There is a green oak near the Lukomorye;
Golden chain on the oak tree:
Day and night the cat is a scientist
Everything goes round and round in a chain;
He goes to the right - the song starts,
To the left - he tells a fairy tale.
There are miracles there: a goblin wanders there,
The mermaid sits on the branches;
There on unknown paths
Traces of unseen beasts;
There's a hut there on chicken legs
It stands without windows, without doors;
There the forest and valley are full of visions;
There the waves will rush in at dawn
The beach is sandy and empty,
And thirty beautiful knights
From time to time clear waters emerge,
And their sea uncle is with them;
The prince is there in passing
Captivates the formidable king;
There in the clouds in front of the people
Through the forests, across the seas
The sorcerer carries the hero;
In the dungeon there the princess is grieving,
And the brown wolf serves her faithfully;
There is a stupa with Baba Yaga
She walks and wanders by herself,
There, King Kashchei is wasting away over gold;
There is a Russian spirit there... it smells like Russia!
And there I was, and I drank honey;
I saw a green oak by the sea;
The scientist cat sat under him
He told me his fairy tales.
Pushkin’s poem by the Lukomorye Green Oak was conceived as an introduction to the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” work on which he began in 1817, while still a young lyceum student. The first release of the literary brainchild was presented without stanzas about the learned cat. The idea about it came to Alexander Sergeevich a little later. Only in 1828, when the poem was published in a new edition, the reader became acquainted with the unusual poetic introduction. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter, closer to astronomical. At that time, this style of writing was inherent in poetic forms.
Thoughts about fairy-tale characters and the magic oak tree did not come to the author by chance. His nanny Arina Rodionovna knew a huge number of fairy tales, which she shared with her pupil. He heard something similar from her.
35 magical lines still attract literary critics and researchers of Pushkin’s heritage. They are trying to solve the mystery of whether a land called Lukomorye really existed. Some have concluded that such areas actually existed on maps Western Europe in the 16th century. This was an area in Siberia, on one side of the Ob River. Pushkin was always attracted by history. In his works, ancient names of cities and villages are often mentioned. It reminds contemporaries that our roots go back to the distant past and should not be forgotten.
Literary analysis of the poem “Near Lukomorye there is a green oak tree...”
I started my work on the project by deciding to carry out literary analysis the poem “Near Lukomorye there is a green oak tree...” - an excerpt from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, which everyone knows from childhood. Reading these lines, you involuntarily imagine yourself in the world of fairy tales, in the world of fairy-tale characters.
“Near Lukomorye there is a green oak tree...” this is how the story begins, during which a sea bay is imagined, on the shore there is a hundred-year-old oak tree, surrounded by a golden chain. A “scientist cat” walks along the chain and “starts a song.” The first stanza is small, but very significant, because it, like a gate, opens the entrance to the fairy-tale world of the poem. The reader longs for a continuation, he is interested in finding out what extraordinary heroes live in this fairy-tale country.
Miracles... What is a fairy tale without miracles? Leshy, mermaid, unprecedented animals...
The second stanza tells us about the miracles that await on the “unknown paths.” Why was the author probably mistaken about “unknowns”? How can the paths be unknown? But this is a fairy tale! The paths may lead to an unknown destination, or they may simply be unfamiliar to the reader, since he first came across them. Traces of “unseen animals” await us, that is, which we have never seen. The adventure begins from the moment you meet a hut on chicken legs, which stands without windows and without doors. Who lives in this mysterious hut? Of course, Baba Yaga. How does she get into the hut? The answer is simple: with the help of magic, so she doesn’t need any windows or doors.
In the third stanza, the author paints before us the beauty of Russian nature, talking about the forest, about the valley and that they are full of “visions.” Maybe they were talking about views - landscapes. What are these visions? Visions, which means we haven’t seen them, didn’t know them, and, having found ourselves in this fairy tale, we can find out how many interesting things await us along the way.
Dawn, sea surf, waves running onto an empty shore - all this is just the beginning. And then, one after another, thirty beautiful knights emerge from the waters, and with them their commander in heavy armor with a spear in his hands. Why did they appear? What are they protecting? These warriors defend their homeland even in a fairy tale! The Russian land was always attacked by an enemy who wanted to exterminate the Orthodox people and conquer Rus'. This brave army protects the fairy tale from uninvited guests.
