Pantothenic acid contraindications. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid, calcium pantothenate)

Calcium pantothenate: instructions for use and reviews

Latin name: Calcii pantothenas

ATX code: A11HA31

Active substance: Calcium pantothenate

Manufacturer: ICN October, Belgorodvitamins, Akrikhin HFC, Pharmstandard-October (Russia)

Updating the description and photo: 06.08.2019

Calcium pantothenate is a medicine that regulates calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the body.

Release form and composition

Dosage form – white tablets (10 pcs. in blister-free packages, 1 or 2 packages in a cardboard box).

1 tablet contains the active substance: calcium pantothenate – 100 mg.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics

Calcium pantothenate is the calcium salt of pantothenic acid. Coenzyme A, which includes pantothenic acid, takes part in the processes of oxidation and acetylation. Pantothenic acid is necessary for the synthesis of acetylcholine; it is also involved in fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

It is found in large quantities in the adrenal cortex, stimulating the formation of corticosteroids. Pantothenic acid improves regeneration processes and energy supply for myocardial contraction, and also activates metabolic processes in tissues.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, Calcium pantothenate is easily absorbed from the intestines. When broken down, pantothenic acid is released. Approximately 60% of the drug is excreted in the urine, some in the feces.

Indications for use

Complex therapy for the following diseases/conditions:

• Circulatory failure;
• Toxicosis of pregnant women;
• Polyneuritis and neuralgia;
• Intestinal atony;
• Bronchial asthma, bronchitis;
• Eczema, burns, trophic ulcers;
• Withdrawal syndrome;
• Allergic reactions.

Contraindications

Calcium pantothenate is contraindicated for use in the presence of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Instructions for use of Calcium pantothenate: method and dosage

The tablets are taken orally, before meals.

Depending on age, the drug is prescribed:

• Adults and children over 14 years old: 2-4 times a day, 1-2 tablets (100-200 mg);
• Children 3-14 years old: 2 times a day, 1-2 tablets (100-200 mg);
• Children 1-3 years old: 1/2-1 tablet (50-100 mg) per day.

For postoperative intestinal atony, Calcium pantothenate is prescribed every 6 hours, 250 mg. The maximum adult daily dose is 400-800 mg.

The duration of the course of therapy is prescribed by the doctor individually and is determined by the patient’s condition.

Side effects

During treatment, side effects may develop, manifested in the form of pain in the upper abdomen, heartburn, vomiting, nausea and diarrhea.

Overdose

To date, there is no data on drug overdose.

special instructions

Before starting therapy, as well as in cases of atypical symptoms, you should consult your doctor.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy, the drug can be taken according to indications.

Vitamin B5 is a structural component of the key substance of metabolism - coenzyme A, which is involved in all types of metabolism - protein, lipid, carbohydrate, in the synthesis of hemoglobin, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, corticosteroids, adrenal hormones and in the processes of detoxification of the body by transferring acyl residues.

General information

What is another name for the substance?

Pantheonic acid or calcium pantothenate.

The compound received its name due to its wide distribution in nature from the word, which in Latin is called “pantothen” and translated means “everywhere”.

Vitamin B5 is a water-soluble substance whose main role is to assist in the processes of cellular energy production.

By chemical nature, calcium pantothenate is a dipeptide consisting of pantoic acid and β-alanine amino acid residues.

The empirical formula of the compound is C6H17O5N.

Despite the ubiquity of pantheonic acid in nature, a person may experience a deficiency of the substance. The abundance of white bread, semi-finished products, chips, canned foods and the lack of fresh vegetables, fruits, and meat products in the diet leads to the fact that vitamin B5 practically does not enter the body, as a result of which hypovitaminosis occurs.

What are the benefits of calcium pantothenate?

Due to a deficiency of the compound, metabolism primarily suffers, digestion worsens, and the immune-protective function decreases. A person becomes susceptible to inflammatory processes - ARVI.

In order for pantheonic acid to be preserved in maximum quantities in dishes, you should avoid eating frozen, canned foods, foods with a long shelf life that contain vinegar essence, and also cook in the most gentle mode: over low heat, extremely quickly under a closed lid.

Let's look at the functions, symptoms of B5 deficiency, excess, and what the compound contains.

History of discovery

The discovery of calcium pantothenate is associated with a detailed study of substances of natural origin that stimulate the intensive growth of yeast. In the process of dividing the “bios” into individual compounds with biotin, thiamine, and inositol, scientists isolated a thermolabile substance of an acidic nature, not adsorbed by coal, which is necessary for the development of a group of unicellular fungi.

While studying this substance in 1933, scientist Williams discovered that it was distributed everywhere. As a result of research carried out between 1933 and 1939, the professor and a group of collaborators were able to synthesize the compound in a highly purified state from liver extracts. The resulting substance was in the form of a crystalline calcium salt. A year later, scientists managed to decipher the chemical compound, which later became known as pantothenic acid. At the same time, it was demonstrated that liver extract, freed from riboflavin and pyridoxine, by adsorption on carbon, cures dermatic diseases that develop in chickens when feeding birds with heated feed. The established antidermatitis factor was named vitamin G. Upon further study of the compound, scientists discovered that it is identical in structure and function to pantothenic acid.

Scientists were able to fully determine the importance of vitamin B5 for a living organism only after the discovery of the vital coenzyme acetylation (A), of which it is a part.

Physicochemical characteristics

Vitamin B5 is a viscous substance of light yellow color with a melting point of 80 degrees. The compound dissolves well in acetic acid, water, ethyl, and poorly in ether, amyl alcohol, and organic solvents. Calcium pantothenate, reacting with water, forms colorless crystalline salts: calcium, sodium. Vitamin B5 is thermolabile. It is especially unstable when heated in alkalis and acids, hydrolyzing with the release of a,g-dioxy-b lactone, pantolactone, b-alanine at the amide bond. In neutral solutions, calcium pantothenate and its salts are relatively stable.

Amide - pantothenamide, pantothenol - produced by B5, are formed in the process of replacing the carboxyl group with an alcohol group. The latter compound has high vitamin activity for animals and, as a result, acts as an acid antagonist for a group of microorganisms.

Another, no less valuable, substance in living nature is panthetheine, obtained by reacting calcium pantothenate with b-mercaptoethylamine (cysteamine). When oxidized, it is converted into disulfite - pantethine. The bioproduct of pantothenic acid is part of coenzyme A.

