PIONEERS - HEROES OF THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
And when the war ends and we begin to reflect on the reasons for our victory over the enemy of humanity, we will not forget that we had a powerful ally: a multimillion-strong, tightly united army of Soviet children.
Korney Chukovsky, 1942
I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
But the tie was replaced by bandages.
Death roared over our medical battalion
And with a squeal they fell from above.
And I suffered bravely and stubbornly,
He tore off the bandages in a furious delirium.
I sometimes shouted like a child: “MOM!”
This was the case in 1941.
And, as if returning from the other world,
He came to life from an unbearable wound,
And, having drunk the leaden air,
I put on my overcoat bravely.
I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
And he became a Komsomol member only later,
When the Reichstag is under the winged banner
Smoked ashes in the cool wind.
On September 15, 1942, a decree of the Komsomol Central Committee on the work of pioneer organizations in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War was published. The war also brought changes to the work of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization. All pioneer leaders were appointed. A system of orders, reports and other attributes of paramilitary associations was introduced. The resolution provided not only organizational changes. “In all work,” it said, “it is necessary to introduce a military spirit, to ensure the daily education of the pioneers in discipline, stamina, endurance, ingenuity, dexterity, and fearlessness. Each pioneer must set an example in mastering the military training provided for school curriculum". The pioneers had to overcome their inability to live, participate in common work workers and peasants, intelligentsia. This system of work introduced a spirit of romance, contributed to the connection between generations, and fostered heroism in the behavior of the children.
The peculiarities of wartime pioneer organizations were short-term associations: combined squads of evacuated children, posts and units, brigades and teams for the purpose of protecting objects, rebuilding destroyed schools and buildings, participants in seasonal field campaigns. These associations, having completed their tasks, ceased to exist. Quickly created maneuverable organizational forms of activity brought significant benefits to the fund of the common victorious cause.
In 1941, the writer Arkady Gaidar, beloved by children, addressed the pioneers: “You say: I hate the enemy, I despise death. All this is true... But your duty is to know military affairs, to always be ready for battle. Without skill, without dexterity, your hot heart will flare up on the battlefield, like a bright signal flare, fired without purpose or meaning, and will immediately go out, showing nothing, wasted.”
Showed courage and bravery Stalingrad pioneers in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad. May the names of young patriots and pioneer heroes not be erased in our memory.MISHA ROMANOV - (born in the Kotelnikovsky district of the Volgograd region)
The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. "IN quiet morning On a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench - it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later the son was struck down by machine gun fire. Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization Misha Romanov.”
The name of the pioneer hero Misha Romanov in 1958 was included in Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization . The pioneer squad of school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him.
VANYA TSYGANKOV, MISHA SHESTERENKO, EGOR POKROVSKY (Kalach)
These pioneer guys from Kalach, who during the Battle of Stalingrad conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining extremely important information about the location of fascist units and their firing points. Caused significant damage to the enemy's human and technical forces. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The boy's skill in installing homemade mines helped. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another. Thus, the movement stopped. The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old. Let's remember their names!
LUSYA RADINO.
Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity.
In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive.
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SASHA FILIPOV.
No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan reconnaissance Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha.
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BAREFOOT GARRISON.
The feat of the pioneer detachment of the Lyapichevsky seven-year school, which operated illegally in the Don farms, is described in the book by Viktor Drobotov “Barefoot Garrison”. All the boys studied at primary school. There were 17 guys in the pioneer “garrison”. The eldest of them, Aksen Timonin, chairman of the detachment council, was 14 years old, the youngest, Syomka Manzhin, was only 9 years old. The pioneers kept their ties in a secret place, which only the commander of the “garrison” Aksen knew about.
The young commander loved military affairs. He had wooden guns. The boys, secretly from the adults, were engaged in military affairs on loan. They found ammunition there, dragged it to the village and hid it behind the river to help the Red Army soldiers. They were trained in shooting, the target was a portrait of Hitler. When they came to the village, the Nazis were harmed as best they could. Four of them (Aksyon Timosha Timonin, Seryozha Sokolov and Fedya Silkin) knew about the wounded officer hidden in the loan. More than once they made their way to the barns where the Nazis stored parcels. The obtained products were transported to the officer.
To steal the weapon, Maxim Tserkovnikov climbed into the car, throwing machine guns out of it. The Germans noticed him, but Maxim managed to escape. The boys were still discovered by the Nazis. Vanya Makhin, who had a German officer standing in his parents’ apartment, decided to steal a pack of cigarettes in order to pass it on to the wounded Soviet commander through Aksyon. But something irreparable happened. They grabbed Vanya, began to beat him, unable to withstand the torture, he named several names.
On the night of November 7, 1942, the arrested boys were thrown into a car in which meat was transported. It was already frosty. The children were beaten, shoeless, stripped, covered in blood, they were thrown into the back like logs. The Germans sent their parents to dig a hole. “We cried,” recalled Philip Dmitrievich, father of Aksyon and Timon Timonin, “our hearts were torn from grief and the inability to help our sons.” Meanwhile, the boys were divided into groups of five. And one by one they were taken in groups behind the wall, where they were shot. One of the eyewitnesses, a resident of the village M.D. Popov, dedicated the poem “Averin Drama” to the memory of the martyred pioneers.
Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists.
Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses.
Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day.
A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave.
The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats.
Ten boys: Ivan, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon.
The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts.
Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama.
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VITYA GROMOV.
Characteristic
To the partisan Viktor Ivanovich Gromov, born in 1930, pioneer, student of vocational school No. 1.
During the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a reconnaissance officer in the N unit that defended the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and presented with the government award-medal “For Courage”.
SEREZHA ALYOSHKOV.
From the book by A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.”
The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported:
- There is someone hiding in the straw.
The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.”
When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old... Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.
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LENYA KUZUBOV.
Lenya Kuzubov, a 12-year-old teenager, ran away to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. He reached Berlin, was wounded three times, signed with a bayonet on the wall of the Reichstag. The young guardsman was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and 14 medals. Leonid Kuzubov is the author of seven collections of poetry, twice a laureate of USSR literary competitions.
VOLODYA DUBININ.
