Problem: There is a summer cottage and a toilet on the street. It's dark at night, and so is the toilet. if possible enable street light then the problem of getting to the toilet is removed, but the problem of finding your way around the toilet remains. It is necessary to organize light in the toilet, as simply, cheaply and safely as possible.

Solution: automatic lighting powered by solar panels. Chinese lanterns, which are charged from the sun are a decorative solution, the light from them is not enough. In this case, we will gut 2 of these flashlights, remove the battery and solar battery from them. We also need a 1W LED with the converter from the previous one:

Since 1.2V is not enough for the circuit, we will double the amount of energy. We have two solar panels connected in series and two batteries connected in series. To prevent dark current, a Schottky diode is connected in series. IN sunny weather The charging current can be tens of milliamps. With such a current, we should not be concerned about overcharging; excess energy will be dissipated in the form of heat, of which there is little. Due to the load of 1W, the charge will not be enough for the whole night, so we don’t sit for a long time)

Automatic switching on when the door is opened. This is controlled by a microswitch:

Instead of a microswitch, you can use a reed switch. In general, everything that is at hand. Scheme:

The toilet has a window through which light enters during the day. We will place solar panels on this window. Otherwise, we would have to fence a sealed enclosure:

The microswitch is adjusted so that it opens the circuit when the door is not closed tightly, and closes when the door is open or not closed tightly:

Often the first thing a person thinks about after purchasing a plot of land is: how to make a simple outdoor toilet in a dacha with your own hands and ready-made drawings will come in handy here, as well as detailed description all stages of construction, tips and nuances.

One of the most important and vital buildings in a country house or garden plot is the toilet. The need for a simple structure arises within a few hours of arrival. And even if the owners already have a bathroom in cozy house, street amenities will never be superfluous.

Toilet on summer cottage easy to build with your own hands

The simplicity of the design allows even a person without much construction experience to equip a toilet for their dacha with their own hands. And if you use your imagination, then a house for thinking about

will fit perfectly into the design of the site and, perhaps, even become its decoration.

What kind of toilet to build: types and features

Actually, there are only two options here: with or without a cesspool.

• A toilet with a cesspool is a simple structure, proven by experience and time, which consists of an equipped cesspool and a toilet house above it. As the pit is filled with sewage, it is cleaned out manually or a sewer truck is ordered.
  And sometimes they simply move the house to another place. The old pit is buried, and after 6-7 years its contents will finally rot and you can put the toilet back again.

• Backlash closet - a type outdoor toilet with a pit for sewage, but with the difference that it must be sealed. Such a toilet has to be built if it is located close to a house, a water source, or when groundwater lie high.

Diagram: how the backlash closet works

• A toilet without a cesspool or a powder closet is installed if the groundwater is very high or if the toilet is rarely used. IN in this case the container for collecting sewage can be anything except a pit (bucket, barrel, plastic tank). The required volume determines the intensity of use of the bathroom.

After each trip to such a toilet, sewage is sprinkled with dry peat, sometimes sawdust or ash is used, so the house should have a box for “masking powder”. After filling, the container is removed manually and the contents are evacuated to compost pit. If the sewage has been sprinkled with peat, then after a while it becomes a wonderful fertilizer.

Toilet without a cesspool (powder closet)

Important! If groundwater lies below 2.5 meters, any type of toilet can be built, but if it is located higher, then a cesspool will have to be abandoned.

Where to build a toilet

For toilets with a cesspool, there are a number of sanitary and hygienic standards and restrictions, which determine their location on the site.
Minimum distances from the toilet to other objects:

• To water sources (wells, boreholes, lakes, rivers) – 25 m;
• To houses, cellars - 12 m;
• Before summer shower or baths - 8 m;
• To the nearest tree – 4 m, and to the bushes – 1 m;
• To fences - at least 1 m.

Scheme: correct location toilet relative to other buildings on the dacha plot

Important! When choosing a construction site, it is worth considering not only objects located on own plot, and also those located on the neighboring one.