Metabolism of vitamin B5

Every day, the intestinal microflora of a healthy body synthesizes 3.4 milligrams of vitamin B5. After food intake, pantothenic acid is absorbed by diffusion directly from the intestine into the blood and tissues, where it is subsequently captured by red blood cells and actively transformed into coenzyme forms - coenzyme-A and phosphopantothein. The remaining part of the substance circulates in the body in a free state. The catabolism of organic compounds of non-protein nature is based on their hydrolysis, while “waste” calcium pantothenate and its metabolites are excreted in the urine.

Vitamin B5 is sensitive to heat; heat treatment of foods rich in the beneficial compound leads to a loss of 50% of the substance. It is destroyed not only under the influence of dry heat (grill, oven), but also as a result of exposure to solutions of acids and alkalis that are used in food processing, for example, during canning and freezing.

It is important to remember that pantothenic acid is found in foods exclusively in protein form and is released with the help of enzymes.

Considering the fact that vitamin B5 and its derivatives interact with a large number of substances inside our body, it is impossible to list them completely. However, in order to be convinced of the significance of the connection, we will consider the most significant of them. These are acetylcholine, fats, fatty acids, histamine, hemoglobin, amino acids, carbohydrates.

Participating in the synthesis and metabolic processes of such a variety of substances, for the proper functioning of all systems and internal organs, it is important to ensure a regular supply of calcium pantothenate in sufficient quantities.

Let's look at why the body needs vitamin B5:

1. Activity of the adrenal glands. Scientists have proven that the cortex of these organs is the most efficient gland in humans, which is capable of producing hormones for six hours a day, but for this it needs significant reserves of calcium pantothenate in order to fight pathogenic microbes and increased psycho-emotional stress. First of all, , the acid is involved in the synthesis of hormones of the endocrine glands. At the formation stage, all glucocorticoids are associated with coenzyme A, and one way or another, their production in sufficient quantities is a reliable prevention of allergies, colitis, arthritis, and heart diseases. Vitamin B5 has an anti-inflammatory effect. Participating in the course of metabolic processes in the adrenal cortex, it synthesizes glucocorticoids, which “turn on” the body’s protective reaction in the event of the introduction of foreign microorganisms.
2. Synthesis of fatty acids. As you know, these monobasic carbonic substances are necessary for the connection of fats and normal brain function. As a result, vitamin B5 normalizes metabolism and activates human mental activity. As a side effect, fat deposition in the body is regulated. Therefore, pantothenic acid is an essential vitamin for weight loss and eliminating metabolic problems.
3. The work of the nervous system. Calcium pantothenate is involved in the synthesis of mediators, hormones, neurotransmitters, which ensure the proper development of the nervous system in children, adolescents, and adults. Daily intake of 5 milligrams of vitamin B5 prevents the onset of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia. One of the most important reactions occurring with the participation of pantothenic acid in the body human - the conversion of choline into acetylcholine, through which communication signals (impulses from the sensory organs) pass, which explains the high concentration of the beneficial compound in brain cells.
4. Maintaining immunity. Unlike and E, which fight free radicals, bacteria, viruses, activating the body’s protective function, the biological role of pantothenic acid is the synthesis of antibodies. B5 deficiency leads to a sharp decrease in the amount of immunoglobulins, as a result, a person becomes most vulnerable to harmful influence of pathogenic microorganisms from the outside.
5. Normalization of cholesterol metabolism. Calcium pantothenate inhibits the process of plaque clogging of arteries by regulating the synthesis of fatty acids. Thanks to this property, vitamin B5 is a natural “drug” that effectively fights atherosclerosis.
6. Energy production. Pantothenic acid triggers the process of lipolysis in the body - the release of triglycerides from fat cells and their subsequent burning. These procedures are accompanied by the production of additional energy, which is needed during intense physical activity and increased mental work.
7. Promotes rapid healing of wounds, tissue renewal, and restoration of the barrier properties of mucous membranes.
8. Relieves depressive disorders, forgetfulness, absent-mindedness, doubts.
9. Prevents side effects from antibiotics.
10. Reduces pain in rheumatoid arthritis.

In addition, pantothenic acid is needed to maintain healthy skin and hair. It prevents the formation of wrinkles, the premature appearance of age spots, and inhibits early gray hair. By participating in the synthesis of corticosteroids and hemoglobin, B5 has a positive effect on the fight against stress.

Calcium pantothenate is the only vitamin that can be absorbed through the skin; thanks to this property, the substance is used in the production of anti-burn medications and cosmetics.

Thus, it is extremely difficult to overestimate the positive properties of organic matter, since the slightest deficiency will immediately affect the functioning of almost all organs and systems.

Let's consider the sequence of manifestation of symptoms of pantothenic acid deficiency:

1. Fatigue, increased fatigue. The reason for the appearance of these reactions is that calcium pantothenate is consumed at the highest rate in the muscles, and the lack of the compound in the muscles leads to a decrease in the performance of the body as a whole.
2. Nervous disorders. First of all, hypovitaminosis leads to sleep disturbances. Further, as a result of chronic lack of sleep, the functioning of the central nervous system deteriorates, psycho-emotional stress occurs, burning in the toes, and depression develops.
3. Headaches, muscle pain. Athletes especially often experience muscle pain when they are deficient in B5. This phenomenon occurs as a result of metabolic disturbances, which lead to complete utilization of lactic acid. As a result, the athlete experiences muscle pain and feels tired, like after a hard marathon.
4. Deterioration of the condition of the skin (the appearance of dermatitis, seborrhea, eczema), hair loss, slower growth and brittleness of the nail plate.
5. Digestive disorders. In the first stages, the characteristic symptoms of pantothenic acid hypovitaminosis in the human body are lack of appetite and nausea; if the lack of an organic compound is not corrected, chronic indigestion of food, constant occurrence of diarrhea, constipation, peptic ulcer, gastritis and cholecystitis develop.
6. “Burning” attacks of pain in the legs at night (not cramps), accompanied by sharp redness of the skin in the area of ​​the feet.
7. Metabolic disorders that lead to hormonal imbalance in women. These problems are especially dangerous during menopause, as they can cause not only sudden changes in pressure, but also ataxia.
8. Slowing (rarely stopping) growth in adolescents, weight loss.
9. Exhaustion caused by indigestion and constant fatigue.
10. Weakening of the immune system, susceptibility to acute respiratory diseases.
11. Kidney dysfunction associated with improper production of various hormones. As a rule, problems with the urinary organs occur extremely rarely, in advanced stages of hypovitaminosis.
12. Diseases of the heart and blood vessels caused by impaired synthesis of glucocorticoids and cholesterol. Clogged arteries lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
13. Visual impairment (in some cases, blindness).

