When developing power and lighting networks and automatic control systems, various types and types of electrical equipment, wiring, instruments and automation equipment are used, connected to the control object and to each other according to certain schemes. Depending on the equipment used. instruments and automation equipment (electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.), various schemes for their connections are being developed.

In accordance with GOST 2.701-76, schemes are divided into the following types and types:

Types of schemes:

Electrical – E;

Hydraulic – G;

Pneumatic – P;

Kinematic – K;

Combined – S.

Types of schemes:

Structural – 1;

Functional – 2;

Fundamental – 3;

Connections – 4;

Connections – 5;

General – 6;

Locations – 7.

Electrical A diagram is a simplified visual representation of the connections between individual elements of an electrical circuit, made using conventional graphic symbols and allowing one to understand the principle of operation of an electrical installation.

Structural – reflect the enlarged structure of the management system and the relationship between control and management points of objects. The main elements are depicted as rectangles, the connections between the elements are shown by arrows directed from the influencing element to the affected one.

Functional diagram - reflects the functional block structure of individual units of automatic control, signaling, control and regulation of the technological process and determining the equipment of the control object with instruments and automation equipment.

Fundamental diagrams - reflect with sufficient completeness the composition of the elements, auxiliary equipment and connections between them included in a separate automation unit and giving a detailed idea of the principle of its operation. Based on the schematic diagrams, external and internal connection diagrams are developed.

Connection diagrams – shows information about the internal connections of the product.

Connection diagram – contains information about connections between individual elements of electrical installations and working mechanisms.

General schemes– contain general and specific information on the project.

Layout diagram – explains the location of devices in space, contains information about the routes and methods of laying electrical wiring.

Of the 7 types of electrical circuits, the main ones are circuit diagrams , reflecting with sufficient completeness and clarity the mutual connections between the individual elements that make up the installation and providing comprehensive information about the principle of its operation.

Schematic diagrams serve as the basis for the development of connection diagrams and connections, drawing up specifications and applications for equipment, instruments and devices at the stage of preparation for installation. At the stage of installation, commissioning and operation of the installation, the schematic diagram is the main guiding technical document.

According to their purpose, circuit diagrams are divided into power circuit diagrams (main current circuits), auxiliary circuit diagrams (control, monitoring, alarm circuits), and combined circuits. When the diagrams are drawn together, the main current circuits are highlighted with bolder lines.

Circuit diagrams can be carried out combined And spaced ways. Combined images (Fig. 2.3, a) are used in diagrams, with all parts of each device located in close proximity and usually enclosed in a rectangular and round outline made with a thin line. Most often, circuit diagrams are made in a spaced manner (Fig. 2.3, b), in which the conventional graphic symbols of the component parts of the devices are placed in different places, but in such a way that the individual circuits are depicted most clearly. The belonging of different parts to the same apparatus is established by a positional designation. Individual elements of equipment (switches, fuses, electromagnetic starters, relays, resistors, capacitors, etc.) are connected to each other by wires and cables using connection diagrams , which are a document attached by the manufacturer of an electrical installation or device, containing information about internal product connections. On connection diagrams, devices and devices are depicted in a simplified form in the form of rectangles, above which there is a circle divided by a horizontal line. The numbers in the numerator indicate the serial number of the product, the denominator contains the alphanumeric designation of the element in accordance with GOST 2.710-81 (see Fig. 2.4).

Figure 2.3. Basic electrical circuits for controlling electrical wires: a) combined; b) spaced apart.

Figure2.4. Electrical connection diagram.

Electrical, as well as technological equipment, is installed on supporting bases (for example, in workshops), using the diagrams shown on the plans of buildings and structures and drawings, called in this case layout diagrams . The layout diagram explains the location of the devices in space and contains information about the routes and methods of laying wires (Fig. 2.5)

Figure 2.5. Layout diagram.

Information on connections between individual devices (cabinets, consoles, control panels, terminals of electrical installation elements) and the specifics of making such connections is contained in connection diagrams (Fig. 2.6).

Figure 2.6. Connection diagram.

Switching devices in the diagrams are shown in a switched-off state (i.e., in the absence of current in the windings of relays, contactors, electromagnetic starters, etc. and external forced forces acting on individual devices).

To identify circuit sections and draw up connection diagrams, circuits in circuit diagrams are marked. AC power circuits are marked with phase letters and sequential numbers. Thus, three-phase alternating current circuits are marked with the letters A, B, C, N, two-phase current circuits - A, B; B, C; C, A - and single-phase current - A, N; B,N; C,N.

In DC circuits, sections of circuits with positive polarity are assigned odd numbers, and those with negative polarity are assigned even numbers. The input and output sections of the circuit are marked with polarity: plus (+) and minus (-), and the middle conductor is marked with the letter N or M. DC circuits can be marked with sequential numbers.

Control, protection, alarm, automation, and measurement circuits are marked with sequential numbers within the product.

On the diagrams, markings are placed at the ends or in the middle of the chain section, to the left of the image of the vertical chain and above the image of the horizontal chain.

Connection diagrams can have either graphic method drawings, when wires, harnesses and cables connecting the terminals of devices are shown on the diagram as separate lines (similar to how a circuit diagram is performed in a combined way (see Fig. 2.3, a), lines of one direction can be depicted as one thickened one, which branches off at the connection points on separate lines, or, if it is difficult to read them, address method , in which the lines representing wires, harnesses and cables are broken near the connection points (Fig. 2.4). At the terminals of the devices, only pieces of wire are shown, on the shelves of which they are written in the form of a fraction, in which the numerator is the serial number of the product or its alphanumeric designation; the denominator is the contact number, for example 1/3 or IM/3.

In the places where the cores of wires and cables are connected to the devices, the connection diagrams show the output terminals in the form of circles, inside which their markings (factory or specially assigned) are affixed.

With a high level of automation and a large number of equipment in the circuit, installation of electrical wiring is carried out according to connection diagrams, which are compiled in the form of tables where information about the wires and connection addresses are recorded, table 2.3.

1) symbols defined by GOST 2.751-73, GOST 2.755-74, GOST 2.756-76;

2) the principle of operation of individual devices included in the installation;

3) properties of serial and parallel connection of contacts and other circuit elements.

When reading the diagrams, you should follow a certain sequence:

Determine the power source and the main energy paths from source to consumer;

Divide the circuit into simple circuits;

Understand the role of each element included in individual simple chains;

Consider the conditions for the interaction of devices included in the electrical installation.

Table 2.3 Wiring connections.

Conductor	Where does it come from?	Where does it go?	Wire data	Note
Front wall
60 K 4/8 K 5/17 PV 1x1
58 K 4/17 K 5/8
59 K 4/ HT/ 3
21 I/5 HT/ 7

We must start by considering the circuit of the main apparatus that controls the operation of the consumer. Then determine which devices’ contacts are included in this circuit and how they affect the operation of the main device. Then you should consider the circuits of the devices that control these contacts, etc.

Let us consider as an example the operation of the circuit shown in Fig. 2.3. The greatest clarity in reading (individual circuits are better traced) is provided by a circuit made in a spaced manner (Fig. 2.3, b). The diagram shows that the electric motor (M) is powered from a 380/220 V network with a frequency of 50 Hz. The electrical circuit is protected from short circuit by the QF circuit breaker. Remote start and stop - by an electromagnetic starter (KM), equipped with an electrothermal relay (KK) to protect it from overloads. The electric motor is controlled by the “start” and “stop” buttons (SB).

When you press SB (the "start" button with a closing contact) and the circuit breaker QF is on, a closed electrical circuit is formed: clamp C1-break contact with self-reset SB ("stop" button), normally open contact SB, coil of the electromagnetic starter KM, break contact of the electrothermal relay KK, neutral wire networksN. A magnetic field is created in the electromagnet KM. The anchor, being attracted to the core, drags the traverse on which the movable main and blocking contacts are fixed. The power contacts of the KM close the main current circuit (the electric motor turns on), and the blocking contact of the KM bypasses the “start” button, since it is spring-loaded and is closed only when pressed (therefore, the blocking contact of the KM is often called the self-power contact).

To stop the electric motor, press the button SВ with normally open contacts ("stop"). In this case, the KM coil is de-energized, the main contacts of the electromagnetic starter will open and turn off the electric motor. The electric motor is protected from overloads by a thermal relay KK, which operates as follows. If the specified value of the electric current in the electric motor power circuit is exceeded, the thermal relay KK will operate and, with its opening contact, will open the power circuit of the electromagnetic starter coil, which in turn will lead to the opening of its main contacts and the electric motor will turn off.

The circuit also provides light signaling for the operation of the electric motor. When the electric motor is not running, the warning lamp HL2 is on, and when the motor is running, HLI is on.

Sequence of reading block diagrams:

On the drawing in question we read all the inscriptions;

We find out the meaning of all unfamiliar symbols and images;

Consistently review unit control and production panels, dispatch panels and consoles;

Determine the types and directions of operational communication between control and management points.

Find out the connections between the management structure in question and other levels of management.

Conventional alphabetic and graphic designations on electrical circuit diagrams

When executing the diagrams, the following graphic symbols are used:

1) conventional graphic symbols established in the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation, as well as those built on their basis;

2) rectangles;

3) simplified external outlines (including axonometric ones).

If necessary, non-standardized graphic symbols are used.

When using non-standardized conventional graphic symbols and simplified external outlines on the diagram, appropriate explanations are given.

Conventional graphic symbols, for which several acceptable (alternative) embodiments have been established, differing in geometric shape or degree of detail, should be used based on the type and type of the diagram being developed, depending on the information that needs to be conveyed on the diagram by graphic means. In this case, on all diagrams of the same type included in the documentation set, one selected designation option must be used.

The use of certain graphic symbols on diagrams is determined by the rules for executing diagrams of a certain type and type.

Conventional graphic symbols of elements are depicted in the sizes established in the standards for conventional graphic symbols.

The dimensions of the conventional graphic symbols, as well as the thickness of their lines, must be the same on all diagrams for a given product (installation).

Notes :

1. All sizes of graphic symbols can be changed proportionally.

2. Conventional graphic symbols of elements used as components of the symbols of other elements (devices) may be depicted smaller in comparison with other elements (for example, a resistor in a rhombic antenna, valves in a dividing panel).

Graphic symbols on diagrams should be made with lines of the same thickness as the communication lines.

Symbolic graphic symbols of elements are shown on the diagram in the position in which they are given in the relevant standards, or rotated by an angle multiple of 90°, if there are no special instructions in the relevant standards. It is allowed to rotate conventional graphic symbols by an angle that is a multiple of 45, or depict them as mirror images.

If, when rotating or mirroring conventional graphic symbols, the meaning or readability of the symbol may be impaired, then such symbols must be depicted in the position in which they are given in the relevant standards.

Communication lines are made with a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, depending on the format of the diagram and the size of the graphic symbols. Recommended line thickness is from 0.3 to 0.4 mm.

Communication lines should consist of horizontal and vertical segments and have the least number of kinks and mutual intersections.

In some cases, it is possible to use inclined sections of the communication line, the length of which should be limited as much as possible.

3. Communication lines passing from one sheet or one document to another should be broken outside the diagram image without arrows.

Next to the communication line break, the designation or name assigned to this line should be indicated (for example, wire number, pipeline number, signal name or its abbreviated designation, etc.), and in parentheses the sheet number of the circuit and zone, if any. when the diagram is executed on several sheets, for example, sheet 5, zone A6 (5, A6), or the designation of the document, when the diagrams are executed as independent documents, to which the communication line passes.