So that summer evenings on the terrace are not spoiled by the amber, the place is chosen taking into account the wind rose. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to install the toilet at the lowest point.

Construction of a cesspool

After selecting and preparing the site, they begin to dig a cesspool. As a rule, she square shape, at least 2 meters deep.
There are two types of cesspool:

• Sealed. The bottom of such a pit is concreted, reinforced before pouring, and to prevent the reinforcement from sinking in the concrete, it is placed on pegs. The walls are also sealed, puttied with mortar or the seams covered with bitumen.

Sealed pit latrine

• Absorbing. It is better to dig such a hole down to the sand, then the liquid fraction of sewage will quickly sink into the ground. The bottom is covered with a layer of coarse crushed stone or pebbles.

Absorption cesspool design

There are several ways to strengthen the walls of a cesspool:

• Brickwork;
• Concrete structure;
• Ready iron concrete rings;
• Plastic tank.

The pit is covered from above, with beams, slate or concrete, leaving only the area under the toilet seat open, and they begin to assemble the toilet house.

Construction of a toilet house

The optimal dimensions of a country toilet are 1×1.5 m, height – 2.2-2.5 m. Otherwise, it will simply be inconvenient, especially for people with large figures. It is not necessary to make toilet drawings yourself, if there are no special requirements and you can use ready-made ideas.
First of all, the scheme is convenient in that it allows you to correctly calculate the amount of building materials and the preliminary cost of a yard bathroom.

Construction of a toilet over a cesspool (proper placement diagram)

Frame base

It is recommended to move the toilet house 2/3 forward above the cesspool, thus providing access for cleaning behind the rear wall of the structure.
The stability of the building can be ensured by a shallow foundation. Between it and the frame, waterproofing is laid, 1-2 layers of roofing felt. But for light construction It doesn't have to be made of wood. It is enough to install the base on concrete blocks.
You can also put four supporting pillars. To do this, in the corners future design dig four holes about 60 cm deep, up to 1 meter in soft soils, and lower them into asbestos pipes. The hole is filled one third of the way cement mortar. After this, a support beam is installed in the pipe, and the hole is completely filled with concrete.

Installing the toilet base on concrete blocks

Frame assembly

To build a frame, beams with a cross section of 50×50 or 80×80 mm will be sufficient; it is not advisable to take larger material.

• First, assemble a rectangular support with a jumper from which the front wall of the toilet seat will rise, and screw it to the foundation or support posts. A board is laid on top. The thickness of the floor board must be at least 3 cm.

Construction wooden frame for the toilet

• The frame of the front, rear and side walls is assembled from timber. In this case, the front wall should be at least 10 cm higher than the back wall, this will ensure the necessary roof slope.
• For greater structural strength, it is recommended to make diagonal jibs on the side and rear walls.
• On the front wall, be sure to make a reinforcement for the door of the appropriate size and make a hole for the window.
• The wall frames are fixed to the base metal corners, a harness is made on top and at the level of the toilet seat.

Strengthening the toilet frame with metal corners

• The next step will be assembling the frame of the toilet seat and covering it, if not provided alternative options, for example, a floor-mounted toilet.

Frame covering

Sheathing the frame wooden planks. The vertical arrangement allows you to significantly save material, and the horizontal one imitates a log house and looks more interesting. The boards are tightly fitted to each other and attached to the base. Instead of wood, corrugated sheets, slate or any other material that matches the construction budget are also used.

Toilet frame trim

Advice! All wooden elements It is advisable to treat the structures with a special antibacterial impregnation, which will protect the material from moisture and pests, and then cover it with varnish or paint

Roof

The roof should not protrude beyond the walls by more than 30 cm. Installation begins by securing parallel boards at a short distance. After this, the visor is sewn up from below, and boards are attached to the outside around the perimeter. A layer of waterproofing is laid on the prepared base, usually roofing felt, after which the structure is covered with any roofing material(slate, metal profile, bitumen shingles).