In the fourth stanza, events unfold rapidly. To Russian folk tale both the evil king and the all-powerful sorcerer encroach. The king's son, who is fighting the evil king, and a real hero who holds the sorcerer and does not allow him to do evil in front of the people, comes to our aid. Then we find ourselves in the princess’s dungeon. It can be assumed that they want to force her to marry someone she doesn’t love. But the princess is firm in her decision, and serves her faithfully Gray wolf, carries out all orders. Then an unknown path leads us to Baba Yaga. Hunchbacked, with a long nose, in rags, she moves her hands over her stupa, pronouncing a spell. Her stupa “goes and wanders by itself” and leads us to Koshchei the Immortal. Thin, pale with a greenish tint to his face, he bent over his chest of wealth and raked it with shaking hands, fearing that someone might take it away. This will be the end for him, because I think that Koschey will then lose the meaning of his life.
What is the meaning of the life of a Russian person? What is the mystery of the Russian spirit? The ringing of bells, the smell of a stove in the village, a trio of horses running along a snowy road, big family at the table - all this is the history, tradition, culture of the Russian people, which the author so carefully conveyed in his poem. Russian spirit!
The great storyteller Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, when starting to write his poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” most likely did not suspect that even small children would read its first lines about the magical “Lukomorye” with pleasure. “By the seaside there is a green oak tree, a golden chain on that oak tree,” you read, and before your eyes there appears the image of a majestic hundred-year-old oak tree with spreading branches bound in a chain. And walks through them fairy cat, and purrs his fairy tales, in which beloved children and adults participate fairy-tale heroes- Baba Yaga, Koschey the Immortal, the sorcerer and the talking wolf, and other wonderful characters. And most importantly, the poem is imbued with love for the homeland and pride in the fact that the author, A. Pushkin, was born and lives in Rus'. Let's dive into the fabulous Lukomorie together with Pushkin!
A.S. Pushkin
There is a green oak near the Lukomorye
From the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
There is a green oak near the Lukomorye;
Golden chain on the oak tree:
Day and night the cat is a scientist
Everything goes round and round in a chain;
He goes to the right - the song starts,
To the left - he tells a fairy tale.
There are miracles there: a goblin wanders there,
The mermaid sits on the branches;
There on unknown paths
Traces of unseen beasts;
There's a hut there on chicken legs
It stands without windows, without doors;
There the forest and valley are full of visions;
There the waves will rush in at dawn
The beach is sandy and empty,
And thirty beautiful knights
From time to time clear waters emerge,
And their sea uncle is with them;
The prince is there in passing
Captivates the formidable king;
There in the clouds in front of the people
Through the forests, across the seas
The sorcerer carries the hero;
In the dungeon there the princess is grieving,
And the brown wolf serves her faithfully;
There is a stupa with Baba Yaga
She walks and wanders by herself,
There, King Kashchei is wasting away over gold;
There's a Russian spirit... it smells like Russia!
And there I was, and I drank honey;
I saw a green oak by the sea;
The scientist cat sat under him
He told me his fairy tales.
Gennady, meanwhile, this is not a mistake. 🙂
Four years earlier, in 1824, the poet wrote three lines with the same epithet:
Ivan Tsarevich through the forests
And through the fields and mountains
I once chased a brown wolf
(II, 473, 995)
Here is what S.A. writes about this. Racer - literary critic and bibliographer
A simple everyday observation, an appeal to a fairy tale, a fable, an epic, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” indicate that the wolf is always gray. “Brown” is invariably explained in dictionaries as “dark brown with a grayish or reddish tint”1 or as “dark reddish”,2 which would seem completely unnatural for a wolf.
From the point of view of ordinary word usage, we have before us an error or typo that almost needs editorial correction. But the double, chronologically close use of the word “brown” in the same context excludes a typo and, confirming the stability of this epithet, forces us to look for an explanation for it.3
Folklore naturally suggests itself as a source, and first of all, what Pushkin could have heard from Arina Rodionovna.
Since the publication of P. V. Annenkov (Pushkin’s Works; St. Petersburg, 1855, vol. I, p. 438), Pushkin’s notes in prose of fairy tales told by Arina Rodionovna are known.4 In one of them, by the way, we read: “What a miracle , says the stepmother, this is a miracle: by the sea of Lukomorye, there is an oak tree, and on that
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there are golden chains on the oak tree and a cat walks along those chains: he goes up and tells tales, he goes down and sings songs.”5
This recording could have been made from August 9, 1824 to September 4, 1826, i.e., during the period of the poet’s forced stay in Mikhailovskoye.
The sketch refers to “The Tale of Tsar Saltan,” written in 1831. But the above passage was removed from this semi-dictation several years earlier for “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” Pushkin had this recording in St. Petersburg, as evidenced by the gendarmerie mark in red ink on the manuscript.