The young intelligence officer operated in the Serafimovichesky and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. In December of the same year he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The first months of the war passed. Hitler's troops approached Kerch, a Crimean seaside city. Residents of Kerch were preparing for a stubborn underground struggle. Volodya Dubinin also dreamed of fighting the invaders. His father volunteered for the navy, and Volodya and his mother remained in Kerch. The brave and persistent boy managed to be accepted into the partisan detachment. When the Nazis captured Kerch, the partisans went into underground quarries. IN deep bowels an underground partisan fortress emerged. From here the people's avengers made bold forays. The Nazis tried to destroy the partisans: they organized a brutal blockade of the quarry, walled it up, mined it, and took custody of the entrances to the dungeon. In these terrible days, the pioneer Volodya Dubinin showed great courage, resourcefulness, and energy. In the difficult conditions of the extraordinary underground siege, this fourteen-year-old boy turned out to be invaluable to the partisans. Volodya organized a group of young pioneer scouts from partisan children. Through secret passages, the guys climbed to the surface and obtained the information the partisans needed. Finally, there was only one hole left, unnoticed by the enemies - so small that only the dexterous and flexible Volodya could get through it. Volodya helped his comrades out of trouble more than once. One day he discovered that the Nazis had decided to flood the quarries sea water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone. Another time, Volodya noticed and promptly informed the partisans that the enemies were going to launch a general assault on the quarries. The partisans prepared for the attack and successfully repelled the onslaught of hundreds of fascists. On New Year's Eve 1942, units of the Red Army and Navy drove the Nazis out of Kerch. While helping sappers clear mines, Volodya Dubinin died. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
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KOLYA KRASAVTSEV.
The pioneer showed vigilance, detaining a suspicious person who turned out to be a German spy, for which he was awarded the medal “For Courage” by the command.
MOTYA BARSOVA.
Pioneer Motya Barsova na x. Lyapichev helped destroy 20 German soldiers who fought their way out of encirclement at Stalingrad. Hungry soldiers threatened her family and forced the housewife to cook; there was no food in the house. Motya, citing the lack of water, ran to the school, to the village council, and raised the people. The house was surrounded, the Nazis were destroyed, and partially captured.
VANYA GUREYEV.
Organized guys in Ilyovka to care for 18 wounded soldiers and commanders. The teenagers then helped the Red Army soldiers get out of the encirclement.
SASHA DEMIDOV.
The pioneer Sasha conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”
LYUSYA REMIZOVA.
Not far from Stalingrad, the Nazis captured a schoolgirl in November 1942 and forced her to wash clothes and clean the premises where German officers lived. Lyusya managed to steal important documents, escape and deliver them to her friends. For her courageous act, Lyusya Remizova was awarded the medal “For Courage”.The search for new names continues. Perhaps preparations for the 65th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad will stir up interest in the patriotic deeds and actions of pioneers and youth, and will arouse in the current generation of teenagers the need to know the history of the Battle of Stalingrad, about the fates of their peers, participants in the Battle of Stalingrad.
Volgograd ( former Stalingrad) rightfully accepted the glory of the hero city. Completely destroyed during bloody battles, the city withstood the onslaught of the German enemy and was liberated in February 1943 at the cost of the lives of about half a million Soviet soldiers. The list of heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad is huge; people did not spare their lives to save their homeland.
We will talk about the following heroes:
- Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich.
- Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko.
- Pavel Ivanovich Batov.
- Nikolai Pavlovich Kochetkov.
- Ruben Ruiz-Ibarruri.
- Ivan Prokopyevich Malozemov.
- Mikhail Averyanovich Panikakha.
- Nikolai Yakovlevich Ilyin.
- Vasily Grigorievich Zaitsev.
- Mikhail Dmitrievich Baranov.
- Nurken Abdirovich Abdirov.
- Maxim Alexandrovich Passar.
History of the battles in Stalingrad
The battle in the Stalingrad area is one of the largest battles in world history, both in terms of the number of casualties and the scope of the front line. In 200 days, about 500 thousand soldiers of the Soviet Army and the same number of soldiers who fought on the side of Germany and their allies died. The number of civilians killed is in the tens of thousands. The length of the front varied from 400 km to 850 km, total area military operations amounted to 100 thousand square meters. m.
Victory over the Nazis and their allies at Stalingrad was vital for Soviet Union after a whole series of lost battles in 1941 and 1942. Hitler's plans included the final defeat of the USSR in the southern territory, by seizing the Baku oil fields, fertile regions of the Don and Kuban, as well as seizing a strategically necessary transport waterway - the Volga River, which would lead to the loss of communications between the central regions of the country and the Caucasus.
To implement the plans, the German command concentrated powerful military forces along the Kursk-Taganrog trajectory by the beginning of June: tank and motorized divisions were brought to the front line (50% of total number this kind of troops involved in the war), as well as infantry - 900 thousand soldiers and officers (35% of those who participated in the Second World War on the part of the Nazis). Thanks to significant forces, the Wehrmacht offensive lasted from 17.07 to 18.11.42, as a result of which there was a real possibility of a breakthrough of enemy troops to the Volga River.
Thanks to the timely transfer of powerful forces by the Soviet command to the focus of the battle, as well as the heroic feat of Soviet soldiers who followed the “not a step back” strategy at the cost of their lives, from November 19, 1942, defensive battles gave way to offensive ones. By February 2, 1943, the counteroffensive of the Soviet Army in the Battle of Stalingrad of the Second World War ended complete defeat groups of Nazi troops attacking the USSR in the Stalingrad direction.
Results of the Battle of Stalingrad
In the bloody fierce battle for Stalingrad, a turning point in the course of the Great Patriotic War. Irreconcilable battles were fought for every house, for every lane of the strategically important city. Warriors from all over the great multinational country gathered with a single goal: to defend Stalingrad. Fierce winter and well-aimed Soviet snipers undermined the morale of Wehrmacht soldiers. The “invincible” 6th Nazi Army under the command of Paulus capitulated in early February 1943.
From that moment on, the initiative for war passed into the hands of the Soviet command, whose authority increased significantly against the backdrop of a decline in Germany's military power. Japan and Türkiye refused to participate in the war against the USSR. The influence of the German command in the territories of the conquered countries weakened, which caused a surge of disagreements between them.
In honor of the 75th anniversary of the Stalingrad victory, which made possible the complete victory over fascism and raised the morale of the Soviet Army, the day of February 2, 2018 was solemnly celebrated throughout the territory Russian Federation.
Battle rewards
To award the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad during the Second World War, the Soviet command approved a new medal with the sonorous name “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” It was designed by the artist Nikolai Ivanovich Moskalev. His posters with anti-fascist slogans raised the morale of the Soviet people during the difficult years of the Second World War: “Near Moscow, von Bock earned his side!” Moskalev also designed the medal “For the Defense of Leningrad” and many others.