For a toilet, erecting a simple flat roof is enough

Summer residents, whom standard scheme is not satisfied with the house, they can find drawings of more interesting options, make it themselves or purchase ready-made toilet houses; they are assembled like a construction set, and for convenience they are necessarily accompanied by instructions and all the accompanying drawings.

Exhaust ventilation

Exhaust ventilation in country toilet- is a pipe that removes odors from the cesspool. Its lower edge is inserted into the hole, and the upper edge should rise above the roof by at least 20 cm.

Ventilation of a country toilet

Suitable for arranging ventilation plastic pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters. It is attracted to the back wall from the inner or outside structures and fixed with iron clamps. To increase traction, a deflector attachment is installed on the head.

Installing a toilet door

Doors are installed using ordinary wooden, ready-made plastic or home-made ones, from the material with which the frame was sheathed. Hang the door on 2 hinges. In principle, the closing method can be any, traditionally it is a latch, latch or hook, outside and inside. It is better to avoid more sophisticated locking systems, for example, with latches, since their mechanism will be exposed to moisture and will quickly rust.

Two hinges are enough to install the door

Lighting

For more comfortable operation of amenities, it is better to take care of their lighting in advance. This could be a wall lantern that is battery powered. As an option, you can install electrical wiring and connect a small lighting fixture.

Lighting options for a country toilet

And to illuminate during the day inner space there will be a small window. It is usually cut out above the doors or at the top of the door, but there are actually more options, from figured windows on the walls and up to the transparent roof.

Advice! A cesspool will last longer if you don’t throw it in toilet paper and other hygiene or household supplies, so there must be a bucket in the toilet. If the size allows, it is convenient to install a regular washbasin with a hanging spout here, especially since the rowing pit is already ready.

Powder closet: construction features

The absence of a cesspool is the main difference in construction. But there are some differences in the design of the house. You will have to think about a way to remove the container in which the sewage is collected.

Scheme: powder closet device

The door is usually equipped on the back wall of the house or the front wall of the toilet seat. Inside the cabin there is a special box for peat (ash, sawdust). It’s also impossible to do without ventilation here, only the pipe is not lowered into the hole, but directly under the toilet seat.

The toilet, of course, is far from the main room in the apartment. However, the bathroom must be equipped in such a way that it is as convenient and safe to use as possible. This applies, of course, to the wiring and connection of lamps in the toilet that must be done correctly.

The peculiarity of bathrooms is, first of all, that in most cases the rooms are small. In addition, toilets are usually completely absent daylight, because windows are almost never provided in bathrooms. That's why artificial lighting in such rooms, in any case, it should be quite intense and powerful.

Which lamps to choose

Such devices are purchased depending on the design and layout of the bathroom itself. For example, lighting in small toilet, long and narrow, it is best to arrange it using some beautiful wall lamps. Using such equipment narrow room can be easily expanded visually. To do this, the lamps should be hung on both long walls higher.

For a restroom with low ceilings, regular flat lampshades are best suited. Lighting in a large toilet can be organized using a variety of lamps. These can be small ceiling chandeliers, wall sconces, and even floor options similar devices.

When choosing lamps for a toilet, among other things, you should take into account the standards provided by SNiP. Otherwise, using the restroom will be inconvenient in the future. So, for example, according to the rules, normal lighting in a toilet per 1 m2 is 20 lux.

Wiring rules

According to SNiP standards, the cable in the toilet, as it is, is allowed to be laid only in a hidden way. That is, the wires in such rooms are pulled in grooves. The only exceptions in this case are wooden buildings. In the toilets of such houses, cables can be laid in hermetically sealed metal pipes.

It is not prohibited to install sockets in toilets. However, such elements are most often installed only in combined bathrooms. In such premises they are used for washing machines, hair dryers, etc. Sometimes lamps in the toilet are also connected to sockets. In any case, only waterproof structures (minimum IP 44) should be used in bathrooms.