Communication lines should usually be shown in full. Communication lines within one sheet, if they make it difficult to read the diagram, can be cut off. Broken communication lines are ended with arrows. Near the arrows indicate the locations of broken lines, for example, connections, and (or) the necessary characteristics of the circuits, for example, polarity, potential, pressure, fluid flow, etc.

Elements (devices, functional groups) included in the product and shown in the diagram must have designations in accordance with the standards for the rules for implementing specific types of circuits.

Designations can be alphabetic, alphanumeric and numeric. Designations of elements (devices, functional groups) specific to certain branches of technology must be established by industry standards.

Equipment and installations on power and lighting network plans are presented in accordance with GOST 21.614-84 “Conventional graphic images of electrical equipment and wiring on plans.” The main conventional graphic images on the power and lighting network plans are presented in Table 2.4, and the symbols of electrical devices in Table 2.4.

The dimensions of the images are given in the drawings on a scale of 1:100. When making images on other scales, the size of the images should be changed in proportion to the size of the drawing, and the size (diameter or side) of the conventional image of the electrical equipment should be at least 1.5 mm. The dimensions of images of switchboards, cabinets, consoles, boxes, electrical devices and electrical equipment of open distribution devices should be taken according to their actual dimensions on the scale of the drawing. It is allowed to increase their size to be able to depict all the pipes with wiring suitable for them.

Table 2.4. Conventional graphic images on plans of power and lighting networks.

	Name	Image
I. Electrical wiring.
1. Designation of electrical wiring lines.
	General image
	Three wire line
	36 V line
	Grounding line
2. Open wiring.
	Open cable routing
	Cable wiring
	Wiring in the tray
	Wiring in the box
	Laying wiring under the baseboard
3. Wiring in pipes.
	General designation
	Open gasket
	Hidden gasket
	The posting goes to a higher level or comes from a high
	The posting goes to a lower level or comes from a low
II. Equipment.
	Branch box
	Introductory box
	Box, drawer
	Box, drawer with clips
	Main panel for working lighting
	Panel of group working lighting
	Cabinet, panel with one-sided service
	Cabinet, panel with double-sided service
	Switch, general designation
	Switch for surface installation with IP 20, IP23: Single pole Bipolar Three-pole
	Switch for hidden wiring: Single pole Bipolar Three-pole
	Switch for surface installation with IP 44, IP55: Single pole Bipolar Three-pole
	Switches with IP 20, IP23
	Open two-pole socket with IP 20, IP23
	Open two-pole double socket with IP 20, IP23
	Hidden socket, two-pole
	Plug socket open two-pole double
	Open two-pole socket with IP 44, IP55
	Socket with protective contact with IP 44, IP55
	Incandescent lamp
	Lamp with incandescent lamp on a cable
	Lamp with incandescent lamp on bracket
	Lamp with GLND
	Lamp with GLVD

	Spotlight
	Wall cartridge
	Suspended chuck
	Magnetic switch

An electrical diagram is a document in which, according to GOST rules, connections between the component parts of devices operating due to the flow of electricity are indicated. As you understand, this drawing gives electricians an understanding of how the installation works and what elements it consists of. The main purpose of the electrical diagram is to help in connecting installations, as well as troubleshooting in the circuit. Next, we will tell you what types and types of electrical circuits there are, providing a brief description, characteristics and examples of each type.

General classification

First, you need to understand what is meant by types and what is meant by types of documents. So, according to GOST 2.701-84, there are the following types of circuits (brief designation in brackets):

Electrical (E).
Hydraulic (G).
Pneumatic (P).
Gas (X).
Kinematic (K).
Vacuum (B).
Optical (L).
Energy (P).
Divisions (E).
Combined (C).

As for the types, the main ones are:

Structural (1).
Functional (2).
Fundamental (complete) (3).
Connections (installation) (4).
Connections (5).
General (6).
Location (7).
United (8).

Based on the indicated designations, you can understand its type and type by the name of the electrical circuit. As an example, a document called E3 is a circuit diagram. In appearance it looks like this:

Next, we will consider in detail the purpose and composition of each of the listed types of electrical circuits. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with this before making it even easier to understand what each version of the drawing is.

Purpose of each electrical circuit

This type of document is the simplest and gives an understanding of how the electrical installation works and what it consists of. A graphical representation of all circuit elements allows you to initially see the overall picture in order to move on to a more complex connection or repair process. The reading order is indicated by arrows and explanatory inscriptions, which allows even a novice electrician to understand the structural electrical diagram. You can see the principle of construction in the example below:

The functional electrical diagram of the installation, in fact, is not too different from the structural one. The only difference is a more detailed description of all the components of the chain. This document looks like this:

Fundamental

The electrical circuit diagram is most often used in distribution networks, because gives the most comprehensive explanation of how the electrical equipment in question works. Such a drawing must necessarily indicate all the functional components of the circuit and the type of connection between them. In turn, the circuit diagram can have two varieties: single-line or complete. In the first case, only primary networks, also called power networks, are shown in the drawing. An example of a single line image can be seen below:

A complete circuit diagram can be expanded or elemental. If the electrical installation is simple and all the explanations can be put on one main drawing, it is enough to make a detailed plan. If you are dealing with complex equipment that includes a control, automation and measurement circuit, it is better to separate all the individual components into different sheets so as not to get confused.

There is also a schematic diagram of the product. This type of document is a kind of copy from the general plan, which only indicates how a certain unit works and what it consists of.

Assembly

We most often use this type of electrical circuit on the site when we talk about how to do it yourself. The fact is that the wiring diagram can show the exact location of all the elements of the circuit, the method of connecting them, as well as the alphanumeric characteristics of the installations that make up the drawing. If we take it as an example, we will see where we need to place sockets, switches, lamps and other products.

The main purpose of a wiring diagram is to provide a guide for electrical work. According to the prepared drawing, you can understand where, what and how to connect.

By the way, an electrical wiring diagram is also considered an wiring diagram, which is designed to connect electrical equipment, as well as connect installations to each other within the same circuit. When guided by the installation diagram.

Well, the last electrical circuit used in distribution networks is a combined one, which can include several types and types of documents. It is used if it is possible to identify all the important features of the circuit without too much clutter in the drawing. The integrated project is used most often in enterprises. Home craftsmen are unlikely to encounter this type of scheme. You can see an example below:

There is also a cable route diagram, which is a simplified plan for laying a cable line to distribution points and transformer substations. Its purpose is similar to an electrical wiring diagram - with the help of this document, installers are guided on how to draw a line from point A to point B.

GOST 2.702-75 “Rules for the execution of electrical circuits” establishes the rules for the execution of structural, functional, fundamental, connection, connection, general, arrangement, combined and combined electrical circuits of products from all industries. If the general requirements (GOST 2.701-84) are met, additional rules are clarified or established taking into account the specifics of the type of circuit. We indicate the most important rules for electrical circuit diagrams.

· Schemes are drawn for products in the off position.

· Elements in the diagram are depicted in the form of UGO, the dimensions and line thickness of which are given in GOST 2.747-68 or in other relevant GOSTs. If necessary, all symbols can be proportionally increased or decreased (the distance between two adjacent lines must be at least 1 mm).

The location of UGO elements on the diagram should be determined by the ease of reading the diagram, as well as the need to depict the connections between the elements with the shortest lines with a minimum number of intersections. UGO is performed using combined or spaced methods. With the combined method, the components of the elements are shown on the diagram in close proximity to each other. With the spaced method, the UGO components of the elements are placed in different places of the circuit so that the individual circuits of the product are depicted most clearly. Using the spaced method, it is possible to draw both the entire diagram and individual elements.

· When drawing diagrams, the types of lines established by GOST 2.303-68 are used. A solid main line with a thickness of 0.5...1.0 mm depicts UGO, electrical communication lines, frame lines, main inscription, list of elements. A solid thin line is used to emphasize inscriptions, a dashed line is used to depict mechanical connection lines, a conventional image of identical elements connected in series.

· Each electrical element of the product shown in the diagram must be assigned an alphanumeric positional designation in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.710-81. According to the specified GOST, resistors are designated - R, capacitors - C, semiconductor devices - V, switches - S, etc. Serial numbers are assigned to elements, starting from one within a group of elements that have the same letter designations on the diagram, for example, R 1, R 2, R 3... (resistors), S 1, S 2... (switches). Numerical designations are not assigned if the diagram contains only one element of a given name.

The alphanumeric designation of elements is done in 3.5 or 5 font, and the height of letters and numbers must be the same. Serial numbers are assigned to the elements in accordance with the sequence of arrangement of the elements on the diagram from top to bottom in the direction from left to right. Positional designations are placed next to the symbolic graphic designations of the elements on the right side or above them. Alphanumeric symbols can only be printed horizontally.

· It is recommended to indicate on the diagram the characteristics of the input and output circuits of the product (frequency, voltage, current, etc.). Therefore, instead of conventional graphic symbols of connectors, a table of input or output data is performed. Each table is assigned a positional designation of the element, instead of the conventional graphic designation with which it is placed.

The first column of the table indicates the connector contact number. In the “Circuit” column, the characteristics of the product’s electrical circuits (frequency, voltage, etc.) are recorded. In Fig. 1a shows the sizes of the input and output data tables and an example of filling. For the convenience of depicting the diagram, the table can be mirrored, as shown in Fig. 1b.

The table is filled out in 3.5 or 5 font. The table of input or output data should be placed only horizontally.

Rice. 1. Sample of input and output data

Rice. 2. Example of a circuit diagram

The circuit is drawn for the device in the disabled state.

Elements of electrical devices are depicted on the diagram in the form of conventional alphabetic and graphic designations, which, if they are repeatedly used in the circuit, are also given a digital positional designation (for example, C2).

The dimensions of the conventional graphic symbols of the circuit elements are given in GOSTs 2.710 - 2.751., 2.755 - 68, where their dimensions are also given.

The thickness of the lines of conventional graphic images of elements (S) is selected in the range from 0.2 to 0.6 mm (when drawn on a natural scale).

The alphanumeric designation of the circuit element (GOST 2.710-81) is placed above its graphic designation, or to the right of it. The font height for letter and positional designations is the same.

The thickness of the outline of all elements of the circuit (including electrical circuits) is exactly the same throughout the entire drawing within the limits of the dimensions indicated earlier.

A sample of the task is shown in Fig. 2.

· the list of elements included in the diagram is made in the form of a table (Fig. 3) and placed on the first sheet of the diagram or executed in the form of an independent document in A4 format. In the latter case, the code for the list of elements must consist of the letter P and the code for the diagram for which the list is issued, for example, the code for the list of elements for the hydraulic circuit diagram - PGZ. At the same time, in the main inscription (column 1) indicate the name of the product, as well as the name of the document - “List of elements”; When making a list of elements on the first sheet of the diagram, it is usually placed above the main inscription. The distance between the list of elements and the main inscription must be at least 12 mm. The continuation of the list of elements is placed to the left of the main inscription, repeating the table header;

Rice. 3. Sample list of elements

· the table of the list of elements is filled in from top to bottom in groups in alphabetical order of letter positional designations: in the column “Pos. Designation" - positional designations of elements, devices and functional groups, in the "Name" column - for the element the name in accordance with the document on the basis of which this element is applied, and the designation of this document, for example, resistor MLT-0, 5-300 kOhm ± 5% GOST 7113-77, in the “Note” column it is recommended to indicate the technical data of the element that is not contained in its name;

Within each group, which has the same letter positional designations, the elements are arranged in ascending order of serial numbers. Elements of the same type with the same parameters, having sequential serial numbers on the diagram, can be written in the list in one line indicating the smallest and largest number, for example, C 8 ... C 12, and in the “Quantity” column - the total number of elements .

