bite and a sting remains in the affected area, it must be carefully removed;
apply a cool compress to the itchy area of the body;
take an anti-allergy drug – loratadine, Zyrtec, Telfast.

If a person’s condition worsens, you should contact an ambulance or go to a medical facility yourself.

Common symptoms that require you to call an ambulance

There are allergy symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

breathing problems, shortness of breath;
spasms in the throat, a feeling of closing the airways;
nausea and vomiting;
pain in the abdomen;
hoarseness, speech problems;
swelling, redness, itching of large areas of the body;
weakness, dizziness, feeling of anxiety;
increased heart rate and palpitations;
loss of consciousness.

Symptoms of severe forms

In acute forms of allergies, very specific symptoms arise that require urgent medical attention.

This is a fairly common form of allergy in people, and it is most often observed in young women.

The patient experiences swelling of the subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. When the throat is swollen, problems with breathing and swallowing appear.

If medical assistance is not provided in time, a person may die from suffocation.

The main symptoms of angioedema include the following:

breathing problems;
hoarseness and cough;
epileptic seizure;
asphyxia;
swelling of the skin.

With the development of urticaria, bright pink blisters appear on the skin, which are accompanied by burning and itching.

After a few hours they turn pale and then disappear completely.

Along with the development of these symptoms, headaches and fever appear.

This process can continue continuously or have a wave-like course over several days. In some cases it lasts for several months.

Anaphylactic shock

Symptoms of this condition can manifest in different ways, depending on the severity of the allergic reaction.

Typically, anaphylaxis is characterized by the following symptoms:

red rash accompanied by severe itching;
swelling around the eyes, lips and limbs;
narrowing, swelling, spasms of the airways;
nausea and vomiting;
feeling of a lump in the throat;
metallic taste in the mouth;
feeling of fear;
a sharp decrease in blood pressure, which can cause dizziness, weakness, and loss of consciousness.

Severe rash

Severe skin rashes can manifest as eczema.

This condition is characterized by inflammation of the upper layers of the skin. Typically, eczema is accompanied by severe itching and has a long course with periods of exacerbations.

Also, a severe rash can manifest itself in the form of atopic dermatitis.

This disease is characterized by the development of erythema with bright redness of individual areas of the skin and severe tissue swelling.

Subsequently, such dermatitis can lead to the appearance of blisters, which, after opening, leave weeping erosions.

First aid for allergies at home for:

Quincke's edema

Treatment of this disease should never be delayed, as it may precede anaphylactic shock.

First aid for allergic reactions accompanied by angioedema should include the following measures:

stopping the entry of the allergen into the body.
refusal to eat.
administration of antihistamines. Loratadine or cetirizine can be used orally; suprastin or diphenhydramine is usually prescribed intramuscularly.
use of sorbents. In this case, enterosgel, activated carbon, and smecta are suitable. You can also give a person a cleansing enema.

Hives

If symptoms of urticaria appear, you need to act according to the following scenario:

stop taking medications;
If you have an allergic reaction to food, take a sorbent - white coal or enterosgel. You can also drink a laxative and rinse your stomach;
If an insect bites you, you should get rid of the source of the poison;
When a contact allergy occurs, you need to remove the irritant from the surface of the skin.

Tavegil, suprastin or diphenhydramine can be administered intravenously.

If large areas of skin are affected, intravenous administration of prednisolone is indicated.

Anaphylactic shock

If the necessary medications are not available, you need to rinse the stomach, do a cleansing enema, and give the patient activated charcoal.

Also, in the area of contact with the allergen, you can lubricate the skin with an ointment containing hydrocortisone or prednisolone.

You should also carry out the following sequence of actions:

stop access of the allergen;
position the person in such a way as to prevent the tongue from sticking in and swallowing vomit;
apply a tourniquet above the insect bite or use a medicine;
administer adrenaline, mesaton or norepinephrine intravenously or intramuscularly;
administer prednisolone with glucose solution intravenously;
Inject antihistamines intravenously or intramuscularly after normalization of blood pressure.

Video: All about anaphylactic shock

Severe rash

Before identifying the allergen, you can resort to topical remedies to treat allergic rashes.

Therapy should be aimed at eliminating swelling and reducing the feeling of itching of the skin.

To do this, you can wet the affected areas with cold water or use a cool compress.

To avoid the spread of an allergic rash, you need to protect the affected areas of the skin from external factors.

You should also limit contact of affected areas with water. It is very important that the skin comes into contact only with natural cotton fabric.

What to do if you react to:

Sun

If an allergy to the sun leads to loss of consciousness, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Before doctors arrive, it is necessary to provide assistance to the victim:

try to bring the person to consciousness.
It is important to ensure that clothing is loose and does not irritate the skin.
provide sufficient water to replenish fluid deficiency in the body.
if the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, you need to apply a cool compress to the forehead, legs, and groin. If possible, it is necessary to use antipyretic drugs - paracetamol or ibuprofen.
If vomiting occurs, the person should be turned on their side.

Insect bite

An allergy to a bee sting occurs in approximately 2% of people. Moreover, upon the first bite, a reaction may not appear.

If there is a tendency to allergies, a person may develop anaphylactic shock when insect bites.