During World War II, “burning feet” syndrome was widespread among prisoners of war in Japanese camps, which resulted from severe disruption of a healthy diet. In addition, pantothenic acid deficiency in soldiers was accompanied by impaired mental activity, central scotoma, pallor of the optic nerves, and blurred vision. At the same time, the inclusion of 30 milligrams of a mixture of B vitamins in the diet eliminated these phenomena and relieved patients from glossitis, stomatitis, diseases of the cornea, sclera, and conjunctivitis.

In severe cases, the supplement size was increased to 80 milligrams per day.

Vitamin B5 is included in many foods (), therefore, with a properly formed diet, the human body, in most cases, receives the compound in sufficient quantities. However, calcium pantothenate hypovitaminosis can develop for other reasons.

Factors that cause B5 deficiency

Let's consider the reasons why the body begins to experience a deficiency of the substance:

1. Long-term use of sulfonamides and antibiotics. These drugs block the synthesis of active derivatives of vitamin B5. As a result, even with an abundance of pantothenic acid in food, the body may experience a deficiency of the compound.
2. Lack of fat in the daily menu. Taking proteins and triglycerides speeds up and facilitates the absorption of calcium pantothenate. Therefore, for men, women, and children who follow vegetarianism and a raw food diet, they should carefully approach the formation of their diet in order to prevent the compound from not being absorbed.
3. Lack of vitamins B1, B2, C, which are actively involved in the synthesis of pantheine and coenzyme-A.
4. Digestive disorders (deterioration of food absorption) - malabsorption syndrome. In case of development of this disease, food with a high content of useful organic compounds passes through the body in transit (non-absorption of nutrients from food).

Pantothenic acid deficiency leads to diseases of the blood, skin, nails, duodenal ulcers, and hypoglycemia.

Considering the fact that vitamin B5 is included in many products of plant and animal origin, deficiency of the compound in the human body is a rare phenomenon, which, in most cases, occurs due to an unbalanced diet or under the influence of factors that contribute to neutralization or non-absorption useful substance.

Hypervitaminosis B5 is more common. Excess of the compound is non-toxic to humans. A single injection of 500 milligrams of calcium pantothenate intravenously does not cause side effects from the body. In rare cases, dehydration, insomnia, agitation, increased heart rate, headache, and nausea are observed.

The body's need for pantothenic acid

The daily requirement of vitamin B5 for an adult is 10-15 milligrams, for pregnant women and lactating women - 15-20, for children: up to one year - 2 units, from 1 to 6 years - 4, from 6 to 10 years - 5, from 10 to 14 years – 7.

Additional intake of calcium pantothenate is prescribed in the following cases:

• for infectious diseases;
• consumption of low-calorie foods;
• in the postoperative period;
• during times of stress;
• people of retirement age (over 55 years old);
• for polyneuritis, neuralgia, bronchial asthma, disorders of the central nervous system, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• to improve the condition of nails, hair, skin;
• during the period of antibiotic use.

Only the attending physician can determine the required daily dose of the compound.

In case of progression of dermatological diseases, one of the fundamental treatment drugs is pantothenic acid, which is prescribed in a dose significantly higher than the daily norm for a healthy person (up to 1500 milligrams per day).

To combat acne, the dosage of B5 increases to an impressive amount - up to 10,000 units per day.

Sources of vitamin

Vitamin B5 is widely distributed in nature. The substance is synthesized by microorganisms, green plants: many bacteria, fungi, yeast. Although animal tissues cannot produce pantothenic acid, they do produce coenzyme A from it.

The largest amount of B5 is found in plant foods and offal.

What foods contain pantothenic acid?

Product name	B5 content in milligrams per 100 grams of product
Green peas, shelled	15,0
Baker's yeast	11,0
	6,8
Beef	6,4
Pork liver	5,8
Beef liver	4,0 – 9,0
Cod roe	3,6
Royal jelly of bees	3,6 – 26,5
Apples	3,5
Pork kidneys	3,0
Rice bran	3,0
Egg yolk	2,7 – 7,0
Powdered milk	2,7
Porcini	2,7
Buckwheat	2,6
Beef kidneys	2,5 – 4,0
Oats	2,5
Dried peas	2,5
Rice	2,0
Cattle heart	2,0 – 6,0
White wheat bread	1,8
Champignon	1,7 – 2,5
Peanut	1,7
Cod	1,6
Cocoa powder	1,5
Eggs	1,4 – 2,7
Avocado	1,4
Asparagus	1,4
Mackerel caviar	1,3
Rye	1,2
Wheat	1,2
Beans	1,2
Cashew	1,2
Pistachios	1,0
Sorghum	1,0
Barley	1,0
Flax seeds	0,99
Cauliflower	0,98
Herring	0,94
Rye bread	0,9
Dates	0,78
Salmon	0,66
Garlic	0,6
Kefir	0,6
Chicken	0,6
Cottage cheese	0,6
Broccoli	0,6
Corn	0,6
Dried apricots	0,52
Meat (lamb, veal, beef)	0,5 – 1,5
Pumpkin	0,5
Ham	0,5
Hard cheese	0,5
Figs	0,4
Yogurt	0,4
Potato	0,32 – 0,65
Carrot	0,3
Wheat flour	0,3
Milk	0,3
Grapefruit	0,3
Eggplant	0,3
bell pepper	0,3
Lemon	0,3
Cranberry	0,3
Strawberries	0,26
Banana	0,25
Orange	0,25
Sardines	0,21
Navaga	0,2
A pineapple	0,2
Beans	0,2
Beet	0,2
Fennel	0,2
Kiwi	0,2
Watermelon	0,2
Spinach	0,2
Halibut	0,15
Onion	0,13
Tomatoes	0,1 – 0,37
Strawberry	0,1
Raspberries	0,1
Mustard	0,1
Leek	0,1
Raisin	0,1
Plum	0,1

The main sources of pantothenic acid are peas, brewer's yeast, and royal jelly of bees. However, there are products that negatively affect the beneficial bacteria of the intestinal microflora (for example, carbonated drinks, canned food, chips), their intensive consumption leads to a decrease or complete cessation of the production of vitamin B5 in the human body.