The Stalingrad medal is made of brass. Front side awards for the Battle of Stalingrad contain an engraved scene of military action: soldiers with rifles, tanks, planes and a proudly waving victory banner. The reverse side contains the patriotic inscription: “For our Soviet Motherland.”
The award was intended for all participants in the terrible battle for Stalingrad, including civilians, given that more than 15,000 civilians voluntarily formed the people's militia, irreconcilably fighting the enemy. Unfortunately, no lists of recipients were kept. According to preliminary data, the number of people nominated for the award almost reached 760 thousand people, including soldiers of the Red Army, Navy, and NKVD troops.
Monuments to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad
Mamayev Kurgan is a strategically important hill in Stalingrad, from which the city center was directly exposed to fire. That is why bloody battles were fought for this patch for 135 days. The mound was occupied either by Soviet troops or by the Wehrmacht army, every piece of hill was constantly under fire. Daily on square meter On average, up to 600 bullets and about 1.2 thousand fragments from shells fell on the ground. The mass grave on the mound laid to rest 35 thousand Soviet soldiers.
From 1959 to 1967, an impressive monument weighing 8,000 tons was erected in memory of the difficult victory on Mamayev Kurgan. Monument to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad “The Motherland is Calling!” is an 85-meter tall female statue with a sword in her hand, calling on soldiers to fight to the death. This monument, full of patriotic appeal, is the main monument in the ensemble on Mamayev Kurgan; in 2008, it was included in the Seven Wonders of Russia. There are 200 steps leading to it, each of which is laid in memory of the days of the Battle of Stalingrad.
On the way to the huge monument there is the square “Standing to the Death”, in the center of which there is a sculpture of the same name of a Soviet warrior. Like an impregnable barrier, a courageous defender stands as a stone barrier on the road to a strategic hill.
Like a living stone book of front-line events, ruined walls rise along the “Heroes Square”. The silent call of the stone figures of the heroes of Stalingrad, the real scenes captured on the monument, make you fully feel the horror of the events taking place here. 6 sculptural monuments located on the same square testify to heroic deeds soldiers, sailors, nurses, standard bearers and commanders.
The entire monument-ensemble, dedicated to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad, is intended to perpetuate the memory of those who marched with their chests against the iron rain and did not stop, causing superstitious horror among the fascists, who involuntarily wondered: are Soviet soldiers mortal?
And now it’s time to talk about the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad and their exploits.
Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich (1895 - 1977)
I went through the entire Great Patriotic War from the first to the last day. He earned the rank of major general in the First World War and the subsequent Civil War.
High professionalism, encyclopedic knowledge in the military field, self-control and endurance even in the most critical and controversial situations allowed Alexander Mikhailovich to earn the respect and trust of I.V. Stalin. In the July days of anxiety and fear in 1942, Stalin personally asked Vasilevsky to go to the front in Stalingrad.
The hero was in the city on the peak day - August 23, when the Germans mercilessly bombed locality, at the same time there was an attack by enemy units that had broken through to the Volga. Alexander Mikhailovich personally looked for ways to encircle the enemy army of Paulus, as well as loopholes for the approach of reserve forces and materials, having traveled all over the Volga region.
The plan for the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops took a long time to develop, and Vasilevsky was directly involved in its preparation. However, the brilliant algorithm of actions that was born under the secret name “Uranus” worked like clockwork. On November 23, the Soviet army surrounded the enemy group, closing the ring at the Sovetsky farm. Attempts to release Paulus's army were thwarted.
Vasilevsky coordinated the actions of all three fronts during the counteroffensive. In February 1943, he was awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Andrey Ivanovich Eremenko (1892-1970)
Appointed in August 1942 as commander of the South-Eastern Front, which defended the south of Stalingrad, Colonel General Eremenko organized a counterattack on the third day, gathering all available reserve forces. This forced the attacking enemy into a defensive position. A week later, Eremenko was simultaneously appointed commander of the Stalingrad Front, to which the South-Eastern Front was later annexed.
In fact, until November 1942, under the leadership of the general, the Stalingrad Front held the defense and subsequently played a leading role in blocking the enemy during the counterattack. The most tense moment was the Germans’ attempt to release their trapped troops. A powerful enemy army group called “Don,” commanded by the German E. Manstein, struck the weakened troops of the 51st Army in the southeastern sector. However, the decisive actions of General Eremenko of the Battle of Stalingrad (regrouping reserves, creating task forces, emergency reinforcement of the 51st Army) allowed the inferior Soviet army to hold out in a defensive position until reinforcements arrived.
During a personal meeting between A.I. Eremenko and I.V. Stalin, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief uttered the following phrase: “Why are you worried, you played a major role in the Battle of Stalingrad...”.
Pavel Ivanovich Batov (1897-1985)
During the battle for Stalingrad, the general commanded the 65th Army, which from mid-November was assigned the main leading role in the offensive movement against the enemy. However, on the first day of the counteroffensive, the troops were able to advance only 5-8 km.
The tactical move that ensured the rapid offensive was the creation by Batov of a motorized high-speed group, which included all the tanks available in the 65th Army. The rapid attack of the mobile detachment broke through the enemy’s defenses 23 km deep. To avoid encirclement, the enemy retreated behind the offensive line of Batov’s army, which subsequently led to the almost complete implementation of all assigned tasks Soviet Army according to the Uranus plan.
At the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, George VI, King of Great Britain, awarded P. I. Batov the title of Knight Commander and also awarded him the Order of the British Empire.
Nikolay Kochetkov
He took an active part in battles from the very beginning of the Second World War. During August 1942, on the Southwestern Stalingrad Front, pilot Nikolai Kochetkov carried out 22 combat missions, causing significant damage to the enemy.
On August 30, the enemy ME-110 aircraft was shot down personally by Kochetkov, his group of wingman aircraft shot down 2 bombers.
During 2 group flights on September 1, in which Nikolai served as the leader, his plane was shot down twice, but in both cases the pilot continued to attack the enemy and the combat mission was completed. Returning to the base after the second flight, a group of Soviet aircraft met with an enemy Yu-88. Despite the fact that his plane was hit in the engine area, Kochetkov attacked the enemy, and together with two wingmen he knocked out his right engine, the enemy’s plane began to descend.