When writing elements of the same type, it is allowed not to repeat the name of the element in each line, but to write it in the form of a common name for the corresponding group of elements. The general name records the name, type and designation of the document on the basis of which these elements are applied.

Elements included in independent devices or functional groups are written down in the list of elements separately, starting with the name of the device or functional group, which is written in the “Name” column and underlined, and one free line should be left below the name of the device (functional group), above - at least one free line.

Connection diagram (E4)

The connection diagram (installation) determines the design of the electrical connections of the elements in the product. The diagram shows all the devices and elements included in the product, their input and output elements (connectors, boards, clamps, etc.) and the connections between them. Devices are designated in the form of rectangles or simplified external combinations, elements in the form of conventional graphic symbols established in ESCO standards, rectangles or simplified external combinations.

Input and output elements are represented by conventional graphic symbols. The location of images of input and output or pins inside the graphical symbols of devices and elements should approximately correspond to their actual location in the device or element.

The connection diagram of the radio receiver (Fig. 4,a), in contrast to the circuit diagram (Fig. 4,b), shows the following elements necessary for installation and operation of the product:

XS1 socket for connecting an antenna;

Socket XS1;

Connectors XT1, XT2 for connecting batteries;

Mounting stand X1.

Near the conventional graphic symbols of devices and elements, indicate the positional designations assigned to them on the circuit diagram.

Rice. 4. Examples of diagrams: a – connection diagram,

b – electrical circuit diagram

Layout (E7)

The layout determines the relative location of the component parts of the product, and, if necessary, also harnesses, wires, and cables. The diagram shows the component parts of the product and, if necessary, connections between them, as well as the structure, room or area on which these parts are located. The component parts of the product are depicted in the form of simplified external outlines or conventional graphic symbols, which are placed in accordance with the actual (!) placement of the product parts in the structure or on the ground.

Wires, harnesses and cables are depicted as separate lines, or simplified external outlines.

Near the images of devices and elements their names and types and (or) the designation of the document on the basis of which they are used are placed. If there are a large number of components, this information is recorded in the list of elements. In this case, the component parts of the product are assigned positional designations.

Layout diagrams can be made on sections of the structure, on sections or plans of buildings, or in axonometry.

In Fig. Figure 3 shows an electrical diagram of the location of the welding station, shown in axonometry. The welding station is shown in the interior of the office space.

A layout diagram is a calculation and graphic work performed by students independently in order to consolidate and deepen knowledge and develop the ability to apply the theoretical principles of the discipline being studied and the achievements of science and technology to solve specific practical problems.

The electrical engineering part of the project includes calculation and selection of an electric drive, selection of control and protection equipment, lighting calculations and selection of irradiation installations, calculation of electrical loads, selection of power sources and calculations of external and internal electrical networks.

The project should be based on the production premises and technology from currently existing standard projects. Using the data from these projects, the student is asked to draw up a table of the main technological equipment, in which it is necessary to indicate the serial number of the equipment according to the technological scheme, its name and brand, technical data, data on the electrical equipment of these machines and mechanisms.

Then, on the building plan (you can use the architectural and construction drawings of a standard project) it is necessary to show the location of the electrified technological equipment.

Rice. 5.Electrical equipment layout diagram

For example, electric motors are depicted in circles, with a positional designation next to them (Ml; M2; MZ, etc.), written in the numerator; and the denominator indicates the power in kilowatts (4.0; 7.5; 10, etc.).

In addition to the plan, the drawing contains a specification for the equipment, which is placed above the main inscription; a list (explication) of premises in the form of a table containing, for example, the following columns: “plan number”, “room”, “area, m2”, “category and class of premises according to the nature of the environment”; calculation and installation tables for power and lighting networks, notes, decoding of symbols for wiring routes, lamps, cabinets, etc.

When designing internal electrical wiring, we are guided by the industry standard OST 70.004.0013-81 “Electrical wiring of agricultural production facilities” and PUE.

First, you need to develop a power supply circuit for internal networks and provide a drawing of this circuit in the explanatory note. Then, depending on the nature of the environment, power electrical equipment is placed on the plan: electrical networks for powering electrical receivers and control devices for electric drives.

Familiarization with the implementation of layout diagrams in the course and diploma design process is necessary for students in a number of specialties.

9. Methodological support for the work “Design of electrical

diagram (circuit diagram, connections, location, etc.)”

When performing this work, students are given the following tasks:

1.Familiarize yourself with the rules for graphic design of design documents:

- “Electrical circuit diagram”;

- “Electrical connection diagram”;

- “Electrical layout diagram”.

2. Instill skills in graphic design of diagrams.

3. Instill skills in using regulatory, technical and reference information (GOSTs, OSTs, reference books).

In accordance with the assigned tasks, the student must:

1. Create a diagram with the least number of kinks and intersections of electrical communication lines.

2. Identify electrical and other elements included in the product using GOST ESKD specified earlier.

3. Label the circuit, circuit elements, input and output circuits.

4.Denote identical elements connected in series or parallel.

5. Complete the list of elements.

The task of completing coursework and diploma works on the design of diagrams is relevant, because In connection with complex automation, the proportion of design documents in the form of various diagrams is increasing, and knowledge of the conventions and rules of their design is an integral part of the general training of specialists in the specialty 110302 - Electrification and automation of agriculture.

Bibliography

1. GOST 2.701-84. Scheme. Types and types.

2. GOST 2.702-75. Rules for executing electrical circuits.

3. GOST 2.710-81. Alphanumeric designations in electrical circuits.

4. GOST 2.722-68; GOST 2.723-68; GOST 2.725-68; GOST 2.727-68; GOST 2.747-68; GOST 2.755-84 Symbols in diagrams.

5. Usatenko S.T. Execution of electrical circuits according to ESKD. Directory / S.T. Usatenko, T.K. Kachenyuk, M.V. Terekhova - M., 1989.

6. Kamnev V.N. Reading diagrams and drawings of electrical installations. - M.: Higher. school, 1990.

Applications

List of standards used when implementing schemes

GOST 2.701-84. Scheme. Types and types. General requirements for implementation.

GOST 2.702-75. Rules for executing electrical circuits.

GOST 2.703-68. Rules for executing kinematic schemes.

GOST 2.704-76. Rules for the implementation of hydraulic and pneumatic circuits.

GOST 2.708-81. Rules for the implementation of electrical circuits of digital computer technology.

GOST 2.710-81. Alphanumeric symbols used on electrical circuits.

GOST 2.721-74. Designations for general use.

GOST 2.722-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Electric cars.

GOST 2.723-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Inductors, chokes, transformers, autotransformers and magnetic amplifiers.

GOST 2.725-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Switching devices.

GOST 2.727-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Arresters; circuit breakers

GOST 2.728-74. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Resistors; capacitors

GOST 2.729-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Electrical measuring instruments.

GOST 2.730-73. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Semiconductor devices.

GOST 2.732-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Sources of light.

GOST 2.742-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Electric current sources.

GOST 2.743-91. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Elements of digital technology.

GOST 2.747-68. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Dimensions of conventional graphic symbols.

GOST 2.751-73. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Electrical connections, wires, cables and buses.

GOST 2.755-87. Conventional graphic symbols in electrical diagrams. Switching and contact connection devices.

GOST 2.756-76. Conditional graphic designations in schemes. Sensing part of electromechanical devices.

GOST 12.1.114-82. Symbols are conventional graphic. Fire engines and equipment.

ST SEV 158-75. Electrical diagrams. General requirements for implementation

ST SEV 527-77. Electrical diagrams. Classification, terms and definitions.

Table P-1

Dimensions of conventional graphic symbols. All geometric elements should be made with lines of the same thickness as the electrical communication lines GOST 2.728-74.

Name	Designation
1. Constant resistor
2. A constant resistor with additional taps: a) one
b) two
3. Variable resistor
4. Variable resistor with two moving contacts
5. Trimmer resistor
6. Functional potentiometer
7. Functional ring closed potentiometer: a) single-winding
b) multi-winding, for example, two-winding
8. Functional ring closed potentiometer with isolated section
9. Fixed capacitor
10. Electrolytic capacitor
11. Reference capacitor
12. Variable capacitor
13. Pass-through capacitor
14. Photoresistor: a) general designation
b) differential
15. Photodiode
16. Photothyristor
17. Phototransistor: a) PNP type
b) NPN type
18. Photocell
19. Photo battery
Table P-2 Dimensions (in a modular grid) of the main graphic symbols
Name	Designation
1. Diode
2. Thyristor diode
3. Triode thyristor
4. Transistor
5. Field effect transistor
6. Field effect transistor with insulated gate

Table P-3

Designations of elements in electrical circuit diagrams

code	element name	designation
A	busbars of high voltage switchgears	or
G GC	generator synchronous compensator
F.V.	arrester

T double-winding transformer T power transformer, two-winding with splitting of the low-voltage winding into two T three-phase three-winding transformer with voltage regulation under load frame grounding

detachable connection collapsible connection communication lines intersecting, not electrically connected electrical communication line with branches

Table P-4

Letters and symbolic graphic designations of electrical circuit elements

Switching and contact connection devices GOST 2.755 - 74

Single-pole switch with normally open contact

SA SB

Button

Single-pole switch with normally open contact

SA SB

Button

Two-pole automatic switch

S.A.

Relay coil

Relay NO contact

Dimensions see item 1

Relay NC contact

Dimensions see paragraph 2

Detachable connection contact (pin)

Detachable connection contact (socket)

Inductors, transformers GOST 2.723-68

Inductor

Transformer with core

See dimensions item 1

Coreless transformer

See dimensions item 1

Resistors, capacitors, fuses GOST 2.728-74

Resistor

Variable resistor

See dimensions item 1

Capacitor

WITH

Electrolytic capacitor

WITH

See dimensions item 3

Variable capacitor

WITH

See dimensions item 3

fuse

See dimensions item 1

Electrochemical current sources GOST 2.742-68

Galvanic or battery cell

Battery made of galvanic or rechargeable cells

G.B.

See dimensions item 1

Light sources GOST 2.732-68

Incandescent lighting

Incandescent signal lamp

H.L.

See dimensions item 1

Photosensitive and light-emitting semiconductor devices GOST 2.730-73

Photoresistor

See dimensions in item 4 and GOST 2.728-74

Photodiode

Light-emitting diode

See dimensions in item 4 and table in item 2

Luminous flux (symbol dimensions)

STATE STANDARDS OF THE USSR UNION

UNIFIED SYSTEM OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

RULES FOR EXECUTION OF SCHEME

GOST 2.702-75

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

By Resolution of the State Committee of Standards of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated September 7, 1975 No. 2584, the introduction date was established

from 01.07.77

This standard applies to electrical circuits of products from all industries, as well as electrical circuits of energy structures and establishes rules for their implementation manually or automatically. Types and types of schemes and general requirements for their implementation are in accordance with GOST 2.701-84. Alphanumeric designations in electrical circuits - according to GOST 2.710-81. The standard complies with ST SEV 1188-78 in terms of section. 2 - 4, 6 - 9 (see reference appendix).

1. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTING BLOCK DIAGRAMS

1.1. The block diagram shows all the main functional parts of the product (elements, devices and functional groups) and the main relationships between them. 1.2. The functional parts in the diagram are depicted in the form of a rectangle or conventional graphic symbols. 1.3. The graphical construction of the diagram should give the most visual representation of the sequence of interaction of functional parts in the product. On the interconnection lines, it is recommended to use arrows to indicate the direction of the processes occurring in the product. 1.4. The diagram must indicate the names of each functional part of the product if a rectangle is used to designate it. The diagram may indicate the type of element (device) and (or) the designation of the document (main design document, state standard, technical specifications) on the basis of which this element (device) is applied. When depicting functional parts in the form of rectangles, it is recommended to write names, types and designations inside the rectangles. 1.5. If there are a large number of functional parts, it is allowed, instead of names, types and designations, to put serial numbers to the right of the image or above it, as a rule, from top to bottom in the direction from left to right. In this case, names, types and designations are indicated in a table placed on the diagram field. 1.6. It is allowed to place explanatory inscriptions, diagrams or tables on the diagram that determine the sequence of processes in time, as well as indicate parameters at characteristic points (magnitudes of currents, voltages, shape and magnitude of pulses, mathematical dependencies, etc.).

2. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS

2.1. A functional diagram depicts the functional parts of a product (elements, devices and functional groups) involved in the process illustrated by the diagram, and the connections between these parts. 2.2. The functional parts and connections between them are depicted in the diagram in the form of conventional graphic symbols established in the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation. Individual functional parts may be depicted in the form of rectangles. 2.3. The graphical construction of the diagram should give the most visual representation of the sequence of processes illustrated by the diagram. 2.4. When performing a functional diagram, it is allowed to use the provisions specified in paragraphs. 3.6 - 3.15 and 3.24. 2.5. The diagram must indicate: for each functional group - the designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram and (or) its name; if a functional group is depicted in the form of a conventional graphic designation, then its name is not indicated; for each device shown in the form of a rectangle - the position designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram, its name and type and (or) designation of the document (main design document, state standard, technical specifications) on the basis of which this device is used; for each device depicted in the form of a conventional graphic designation - the position designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram, its type and (or) document designation; for each element - the position designation assigned to it on the circuit diagram, and (or) its type. The designation of the document on the basis of which the device is used and the type of element may not be indicated. It is recommended to write names, types and designations in rectangles. 2.6. It is recommended to indicate the technical characteristics of the functional parts on the diagram (next to the graphic symbols or in the free field of the diagram). 2.7. Explanatory inscriptions, diagrams or tables are placed on the diagram, defining the sequence of processes in time, and also indicate the parameters at characteristic points (magnitudes of currents, voltages, shape and magnitude of pulses, mathematical dependencies, etc.).

3. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPLE DIAGRAMS

3.1. The circuit diagram shows all the electrical elements or devices necessary to implement and control specified electrical processes in the product, all electrical connections between them, as well as electrical elements (connectors, clamps, etc.) that terminate the input and output circuits. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.2. The diagram may depict connecting and mounting elements installed in the product for structural reasons. 3.3. The circuits are performed for products in the off position. In technically justified cases, it is allowed to depict individual elements of the diagram in the selected operating position, indicating in the diagram field the mode for which these elements are depicted. 3.4. Elements and devices, the symbols of which are established in the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation, are depicted on the diagram in the form of these symbols. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.5. Elements or devices that are partially used in a product may be depicted incompletely on the diagram, limited to depicting only the parts or elements used. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.6. Elements and devices are depicted on diagrams in a combined or spaced manner. 3.7. With the combined method, the components of elements or devices are depicted on the diagram in close proximity to each other. 3.8. With the spaced method, the components of elements and devices or individual elements of devices are depicted on the diagram in different places so that the individual circuits of the product are depicted most clearly. It is allowed to depict all and individual elements or devices in an exploded manner. When executing diagrams, it is recommended to use the line method. In this case, the conventional graphic designations of elements or their components included in one circuit are depicted sequentially one after another in a straight line, and individual circuits are shown side by side, forming parallel (horizontal or vertical) lines. When executing the diagram in a line-by-line manner, it is allowed to number the lines in Arabic numerals (Fig. 1).

Crap. 1. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.9. When depicting elements or devices in a spaced manner, it is allowed to place conventional graphic symbols of elements or devices made in a combined way on the free field of the diagram. In this case, elements or devices partially used in the product are depicted in full, indicating the used and unused parts or elements (for example, all contacts of a multi-contact relay). The terminals (contacts) of unused elements (parts) are shown shorter than the terminals (contacts) of used elements (parts) (Fig. 2).

(New edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.10. Schemes are performed in a multi-linear or single-line image. 3.11. With a multilinear image, each circuit is depicted as a separate line, and the elements contained in these circuits are represented by separate graphic symbols (Fig. 3a). 3.12. In a single-line drawing, circuits that perform identical functions are depicted with one line, and identical elements of these circuits are depicted with one conventional graphic symbol (Fig. 3b). 3.13. If necessary, electrical circuits are indicated on the diagram. These designations must comply with the requirements of GOST 2.709-89 or other regulatory and technical documents in force in industries.

A- multi-line image; b- single-line image.

Crap. 3. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.14. When depicting different functional circuits on one diagram, it is possible to distinguish them by line thickness. It is recommended to use no more than three line thicknesses on one diagram. If necessary, appropriate explanations are placed in the diagram field. 3.15. To simplify the diagram, it is possible to merge several electrically unconnected connection lines into a group communication line, but when approaching the contacts (elements), each communication line is depicted as a separate line. When merging communication lines, each line is marked at the junction, and, if necessary, at both ends with symbols (numbers, letters or a combination of letters and numbers) or symbols adopted for electrical circuits (see clause 3.13). Line designations are set in accordance with the requirements given in GOST 2.751-73. Electrical communication lines merged into a group communication line, as a rule, should not have branches, i.e. Each conditional number must appear on the group communication line twice. If branches are necessary, their number is indicated after the serial number of the line through a fractional line (Fig. 3a).

3.16. Each element and (or) device that has an independent circuit diagram and is considered as an element included in the product and shown in the diagram must have a designation (position designation) in accordance with GOST 2.710-81. It is recommended that devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams and functional groups be assigned designations in accordance with GOST 2.710-81. 3.15, 3.16. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.17. Position designations should be assigned to elements (devices) within the product (installation). 3.18. Serial numbers for elements (devices) should be assigned, starting from one, within a group of elements (devices) that are assigned the same letter position designation in the diagram, for example, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 etc., C 1 , C 2 , C3 etc. 3.19. Serial numbers must be assigned in accordance with the sequence of arrangement of elements or devices on the diagram from top to bottom in the direction from left to right. If necessary, it is possible to change the sequence of assigning serial numbers depending on the placement of elements in the product, the direction of signal flow or the functional sequence of the process. When changes are made to the schema, the sequence of assigning serial numbers may be disrupted. 3.20. Positional designations are placed on the diagram next to the symbolic graphic designations of elements and (or) devices on the right side or above them. 3.21. On a diagram of a product that includes devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams, it is allowed to assign positional designations to elements within each device. If the product includes several identical devices, then position designations should be assigned to the elements within these devices. Serial numbers should be assigned to elements according to the rules established in clause 3.18. Elements not included in the device are assigned positional designations starting from one, according to the rules established in paragraphs. 3.17 - 3.19. 3.22. On the diagram of a product, which includes functional groups, positional designations are assigned to elements according to the rules established in paragraphs. 3.17 - 3.19, in this case, first assign positional designations to elements not included in the functional groups, and then to elements included in the functional groups. If a product contains several identical functional groups, the position designations of elements assigned in one of these groups should be repeated in all subsequent groups. The designation of the functional group, assigned in accordance with GOST 2.710-81, is indicated near the image of the functional group (top or right). 3.23. When depicting an element or device on a diagram in an exploded manner, the position designation of the element or device is placed near each component (Fig. 4).

If the field of the diagram is divided into zones or the diagram is made in a line-by-line manner, then to the right of the positional designation or under the positional designation of each component part of an element or device, it is allowed to indicate in brackets the zone designations or line numbers in which all other components of this element or device are shown (Fig. . 5).

3.21 - 3.23. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.24. It is allowed, if this does not complicate the diagram, to connect separately depicted parts of the elements with a mechanical connection line, indicating that they belong to one element. In this case, the positional designations of the elements are placed at one or both ends of the mechanical connection line. 3.25. When depicting individual elements of devices in different places, the positional designations of these elements must include the positional designation of the device into which they are included, for example, = A 3 -WITH 5 - capacitor C 5 included in the device A 3. 3.26. When using a spaced method of depicting a functional group (if necessary, also with a combined method), the designation of the elements included in this group must include the designation of the functional group, for example, ¹ T 1 - WITH 5 - capacitor C 5 , included in the functional group T 1. 3.27. With a single-line image, near one conventional graphic symbol, replacing several conventional graphic symbols of identical elements or devices, indicate the positional designations of all these elements or devices. If the same elements or devices are not located in all circuits shown single-line, then to the right of the reference designation or below it in square brackets indicate the designations of the circuits in which these elements or devices are located (see Fig. 3). 3.28. The schematic diagram must clearly identify all the elements and devices included in the product and shown in the diagram. Data about the elements must be recorded in the list of elements. In this case, the connection of the list with the conventional graphic designations of the elements should be carried out through positional designations. In some cases, established in state or industry standards, it is allowed to place all information about the elements next to the conventional graphic symbols. 3.27., 3.28. 3.29. - 3.33. (Excluded, Amendment No. 2). 3.34. In case of a complex entry, for example, when a device that does not have an independent circuit diagram includes one or more devices that have independent circuit diagrams and (or) functional groups, or if a functional group includes one or more devices, etc., then in the list of elements in the “Name” column, before the names of devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams and functional groups, it is allowed to enter serial numbers (i.e., similar to the designation of sections, subsections, etc.) within the entire product diagram (Fig. 9a). ( cm. With. 336 ). If in the diagram the positional designation of an element includes the positional designation of a device, or the designation of a functional group, then in the list of elements in the column “Pos. designation" indicate the element designator without the device designation or functional group designation. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.35. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2). 3.36. When indicating the values of resistors and capacitors near the symbolic graphic symbols (Fig. 11), it is allowed to use a simplified method of designating units of measurement. for resistors from 0 to 999 Ohms - without indicating units of measurement, from 1 × 10 3 to 999 × 10 3 Ohms - in kiloohms with the unit of measurement indicated by a lowercase letter k, from 1 10 6 to 999 × 10 6 Ohms - in megaohms with designation of the unit of measurement with the capital letter M, over 1 × 10 9 Ohms - in gigaohms with the designation of the unit of measurement with the capital letter G; for capacitors from 0 to 9999 × 12 -12 F - in picofarads without indicating the unit of measurement, from 1 × 10 -8 to 9999 × 10 -6 F - in microfarads with the unit of measurement indicated in lowercase letters mk. 3.37. The diagram should indicate the designations of the terminals (contacts) of the elements (devices) printed on the product or installed in their documentation. If the design of the element (device) and its documentation do not indicate the designations of the pins (contacts), then it is allowed to conditionally assign designations to them on the diagram, repeating them later in the corresponding design documents.

* Crap. 6 - 9 are excluded. - When conditionally assigning designations to pins and contacts, a corresponding explanation is placed in the diagram field. When depicting several identical elements (devices) on a diagram, the designations of pins (contacts) are allowed to be indicated on one of them.

* Crap. 10 excluded. In the spaced method of depicting identical elements (devices), the pin designations (contacts) are indicated on each component part of the element (device). To distinguish the terminal (contact) designations on the diagram from other designations (circuit designations, etc.), it is allowed to write the terminal (contact) designations with a qualifying symbol in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.710-81. 3.38. When depicting an element or device in a spaced manner, an explanatory inscription is placed near one component of the product or on the diagram field near the image of an element or device made in a combined method. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.39. It is recommended to indicate on the diagram the characteristics of the input and output circuits of the product (frequency, voltage, current, resistance, inductance, etc.), as well as the parameters to be measured at the control contacts, sockets, etc. If it is impossible to indicate the characteristics or parameters of the input and output circuits of the product, then it is recommended to indicate the name of the circuits or controlled quantities. 3.40. If a product is obviously intended to operate only in a specific product (installation), then the diagram may indicate the addresses of external connections of the input and output circuits of this product. The address must ensure unambiguous connection, for example, if the output contact of the product must be connected to the fifth contact of the third connector of the device A, then the address should be written as follows: = A - X3 :5 . It is allowed to indicate the address in a general form if the unambiguous connection is ensured, for example, “Device A". 3.41. It is recommended to record the characteristics of the input and output circuits of the product, as well as the addresses of their external connections, in tables placed instead of conventional graphic symbols of input and output elements - connectors, boards, etc. (Figure 12).