When preparing food, it is important to remember that calcium pantothenate is destroyed by 50% when exposed to high temperatures (including canning), and by 30% when frozen.

During the cooking process, part of the substance passes into water. Therefore, foods rich in beneficial compounds should, if possible, be consumed raw or subjected to minimal heat treatment.

Currently, the clinical use of vitamin B5 is under study. Because of this, pantothenic acid has a limited scope. In medicine, a water-soluble nutrient is used in the form of a medicine that regulates the functioning of the nervous system and metabolic processes in the body. In addition, the vitamin is prescribed if there is a high risk of developing pantothenic deficiency.

Clinical use of the nutrient

1. Tuberculosis. Phthisiatricians, B. Ya. Stukalova and E. S. Stepanyan, experimentally established that, in the treatment of pulmonary pathology, vitamin B5 eliminates the toxic effects of antibiotics on the body. In view of this, the nutrient is used when side effects occur that limit the possibility of further continuation of therapy. One of them is severe vestibular disorder. However, it is worth considering that if chronic hypertension, “mild” allergies or kidney dysfunction occurs, using calcium pantothenate is ineffective.
2. Diseases of the digestive system. Since vitamin B5 is a participant in metabolic processes in the body, it is used as part of the complex treatment of certain liver diseases. However, research in this area is still ongoing. The results obtained by the gastroenterologist A.V. Frolkis indicate the beneficial effect of “calcium salt” on the functional state of the digestive tract. The doctor found that long-term intake of the nutrient causes a decrease in the secretory function of the stomach without increasing the acidity of the digestive juice. Along with this, B5 is used in the clinic for the treatment of stomach and duodenal ulcers.
3. Decurarization after anesthesia. Following surgery, there is a need for therapy aimed at stopping the action of muscle relaxants and eliminating intestinal atony. In the course of scientific research, doctors of medical sciences, Ya. M. Khmelevsky and V. A. Kovalev, revealed the anticurary properties of pantothenic acid. The experiment involved 30 people with heart disease after surgical anesthesia. For intravenous administration, the highest single dose of the vitamin was used - 500 - 700 milligrams. This portion of the substance removed residual curarization in 25 patients, and the remaining patients required additional administration of stronger analogues, in particular proserin. The results obtained allowed doctors to conclude that pantothenic acid is safer than the latter drug, but has a weaker anti-curaric effect. Therefore, it is advisable to use calcium pantothenate in the postoperative period for residual effects of anesthesia.
4. Skin pathologies. In dermatology, the drug is used to treat burns, anal fistulas, pruritus, itchy dermatosis, leg ulcers, purulent wounds, urticaria, light erythema, herpes zoster, allergic rhinitis, sweating of the extremities, and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. The combined use of pantothenic acid (50 - 100 milligrams per day), organic vitamin C (2 - 4 grams per day) and steroid drugs leads to an improvement in the clinical course of lupus erythematosus and acceleration of the formation of granulation tissue. Considering that vitamin B5 regulates the functioning of the sebaceous glands, It is used in cosmetology for seborrheic baldness of the head, excessive formation of dandruff and acne of the face and body. Taking 100 milligrams of the nutrient per day (for hair and acne) helps normalize the production of skin secretions, as a result of which the skin acquires an even shade, and curls become strong, elastic and shiny. Calcium pantothenate is used orally and parenterally in the form of tablets or an aqueous solution for injection.

Today, the spectrum of use of the vitamin in pharmacological doses (for children - 30 milligrams per day, for adults - 50 - 100 milligrams) includes new nosologies. Recent studies confirm that B5 pantothenates, administered to patients with autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, reduce swelling of articular cartilage and reduce immunological indicators of the activity of the process. In addition, in case of deterministic non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the nutrient exhibits a hypolipidemic effect, since it inhibits the biosynthesis of low-density lipoproteins in the liver.

Professor R. Williams, who discovered this vitamin, claims that the daily requirement for a pregnant woman is at least 50 milligrams per day. This dosage, according to the doctor, halves the number of miscarriages and intrauterine defects.

In clinical practice, therapeutic doses of pantothenic acid (200 - 500 milligrams) are used during a protracted illness, epilepsy, complications after encephalitis, hyperkinesis (tic, tremor, parkinsonism, myoclonus), emotional or physical overload.

Calcium pantothenate, due to the lack of cumulative properties, is easily excreted in urine, so overdose occurs extremely rarely.

Vitamin B5 is an essential nutrient for bodybuilding. It is involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones, the utilization of lactic acid in muscles, and also regulates muscle recovery processes.

Research conducted by doctor Yu. Bulanov indicates the powerful anabolic effect of pantothenic acid. Under the influence of taking therapeutic doses of the substance (1 - 3 grams), athletes increased muscle strength and began to gain muscle mass. Moreover, in some cases, the effect of using vitamin B5 exceeded the result of using anabolic steroids.

Interestingly, at the beginning of taking “calcium salt”, a kind of discomfort occurs in the muscles, caused by the activation of acetylcholine synthesis. This inconvenience is a short-term phenomenon, since the tone of the parasympathetic part of the nervous system independently increases only up to a certain point. After this, the enslavement disappears. Subsequently, excitation of the autonomic nervous system (parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions) increases simultaneously and in a balanced manner. In view of this, the tolerance to high temperatures increases, the heart rate slows down, as a result of which the performance and volume of training loads double.

The increase in muscle relief, while taking pantothenic acid, occurs without increasing the consumption of protein foods. This phenomenon occurs due to slowing down the breakdown of protein structures (anti-catabolic effect). Along with this, the vitamin strengthens the nervous system, maintaining the effect after stopping its use.

In bodybuilding, resistance to stress is of paramount importance, since initially the nerve center gets tired, and then the muscle, as a result of which the athlete’s performance decreases. Therefore, it is advisable to take calcium pantothenate during competitions and intense training loads.

The optimal source of vitamin B5 is the drug “Pantegam”, which has anti-stress, anticonvulsant and sedative effects.