On September 3, Kochetkov’s plane exploded in the air during a raid on enemy equipment and manpower and fell on a group of fascist troops, the pilot was captured. Considering that Nikolai Pavlovich had died, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He returned to his unit after escaping and continued serving the Fatherland.
Ruben Ibarruri
Son of Spanish communist leader Dolores Ibarruri. Participated in the war from the first days. In August 1942, the Nazis almost managed to cut off Stalingrad from the main part of the Soviet troops. A company of machine gunners, commanded by Ibarurri, as part of the 35th Guards Infantry Division was supposed to eliminate the threat. When the commander forward detachment died, despite superior enemy forces, Ibarruri fearlessly took command. During the night, 6 enemy attacks were repulsed, having suffered enormous damage, the Germans retreated.
Ruben was mortally wounded and died on September 3 while in the hospital. The hero rests in a mass grave in Volgograd on the Square of Fallen Fighters.
Tank ram by Ivan Malozemov
The feat of the young lieutenant, who was not even 22 years old, went down in history. The defender’s ashes rest under a memorial slab on Mamayev Kurgan. On the armor of Malozemov’s tank and his crew there was an inscription: “Threat to fascism” - for courage and bravery, as well as for the colossal damage caused by the crew in battle with enemies.
On January 31, 1943, Malozemov was tasked with destroying the enemy near the village of Barrikady. Ivan hid his KV-1S tank with its crew behind a dilapidated wall, from where he hit the enemy, forcing the fascist tanks to retreat, leaving the burning vehicles behind. However, several German vehicles attacked the “Thunderstorm of Fascism” at maximum speed. Several tanks were knocked out, but the ammunition ran out. Then Malozemov ordered the crew to leave the tank, and he himself went to ram and destroy the fascist vehicles until a shell that exploded nearby wounded Ivan to death. It was on this day that Field Marshal Paulus capitulated with the remnants of the army.
The feat of Mikhail Panikakha
The feat of Mikhail Panikakha in the Battle of Stalingrad is an example of masculinity and selflessness. When fascist tanks approached from the direction of Mamayev Kurgan to the trenches in which the soldiers of the 883rd regiment were located, a brutal, unequal battle ensued. During the defensive actions, Mikhail was left with only two bottles of Molotov cocktail. Panikakh's soldier began to crawl towards the main tank, holding a Molotov cocktail in his hand. An enemy bullet broke the bottle, and flammable liquid doused the fighter’s face, arms and chest, and the man caught fire like a torch. Despite this, Panikakha chased the tank, and when he caught up with it, he broke the second bottle over the car’s engine. The fearless soldier died in the fire of a tank that ignited. Enemy vehicles and infantry turned back.
In Volgograd, in honor of the feat of the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, Mikhail Panikakha, a monument to the brave sailor was erected on May 8, 1975. It is located near the Red October plant, on the same spot where the Hero of the Soviet Union (Battle of Stalingrad) burned like a living torch. A Volgograd street is named after the marine.
Nikolay Ilyin
He had unique sniper abilities, an accurate eye, composure in battle and excellent endurance. Thanks to his teaching talent, Ilyin trained young snipers who had the ability to shoot, and was the initiator of the sniper movement on the Stalingrad front. He taught his successors to carefully dig in before battle, taking natural protection from the ground, to camouflage positions well, and to develop an eye. He did not like ostentatious courage and recklessness.
In just 11 days, during a sniper hunt for the enemy in the area of the village of Dubovyi Ovrag, Ilyin destroyed 95 fascists. By the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, the sniper had 216 privates and officers of the Wehrmacht. From the beginning of the war until July 25, 1943 (the date of the soldier’s death), he managed to destroy 494 fascists.
In Stalingrad, a street is named after the hero. The memory of sniper Nikolai Ilyin is immortalized in memorial complex on Mamayev Kurgan.
Sniper Vasily Zaitsev
In battles Soviet hero, sniper of the Battle of Stalingrad Vasily Zaitsev successfully used his hunting skills and abilities received from his grandfather, especially the ability to camouflage. In just 1.5 months of fighting at Stalingrad, he shot about 200 fascist soldiers and officers, including 11 snipers.
To confuse the enemy, Zaitsev created the likeness of a doll, which came into the enemy’s field of view, and he himself hid nearby. When the enemy fired and revealed himself, Vasily patiently waited for the victim to appear from cover, and then shot to kill. The hero subsequently documented his knowledge of sniper business in the form of two textbooks.
Fighter pilot M. D. Baranov
The pilot defended Stalingrad from the air. In the midst of defensive battles on the outskirts of the city, he shot down 4 enemy aircraft in one day. When the ammunition ran out, the fearless pilot rammed the enemy, and when his life was threatened, he jumped out of the plane by parachute, barely surviving.
Pilot Nurken Abdirov
On December 19, 1942, Sergeant Abdirov, as part of a group of aircraft, carried out a raid with the aim of destroying enemy fortifications, equipment and soldiers. In the area of the largest concentration of tanks, the Nazis opened anti-aircraft fire, a shell knocked out Nurken’s plane, and the car caught fire. Realizing that the IL-2 was out of order and would not reach the airfield, the heroic representative of the Kazakh people sent the dying car to a place where enemy tanks were concentrated. The pilot and crew were killed, eliminating about 6 tanks, 2 anti-aircraft guns, and about 20 people.
All these soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for their military exploits in the Battle of Stalingrad. Malozemov, Abdirov, Ibarruri and Panikakha - posthumously.
Sniper Maxim Passar
A native of the Nanai village of Nizhny Qatar. The youngest of five children in the family. Since childhood, Maxim and his father were engaged in the usual trade for the Nanais - hunting, mainly fur-bearing animals. At the age of 19 he went to the front and was one of the best snipers of the Battle of Stalingrad. He has 237 killed enemies. The Wehrmacht command announced a reward of 100,000 marks for the head of the deft sniper, whom the Germans nicknamed “the devil,” and since then there has been a brutal hunt for him. The Nazis threw threatening leaflets at Passar, but the shooter left for his hunt every day at dawn and returned late at night.
The most reliable information about the death of Maxim Passar is contained in a letter from his friend and front-line brother Alexander Frolov. Near the village of Peschanka, Gorodishchensky district, from an embankment railway 2 fascist heavy machine guns fired. Both friends, Maxim and Alexander, were sent by the commander with the aim of destroying them. Maxim killed one sniper with the first shot, the second sniper managed to shoot Maxim before Frolov shot him.