Each table is assigned a positional designation of the element, instead of the conventional graphic designation of which it is placed. Above the table it is allowed to indicate a conventional graphic designation of a contact - a socket or a pin. Tables can be executed in a spaced manner. The order of the contacts in the table is determined by the convenience of constructing the circuit. It is allowed to place tables with the characteristics of circuits if the diagram contains conventional graphic symbols of input and output elements - connectors, boards, etc. (Figure 13).

It is recommended to place similar tables on lines depicting input and output circuits and not ending with connectors, boards, etc. on the diagram. In this case, positional designations are not assigned to the tables. Notes: 1. If there are several tables in the diagram, it is allowed to show the head of the table only in one of them. 2. If there are no characteristics of the input and output circuits or addresses of their external connection, the table does not provide a column with this data. If necessary, additional columns can be entered into the table. 3. It is allowed to enter in the “Contact” column. several consecutive contact numbers if they are connected to each other. Contact numbers are separated by a comma. 3.42. When depicting multi-contact connectors on a diagram, it is allowed to use conventional graphic symbols that do not show individual contacts (GOST 2.755-87). Information about the connection of connector contacts is indicated in one of the following ways: - near the image of the connectors, on the free field of the diagram or on subsequent sheets of the diagram, place tables in which the connection address is indicated [circuit designation (Fig. 14a) and (or) positional designation of the elements connected to this contact (Fig. 14b)]. If necessary, the table indicates the characteristics of the circuits and the addresses of external connections (Fig. 14a). If tables are placed on the diagram field or on subsequent sheets, then they are assigned positional designations of the connectors to which they are compiled.

The following data is indicated in the columns of the tables: in the column “Cont.” - connector contact number. Contact numbers are written in ascending order; in the “Address” column - designation of the circuit and (or) position designation of the elements connected to the contacts. in the “Chain” column - the characteristics of the circuit; in the “External address” column - the address of the external connection; - connections with connector contacts are depicted in a spaced manner (Fig. 15).

Crap. 15. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). Notes: 1. Dots connected by a dashed line to a connector indicate connections to the corresponding pins of that connector. 2. If necessary, the characteristics of the circuits are placed on the free field of the diagram above the continuation of the communication lines. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3). 3.38. - 3.42. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.43. When depicting elements on the diagram whose parameters are selected during regulation, asterisks are placed next to the positional designations of these elements on the diagram and in the list of elements (for example R 1* ), and a footnote is placed in the diagram field: “* Selected during regulation.” The list should contain elements whose parameters are closest to the calculated ones. The limit values of element parameters allowed during selection are indicated in the list in the “Note” column. If the parameter selected during regulation is provided by elements of various types, then these elements are listed in the technical requirements in the diagram field, and the following data is indicated in the columns of the list of elements: in the “Name” column - the name of the element and the parameter closest to the calculated one; in the “Note” column - a link to the corresponding paragraph of the technical requirements and the limit values of the parameters allowed during selection. 3.44., 3.45. (Excluded, Amendment No. 2). 3.46. If a parallel or serial connection is made to obtain a certain parameter value (capacitance or resistance of a certain value), then in the list of elements in the “Notes” column indicate the general (total) parameter of the elements (for example, R = 151 kOhm). 3.47. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2). 3.48. When depicting a device (or devices) in the form of a rectangle, it is allowed to place tables with the characteristics of input and output circuits in the rectangle instead of conventional graphic designations of input and output elements (Fig. 18), and outside the rectangle it is allowed to place tables indicating the addresses of external connections (Fig. 19 ). If necessary, additional columns can be entered into the tables.

* Crap. 16, 17 excluded. Each table is assigned a positional designation of the element, instead of the conventional graphic designation of which it is placed. In the table, instead of the word “Cont.” it is allowed to place a conventional graphic designation of the connector contact (see Fig. 19); - on the product diagram, it is allowed to place structural or functional diagrams of devices in rectangles representing devices, or to repeat their circuit diagrams in whole or in part. The elements of these devices are not included in the list of elements. If a product includes several identical devices, then it is recommended to place the device diagram in a free field of the product diagram (and not in a rectangle) with the appropriate inscription, for example: “Block diagram A1 - A4”. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 3.49. - 3.51. (Excluded, Amendment No. 2). 3.52. On the diagram field it is allowed to place instructions on the brands, sections and colors of wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) that should be used to connect the elements, as well as instructions on the specific requirements for the electrical installation of this product. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

4. RULES FOR EXECUTION OF CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

4.1. The connection diagram must show all devices and elements included in the product, their input and output elements (connectors, boards, clamps, etc.), as well as connections between these devices and elements. 4.2. Devices and elements in the diagram are depicted: devices - in the form of rectangles or simplified external outlines; elements - in the form of conventional graphic symbols, rectangles or simplified external outlines. When depicting elements in the form of rectangles or simplified external outlines, it is allowed to place conventional graphic symbols of the elements inside them. Input and output elements are depicted in the form of conventional graphic symbols. It is allowed to depict input and output elements according to the rules established in paragraphs. 3.41, 3.42 and 3.48. 4.1., 4.2. (Changed edition, Rev., No. 2). 4.3. The location of graphic symbols of devices and elements on the diagram should approximately correspond to the actual placement of elements and devices in the product. The arrangement of images of input and output elements or terminals within graphic symbols and devices or elements should approximately correspond to their actual placement in the device or element. It is allowed on the diagram not to reflect the location of devices and elements in the product if the diagram is made on several sheets or the placement of devices and elements at the site of operation is unknown. 4.4. Elements that are partially used in the product may be depicted incompletely on the diagram, limited to depicting only the parts used. 4.5. On the diagram, next to the graphic designations of devices and elements, indicate the position designations assigned to them on the circuit diagram. Near or inside the graphic designation of the device, it is allowed to indicate its name and type and (or) the designation of the document on the basis of which the device was used. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 4.6. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2). 4.7. The diagram should indicate the designations of the terminals (contacts) of the elements (devices) printed on the product or installed in their documentation. If the design of a device or element and its documentation do not indicate the designations of input and output elements (outputs), then it is allowed to conditionally assign designations to them on the diagram, repeating them later in the corresponding design documents. When conditionally assigning designations to input and output elements (outputs), a corresponding explanation is placed in the diagram field. When depicting several identical devices on a diagram, it is allowed to indicate the terminals on one of them (for example, the pinout of electric vacuum devices). 4.8. Devices and elements with the same external connections may be depicted on a diagram indicating the connection for only one device or element. 4.9. Devices that have independent connection diagrams may be depicted on the product diagram without showing the connection of wires and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) to the input and output elements. 4.10. When depicting connectors on a diagram, it is allowed to use conventional graphic symbols that do not show individual contacts (GOST 2.755-87). In this case, near the image of the connector, on the diagram field or on subsequent sheets of the diagram, tables are placed indicating the connection of the contacts (Fig. 20). When placing tables on the diagram field or on subsequent sheets, they are assigned the positional designations of the connectors in addition to which they are compiled.

Crap. 20. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). It is allowed to enter additional columns into the table (for example, wire data). If a harness (cable - stranded wire, electrical cord, group of wires) connects connector contacts of the same name, then it is permissible to place a table near one end of the image of the bundle (cable - stranded wire, electrical cord, group of wires). If information about connecting contacts is given in the connection table, then tables indicating the connection of contacts may not be placed in the diagram. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3). 4.11. On the product diagram, within rectangles or simplified external outlines depicting devices, it is allowed to depict their structural, functional or circuit diagrams. 4.12. If there is no schematic diagram of the product on the connection diagram, positional designations are assigned to devices, as well as elements that are not included in the schematic diagrams of the component parts of the product, according to the rules established in paragraphs. 3.16 - 3.20, and write them down in the list of elements. 4.9. - 4.12. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 4.13. On the product connection diagram it is allowed to show external connections of the product according to the rules established in paragraphs. 5.8, 5.9. 4.14. Wires, groups of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) must be shown on the diagram as separate lines. The thickness of the lines representing wires, harnesses and cables (multi-core electrical wires) on the diagrams should be from 0.4 to 1 mm. To simplify the drawing of the diagram, it is allowed to merge individual wires or cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) running in one direction on the diagram into a common line. When approaching the contacts, each wire and core of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) is depicted as a separate line. It is allowed that lines depicting wires, groups of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are not drawn or cut off near the connection points if their image makes it difficult to read the diagram. In these cases, on the diagram near the connection points (Fig. 21) or in the table in the free field of the diagram (Fig. 22), information is placed in a volume sufficient to ensure an unambiguous connection.

Crap. 22. (New edition, Amendment No. 3). 4.15. On the diagram of a product that includes multi-contact elements, lines representing bundles (cables - stranded wires, electrical cords, groups of wires) can only be extended to the outline of the graphic designation of the element, without showing connections to the contacts. Instructions for connecting wires or cable cores (stranded wire, electrical cord) to the contacts are given in this case in one of the following ways; at the contacts, the ends of the lines representing the wires or cores of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) are shown, and their designations are indicated. The ends of the lines are directed towards the corresponding harness, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), group of wires (Fig. 23); A table indicating the connection of contacts is placed next to the image of the multi-contact element. The table is connected by a leader line with the corresponding harness, cable, (stranded wire, electrical cord) group of wires (Fig. 24). 4.16. The input elements through which the wires pass (group of wires, bundles, cables - stranded wires, electrical cords) are depicted in the form of conventional graphic symbols established in the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation.