In case of increased anxiety, it is used simultaneously with the nutrient (in equal proportions).

In addition to bodybuilding, it is advisable to use pantothenic acid to increase endurance in aerobic and strength sports (marathon running, powerlifting, bodybuilding).

Drugs

Given the fact that calcium pantothenate deficiency is extremely rare, clear symptoms of a deficiency of the substance occur only in people who follow a special diet for a long time (for scientific purposes). However, during pregnancy, professional sports and serious illnesses, you cannot do without additional vitamin intake. In clinical practice, in 70% of cases, drugs containing a-pantothenic acid in the form of calcium salt (Ca panthetonate) are used. This vitamin is available in tablets (10 milligrams) and ampoules (20% solution).

Indications for use of the substance:

• allergic reactions (hay fever, dermatitis, eczema);
• toxicosis in pregnant women;
• pulmonary pathologies (bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis);
• hyperthyroidism;
• paresthesia, neuralgia, polyneuritis, depression;
• non-infectious diseases of the digestive tract (pancreatitis, colitis, gastroduodenitis, ulcers, hypomotor intestinal dyskinesia);
• circulatory failure;
• bronchial asthma;
• trophic ulcers, burns;
• alcoholism;
• gluten pathologies;
• thrush;
• acne;
• autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
• cystitis;
• seborrhea, baldness;
• conjunctevitis;
• withdrawal syndrome (teenage drug addiction and alcoholism).

In pharmacotherapy, along with classical pantothenate, analogues containing d-homopantothenic acid are used. One such drug is pantegam. The range of its pharmacological properties differs significantly from the previous substance, since in the calcium salt molecule γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) replaces β-alanine.

Instructions for use of the medicine

When Pantogam enters the body, it loses calcium ions, turning into homo-pantothenic acid, a natural homologue of vitamin B5. The drug has a pronounced nootropic and anticonvulsant effect, potentiating the hypnotic effect of barbiturates. In addition, the vitamin stimulates anabolic processes in nerve cells, increases the brain’s resistance to the effects of toxic substances and hypoxia, combines a mild stimulating effect with a moderate sedative effect, activates physical and mental performance, reduces motor excitability, improves GABA metabolism in chronic alcoholism and after ethanol withdrawal .

Indications for use (in complex therapy):

• cognitive impairment in neurotic disorders and brain lesions (including the consequences of traumatic brain injury and neuroinfections);
• extrapyramidal disorders in people with hereditary pathologies of the nervous system (myoclonus epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, hepatolenticular degeneration, Huntington's chorea);
• cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by blockage of blood vessels in the brain;
• extrapyramidal neuroleptic syndrome (akinetic and hyperkinetic);
• senile dementia (initial stage);
• schizophrenia with cerebral insufficiency (together with antidepressants and antipsychotics);
• residual organic brain lesions;
• epilepsy with slow mental processes (in combination with anticonvulsants);
• cerebral palsy;
• neurogenic urinary disorders (urgency, enuresis, pollakiuria);
• perinatal encephalopathy in children (from the first days of life);
• mental retardation of various etiologies;
• psycho-emotional overload;
• neurosis-like conditions (stuttering, tremor, tic, encopresis, enuresis);
• delayed mental development in children (speech disorders, motor functions, development of school skills - writing, reading, counting);
• inflammation of the facial nerve.

Pantogam is taken orally 15 to 20 minutes after meals. The daily dosage for adults is 1.5 - 3 grams, for children - 0.75 - 3 grams. The course of therapy is 1 – 5 months, after six months the therapy can be repeated.

Contraindications:

• pregnancy;
• phenylketonuria (since the syrup contains aspartame);
• severe kidney disease (in the acute phase);
• hypersensitivity;
• breastfeeding period;
• children under 3 years of age;
• hemophilia.

Remember, Pantogam should only be used in medicinal doses under the supervision of a physician.

Dexpanthenol is a synthetic derivative of vitamin B5 used for external use. In the molecular lattice of a compound, an alcohol group replaces an acidic one. Since dexpanthenol, when ingested, is converted into pantothenic acid, their vitamin activity is comparable.

This compound, as part of coenzyme A, takes part in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the formation of porphyrins, acetylcholine and corticosteroids.

The main advantage of the ointment is good penetration into the deep layers of the dermis and blood flow. Pantothenic acid, by stimulating the movement of epithelial cells and enhancing proliferative activity, increases the density of collagen fibers, accelerates granulation and epithelization of the wound defect, reduces itching, inflammation, irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. Thanks to this, dexpanthenol has a regenerating, dermatoprotective and moderate anti-inflammatory effect.

The drug is used to moisturize the stratum corneum of the dermis, reduce transepidermal moisture loss, maintain the elasticity of connective tissue, and protect the body from exposure to UV rays. In addition, the “vitamin” improves the functional condition of the scalp, as it prevents the formation of dandruff, reduces hair loss and protects it from negative environmental factors. Due to these properties, dexpanthenol is successfully used in the creation of cosmetics: masks, shampoos, creams, balms, styling sprays, mousses, sunscreen emulsions.

Today, on the European market, there are 3 monocomponent and 2 combined dexpanthenol preparations:

• Pantexol Yadran (Yadran);
• Bepanten (Bayer);
• Panthenol-ratiopharm (Ratiopharm);
• Panthevenol (Borshchagovsky Chemical Plant);
• Pantestin-Darnitsa (Darnitsa).

These medications are available in the form of ointment, cream, gel and spray.

In medicine, panthenol emulsion is included in a set of measures aimed at eliminating dermatological diseases.

Scope of application in clinical practice:

• trophic ulcers and bedsores in the regeneration phase;
• granulating burn wounds;
• corneal erosions, keratitis;
• preparation of painful ulcers for autodermoplasty and the post-rehabilitation period (to improve the engraftment of skin grafts);
• sunburn;
• prevention of radiation damage to the skin and mucous membranes (against cancer cells);
• eczema, neurodermatitis;
• abrasions, scratches, cuts;
• diaper rash in children, diaper dermatitis (in pediatrics);
• cracks and irritation of the nipples (during lactation);
• cervical erosion, anal fissures, damage to the vaginal mucosa.