In the surviving passage there is no “brown wolf”; although it is conjectural, it can with a sufficient degree of probability be attributed to the same nanny’s story.
But then another question immediately arises: where did this word usage come from?
We are able to document our response.
Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva (1758-1828), native of the village. Suida of the Koporsky district of the St. Petersburg province, spent most of her life in the Pskov region, in Mikhailovsky, with her former owners (she received her freedom in 1799, but remained forever in the Pushkin family).
An appeal to the dialect dictionary of the Pskov region (fortunately, there is one) gives unexpected results. “Brown” meaning “gray”, “dark” was registered in the village of Miginovo, Ostrovsky district.6
“My owner was like a kulak, he worked at the nivo like a brown wolf” - a similar turnover was recorded six (!) times in the following places: Krutsy of the Novorzhevsky district, Bolotnitsa of the Bezhanitsky district, Cherteny of the Dnovsky district, Kopylok of the Pustishkinsky district, Pakhomovo of the Velikolutsky district and , which is especially important for us, is Kameno Opochetsky district, i.e. in close proximity to Mikhailovsky!
As we see, Pushkin could learn this word usage not only from his nanny, but also in live communication with the peasant environment of the Pskov province.
We don't know how this turnover came about. The fact is that in the same Pskov dictionary there is a very similar one: “To work like a brown ox,” which seems more “meaningful.” Has the “ox” turned into a “wolf”? This assumption (for our purposes not at all significant), however, is refuted. The point is that in Polish language there is a word "bury", which in historical language dictionaries is explained as “ciemno-szaro-brunatni” or “koloru ciemnoszarego z plamami”.7 It is necessary to point out that in the second case, “bury wilk” is given as an example.8 Finally, one cannot fail to mention that in the most authoritative dictionary M The Fasmera Polish “bury” is also translated as “dark gray.”9
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Thus, it becomes obvious that by introducing the expression “brown wolf” into his poems, Pushkin once again had a “direct encounter with living folk speech.”10 He did not make any mistakes; He was probably attracted by the destruction of the usual constant epithet.
In Russian journalism in 1825, a controversy suddenly arose about the existence of wolves of an unusual (not gray) color. Journalist A.F. Voeikov in his article “Walk in the village of Kuskovo” mentioned, among other things, that on this estate gr. P. B. Sheremetev “before there lived piebald and black wolves.”11
In the magazine “Son of the Fatherland”, the author, hiding under the cryptonyms D.R.K., i.e. Grech12 or, according to S.A. Fomichev’s research, F.V. Bulgarin, polemically noted that in this article they were named “ black wolves, which we have never heard of or seen before.”13
Voeikov immediately responded to this attack in “Russian Invalid” with the article “Proof that there are black and piebald wolves in the world and that they were found in the village of Kuskovo.”14 The article was unsigned, but the authorship of the newspaper editor Voeikov is indisputable. In the article he even referred to Buffon.
In the next issue of “Son of the Fatherland” the polemic was continued. Now Voeikov was accused of the fact that his article in “Russian Invalid” and, in particular, the statement about black and piebald wolves is a “paraphrase” from an anonymous brochure published in Moscow in 1787 “ Short description the village of Spaskogo Kuskovo also.”15 The fact is, Voeikov’s opponent wrote, that this brochure says that rare black and piebald wolves lived in the menagerie (p. 18), but this does not mean at all that they were “found”, i.e. That is, they lived in freedom, as the title of Voeikov’s note suggests. However, D.R.K. admitted that “on the Don sometimes, although very rarely, one comes across dark-haired wolves with gray hair (magazine italics - S.R.).”16
There is no doubt that Pushkin, who closely followed contemporary journalism, knew all these articles. It is possible that they played a role in his use of the phrase “brown wolf.” The usual epithet “gray” was thus shaken.17
S. A. Racer
A.S. Pushkin
There is a green oak near the Lukomorye
From the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
There is a green oak near the Lukomorye;
Golden chain on the oak tree:
Day and night the cat is a scientist
Everything goes round and round in a chain;
He goes to the right - the song starts,
To the left - he tells a fairy tale.
There are miracles there: a goblin wanders there,
The mermaid sits on the branches;
There on unknown paths
Traces of unseen beasts;
There's a hut there on chicken legs
It stands without windows, without doors;
There the forest and valley are full of visions;
There the waves will rush in at dawn
The beach is sandy and empty,
And thirty beautiful knights
From time to time clear waters emerge,
And their sea uncle is with them;
The prince is there in passing
Captivates the formidable king;
There in the clouds in front of the people
Through the forests, across the seas
The sorcerer carries the hero;
In the dungeon there the princess is grieving,
And the brown wolf serves her faithfully;
There is a stupa with Baba Yaga
She walks and wanders by herself,
There, King Kashchei is wasting away over gold;
There's a Russian spirit... it smells like Russia!