A- line representing a wire (group of wires, harness, cable - stranded wire, electrical cord)

Bushings, sealed bushings, and seals are depicted in the form of conventional graphic symbols shown in Fig. 25. 4.14 - 4.16. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 4.17. The diagram should indicate the designations of the input elements printed on the product. If the designations of the input elements are not indicated in the product design, then it is allowed to conditionally assign them designations on the connection diagram, repeating them in the corresponding design documentation. In this case, the necessary explanations are placed in the diagram field. 4.18. Single-core wires, bundles, cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) must be designated by serial numbers within the product. Wires, bundles, cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) should be numbered separately. In this case, the wires included in the bundle are numbered within the bundle, and the cores of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) are numbered within the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord). Notes: 1. Continuous numbering of all wires and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) within the product is allowed. 2. Continuous numbering of individual wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) within the product is allowed. In this case, the wires included in the bundle are numbered within the bundle, and the cores of the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) are numbered within the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord). 3. It is allowed not to designate bundles, cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) and individual wires if the product for which the diagram is being drawn up is included in the complex and the designations for the bundles, cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) and wires will be assigned within the entire complex . 4. It is allowed to assign designations to groups of wires. 4.19. If on the circuit diagram electrical circuits are assigned designations in accordance with GOST 2.709-89, then all single-core wires, cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) and harness wires are assigned the same designations. In this case, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are designated in accordance with the requirements of clause 4.18. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 3). 4.20. In the diagram, using an alphanumeric designation, it is possible to determine the functional affiliation of a wire, harness or cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) to a specific complex, room or functional circuit. An alphanumeric designation is placed before the designation of each wire, harness, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), separating it with a hyphen. In this case, the letter (alphanumeric) designation is part of the designation of each wire, harness and cable (stranded wire, electrical cord). A hyphen may be omitted from the designation if this does not make the diagram unclear. If all the wires, harnesses, cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) shown in the diagram belong to the same complex, room or functional circuit, then the letter (alphanumeric) designation is not put down, but a corresponding explanation is placed in the diagram field. 4.21. The numbers of wires and cable cores (stranded wires, electrical cords) are usually placed on the diagram near both ends of the images. The numbers of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) are placed in circles placed in the breaks in the images of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) near the points where the conductors branch. The harness numbers are placed on the shelves of leader lines near the places where the wires branch. The numbers of wire groups are placed next to the leader lines. Notes: 1. When designating cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) in accordance with the requirements of clause 4.20, as well as when there is a large number of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) running in one direction on the diagram, the numbers of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) place lines without a circle in the gap. 2. When depicting wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) of a large length on the diagram, numbers are placed at intervals determined by the ease of use of the diagram. 4.22. The diagram must indicate: for single-core wires - brand, cross-section and, if necessary, color; for cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) recorded in the specification as material, the brand, number and cross-section of cores and, if necessary, the number of occupied cores. The number of occupied cores is indicated in a rectangle placed to the right of the cable data designation (stranded wire, electrical cord); for harnesses, cables and wires manufactured according to drawings - designation of the main design document. The diagram shows the characteristics of the input and output circuits of devices and elements or other initial data necessary for selecting specific wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords), if, when developing a circuit diagram of the complex, data on wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) cannot be determined. It is recommended to indicate the characteristics of input and output circuits in the form of tables (clause 3.41), placed instead of conventional graphic symbols of input and output elements. 4.23. Data (brand, cross-section, etc.) about wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) is indicated near the lines depicting wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords). In this case, it is permissible not to assign designations to wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords). When indicating data on wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) in the form of symbols, these symbols are deciphered on the diagram field. The same brand, cross-section and other data on all or most wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) may be indicated in the diagram field. 4.24. If the diagram does not indicate the connection points (for example, individual contacts are not shown in the image of the connectors) or it is difficult to find the connection points of the wires and cable cores (stranded wire, electrical cord), then data on the wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) and the addresses of their connections are summarized in a table called the “Connection Table”. The connection table should be placed on the first sheet of the diagram or executed as a separate document. The connection table, placed on the first sheet of the diagram, is usually placed above the main inscription. The distance between the table and the main inscription must be at least 12 mm. The continuation of the connection table is placed to the left of the main inscription, repeating the head of the table. The connection table in the form of an independent document is carried out in A4 format. The main inscription and additional columns to it are carried out in accordance with GOST 2.104-68 (form 2 and 2a). 4.25. The form of the connection table is chosen by the circuit designer depending on the information that needs to be placed on the circuit (Fig. 26). The following data is indicated in the columns of the tables: in the column “Wire designation” - the designation of a single-core wire, cable core (multi-core wire, electrical, cord) or wire harness; in the columns “Where it comes from”, “Where it goes” - conventional alphanumeric designations of the connected elements or devices; in the “Connections” column - conventional alphanumeric designations of the elements or devices being connected, separated by a comma; in the column “Wire Data”: for a single-core wire - brand, cross-section and, if necessary, color in accordance with the document on the basis of which it is used; for a cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), recorded in the specification as a material, - brand, cross-section and number of cores in accordance with the document on the basis of which the cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) is used; in the “Note” column - additional clarifying data. Notes: 1. The dimensions of the columns are recommended. 2. It is allowed to divide graphs into subgraphs. 4.26. When filling out the connection table, you should adhere to the following order: when making connections with separate wires, write the wires in the table in ascending order of the numbers assigned to them;

When making connections with wire harnesses or cable cores (stranded wires, electrical cords), a title is placed before recording the wires of each bundle or cores of each cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), for example: “Harness 1” or “Harness ABVG.ХХХХХХ.032”; “Cable 3” or “Cable ABVG.ХХХХХХ.042”; "Wire 5". The wires of a cable harness or core (stranded wire, electrical cord) are recorded in ascending order of the numbers assigned to the wires or cores; when making connections with individual wires, wire harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords), the individual wires (without headers) are first recorded in the connection table, and then (with appropriate headings) the wire harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords); if insulating tubes, shielding braids, etc. must be put on individual wires, then the corresponding instructions are placed in the “Note” column. It is allowed to place these instructions on the diagram field. Note. When using a wiring diagram for electrical installation purposes only, a different notation may be permitted if specified in industry standards. 4.27. On the connection diagram, near both ends of the lines depicting individual wires, wires of bundles and cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords), it is allowed to indicate the address of the connections. In this case, the connection table is not compiled. Designations may not be assigned to wires. 4.28. In the diagram field above the main inscription, it is allowed to place the necessary technical instructions, for example: requirements on the inadmissibility of joint laying of certain wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords); the minimum permissible distances between wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords); data on the specificity of laying and protecting wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords), etc. 4.18. - 4.28. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

5. RULES FOR EXECUTION OF CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

5.1. The connection diagram must show the product, its input and output elements (connectors, clamps, etc.) and the ends of the wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) connected to them for external installation, near which information about connecting the product is placed [characteristics external circuits and (or) addresses]. 5.2. The product in the diagram is depicted as a rectangle, and its input and output elements are represented as conventional graphic symbols. It is allowed to depict the product in the form of simplified external outlines. In this case, the input and output elements are depicted in the form of simplified external outlines. 5.1, 5.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 5.3. The placement of images of input and output elements inside the graphic designation of the product should approximately correspond to their actual placement in the product. 5.4. The diagram must indicate the positional designations of the input and output elements assigned to them on the circuit diagram of the product. 5.5. Input elements (for example, seals, sealed leads, bushings) through which wires or cables pass (multi-core wires, electrical cords) are shown on the diagram according to the rules established in clause 4.16. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 5.6. The diagram should indicate the designations of the input, output or output elements printed on the product. If the designations of the input, output and output elements are not indicated in the product design, then it is allowed to conditionally assign them designations on the diagram, repeating them in the corresponding design documentation. In this case, the necessary explanations are placed in the diagram field. 5.7. On the diagram, next to the graphic symbols of the connectors to which the wires and cables are connected (stranded wires, electrical cords), it is allowed to indicate the names of these connectors and (or) the designations of the documents on the basis of which they are used. 5.8. Wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) must be shown in separate lines on the diagram. 5.9. If necessary, the diagram indicates the brands, cross-sections, colors of the wires, as well as the brands of cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords), the number, cross-section and occupancy of the cores. When indicating the brands, sections and colors of wires in the form of symbols on the diagram field, these symbols are deciphered. 5.7. - 5.9. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

6. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL SCHEMES

6.1. The general diagram shows the devices and elements included in the complex, as well as the wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) connecting these devices and elements. 6.2. Devices and elements in the diagram are depicted in the form of rectangles. It is allowed to depict elements in the form of conventional graphic symbols or simplified external outlines, and devices - in the form of simplified external outlines. The location of graphic symbols, devices and elements on the diagram should approximately correspond to the actual placement of elements and devices in the product. It is allowed on the diagram not to reflect the location of devices and elements in the product if their location at the site of operation is unknown. In these cases, graphic symbols of devices and elements must be arranged in such a way as to ensure simplicity and clarity of display of electrical connections between them. 6.1, 6.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 6.3. On graphic designations of devices and elements, input, output and input elements are depicted according to the rules established in paragraphs. 4.10, 4.16. The location of conventional graphic symbols of input, output and input elements inside the images of devices and elements should approximately correspond to their actual placement in the product. If, to ensure clarity of the display of connections, the location of the graphic symbols of these elements does not correspond to their actual placement in the product, then an appropriate explanation must be placed in the diagram field. 6.4. The diagram must indicate: for each device or element depicted in the form of a rectangle or a simplified external outline - its name and type and (or) designation of the document on the basis of which they are applied; for each element depicted in the form of a conventional graphic symbol, its type and (or) document designation. If there are a large number of devices and elements, it is recommended to record this information in the list of elements. In this case, positional designations are placed next to the graphic designations of devices and elements. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 6.5. It is recommended to list devices and elements grouped into posts and (or) premises in a list by post and (or) premises. 6.6. The diagram should indicate the designations of the input, output and input elements printed on the product. If the designations of input, output and input elements are not indicated in the product design, then it is allowed to conditionally assign designations to these elements in the diagram, repeating them in the corresponding design documentation. In this case, the necessary explanations are placed in the diagram field. 6.7. On the diagram it is allowed to indicate the designations of connector documents on the shelves of leader lines, as well as the number of connector contacts, using their following conventional graphic designation (Fig. 27).

(New edition, Amendment No. 3). 6.8. Wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) must be shown on the diagram as separate lines and designated separately by serial numbers within the product. Continuous numbering of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) within the product is allowed if the wires included in the bundles are numbered within each bundle. If on the circuit diagram the electrical circuits are assigned designations in accordance with GOST 2.709-72, then all single-core wires, cable cores (multi-core wires, electrical cords) and harness wires are assigned the same designations. 6.9. If the product for which the circuit is being developed includes several complexes, then single-core wires, cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) and bundles should be numbered within each complex. The belonging of a single-core wire, bundle, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) to a specific complex is determined using an alphanumeric designation placed before the number of each single-core wire, bundle and cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) separated by a hyphen. 6.10. It is allowed on the diagram, using an alphanumeric designation, to determine the belonging of a wire, harness or cable (stranded wire, electrical cord) to certain rooms or functional circuits according to the rules established in clause 4.20. 6.11. The numbers of single-core wires in the diagram are placed near the ends of the images; numbers of single-core short wires, which are clearly visible in the diagram, can be placed near the middle of the images. 6.12. The numbers of cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are indicated in circles placed in the breaks in the images of cables (stranded wires, electrical cords). Note. When designating cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 6.9, 6.10, the designations do not fit into the circle. 6.7 - 6.12. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 6.13. The harness numbers are placed on the shelves of the leader lines. 6.14. In the diagram next to the image of single-core wires, bundles and cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords), the following data is indicated: for single-core wires - brand, cross-section and, if necessary, color; for cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) recorded in the specification as material - brand, number and cross-section of cores; for wires, cables and harnesses made according to drawings - designation of the main design document. If, when developing a diagram, data on wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) laid during installation cannot be determined, then the diagram provides appropriate explanations indicating the initial data necessary for selecting specific wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) ). If there are a large number of connections, it is recommended to write down the specified information in the list of wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords). 6.15. The list of wires, harnesses and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) (Fig. 28) is placed on the first sheet of the diagram, usually above the main inscription or made in the form of subsequent sheets.

The following data is indicated in the columns of the list: in the “Designation” column - designation of the main design document of the wire, cable (stranded wire, electrical cord), harness made according to the drawings; in the “Note” column - cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) supplied with the complex or laid during its installation; cables (multi-core wires, electrical cords) laid during installation may not be included in the list. 6.14, 6.15. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 6.16. If possible, the general diagram should be done on one sheet of paper. If the diagram, due to the complexity of the product, cannot be made on one sheet, then: on the first sheet the product as a whole is drawn, depicting posts and (or) premises with conventional outlines and showing connections between posts and (or) premises. Inside the conventional outlines of posts and (or) premises, only those devices and elements are depicted to which wires and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) connecting posts and (or) premises are supplied. On other sheets, diagrams of individual posts and (or) premises or groups of posts and (or) premises are completely drawn; the general diagram of each complex is performed on a separate sheet if the product includes several complexes. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).

7. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTING LAYOUT DIAGRAMS

7.1. The layout diagram shows the component parts of the product, and, if necessary, the connections between them, the structure, room or area on which these components will be located. 7.2. The components of the product are depicted in the form of simplified external outlines or conventional graphic symbols. 7.3. Wires, groups of wires, bundles and cables (stranded wires, electrical cords) are depicted as separate lines or simplified external outlines. 7.2, 7.3. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). 7.4. The arrangement of graphic designations of the component parts of the product on the diagram should provide a correct idea of their actual placement in the structure, room, or area. 7.5. When making a layout diagram, it is allowed to use various construction methods (axonometry, plan, conditional development, section of the structure, etc.). 7.6. The diagram must indicate: for each device or element depicted in the form of a simplified external outline - its name and type and (or) designation of the document on the basis of which they are applied; for each element depicted in the form of a conventional graphic symbol, its type and (or) document designation. If there are a large number of devices and elements, it is recommended to record this information in the list of elements. In this case, positional designations are placed next to the graphic designations of devices and elements. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2). Sec. 8. (Deleted, Amendment No. 2).

APPLICATION

Information

Information data on compliance with GOST 2.702-75 ST SEV 1188-78

Section number GOST 2.702-75	Section number ST SEV 1188-78	Section number GOST 2.702-75	Section number ST SEV 1188-78

(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 2).

UNIFIED SYSTEM OF DESIGN DOCUMENTATION

RULES FOR EXECUTION OF SCHEME

GOST 2.701-84

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS

STATE STANDARDS OF THE USSR UNION

Unified system of design documentation GOST

SCHEME 2.701-84

Types and types. General requirements for implementation

Unified system for design documentation

Diagrams. Kinds and types.(ST SEV 651-77)

General requirements for fulfillment

In return

GOST 2.701-76

By Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated August 29, 1984 No. 3038, the introduction date was established

from 01.07.85

This standard applies to circuits performed manually or automatically, products of all industries, as well as electrical circuits of power structures of power plants, electrical equipment of industrial enterprises, etc.), establishes the types and types of circuits and general requirements for their implementation.

Explanations of terms used in the standard are given in Reference Appendix 1.

The standard fully complies with ST SEV 651-77.

1. TYPES AND TYPES OF SCHEMES

1.1. Schemes, depending on the types of elements and connections included in the product (installation), are divided into the following types:

electrical;

hydraulic;

pneumatic;

gas (except pneumatic);

kinematic;

vacuum;

optical;

energy;

divisions;

combined,

Notes :

1. For a product that includes elements of different types, several circuits of the corresponding types of the same type are developed, for example, an electrical circuit diagram and a hydraulic circuit diagram, or one combined circuit containing elements and connections of different types.

2. On a diagram of one type it is allowed to depict elements of circuits of another type that directly affect the operation of the circuit of this type, as well as elements and devices that are not included in the product (installation) for which the diagram is drawn up, but which are necessary to explain the principles of operation of the product (installations).

Graphic designations of such elements and devices are separated on the diagram by dash-dotted lines equal in thickness to communication lines, and inscriptions are placed indicating the location of these elements, as well as the necessary data.

3. A diagram of dividing the product into its component parts (division diagram) is issued to determine the composition of the product.

1.2. Schemes, depending on their main purpose, are divided into the following types:

structural;

functional;

fundamental (complete);

connections (installation);

connections;

are common;

location;

united.

Note . The names of the types of circuits indicated in brackets are established for electrical circuits of power structures.

1.3. The name and code of the circuits determine their type and type.

The name of a combined scheme is determined by the combined types of schemes and types of scheme.

The name of the combined scheme is determined by the type of scheme and the combined types of scheme.

The circuit code must consist of an alphabetic part that determines the type of circuit, and a digital part that determines the type of circuit.

Types of schemes are indicated by letters:

electricѕ E;

hydraulicѕ G;

pneumaticѕ P;

gas (except pneumatic)ѕ X;

kinematicѕ TO;

vacuumѕ IN;

opticalѕ L;

energyѕ R;

divisionsѕ E;

combined -S.

Types of circuits are indicated by numbers:

structural - 1;

functional - 2;

fundamental (complete) - 3;

connections (installation) - 4;

connections - 5;

general - 6;

location - 7;

combined - 0;

For example, an electrical circuit diagramѕ EZ; hydraulic connection diagramѕ G4; structural division diagram - E1; electrohydraulic circuit diagram - SZ; electrohydropneumokinematic circuit diagram - SZ; electrical connection diagramѕ EO; hydraulic structural diagram, principle and connectionsѕ GO.

In addition to diagrams or instead of diagrams, in cases established by the rules for the implementation of specific types of diagrams, tables are issued in the form of independent documents containing information about the location of devices, connections, connection points and other information. Such documents are assigned a code consisting of the letter T and the code of the corresponding scheme. For example, the code for the connection table to the electrical connection diagram is TE4.

In the main inscription (column 1) of the document indicate the name of the product, as well as the name of the document “Connection Table”.

Connection tables are written into the specification after the circuits for which they are issued, or instead of them.

Notes :

1. It is allowed to develop combined diagrams, when diagrams of one type contain information characteristic of a diagram of another type, for example, the connection diagram of a product (installation) shows its external connections.

When performing combined schemes, the rules established for schemes of the corresponding types must be observed.

The nomenclature, names and codes of combined schemes must be established in industry standards.

2. If, due to the characteristics of the product (installation), the amount of information necessary for its design, adjustment, control, repair and operation cannot be conveyed in a set of documentation in diagrams of established types and types, then it is allowed to develop diagrams of other types and types.

The nomenclature, names and codes of other schemes must be established in industry standards.

3. For a product (installation), it is allowed to make a diagram of a certain type and type on several sheets, or instead of one diagram of a certain type and type, make a set of diagrams of the same type and type. In this case, each scheme must be drawn up as an independent document.

When releasing several circuits of a certain type and type for a product (installation) in the form of independent documents, it is allowed to indicate the name of the functional circuit or functional group in the name of the circuit (for example, electrical circuit diagram of a drive, electrical circuit diagram of power circuits; hydraulic circuit diagram of a drive, hydraulic circuit diagram lubrication, hydraulic cooling circuit diagram).

In this case, each circuit is assigned a designation in accordance with GOST 2.201-80, as an independent design document, and, starting from the second circuit, serial numbers are added to the circuit code in the designation through a dot in Arabic numerals (for example, ABVG.ХХХХХХ.ХХХЭЗ, АВВГ.ХХХХХХ.ХХХЭЗ .1; ABCG.ХХХХХХ.ХХХГЗ, АВВГ.ХХХХХХ.ХХХГЗ.1, ABVG.ХХХХХХ.ХХХГЗ.2).

4. The table of correspondence between codes for types of electrical circuits according to this standard and ST SEV 527-77 is given in reference appendix 2.

2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPLETION

2.1. Set (nomenclature) of circuits

2.1.1. The range of circuits for a product should be determined depending on the characteristics of the product (installation).

The number of types of diagrams per product (installation) should be minimal, but in total they should contain information in a volume sufficient for the design, manufacture, operation and repair of the product (installation).

2.1.2. An unambiguous connection must be established between the diagrams of one set of design documents for a product (installation), which would provide the ability to quickly find the same elements (devices, functional groups), links or connections in all diagrams of this set.

2.2. Formats

2.2.1. The formats of diagram sheets are selected in accordance with the requirements established in GOST 2.301-68 and GOST 2.004-79, with the main formats being preferred.

When choosing formats you should consider:

1) volume and complexity of the designed product (installation);

2) the necessary degree of data detail, determined by the purpose of the scheme;

3) conditions of storage and circulation of circuits;

4) features and capabilities of the technology for making, reproducing and (or) microfilming circuits;

5) the ability to process circuits using computer technology.

The selected format should ensure compact execution of the diagram without compromising its clarity and ease of use.

2.3. Building a circuit

2.3.1. The diagrams are not drawn to scale; the actual spatial arrangement of the component parts of the product (installation) is not taken into account or taken into account approximately.

2.3.2. Graphic designations of elements (devices, functional groups) and communication lines connecting them should be placed on the diagram in such a way as to provide the best understanding of the structure of the product and the interaction of its components.

Notes:

1. It is allowed to place conventional graphic symbols of elements (devices, functional groups) on the diagram in the same order in which they are located in the product, provided that this does not interfere with the readability of the diagram.

2. If a product contains several identical elements (devices, functional groups) connected in parallel, it is allowed, instead of depicting all branches of a parallel connection, to depict only one branch, indicating the number of branches using the branch designation. Near the graphic symbols (devices, functional groups) depicted in one branch, their symbols are indicated. In this case, all elements, devices or functional groups included in this parallel connection must be taken into account (Fig. 1). In this case, the elements are written into the list of elements in one line.

Crap. 1

3. If a product contains three or more identical elements (devices, functional groups) connected in series, it is allowed, instead of depicting all sequentially connected elements (devices, functional groups), to depict only the first and last elements (devices, functional groups), showing the connections dashed lines between them.

When assigning designations to elements (devices, functional groups), elements (devices, functional groups) not shown in the diagram (Fig. 2.) must be taken into account. The total number of identical elements is indicated above the dashed line. In this case, the elements are written into the list of elements in one line.

Crap. 2

4. Schemes may be made within the limits of a conventional outline, which simplifies the design of the product. In these cases, conditional contours are made with lines equal in thickness to the communication lines.

2.3.3. When executing a diagram on several sheets or as a set of diagrams of the same type, it is recommended:

1) for diagrams intended to explain the principles of operation of a product (functional, schematic), depict on each sheet or on each diagram a certain functional group, functional circuit (line, path, etc.);

2) for diagrams intended to determine connections (connection diagram), depict on each sheet or on each diagram a part of the product (installation) located in a certain place in space or a certain functional circuit.

2.3.4. The distance (clearance) between two adjacent lines of the graphic designation must be at least 1.0 mm.

The distance between adjacent parallel communication lines must be at least 3.0 mm. The distance between individual graphic symbols must be at least 2.0 mm.

2.3.5. Devices that have an independent circuit diagram are shown on the diagrams in the form of a solid line, equal in thickness to the communication lines.

Note . It is allowed to make devices in the form of a figure with a line twice as thick as the communication line.

2.3.6. A functional group or device that does not have an independent circuit diagram is drawn on the diagrams in the form of a figure of contour dash-dotted lines equal in thickness to communication lines.

Note to pp. 2.3.5ѕ 2.3.6. The figure outlined by the contour line, as a rule, should be a rectangle. It is allowed to highlight parts of the diagram with non-rectangular shapes.

2.3.7. When designing a product that includes several different devices, it is recommended to create an independent circuit diagram for each device.

For devices that can be used in other products (installations) or independently, independent circuit diagrams should be drawn up.

2.3.8. When drawing up product (installation) diagrams, which include identical devices that have independent circuit diagrams, each such device is considered as an element of the product diagram and is depicted in the form of a rectangle or conventional graphic symbol, it is assigned a positional designation and is recorded in the list of elements in one position .

Notes:

1. If a product (installation) includes several identical devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams or identical functional groups, then the diagram of the product (installation) may not repeat the diagrams of these devices or functional groups. In this case, the device or functional group is depicted in the form of a rectangle, and the diagram of such a device or functional group is depicted inside one of the rectangles (larger) or placed on the diagram field with the appropriate inscription, for example: “Scheme of block ABVG.ХХХХХХ.ХХХ”.

2. When performing a circuit diagram on several sheets, the following requirements must be met:

1) when assigning positional designations to elements, continuous numbering within the product (installation) is observed;

2) the list of elements must be general;

3) individual elements can be re-represented on other sheets of the diagram, preserving the positional designations assigned to them on one of the sheets of the diagram.