The hero was buried near the village of Gorodishche along with his comrades. After his death, Maxim Aleksandrovich Passar was nominated for the title of Hero of the USSR, but for unknown reasons he did not receive it. In 2010, by order of the President of the Russian Federation D. A. Medvedev, M. A. Passar was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
ADDITIONAL CHILDREN'S EDUCATION
CHILDREN AND YOUTH CENTER
G. PALLASOVKI
VOLGOGRAD REGION
NOMINATION
THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE FATES OF RESIDENTS
STALINGRAD AND REGION
"YOUNG HEROES OF THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD"
I've done the work
Kharitonov Vladislav,
Student mug
"Flash drive"
Head Zinchenko
Natalya Vasilievna
Pallasovka
YOUNG HEROES OF THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD
“And when the war ends, and we begin to reflect on the reasons for our victory over the enemy of humanity, we will not forget that we had a powerful ally: a multimillion-strong, tightly united army of Soviet children.” Korney Chukovsky, 1942
The war also brought changes to the work of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization. All pioneer leaders were appointed. A system of orders, reports and other attributes of paramilitary associations was introduced. The resolution of the Komsomol Central Committee on the work of pioneer organizations provided for not only organizational changes. " In all work, it said, it is necessary to introduce a military spirit, to ensure daily training
nourishing the pioneers of discipline, stamina, endurance, ingenuity, dexterity, and fearlessness.” The pioneers had to participate in the common labor of workers and peasants. This introduced a spirit of romance, contributed to the connection between generations, and fostered heroism in the behavior of the children.
In wartime conditions, associations were created: combined squads of evacuated children, posts and units, brigades and teams for the protection of objects, restorers of destroyed schools and buildings, participants in seasonal field campaigns. These associations brought significant benefits to the fund of the common victorious cause.
In 1941, writer Arkady Gaidar addressed the pioneers: “ You say: I hate the enemy, I despise death. All this is true... But your duty is to know military affairs, to always be ready for battle. Without skill, without dexterity, your hot heart will flare up on the battlefield, like a bright rocket fired without purpose or meaning, and will immediately go out, showing nothing, wasted.” The Stalingrad pioneers showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad
MISHA ROMANOV- was born in the Kotelnikovsky district. The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. “On a quiet morning of a November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench - it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. The enemy is already making his third attack. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, his comrades were killed. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood up to his full height on the edge of the trench. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis surrounding him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, a student of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.” Misha's name was included in the list in 1958 Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization . The pioneer squad of school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him.
VANYA TSYGANKOV, MISHA SHESTERENKO, EGOR POKROVSKY(Kalach)
During the Battle of Stalingrad, these pioneer guys from Kalach conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining extremely important information about the location of fascist units. Caused noticeable damage to enemy forces. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The boy's skill in installing homemade mines helped. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another. Thus, the movement stopped. The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old.
LUSYA RADINO
Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her relatives. A 13-year-old resourceful pioneer from Leningrad voluntarily became an intelligence officer when an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center who was looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. The reconnaissance commander taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity. In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” She was lucky to be alive.
SASHA FILIPOV
No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan reconnaissance Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. Big family, in which Sasha grew up, lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Acting in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times, bringing valuable documents and obtaining information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and squads are named after Sasha, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district, where his bust is installed.
BAREFOOT GARRISON
The feat of the pioneer detachment of the Lyapichevskaya seven-year school is described in the book by Viktor Drobotov “Barefoot Garrison”. All the boys were in elementary school. There were 17 guys in the pioneer “garrison”. The eldest of them, Aksen Timonin, the chairman of the detachment council, was 14 years old, the youngest, Syomka Manzhin, was only 9 years old. The pioneers kept their ties in a secret place, which only the commander of the “garrison” Aksen knew about. The young commander loved military affairs . He had wooden guns. The boys, secretly from the adults, were engaged in military affairs in a loan bank. They found ammunition there, dragged it to the village and hid it behind the river to help the Red Army soldiers. They were trained in shooting, the target was a portrait of Hitler. When they came to the village, the Nazis were harmed as best they could. Four of them (Aksyon Timosha Timonin, Seryozha Sokolov and Fedya Silkin) knew about the wounded officer hidden in the loan. More than once they made their way to the barns, where they obtained food and transported it to the officer. To steal the weapon, Maxim Tserkovnikov climbed into the car, throwing machine guns out of it. The Germans noticed him, but Maxim managed to escape. The boys were still discovered by the Nazis. Vanya Makhin, in whose apartment a German officer was standing, decided to steal a pack of cigarettes in order to give it to the wounded Soviet commander through Aksyon. But something irreparable happened. They grabbed Vanya, began to beat him, unable to withstand the torture, he named several names. On the night of November 7, 1942, the arrested boys were thrown into a car. It was already frosty. The children were beaten, shoeless, undressed... Their parents were forced by the Germans to dig a hole. “We cried,” recalled Philip Dmitrievich, father of Aksyon and Timon Timonin, “our hearts were torn from grief and the inability to help our sons.” The boys were divided into groups of five and taken behind the wall, where they were shot. One of the eyewitnesses, a resident of the village M.D. Popov, dedicated the poem “Averin Drama” to the memory of the martyred pioneers.
Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists.
Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses.
Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day.
A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave.
The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats.
Ten boys: Ivan, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon.
The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts.
Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama.
VITYA GROMOV
Partisan Viktor Gromov, born in 1930, pioneer, student of vocational school No. 1. During the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a scout for the N unit defending the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and nominated for the government award-medal “For Courage”.
SEREZHA ALYOSHKOV
“The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported:
- There is someone hiding in the straw.
The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.”
When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old. Soon
after that, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.
LENYA KUZUBOV
Lenya Kuzubov, a 12-year-old teenager, ran away to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. He reached Berlin, was wounded three times, signed with a bayonet on the wall of the Reichstag. The young guardsman was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and 14 medals. Leonid Kuzubov is the author of seven collections of poetry, twice a laureate of USSR literary competitions.
VOLODYA DUBININ
The young intelligence officer operated in the Serafimovichesky and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. In December of the same year he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. Volodya died helping sappers to clear mines - in the city of Kerch, where he moved with his mother in 1942. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
MOTYA BARSOVA
Pioneer Motya Barsova na x. Lyapichev helped destroy 20 German soldiers who fought their way out of encirclement at Stalingrad. Hungry soldiers threatened her family and forced her mother to cook. Motya, citing the lack of water, ran to the village council and raised the people. The house was surrounded, the Nazis were destroyed
VANYA GUREYEV
Organized guys in Ilyovka to care for 18 wounded soldiers and commanders. The teenagers then helped the Red Army soldiers get out of the encirclement.