In addition to topical preparations, systemic dexopanthenol, developed by the Czech company Dr. Muller Pharma. This drug is produced in capsules, which helps expand the pharmacodynamics, and as a result, increase the possibilities of therapeutic use of the substance.

Czech panthenol, unlike analogues used as reparants, has antiallergic, neurotropic, antitoxic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, the “vitamin” lowers blood pressure, improves myocardial contractility and intestinal motility, and stimulates carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism.

Interaction of calcium pantothenate with other substances

Since pantothenic acid plays a key role in nutrient metabolism, it is important that the nutrient entering the human body is fully absorbed. To do this, before using it, you should carefully study the scale of compatibility of the substance with other elements:

1. Full absorption of vitamin B5 occurs only in the presence of thiamine and.
2. Calcium pantothenate enhances the pharmacological properties of cardiac glycosides.
3. The combined use of pantothenic acid and anti-tuberculosis drugs leads to a weakening of the side effects of the latter substances.
4. Vitamin B5 facilitates the absorption of choline, folic acid and potassium.
5. Antibiotics and sulfonamides interfere with the endogenous synthesis of calcium pantothenate.
6. Caffeine, barbiturates and alcohol reduce the concentration of the vitamin in the body by half.
7. Simultaneous intake of calcium pantothenate, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, cholcalciferol and vitamin B9 leads to a mutual enhancement of the effects of nutrients.
8. Copper reduces the pharmacological properties of pantothenic acid.
9. Oral contraceptives destroy the nutrient found in the body.
10. Taking pantothenic acid and proteolytic enzymes (which destroy protein) leads to the “death” of the calcium salt.
11. When diuretics (diuretics) and vitamin B5 are combined, the latter substance is rapidly removed from the body.
12. Calcium pantothenate potentiates the effect of drugs that improve intestinal motility.
13. Iron and manganese inhibit nutrient absorption.

Taking these nuances into account, you can easily create the “correct” treatment regimen that will help alleviate the clinical course of the disease, improve the functional state of the affected organs and maintain the immune status of the body. If you have severe pathologies, it is important to first consult with your doctor to determine the dosage of vitamin B5 before taking the nutrient.

Thus, vitamin B5 is the most important component of coenzyme A, which is involved in the processes of acetylation, oxidation, restoration of cellular tissues, and metabolism of biofuel.

Maintaining the optimal amount of pantothenic acid in the body is possible only if you maintain a healthy lifestyle. A careless attitude to nutrition, an unbalanced diet leads to a systematic lack of vitamin B5: neither from the intestinal flora, nor from food.

As a consequence, hypovitaminosis of the compound occurs with the ensuing consequences.

Playing an important role in the metabolism of amino acids, proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as the production of energy by cells.

The dosage form of pantothenic acid is “”.

Pantothenic acid gets its name from the Greek word “pantothene”, which means “everywhere”. This name is characteristic, because Pantothenic acid really does apply everywhere.

In addition to the participation of vitamin B5 in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, it also takes part in the processes of acetylation and oxidation, as well as vital fatty acids, acetylcholine, histamine, hemoglobin and cholesterol. Scientists have found that pantothenic acid can prolong life by several years, it helps fight skin diseases and gray hair.

Pantothenic acid consists of amino acid residues β-alanine and pantoic acid, and when entering the body, it is converted into pantethine, which is part of coenzyme A. It is excreted from the body through the kidneys, mainly in the form of free pantothenic acid.

Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that is sensitive to heat, therefore, when it is heat treated, almost 50% of it is lost. In addition, it is destroyed during freezing and canning.

Systematic name:
Chemical formula: C9H17NO5.
CAS: 599-54-2

Functions of Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

Pantothenic acid has a number of beneficial properties:

- prolongs life;
- helps in hair growth;
- helps in the production of energy by cells;
- maintains skin health and also helps in the treatment of skin diseases;
- participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates;
- plays an important role in the synthesis of acetylcholine, porphyrins, corticosteroids and adrenal hormones;
- regulates intestinal function;
- regulates the functioning of the nervous system;
— accelerates the healing process of wounds;
- supports normal functioning of mucous membranes;
- helps in the fight against diseases such as acne and heart disease;
- helps the body absorb others;
- plays an important role in the formation of antibodies.

Vitamin B5 deficiency can cause:

— metabolic disorders;
- and other skin diseases;
- sagging skin;
- cessation of growth;
- involuntary abortions in the early stages (miscarriages);
- pigment spots on the skin;
- ulcers;
- hypoglycemia;
- blood diseases;
- tingling and numbness in the arms and legs;
- severe pain in the lower extremities, especially at night;
- trophic disorders;
- discoloration of the eyes;
- baldness;
- exhaustion of the body, fatigue;
— dysfunction of the adrenal glands and nervous system;
— , ;
— ;
- And ;
- movement coordination disorder;
— disturbances in the functioning of the heart, stomach, intestines and kidneys;
- weakening of the immune system.

Vitamin B5 deficiency in the body is caused in most cases by low consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as foods rich in proteins, fats, and B vitamins. Moreover, its deficiency can provoke long-term use of many antibiotics and sulfonamides and diseases of the small intestine with malabsorption syndrome.

Daily requirement of vitamin B5

— adults: 0.4-0.8 g;
- children: 0.1-0.4 g.

Additional intake of pantothenic acid is necessary for:

- heavy physical work or sports;
— ;
— rehabilitation in the postoperative period;
- severe infectious diseases;
— ;
- other diseases and cases in which a doctor may prescribe pantothenic acid.

Additional intake of pantothenic acid is indicated:

- people over 55 years of age;
- with increased physical activity;
- with prolonged stress, depression;
- when consuming in most cases non-natural food (semi-finished products, etc.);

The medical form of vitamin B5 - Calcium pantothenate is used for:

— treatment of skin diseases: , ;
- burns;
— ;
- pregnant and lactating women;
- people;
— chronic liver diseases;
- trophic ulcers;
- circulatory failure;
— gastrointestinal diseases of non-infectious nature;
— pathological conditions associated with metabolic disorders;
- diseases such as: (acne), neuralgia, paresthesia, sprue, chronic pancreatitis, tuberculosis, celiac disease.

Dosages for using calcium pantothenate

Calcium pantothenate reduces the toxic effect on the body of some anti-inflammatory medications, for example, Streptomycin.

Vitamin B5 increases the effectiveness of cardiac glycosides.