Distribution boxes Usually they are not installed either in separate toilets or in combined bathrooms. In any case, it is better to move such an element outside the restroom.

Cable selection

Of course, the wires used for installation in the toilet, as in any other place in the apartment, must be fire-resistant and reliable. When choosing a cable for a restroom, you need to pay attention to:

its section;

material and number of cores;

certificate.

For obvious reasons, such products should be purchased exclusively from trusted manufacturers.

As for the material, in most cases, property owners today use copper wiring for their electrification. Aluminum is considered outdated and does not meet the requirements of organizing modern life.

Wiring to toilets, combined or separate, is three-wire. That is, the cable must have a ground wire.

If everywhere in the rooms there are stretched copper wires, then, of course, you should use this type of cable for the restroom. The aluminum option is not particularly suitable in this case. It is believed that it is best to use cables with low level smoke emissions VVGng 3x1.5 or VVGng-LS. In any case, the cross-section of the wire purchased for the toilet should not be less than 2.5 mm 2.

Location of devices: standards

In individual restrooms, lamps can be hung almost anywhere. When installing such devices in combined bathrooms, the following rules should be observed:

It is allowed to place lamps in the toilet, as well as sockets, no closer than 60 cm to sinks, bathtubs and showers;

It is also not allowed to place sockets or lighting fixtures directly next to the floor, to avoid them getting wet due to leaks.

The wires from the restroom should be connected to a two-pole RCD. This method will allow you to immediately turn off the power to the bathroom in the future, if necessary.

How to wire a toilet

Perform the procedure for electrifying the restroom as follows:

make markings on the walls;

measure the required wire length;

buy the cable itself.

perform wall slitting according to the markings;

make sockets for sockets, if provided;

install switches.

How to make light in the toilet: wall strobing

IN brick houses Cables are usually pulled using fairly simple technology. It is not too difficult to ditch walls made of such material. After all, bricks are laid using cement mortar. This material is quite easy to use with a hammer and chisel.

The seam between the rows of bricks stretches in the vast majority of cases along the entire wall. So horizontal cable laying in such a house can be done in just a couple of hours. In this case, you will have to tinker with vertical installation. After all, bricklaying is done with bandaging of seams. Therefore, in order to raise or lower the cable along the plane of the wall, you will have to use a grinder.

The same tool is usually used for gating concrete walls. In this case, horizontal knockout has to be done more carefully than in brickwork- using building level.

Wire routing

After the grooves are laid in accordance with the chosen lighting design in the toilet, they begin to hollow out the sockets for the sockets. For this purpose, a hammer drill with a special attachment is usually used. Next, we begin to actually lay the wires. Pulling cables in grooves is allowed without any additional protection. But it is best to lay the wires in grooves along the pipe. In this case, in the future, if necessary, they can be easily replaced.

When laying a cable in a groove, you can fasten it, for example, with thin metal plates that you cut yourself. Each such element is nailed into a groove in the middle. The cable is then pulled over the plate. Next, bend the ends of the metal strip over the laid wire. Using the same principle, you can also secure a pipe under the cable in the groove.

After the wiring to the toilet has been laid, the groove is sealed with alabaster or cement mortar. After waiting for the material to dry, the section of the wall above the cable is carefully sanded using sandpaper.

Connecting devices

After the wall has dried, you can begin to actually arrange the lighting in the toilet. When using only one lamp in the restroom, it is best to move the switch outside the restroom, for example, into the corridor.

As with sockets, a socket is pre-hollowed out for this element. Switches are installed according to the diagrams drawn on their rear panel. In cables, the ground wire usually has a sheath yellow color, "phase" - red, "zero" - blue. In accordance with this, the connection is made. When installing lighting in the toilet, sockets are installed using the same technology. That is, they connect the earth, phase and zero wires to the corresponding terminals of the product.