SASHA DEMIDOV
The pioneer Sasha conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”
LYUSYA REMIZOVA
Not far from Stalingrad, the Nazis captured a schoolgirl in November 1942 and forced her to wash clothes and clean the premises where German officers lived. Lyusya managed to steal important documents, escape and deliver them to her friends. For her courageous act, Lyusya Remizova was awarded the medal “For Courage”.
The search for new names continues. Perhaps preparations for the 65th anniversary of the Victory will stir up interest in patriotic deeds and the actions of pioneers, and will arouse in the current generation a need to know the history of the Battle of Stalingrad, about the fates of their peers, participants in the Battle of Stalingrad. I hope that my work will contribute to this. (Appendix: presentation “Young Heroes of Stalingrad)
A. Aleksin “Man with a red tie.”
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The adults start the war strong men. And women, old people and the most terrible and absurd thing - children pay the price. (Slide 2)
The pages of the Great Patriotic War are filled with the courage of the Soviet people. (Slide 3)
The highest peak of courage was the battle on the Volga, the Battle of Stalingrad. (Slide 4)
It lasted 200 days and nights. We know a lot about the Battle of Stalingrad, about the heroism and courage of its participants, we know the names of the soldiers who gave their lives for Stalingrad.
We bow deeply to all the heroes of that great battle
We remember your names
We always keep them in memory
About your feat, our Stalingrad,
We will never forget
Today we are concerned with the question: How did the children of Stalingrad survive this terrible time, what happened to them during the days of the Battle of Stalingrad, how did this time affect the fate of the children, how did they survive all this hell? (Slide 5)
The eyes of a seven-year-old girl. (Slide 6)
Like two faded lights
Visible on a child's face
Great, heavy melancholy.
She is silent, no matter what you ask,
Make a joke with her, - he is silent in response.
It's like she's not seven, not eight
And many, many bitter years
Who will return childhood to the children of Stalingrad, what do they remember, what can they tell, what could they understand, see, remember? Much... (Slide 7)
7th grade students:
1. Oleg Nazarov. 5 years. When the Germans began to heavily bomb Stalingrad, we were sitting in a destroyed house, the whole family: mom and dad, grandfather, grandmother, me and my sister. Mom was killed, dad left with the Red Army, grandfather and grandmother died of hunger. My aunt took my sister, and my military uncle brought me, where there were many children, to the Dubovsky orphanage.
2. Lida Oreshkina. 5 years. We lived with my mother in Gorodishche. When the Germans arrived, I was with my mother. Once we went with her to buy bread, and a German came out of the gate. He pushed my mother away from me, I was left alone. Mom was taken away somewhere and I never saw her again.
3. Vanya Vasiliev 5 years old. We lived in Beketovka. Dad went to fight the Germans, mom went to the city. When a German plane dropped a bomb, it hit the carriage where my mother was and killed her. I had a sister, but I don’t remember where she went.
4. Gury Khvatkov. 13 years. Our house burned down. Father and mother grabbed my sister and me by the hands. There are no words to describe the horror we experienced. Everything around was burning, crackling, exploding. We ran along the fiery corridor towards the Volga, which was not visible because of the smoke.
The screams of people distraught with horror could be heard all around. Above, on the railway tracks, wagons filled with ammunition were exploding. Burning streams of oil moved along the Volga. The river seemed to be on fire. Looking back, I saw a solid wall of a burning city.
What perseverance a child can show in the struggle for life! (Slide 8)
5.Boris Usachev was five and a half years old at that time when he and his mother left the destroyed house. The mother was soon to give birth, and the boy began to realize that he was the only one who could help her on this difficult road. They spent the night in the open air, and little Boris dragged up straw to make it easier for his mother to lie on the frozen ground, and collected ears of corn and ears of corn. They walked 200 kilometers before they managed to find a roof - a cold barn in a farm. The kid walked down the icy slope to the ice hole to fetch water and collected firewood to heat the barn. In these inhuman conditions, a girl was born.
Teacher:
It turns out that even a young child can instantly realize what a danger that threatens death is. (Slide 9)
6. Galina Kryzhanovskaya, who was not even five years old at the time, remembers how she, sick, with high temperature lay in a house where the Nazis ruled. “I remember how one German began to show off at me, putting a knife to my ears, nose, threatening to cut them off,
if I moan and cough.” In these terrible moments, not knowing a foreign language, the girl realized by one instinct what danger she was in, and that she should not even squeak, let alone shout: “Mom.” Galina recalls how they survived while under occupation:
“From hunger, my sister and I’s skin was rotting alive, our legs were swollen. At night, my mother crawled out of our shelter and got to the garbage pit, where the Germans dumped scraps and scraps.
When the girl was bathed for the first time after suffering, they saw gray hair in her hair. So from the age of five she walked with a gray strand.
Teacher: (Slide 10)
German troops pushed our divisions towards the Volga, capturing one street after another, the streets of Stalingrad. Strong men and women were herded into wagons to be led as slaves to Germany, children were driven aside with rifle butts. How they survived, only God can see. The soldiers who defended Stalingrad provided great assistance to children.. Many regiments, fighting in the ruins of the city, found themselves on meager rations, but, seeing the hungry eyes of the children, the soldiers shared the last with them. (Slide 11)
Generation of children wartime They were characterized by an early awareness of their civic duty, a desire to do what was in their power to “help the fighting Motherland,” no matter how pompous it sounds today. This is what the young Stalingraders were like! They showed miracles of courage and heroism. (Slide 12)
7th grade students.
7. Misha Romanov. A boy of 13 years old. He fought with his father in a partisan detachment. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis.
It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. Misha was left alone. He stood up to his full height on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowd of Nazis surrounding him. There was an explosion, and a second later the son of a Don Cossack, pioneer Misha Romanov, was struck down by machine gun fire. (Slide 13)
8. Vanya Tsygankov, Misha Shesterenko, Egor Pokrovsky. These guys conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining important information about the location of fascist units and their firing points. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another.