The effectiveness of the beneficial effects of pantothenic acid on the body, especially on metabolism, increases.

Numerous studies in the field of vitamin therapy have proven the enormous benefits of pantothenic acid. Moreover, the effectiveness of vitamin B5 is directly related to its beneficial properties and affects the activity of literally all body systems.

Vitamin B5 is needed for:

1. Formation of an adequate immune response of the body to any external agent, be it viruses, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic microflora. Thanks to pantothenic acid, a sufficient amount of antibodies is formed in the body, which ensures rapid convalescence (recovery) in case of acute pathology.
2. Normalizes hormonal levels, as it is an active participant in the production of adrenal hormones and glucocorticoids.
3. Improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, because it is involved in metabolic processes at the cellular level.
4. Normalizes the activity of the nervous system, because vitamin B5 helps strengthen the nerve fiber and reduce its sensitivity to painful stimuli.
5. Reversing skin problems. Vitamin B5 is the only one that is absorbed through the skin, and therefore is actively used to treat burns and other skin problems (including in cosmetology).
6. Improving the functioning of all organs and systems. This is due to the fact that pantothenic acid synthesizes growth hormones, being a component of coenzyme A. It also contributes to the formation of sex hormones, high-density lipoproteins, and hemoglobin.
7. Helps reduce sensitization (susceptibility to allergic reactions) of the body, as it participates in the production of histamine.

Harm from pantothenic acid can occur in case of its uncontrolled use and overdose. The daily requirement of vitamin B5 for an adult is 10 - 20 mg. Exceeding the daily requirement is not permissible, however, in cases of increased psycho-emotional and physical stress, pregnancy, breastfeeding, age over 55 years, chronic somatic diseases, it is possible to increase the dosage after prior consultation on this issue with the attending physician.

An overdose of pantothenic acid manifests itself in diarrhea (loose stools) and water retention, and, consequently, the occurrence of edema of various localizations. If such symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Attention! Uncontrolled intake of pantothenic acid causes harm to the body.

Pantothenic acid deficiency

Despite the significant benefits of Vitamin B5 in the body, pantothenic acid tablets should only be used when there is an immediate indication for it. Therefore, before including this drug in your diet, you should definitely consult with your doctor.

Due to the fact that pantothenic acid is naturally found in almost all food products, it is necessary to develop a rational, balanced feeding that will ensure the consumption of a daily dose of this vitamin. It is important to consume foods such as bran, sunflower seeds, cheese, eggs, walnuts, brewer's yeast, royal jelly, greens, where vitamin B5 is found in large quantities.

But if, despite a varied diet, there is still a deficiency of this vitamin in the body, which manifests itself in metabolic disorders, you need to seek medical help to select an individual treatment regimen.

Whether there is a deficiency of pantothenic acid in the body can be judged by the presence of the following signs:

• chronic fatigue syndrome and increased fatigue;
• emotional manifestations in the form of depression, apathy;
• frequent migraines and insomnia;
• nausea in the morning, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, colitis, problems with the small intestine (up to duodenal ulcer);
• muscle pain and numbness, paresthesia in the lower extremities;
• problems with the reproductive system;
• dermatitis of unknown etiology, eczema;
• autoimmune diseases;
• a decrease in the body’s immune forces, and, as a result, frequent colds.

Attention! Pantothenic acid is destroyed and loses its beneficial properties during heat treatment of food. Also, vitamin B5 does not like the effects of vinegar, citric and malic acid, which reduce the concentration of the anti-stress substance in it.

Indications for use of pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid comes in 3 forms: water-soluble powder, tablets and injections. The method of application and dosage, which ranges from 4 to 7 grams per day, are selected by the attending physician. Of all the forms of release of the medicinal substance, the most frequently used are water-soluble powder and vitamin B5 in tablets.

Indications for use:

• allergic reactions of various origins;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including colitis;
• diseases of the nervous system, accompanied by low stress resistance, apathy and depressive states;
• migraines, sleep disorders;
• various metabolic failures;
• skin and pustular diseases, including acne;
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system, accompanied by paresthesia, numbness, muscle pain, arthritis and arthrosis;
• colds of varying severity;
• increased fatigue, periods of increased psycho-emotional and physical stress.

There are no contraindications to the use of pantothenic acid, except for individual intolerance to the drug, manifested in the form of an allergic reaction or the appearance of side effects, which include the development of dyspeptic disorders in the form of nausea, heartburn or vomiting. Canceling the drug in this case will eliminate the above symptoms.

When treating infectious and gastrointestinal diseases, as well as during stress and heavy physical activity, doctors recommend taking pantothenic acid. What it is? The substance is otherwise called vitamin B5. An adult needs to consume 11-15 mg of this element per day. Pantothenic acid is necessary for the body for proper metabolism and functioning of the immune system, to restore the structure and function of cells. A deficiency of this substance affects human health and well-being.

Why is vitamin B5 necessary?

Vitamin B5 in its free form is a yellowish liquid with a viscous consistency. Pantothenic acid enters the body with food. Large amounts of this element are found in meat, liver, fish, eggs and vegetables. It is absorbed in the digestive organs and then enters the blood. In addition, the vitamin can be synthesized in the human body. Pantothenic acid is produced in intestinal cells. For this reason, vitamin B5 deficiency is rare.

Pantothenic acid plays an important role in the body. It performs the following functions:

1. Helps the adrenal glands produce hormones that strengthen the immune system and reduce inflammation.
2. Promotes the formation of fatty acids and antibodies. This allows you to protect the central nervous system from harmful substances.
3. Restores the structure and function of cells, which reduces the undesirable effects of medications.
4. Doctors have discovered that pantothenic acid is involved in the formation of neurotransmitters. What it is? Neurotransmitters are substances that help transmit impulses from neurons to the brain. Therefore, with a lack of vitamin B5, the central nervous system suffers, which manifests itself in deterioration of memory and sense of smell.
5. The vitamin normalizes fat and water metabolism. We can say that this substance prevents excess weight.
6. The acid improves the condition of hair, nails and skin, prevents the formation of wrinkles and early graying. For this reason, the substance is used in cosmetology.
7. The vitamin helps increase hemoglobin levels and protects against anemia.
8. Improves the functioning of the digestive and cardiovascular systems.

In addition, pantothenic acid helps the absorption of other vitamins and nutrients that enter the body with food.