Smart connection

You don't have to use the light in the toilet too often. But many people simply forget to flip the switch after visiting the restroom. And this, of course, is very uneconomical. To avoid this, you can install not ordinary, but “smart” lighting in the toilet.

In this case, in addition to the lamp itself and the switch, a special device is installed in the restroom - a presence sensor to turn on the light. Such a device is installed in the toilet right at the entrance. Equipment of this type is connected directly to the wiring coming out of the wall and to the lamp according to the diagram provided by the manufacturer.

Instead of a presence sensor to turn on the light in front of the entrance to the restroom, you can also install a motion sensor. Such a device will also make living in the house much more comfortable. It differs from a presence sensor in that it does not “catch” various kinds small movements. However, a person passing through the doorway similar device In any case, he will be able to “notice”. At the same time, motion sensors are somewhat cheaper than presence sensors.

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What should a toilet light look like in the 21st century?

Previously, it was generally accepted that light in the toilet was sufficiently provided by one small light bulb, turned on from the outside by pressing the appropriate switch. But it’s already 2016 and I personally decided to keep up with the times, using modern technological advances. I will tell you further what came out of this.

Selecting and installing a light source

Sad hanging from the ceiling Wall Light, consisting of one incandescent light bulb, has probably been in every toilet of multi-storey buildings, and has remained in some to this day. At least, that’s how it was for me before I took up reforms.

This option was considered optimal for the bathroom, which is absolutely not true, which I will now prove to you:

Debunking myths

1. Myth one - saving. The fact is that visits to the toilet are not very frequent and short-term, so it has practically no impact on your family’s budget;

1. Myth two – no need for brighter light. Like: “What is there that needs to be considered?” But in general, being in a cramped space, shrouded in twilight, has a very negative impact on a person’s mental state, up to the risk of claustrophobia.

And if an adult is quite capable of enduring such conditions, albeit without much comfort, then if there are children in the apartment, it is better not to risk their health and mental state.

Advantages of LED spotlights

So, based on the above, what should a lamp for the toilet look like? I won’t languish for a long time, I gave my preference to LED spot models for the following reasons:

1. Economical energy consumption. Even understanding that the light in the bathroom is rarely turned on, you still want to make it more economical, such is human nature, and the lighting devices in question cope with this task quite successfully;
2. Quite bright, but not cutting, emitted light. Four lamps installed in the corners immersed my toilet in a soft and all-encompassing glow, excluding any depressive mood;

1. Simple hidden installation easy to do with your own hands. Fortunately, I sewed up the ceiling a little earlier plastic panels, so all that remains to be done, in fact, is to cut out the seats for the device sockets in them and extend the wiring to them from the location old light bulb. I will describe this process in more detail below;
2. High level of protection against high humidity levels. Of course, the toilet is not as damp as the bathroom, but still, an extra precaution wouldn’t hurt, and the owners shared bathrooms you need to be as careful as possible in this matter.

Current offers

Before you install LED lamp, you need to buy it. I will give the characteristics of some models along with their cost so that you can get your bearings:

• Model “011278 Piano ip mini”:

• Model "A601 W Ambrella":

• Model "006410 MEDUSA CR":

As you can see, the price mostly fluctuates depending on the shape of the lamp. But here it is advisable to do it anyway emphasis primarily on the moisture resistance of the device, and not on its originality.

Installation of spotlight

Above, I already noted the ease of installation of spotlights, now I will describe in more detail how I did it:

1. By inserting a crown of suitable diameter into cordless screwdriver, I drilled a hole in plastic ceiling at a pre-designated place;

1. Through the hole made got it the right wire , having previously de-energized the electrical network;

If you cannot reach the cable by hand, then use a piece of wire bent into a hook for this purpose. This device will easily fit into a standard mortise hole.