And there I was, and I drank honey;
I saw a green oak by the sea;
The scientist cat sat under him
He told me his fairy tales.
Http://www.lukoshko.net/pushk/pushk2.shtml
Reviews
Pushkin describes real events of the past. Lukomorye is the shore of the White (Russian) Sea to the east of Arkhangelsk. The golden chain is a chain of bright events that took place in the zone of action of the oak biofield and recorded in annual rings (flash drive) cyclically, i.e. recording occurs only in the summer, when the oak is green. A learned cat is a psychic (sorcerer) who reads this information and reveals it to RUSSIANS who are thirsty for knowledge, a mermaid (do not confuse it with a thirsty, thirsty alcoholic, a thirsty, drunkard). There's a guy wandering nearby, a lazy guy - he doesn't need knowledge, he's superfluous there, that is, he's a goblin.
And then he sets out pictures of the past,
There's a hut there on chicken legs
stands without windows without doors - This is KRODA. It was like this: the coffin with the body of the deceased was placed on two nearby tree trunks, cut down at a level of 1.5 m from the ground and burned in order to free the human essence from the connection (etheric, astral, mental) with the deceased body and facilitate the transition, thereby preserving potential until the next incarnation in this family (if you're lucky). The trees were not sawed again, because the trunks were charred and the roots were exposed from repeated events. And so on....
The daily audience of the portal Stikhi.ru is about 200 thousand visitors, who in total view more than two million pages according to the traffic counter, which is located to the right of this text. Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors.
There is a green oak near the Lukomorye;
Golden chain on the oak tree:
Day and night the cat is a scientist
Everything goes round and round in a chain;
He goes to the right - the song starts,
To the left - he tells a fairy tale.
There are miracles there: a goblin wanders there,
The mermaid sits on the branches;
There on unknown paths
Traces of unseen beasts;
There's a hut there on chicken legs
It stands without windows, without doors;
There the forest and valley are full of visions;
There the waves will rush in at dawn
The beach is sandy and empty,
And thirty beautiful knights
From time to time clear waters emerge,
And their sea uncle is with them;
The prince is there in passing
Captivates the formidable king;
There in the clouds in front of the people
Through the forests, across the seas
The sorcerer carries the hero;
In the dungeon there the princess is grieving,
And the brown wolf serves her faithfully;
There is a stupa with Baba Yaga
She walks and wanders by herself,
There, King Kashchei is wasting away over gold;
There is a Russian spirit there... it smells like Russia!
And there I was, and I drank honey;
I saw a green oak by the sea;
The scientist cat sat under him
He told me his fairy tales.
Analysis of the poem “Near the Lukomorye there is a green oak” by Pushkin
“Near the Lukomorye there is a green oak tree...” - lines familiar to everyone from childhood. The magical world of Pushkin's fairy tales has become so firmly entrenched in our lives that it is perceived as an integral part of Russian culture. The poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” was completed by Pushkin in 1820, but he completed the introduction in 1825 in Mikhailovsky. The poet took Arina Rodionovna’s saying as its basis.
Pushkin's introduction to the poem continues the ancient traditions of Russian folklore. Even the ancient Russian guslars began their tales with an obligatory saying that was not directly related to the plot. This saying set the listeners in a solemn mood and created a special magical atmosphere.
Pushkin begins his poem with a description of the mysterious Lukomorye - a mysterious area where any miracles are possible. “The Scientist Cat” symbolizes the ancient author-storyteller who knows an incredible number of fairy tales and songs. Lukomorye is populated by many magical heroes, gathered here from all Russian fairy tales. Among them minor characters(goblin, mermaid), and “unprecedented animals,” and an as yet inanimate hut on chicken legs.
Gradually, more significant characters appear before the reader. Among the unclear visions, the mighty “thirty knights” appear, led by Chernomor, symbolizing military force Russian people. The main positive characters (the prince, the hero, the princess) are still nameless. They are collective images that will be embodied in a specific fairy tale. The magical picture is completed by the main negative characters - Baba Yaga and Kashchei the Immortal, personifying evil and injustice.
Pushkin emphasizes that all this Magic world has national roots. He is directly connected with Russia: “It smells like Russia there!” All events taking place in this world (feats, temporary victories of villains and the triumph of justice) are a reflection real life. Fairy tales are not just stories made up for entertainment. They illuminate reality in their own way and help a person distinguish between good and evil.