Signs of deficiency and excess of vitamin B5

Vitamin B5 deficiency is very rare, since the body can independently produce this substance. Most often, pantothenic acid deficiency appears due to diseases of the digestive system or due to long-term use of antibiotics and sulfonamide drugs. Intestinal pathologies disrupt the formation of the vitamin in the body, and constant use of antibacterial drugs impairs the absorption of this substance. Pantothenic acid deficiency also occurs due to poor nutrition, when a person does not consume enough protein and fat. Proteins and lipids promote the absorption of vitamins.

Some people need increased amounts of pantothenic acid. These include those who are actively involved in sports or heavy physical work, pregnant women and nursing mothers. They need additional medications with this substance, otherwise vitamin deficiency may occur.

With a deficiency of pantothenic acid, the following symptoms are observed:

• insomnia;
• depression, apathy;
• pain in muscles and head;
• fatigue;
• rashes and spots on the skin, peeling;
• hair fragility, seborrhea;
• nausea;
• poor appetite;
• sudden weight loss due to hormonal imbalance;
• disturbances of smell and vision;
• frequent colds due to decreased immunity;
• progression of heart and vascular diseases due to dysfunction of the adrenal glands.

Pantothenic acid hypervitaminosis is very rare. What it is? This condition is characterized by an excess of vitamin B5. With large consumption of this substance with food, hypervitaminosis cannot occur. Pantothenic acid does not accumulate. Excessive content of this element is usually observed with an overdose of preparations with the vitamin. Patients complain of rapid heartbeat, nausea and insomnia.

Types of drugs

Drugs containing pantothenic acid include the following types of drugs:

1. "Calcium pantothenate". This medication is available in the form of tablets and solution for injection. Its active ingredient is the calcium salt of pantothenic acid.
2. "Dexpanthenol". The drug is a derivative of vitamin B5. Available in ampoules for injections and application to the skin and hair and as an ointment.
3. "Pantomycin". This is an antibacterial drug containing dihydrostreptomycin pantothenate. It is used in the treatment of infectious diseases.
4. "Pantogam". The medicine is a calcium salt of d-homopantothenic acid. Available in tablet form, it is used as a nootropic drug to improve memory and treat diseases of the central nervous system.

Pantothenic acid is part of many multivitamin complexes, such as Vitrum, Duovit, Multivit and others. It is also an active component of ointments used to treat skin lesions: “Panthenol”, “Bepanten”, “Pantexol”, “Pantestin”.

In medicine, calcium pantothenate is most often used to treat pantothenic acid deficiency and conditions requiring increased amounts of vitamin B5.

Indications for use

There are many indications for the use of pantothenic acid. It is used in the treatment of the following diseases:

• pathologies of the respiratory system (bronchitis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, ARVI);
• diseases of the central nervous system;
• inflammatory and ulcerative processes in the digestive organs (not associated with infection);
• cerebrovascular accidents;
• bronchial asthma;
• toxicosis and threat of miscarriage in pregnant women;
• seborrhea, acne and other diseases of the hair and skin;
• gluten intolerance (celiac disease);
• allergies;
• inflammatory processes.

Vitamin B5 is also used for cosmetic purposes. It is part of therapeutic masks for acne, seborrhea, and early wrinkles. Pantothenic acid is found in hair formulations that help prevent graying, fading, and dandruff.

Contraindications

The instructions for use of pantothenic acid warn of contraindications to the use of this product. Such drugs should not be used if there is an exacerbation of kidney disease or an allergy to the vitamin. Acid is not prescribed to children under 3 years of age. As for pregnant women and nursing mothers, they often need increased amounts of the vitamin. But the use of these drugs is not always possible during pregnancy and lactation. They can be used only as prescribed by the treating obstetrician-gynecologist.

Undesirable effects

Side effects of drugs containing vitamin B5 are rare. If the recommended dose is exceeded, nausea and diarrhea may occur. If pantothenic acid is used in ampoules, pain and redness sometimes occurs at the injection site. Allergic reactions occur in patients with hypersensitivity to the vitamin. With a large amount of the administered drug, hypervitaminosis may develop.

How to use the drugs?

Adults are prescribed pantothenic acid in tablets at 0.1-0.2 g. The drug is taken 2-4 times a day. Tablets are taken half an hour before meals or an hour and a half after meals. For children, the dose is prescribed depending on age, from 0.005 to 0.2 g.

If the drug is used in ampoules, it is administered as injections, intramuscularly or intravenously. Sometimes they give you IVs with vitamins. Usually the medicine is administered twice a day. The injection may be somewhat painful.

The medicine in the form of an ointment is used 4-6 times a day, it is applied in a thin layer to the affected area.

Interaction with other drugs and food

Potentiation of some medications with pantothenic acid is possible. What it is? Vitamin B5 may enhance the effects of medications. It increases the effectiveness of medications intended to treat gastrointestinal diseases and other vitamin preparations. At the same time, it reduces the effectiveness of tuberculosis drugs while eliminating their possible side effects. The use of certain antibacterial drugs may reduce the effect of vitamin B6. It is also not recommended to take medications containing copper together with pantothenic acid. These medications weaken the effect of vitamins.

During treatment with pantothenic acid, diuretics should be avoided. This will help remove the vitamin from the body. Coffee, spirits and alcoholic beverages are also washed away from the drug.

special instructions

Taking pantothenic acid should be discussed with your doctor. Vitamin B5 preparations should not be taken on their own. Only a specialist can select the right dosage.

If the patient simultaneously takes cardiac glycosides, then the administration of vitamin B5 will increase the effectiveness of therapy, since pantothenic acid improves the energy supply of the heart muscle and promotes its contractile function.

Price of drugs

The price of pantothenic acid in pharmacies depends on the type of drug and its release form. "Calcium pantothenate" produced by "Akrikhin KhFK" costs 250-270 rubles. The medicine "Pantothenic acid" from foreign pharmaceutical companies can have a price from 800 to 1000 rubles. "Dexpanthenol" in ampoules costs 120-150 rubles.

The price of pantothenic acid in the form of topical products (ointments, creams) is from 150 to 500 rubles, and vitamin-mineral complexes (Vitrum, Duovit) are from 250 to 500 rubles. The nootropic drug "Pantogam" costs from 560 to 930 rubles.

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