In this case, an urgent call to an ambulance is necessary, and before its arrival, the following measures must be taken:

lay down and cover a person;
give the victim several antihistamine tablets;
in the absence of swelling of the pharynx and tongue, you can give him strong sweet tea or coffee;
if breathing or heartbeat stops, you need to perform artificial respiration and closed cardiac massage.

Food allergen

Guidelines for helping with food allergies depend on the severity of the reaction. If life-threatening symptoms appear, you should immediately call an ambulance.

In other cases you can:

use sorbents– white coal, enterosgel.
take an antihistamine– cetirizine, desloratadine, loratadine.
in case of significant skin damage and severe itching, first generation antihistamines - suprastin - are used.
for severe allergies, hormonal medications are indicated– dexamethasone, prednisolone.
ointments are used to eliminate skin manifestations– fenistil, bepanten, skin-cap. In difficult cases, you can use topical hormonal drugs - hydrocortisone or prednisolone ointment.

How to help a child

First aid for allergies in a child consists of implementing the following measures:

sit the baby upright - this position usually helps ease breathing. If dizziness occurs, he should be placed on the bed. If nausea is present, your head should be turned to the side.
Give the child an antihistamine in any form - syrup, tablets, capsules. If the baby cannot swallow or has lost consciousness, the tablet must be crushed, mixed with water and poured into his mouth.
If a child has lost consciousness, you need to constantly check his pulse, breathing, and pupils. If the child is not breathing or has no palpable pulse, you should immediately begin resuscitation measures - artificial respiration and cardiac massage.

What to do if you have a sudden reaction on your face

Immediate help for the appearance of rashes on the face is to:

cleansing the affected area;
then a cool compress based on a decoction of sage, calendula or chamomile should be applied to the cleansed skin;
gauze needs to be changed every two minutes;
the total duration of the procedure should be ten minutes;
after this, the face can be dried and sprinkled with potato or rice starch - these products will help eliminate redness and swelling;
the procedure must be repeated several times within an hour.

Do not neglect antihistamines either. If allergies appear on the face, you can take tavegil, suprastin, loratadine. If the reaction does not go away, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What should always be in the first aid kit

The following medications should always be present in the first aid kit of a person prone to allergic reactions:

general antihistamine – cetirizine, loratadine, etc.;
antiallergic agent for topical use - hydrocortisone ointment, elocom;
hormonal anti-inflammatory drug for relieving acute allergy attacks - prednisolone.

For people who have experienced anaphylactic shock at least once, doctors recommend that they always carry a syringe with adrenaline with them.

This will allow others to help the person with the development of severe allergies.

What to do if you don’t have a first aid kit at hand

In case of a mild allergic reaction, it is enough to avoid contact with the allergen.

To eliminate rashes and reduce swelling, you can use folk remedies:

sage decoction;
chamomile;
calendula.

If you have a severe allergy, you should never self-medicate.

In such a situation, you should urgently contact an ambulance or take the victim to the hospital - any delay can result in death.

What is strictly forbidden to do

If anaphylactic shock and other severe allergic reactions develop, you should not:

Leaving a person alone.
Give him something to drink or eat.
Place any objects under your head, as this can lead to increased respiratory failure.
Give antipyretics for fever.

Proper and timely assistance for an allergic reaction can save a person’s life.

Therefore, when you see:

severe skin rashes;
breathing problems;
drop in blood pressure

You must immediately call an ambulance and take all necessary actions before it arrives.

The World Health Organization classifies allergies as one of the most common illnesses on Earth. According to statistics, 40% of the world population suffers from it. Symptoms of the disease can be sudden and very severe, and then the person urgently needs first aid for allergies. In 15% of cases, its absence leads to death, so when an attack occurs, seconds often count.

First aid for allergies can save a patient’s life

Allergies: how to provide first aid

Allergies can have different manifestations in different situations. The main symptoms and first aid measures depend on their severity.

The most common form of the disease is mild. Its characteristic manifestations are:

urticaria - itching, redness and rashes on the skin and mucous membranes;
allergic rhinitis – sneezing, clear discharge from the sinuses, coughing, nasal congestion;
Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva that causes watery eyes and mild itching.

If a mild allergy occurs, do the following:

rinse the area of contact with the allergen (skin, nose, mouth) with running water;
exclude contact;
if the attack is associated with an insect bite, remove the sting remaining in the skin;
apply a bandage soaked in cool water to the itchy area;
take an antihistamine.

If the patient's condition worsens, you should urgently consult a doctor.

Allergies can manifest themselves in severe forms. One of them is angioedema: swelling of the throat, leading to problems with breathing and swallowing. The patient experiences the following symptoms:

swelling of the throat, larynx and oral cavity;
wheezing and difficulty breathing;
epilepsy attacks;
suffocation;
swelling of the skin.

If urgent measures are not taken, death occurs, so before the medical team arrives, first aid for allergies at home is extremely important. You need:

eliminate interaction with the allergen;
do not give food to the victim;
give the patient activated carbon or another absorbent to remove allergen remnants from the gastrointestinal tract;
perform a cleansing enema;
administer an antihistamine (orally or intravenously).

Another severe form of allergy is anaphylactic shock. The patient experiences nausea, vomiting, swelling of the mucous membranes, respiratory problems, skin rash and respiratory depression. In such conditions, it is imperative to call an ambulance, rinse the person’s stomach and administer an antihistamine.