Thus, the movement stopped. The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old. (Slide 14)
9. Lenya Kuzubov. As a 12-year-old teenager, he ran to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. Reached Berlin, wounded three times, signed with a bayonet at the Reichstag. (Slide 15)
10. Sasha Filippov. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. Short, agile, resourceful, he walked freely around the city. Operating behind enemy lines. Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. He obtained important documents and information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade at it. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. (Slide 16)
11. (Slide 17)
Young beardless heroes
You remain young forever.
In front of your suddenly revived formation
We stand without raising our eyelids.
Pain and anger are the reason now
Eternal gratitude to you all
Little Stalwart Men
Girls worthy of poems.
Oh, war, what a vile thing you did.. Over the long four years that the Great Patriotic War lasted, children, from toddlers to high school students, fully experienced its horrors. There is war every day, every second, and so on for almost four years. But war is hundreds of times more terrible if you see it through children's eyes. And no amount of time can heal the wounds of war, especially children’s wounds. And no one knows how many children died during the war. I really wish we would never have to experience the horrors of war.
May there always be a peaceful sky above us.
Today we have another guest, a wonderful person Anton Antonovich Antonov. His childhood was “scorched by war.” During the Battle of Stalingrad he was 6 years old.
70 years have passed, but Anton Antonovich remembers with great pain that terrible time. Let's welcome Anton Antonovich. (students greet with applause and present flowers)
Guys, 7th grade students will conduct an interview with Anton Antonovich and ask him several questions.
Masha: Anton Antonovich, we are very glad that you came to visit us. Please tell us where you were born, what was your home village like?
Anton Antonovich: I was born in the Belyavsky farm, which is 5 km away. from Serafimovich. The farm was real a piece of paradise. On the hill there is a farm, and below there are gardens, a forest, a river
Don. I dedicated a poem to my homeland:
My homeland is the Belyavsky farm.
There is no sweeter thing in the world for me.
Here I was caressed by heavenly nature,
Warmed by motherly love.
Julia: How many children were in your family?
Anton Antonovich: There were five children in our family. When the war began, the older brother was 12 years old, the younger sister was only 2 months old.
Masha: How did you survive the days of the Battle of Stalingrad?
Anton Antonovich: It was very scary; the Romanians were the first to enter the farm. There was a commotion. Romanians caught chickens and chased small animals
One morning I woke up from a terrible roar, my mother was crying. The Komsomol battalion crossed the Don and wanted to occupy our farm; an artillery salvo covered them. Komsomol children were herded to Gulnin Hill. There was no one left alive. After the war, when the hillock was plowed, there were human bones everywhere.
A few days later, at night, the Germans drove everyone out of the farm and drove them across the steppe, through the ravines: they drove them for several days. Mom had 5 of us. My little sister is 2 months old. With felt boots under my arm, I held onto my mother’s hem.
The elder brother drove a cow through the steppes. We ended up in the village of Srednyaya Tsaritsa. My brother, oddly enough, brought in a cow, which saved us from hunger. We lived in a house with 2 rooms. Three families lived in one, including my mother and I, and Romanians lived in the other. When we returned home, it was winter. Our house was empty. There was no food, firewood, dishes, clothes, nothing to feed the cow. Hunger began. They ate everything, even chakan and acorns.
When the snow melted, it became easier. They poured gophers, dug roots, boiled shells. We lived very friendly. Often I had to go begging, people would give me money. My father did not return after the war; life was very difficult.
There was nothing to eat, nothing to wear, but I had to study.
The war took away my childhood
And the difficult years of war
Left a legacy in memory:
Nightmarish, creepy dreams.
Julia: Anton Antonovich, how did your life turn out after the war?
Anton Antonovich: After graduating from school, he worked as a tractor driver, foreman, and mechanic. Then he entered the Mikhailovsky Pedagogical School. Became a primary school teacher. I taught children in X for 33 years. Mayorovsky. I am grateful to fate for giving me such a profession. I'm very good wife. We raised three children, and now we have eight grandchildren.
Didn't saddle the pearl horse,
But I don’t dare grumble about fate,
After all, my life depends on me,
And I have the right to be myself.
Masha: Anton Antonovich, we know that you write poetry. We ask you to read at least one of your poems to us.
Anton Antonovich: I will read one of my favorite poems. It's called "To My Dear Mother."
When Anton Antonovich read the poem, many of the guys had tears in their eyes.
Julia: Anton Antonovich, thank you very much for coming to visit us. We wish you good health.
Anton Antonovich, a student of our school, wrote a poem that she dedicated to all the children of wartime Stalingrad, and to you personally, our fellow countryman, whom we all love and respect. Listen to him please. We give you this poem with all our hearts.
Poem “My Stalingrad”.
My Stalingrad.
I was born in Volgograd,
This city is so familiar to me!
I love its alleys, parks,
Native school, father's house.
I like to walk around the city,
Something to think and dream about.
In the summer I swim in the Volga,
I enjoy the warmth and sun.
I feel good in my peaceful city!
My love for him is growing stronger
Every day.And Stalingrad?
I didn’t know Stalingrad
I didn’t see it, I didn’t walk on it,
But this is a proud word
Since birth with me.
The city of Stalingrad is a Hero,
This is also my city!
42nd. The most terrible year.
Hitler is marching across Russia with victories.
At the walls of his native Stalingrad
Your great-grandfather or mine said:
“We will protect our hometown
And we won’t give it to anyone!”
And they became a formidable wall,
United in friendship as one:
Georgian, Russian, Uzbek,
Tajik, Kazakh and Armenian.
For every house, for an inch of land
The soldiers gave their lives,
And your native and dear land
At a great price, but they defended it.
Great feat of heroes
Proud Russian land,
Everyone living in it is proud,
All my friends are proud.
On Mamayev Kurgan
We bow our heads low,
Soldiers of the Battle of Stalingrad
Live with dignity, we promise.
The formidable fascists failed
To defeat you, to break your spirit.
We, grandchildren, great-grandchildren of heroes
Let's not forget about that.
About your feat, my Stalingrad,
I'll tell my son and daughter.
People's Memory Path
And I will lead to their hearts.
I was born in Volgograd,
I keep Stalingrad in my heart.
Defenders of the native land
I thank you for the happiness of living.