1. Further connected the wires to the lighting fixture itself;

1. Then threaded the lamp into the prepared seat and fixed it with special springs;

1. Final action put on decorative protection;
2. Turned on the power to check performance of the lighting device, then turned it off again and moved on to the next point.

If your bathroom is spacious enough to hold a mirror in it, then it is very interesting option will be the installation of LEDs in its frame. This move looks simply amazing, but in my apartment the toilet is of standard small size, so I couldn’t implement it.

Automation of light switching

So, in the end, after everything described, I received modern, economical, abundant, but not harsh on the eyes, lighting. If your apartment or private house layout also includes a small toilet, then I think four point light sources will be enough for you, although their number can be increased or decreased depending on the situation.

But this is not all that a bathroom of today should have. Automatic backlighting is what I decided to implement next. For what? Now I’ll explain everything:

Benefits of automatic lighting

• Tangible energy savings. Yes, yes, yes, I wrote at the very beginning that staying in the toilet is not so long that the light bulb has time to “wind” a lot, but this is only if you turned on the light, went in, dealt with all the things, went out and turned it off his.
  What if, suddenly, they forgot to turn it off, which especially often happens with children who are always in a hurry to get somewhere? Then the lighting fixture can burn unnecessarily for a very long time, “burning” your money. Automation completely eliminates this problem;
• Ease of use. You don’t need to press anything, you don’t need to reach anywhere, you just need to enter. Not only is this simply convenient, especially, again, for the youngest members of the family, but it also eliminates the possibility of accidentally turning off the light outside; many people have probably experienced such an unpleasant incident more than once at the most unfortunate moment.

Sensor selection

Automatically turning on the light in the toilet can be done by connecting one of three types of sensors:

1. Sound. It is activated by sound, which is usually set between 40-50 dB, which corresponds to clapping your hands. It has two regulators on the case, one of which is responsible for the level of noise closing the contacts, and the second for the duration of the period when the device is turned on.
   Sold in most different variations, which will allow you to easily choose the most suitable model for your toilet. Their price starts approximately from 350 rubles.

Plus: the ability to set it to turn off, that is, the second clap will bring darkness. Sensors operating on other principles must withstand the set circuit closure cycle.

Disadvantage: short range, requiring close proximity to the device. And if you use a hypersensitive model, then false inclusions from extraneous noise will become more frequent;

1. Ultrasonic. It has a very small size, making it easy to camouflage, and a high response speed. The principle of operation is that the device propagates ultrasonic waves with a length of 20-60 kHz, the intersection of which, due to the Doppler effect, causes the circuit to close. The cost of such a device also starts from about 350 rubles.

1. Infrared. The presence sensor has a lens system that focuses infrared radiation, pointing it at a special highly sensitive sensor. When the radiation force reaches a certain intensity, as occurs due to the appearance of a person in the controlled area, a circuit closure is triggered, which lasts for some time. The cost of such devices is already somewhat higher, since they start from 600 rubles.

The downside is the frequent false positives that can occur due to various temperature changes resulting, for example, from turning on hot water or air conditioner operation.

I chose a motion sensor for my toilet, working due to the propagation of ultrasonic waves. By the way, you can even immediately buy an LED lamp with a built-in system, although it will cost much more. So, for example, the “IEK 3237D” model shown below will cost you around 1,700 rubles:

Same connection process after I've practiced with myself lighting fixtures, was not difficult. For you, I also provided auxiliary diagrams above. In a nutshell, it’s simple you need to connect the purchased device to the circuit between the power source and the lamps.

By the way, you can even make music play in the toilet when the lights are turned on, but this is absolutely not for everybody, since many people prefer to “think” in silence.

Conclusion

You can improve the toilet lighting system in two stages. The first step is to replace the old light source with lamps that better meet the needs of today's consumer, for which I chose spotlight LED models. The second is to automate their work by connecting a special sensor; an ultrasonic device handled this task perfectly. As a result, the whole family is happy with the bright and “smart” bathroom.

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