Teacher: (Slide 18)
During the war, it’s not easy for everyone: it’s unbearably hard on the battlefields, it’s hard for women and old people who shoulder backbreaking labor in factories, factories, agriculture. But it is a thousand times harder for the most vulnerable, the smallest – children. How can a child’s head understand why mom cries so often, why there is nothing to eat, why they are kicked out of their home, why there is so much grief, pain, and death around. May war never come to our sacred land again, may there always be a peaceful sky above us! (Slide 19)
Song “Sun circle, sky around”(Slide 20)
“It is better to die standing than to live on your knees,” the slogan of Dolores Ibarurri, whose son died after being wounded in a Stalingrad meat grinder, most accurately describes the fighting spirit of Soviet soldiers before this fateful battle.
The Battle of Stalingrad showed the whole world the heroism and unparalleled courage of the Soviet people. And not only adults, but also children. It was the bloodiest battle of the Second World War, radically changing its course.
Vasily Zaitsev
The legendary sniper of the Great Patriotic War, Vasily Zaitsev, during the Battle of Stalingrad in a month and a half, destroyed more than two hundred German soldiers and officers, including 11 snipers.
From the very first meetings with the enemy, Zaitsev proved himself to be an outstanding shooter. Using a simple “three-ruler”, he skillfully killed an enemy soldier. During the war, his grandfather’s wise hunting advice was very useful to him. Later Vasily will say that one of the main qualities of a sniper is the ability to camouflage and be invisible. This quality is necessary for any good hunter.
Just a month later, for his demonstrated zeal in battle, Vasily Zaitsev received the medal “For Courage”, and in addition to it - a sniper rifle! By this time, the accurate hunter had already disabled 32 enemy soldiers.
Vasily, as if in chess game, outplayed his opponents. For example, he made a realistic sniper doll, and he disguised himself nearby. As soon as the enemy revealed himself with a shot, Vasily began to patiently wait for his appearance from cover. And time didn't matter to him.
Zaitsev not only shot accurately himself, but also commanded a sniper group. He accumulated considerable didactic material, which later allowed him to write two textbooks for snipers. For the demonstrated military skill and valor, the commander of the sniper group was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. After being wounded, when he almost lost his sight, Zaitsev returned to the front and met Victory with the rank of captain.
Maxim Passar
Maxim Passar, like Vasily Zaitsev, was a sniper. His surname, unusual for our ears, is translated from Nanai as “dead eye.”
Before the war he was a hunter. Immediately after the Nazi attack, Maxim volunteered to serve and studied at a sniper school. After graduation, he ended up in the 117th Infantry Regiment of the 23rd Infantry Division of the 21st Army, which on November 10, 1942 was renamed the 65th Army, 71st Guards Division.
The fame of the well-aimed Nanai, who had the rare ability to see in the dark as if it were day, immediately spread throughout the regiment, and later completely crossed the front line. By October 1942, “a keen eye.” was recognized as the best sniper of the Stalingrad Front, and he was also eighth in the list of the best snipers of the Red Army.
By the time of the death of Maxim Passar, he had 234 killed fascists. The Germans were afraid of the marksman Nanai, calling him “the devil from the devil’s nest.” , they even issued special leaflets intended for Passar personally with an offer to surrender.
Maxim Passar died on January 22, 1943, having managed to kill two snipers before his death. The sniper was twice awarded the Order of the Red Star, but he received his Hero posthumously, becoming a Hero of Russia in 2010.
Yakov Pavlov
Sergeant Yakov Pavlov became the only one who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for defending the house.
On the evening of September 27, 1942, he received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-story building in the city center, which had an important tactical position. This house went down in the history of the Battle of Stalingrad as “Pavlov’s House”.
With three fighters - Chernogolov, Glushchenko and Aleksandrov, Yakov managed to knock the Germans out of the building and capture it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and a telephone line. The Nazis continuously attacked the building, trying to smash it with artillery and aerial bombs. Skillfully maneuvering the forces of a small “garrison”, Pavlov avoided heavy losses and defended the house for 58 days and nights, not allowing the enemy to break through to the Volga.
For a long time it was believed that Pavlov’s house was defended by 24 heroes of nine nationalities. On the 25th, the Kalmyk Goryu Badmaevich Khokholov was “forgotten”; he was crossed off the list after the deportation of the Kalmyks. Only after the war and deportation did he receive his military awards. His name as one of the defenders of the House of Pavlov was restored only 62 years later.
Lyusya Radyno
In the Battle of Stalingrad, not only adults, but also children showed unparalleled courage. One of the heroines of Stalingrad was the 12-year-old girl Lyusya Radyno. She ended up in Stalingrad after the evacuation from Leningrad. One day, an officer came to the orphanage where the girl was and said that young intelligence officers were being recruited to obtain valuable information behind the front line. Lucy immediately volunteered to help.
On her first exit behind enemy lines, Lucy was detained by the Germans. She told them that she was going to the fields where she and other children were growing vegetables so as not to die of hunger. They believed her, but still sent her to the kitchen to peel potatoes. Lucy realized that she could find out the number of German soldiers simply by counting the number of peeled potatoes. As a result, Lucy obtained the information. In addition, she managed to escape.
Lucy went behind the front line seven times, never making a single mistake. The command awarded Lyusya the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”
After the war, the girl returned to Leningrad, graduated from college, started a family, worked at school for many years, taught children junior classes Grodno school No. 17. The students knew her as Lyudmila Vladimirovna Beschastnova.
Ruben Ibarruri
We all know the slogan « No pasaran! » , which translates as « they will not pass! » . It was declared on July 18, 1936 by the Spanish communist Dolores Ibarruri Gomez. She also owns the famous slogan « It's better to die standing than to live on your knees » . In 1939 she was forced to emigrate to the USSR. Her only son, Ruben, ended up in the USSR even earlier, in 1935, when Dolores was arrested, he was sheltered by the Lepeshinsky family.
From the first days of the war, Ruben joined the Red Army. For heroism shown in the battle for the bridge near the Berezina River near the city of Borisov, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
During the Battle of Stalingrad, in the summer of 1942, Lieutenant Ibarruri commanded a machine gun company. On August 23, Lieutenant Ibarruri’s company, together with a rifle battalion, had to hold back the advance of a German tank group at the Kotluban railway station.
After the death of the battalion commander, Ruben Ibarruri took command and raised the battalion in a counterattack, which turned out to be successful - the enemy was driven back. However, Lieutenant Ibarurri himself was wounded in this battle. He was sent to the left bank hospital in Leninsk, where the hero died on September 4, 1942. The hero was buried in Leninsk, but later he was reburied on the Alley of Heroes in the center of Volgograd.
He was awarded the title of Hero in 1956. Dolores Ibarruri came to her son’s grave in Volgograd more than once.