3. When developing several independent circuit diagrams for one product, the following requirements must be met:

1) positional designations are assigned to elements according to the rules established in the note;

2) each diagram must contain a list only of those elements whose positional designations are assigned on this diagram;

3) individual elements may be re-represented on several diagrams, retaining the positional designations assigned to them on one of the diagrams.

In this case, instructions of the type are placed on the diagrams: “Elements shown in the diagram and not included in the list of elements, see ABVG.ХХХХХХ.ХХХГЗ”, or “Hydraulic valves K1 and K5, see ABVG.ХХХХХХ.ХХХГЗ”.

2.4. Graphic symbols

2.4.1. When executing the diagrams, the following graphic symbols are used:

1) conventional graphic symbols established in the standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation, as well as those built on their basis;

2) rectangles;

3) simplified external outlines (including axonometric ones).

If necessary, non-standardized graphic symbols are used.

When using non-standardized conventional graphic symbols and simplified external outlines on the diagram, appropriate explanations are given.

The use of certain graphic symbols on diagrams is determined by the rules for executing diagrams of a certain type and type.

2.4.2. Conventional graphic symbols of elements are depicted in the sizes established in the standards for conventional graphic symbols.

Conventional graphic symbols of elements whose dimensions are not established in the specified standards must be depicted on the diagram in the dimensions in which they are made in the relevant standards for conventional graphic symbols.

The dimensions of the conventional graphic symbols, as well as the thickness of their lines, must be the same on all diagrams for a given product (installation).

Notes :

1. All sizes of graphic symbols can be changed proportionally.

2.4.3. Graphic symbols on diagrams should be made with lines of the same thickness as the communication lines.

2.4.4. Symbolic graphic symbols of elements are shown on the diagram in the position in which they are given in the relevant standards, or rotated by an angle multiple of 90°, if there are no special instructions in the relevant standards. It is allowed to rotate conventional graphic symbols by an angle that is a multiple of 45, or depict them as mirror images.

Symbols containing digital or alphanumeric symbols may only be rotated counterclockwise by an angle of 90 or 45.

2.5. Communication lines

2.5.1. Communication lines are made with a thickness of 0.2 to 1.0 mm, depending on the format of the diagram and the size of the graphic symbols. Recommended line thickness is from 0.3 to 0.4 mm.

2.5.2. Communication lines should consist of horizontal and vertical segments and have the least number of kinks and mutual intersections.

Note . In some cases, it is possible to use inclined sections of the communication line, the length of which should be limited as much as possible.

2.5.3. Communication lines passing from one sheet or one document to another should be broken outside the diagram image without arrows.

2.5.4. Communication lines should usually be shown in full.

Note . Communication lines within one sheet, if they make it difficult to read the diagram, can be cut off. Broken communication lines are ended with arrows. Near the arrows indicate the locations of broken lines, for example, connections, and (or) the necessary characteristics of the circuits, for example, polarity, potential, pressure, fluid flow, etc.

2.5.5. Elements (devices, functional groups) included in the product and shown in the diagram must have designations in accordance with the standards for the rules for implementing specific types of circuits.

Designations can be alphabetic, alphanumeric and numeric.

Note . Designations of elements (devices, functional groups) specific to certain branches of technology must be established by industry standards.

2.6. List of elements

2.6.1. The list of elements is placed on the first sheet of the diagram or executed as a separate document.

2.6.2. The list of elements is drawn up in the form of a table (Figure 3), filled in from top to bottom.

Crap. 3

The columns of the table indicate the following data:

in the column "Pos. designation"ѕ positional designations of elements, devices and functional groups;

in the "Name" columnѕ for element (device)ѕ name in accordance with the document on the basis of which this element (device) is applied, and the designation of this document (main design document, state standard, industry standard, technical specifications);ѕ for a functional group name;

2.6.3. When making a list of elements on the first sheet of the diagram, it is usually placed above the main inscription.

The distance between the list of elements and the main inscription must be at least 12 mm.

The continuation of the list of elements is placed to the left of the main inscription, repeating the head of the table.

2.6.4. When issuing a list of elements in the form of an independent document, its code must consist of the letter “P” and the code of the diagram for which the list is issued, for example, the code of the list of elements for a hydraulic circuit diagram - PGZ. In this case, in the main inscription (column 1) indicate the name of the product, as well as the name of the document “List of Elements”.

The list of elements is written down in the specification after the diagram to whichhe is released.

The list of elements in the form of an independent document is carried out in A4 format. The main inscription and additional columns to it are carried out in accordance with GOST 2.104-68 (form 2 and 2a).

2.6.5. When dividing the diagram field into zones, the list of elements is supplemented with the column “Zone” (Figure 4), indicating in it the designation of the zone in which this element (device) is located.

Crap. 4

Notes:

1. In some cases, information about the elements placed on the diagram may be incomplete if their scope is established in state or industry standards.

2. At the stages of technical proposal, preliminary and technical design, information about the elements placed on the diagram may be incomplete.

3. If necessary, it is allowed to enter additional columns into the list of elements if they do not violate the record and do not duplicate information in the main columns.

2.6.6. Elements in the list are written in groups in alphabetical order of letter positional designations.

Within each group, which has the same letter positional designations, the elements are arranged in ascending order of serial numbers.

When performing digital symbols on a diagram, they are written down in the list in ascending order.

Notes :

1. To facilitate making changes, it is allowed to leave several blank lines between individual groups of elements, and if there are a large number of elements within groupsѕ and between elements.

2. Elements of the same type with the same parameters, having sequential serial numbers on the diagram, can be written in the list in one line. In this case, only position designations with the smallest and largest serial numbers are entered in the “Position designation” column, for example:R3, R4,C8 ... C12, and in the column "Count."ѕ the total number of such elements.

3. When recording elements of the same name, differing in technical characteristics and other data and having the same letter position designation, it is allowed to write in the “Name” column:

the name of these elements in the form of a common name;

in common nameѕ name, type and designation of the document (state standard, technical specifications or main design document) on the basis of which these elements are applied (Figure 5).

Crap. 5

2.6.7. When assigning positional designations to elements within device groups or when identical functional groups are included in a product list of elements, elements related to devices and functional groups are recorded separately.

The recording of elements included in each device (functional group) begins with the name of the device or functional group, which is written in the “Name” column and underlined. In computer-aided design, the name of the device (functional group) may not be underlined.

Below the name of the device (functional group) there should be one free line, above - at least one free line.

Notes :

1. If the product contains unequal functional groups, then this recording method is acceptable.

2. If the product diagram contains elements that are not included in devices (functional groups), then when filling out the list of elements, first write down these elements without a title, and then devices that do not have independent circuit diagrams, and functional groups with elements included in them.

3. If a product has several identical devices or functional groups, then the list indicates the number of elements included in one device (functional group).

The total number of identical devices (functional groups) is indicated in the "Quantity" column. on the same line as the title.

4. If the product contains elements that are not independent structures, then when recording them in the list, the “Name” column is not filled in, and an explanatory inscription or a link to the explanatory inscription in the diagram field is placed in the “Note” column (Fig. 6).

Crap. 6

2.7. Text information

2.7.1. It is allowed to place various technical data on the diagrams, the nature of which is determined by the purpose of the diagram. Such information is indicated either near the graphic symbols (if possible on the right or above) or on the free field of the diagram. Near the graphic designations of elements and devices, for example, the nominal values of their parameters are placed, and on the free field of the diagram - diagrams, tables, text instructions (time sequence diagrams, cyclograms, contact closure tables of switching devices, instructions on specific installation requirements, etc.). P.).

2.7.2. Text data is shown in the diagram in cases where the information contained in it is impractical or impossible to express graphically or symbolically.

The content of the text should be short and precise. Abbreviations of words should not be used in inscriptions on diagrams, with the exception of those generally accepted or established in standards.

Depending on their content and purpose, text data can be located:

next to graphic symbols;

inside graphic symbols;

over communication lines;

in a break in communication lines;

near the ends of communication lines;

on the free field of the diagram.

2.7.3. Text data related to the lines is oriented parallel to the horizontal portions of the corresponding lines.

When the circuit density is high, vertical data orientation is allowed.

2.7.4. On the diagram, near the conventional graphic symbols of elements that require explanation under operating conditions (for example, switches, potentiometers, regulators, etc.), appropriate inscriptions, signs or graphic symbols are placed.

Inscriptions, signs or graphic symbols intended to be applied to the product are enclosed in quotation marks on the diagram.

If an inscription in quotation marks must be placed on the product, then the corresponding instructions are given in the diagram field.

2.7. 5. In the diagram field above the main inscription, it is allowed to place the necessary technical instructions, for example, requirements on the inadmissibility of joint laying of certain wires, harnesses, cables, pipelines, the minimum permissible distances between wires, harnesses, harnesses and cables, pipelines, data on the specificity of laying and protection of wires, harnesses, cables and pipelines, etc. When making a diagram on several sheets, technical instructions that are common to the entire diagram should be placed on a free field (if possible above the main inscription) of the first sheet of the diagram, and technical instructions relating to individual elements should be located either in close proximity to the image of the element or on a free field of the sheet where they are most necessary for ease of reading the diagram.

2.8. Rules for implementing combined schemes

2.8.1. Elements (devices, functional groups) and connections of each type (electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) are depicted on the diagram according to the rules established for the corresponding types of circuits of this type.

2.8.2. The information placed on the diagram and the design of the diagram as a whole should be determined according to the rules established for the corresponding types of diagrams of this type.

2.8.3. Elements of one type of circuit in the diagram are assigned positional designations that extend throughout the diagram. To distinguish identical spellings, they should be emphasized, starting with the elements related to the second type of scheme indicated in the name. These rules must be followed for devices and functional groups.

For example, an electrohydraulic circuit diagram - one line for hydraulic elements (devices, functional groups); hydropneumokinematic schematic diagramѕ one line for pneumatic elements (devices, functional groups), twoѕ for kinematic.

APPLICATION 1

Information

Explanations of terms used in the standard

1. Circuit elementѕ a component of a circuit that performs a specific function in a product and cannot be divided into parts that have an independent purpose (resistor, transformer, pump, distributor, coupling, etc.)

2. Deviceѕ a set of elements representing a single structure (block, board, cabinet, mechanism, dividing panel, etc.).

The device may not have a specific functional purpose in the product.

3. Functional groupѕ a set of elements that perform a specific function in a product and are not combined into a single structure.

4. Functional partѕ element, device, functional group.

5. Functional circuitѕ line, channel, path for a specific purpose (audio channel, video channel, microwave path, etc.).

6. Interconnection lineѕ a line segment indicating the presence of a connection between the functional parts of the product.

7. Installationѕ the conventional name of an object in power structures for which a diagram is issued, for example, main circuits.

8. Structural diagramѕ a diagram defining the main functional parts of the product, their purpose and relationships.

Structural diagrams are developed when designing products (installations) at stages preceding the development of schemes of other types, and they are used for general familiarization with the product (installation).

9. Functional diagramѕ a diagram explaining certain processes occurring in individual functional circuits of a product (installation) or in the product (installation) as a whole.

Functional diagrams are used to study the principles of operation of products (installations), as well as for their installation, control and repair.

10. Schematic diagram (complete)ѕ a diagram that defines the full composition of elements and connections between them and, as a rule, gives a detailed idea of the principles of operation of the product (installation).

Schematic diagrams are used to study the principles of operation of products (installations), as well as for their adjustment, control and repair. They serve as the basis for the development of other design documents, for example, connection diagrams (installation diagrams) and drawings.

11. Connection diagram (installation)ѕ a diagram showing the connections of the component parts of the product (installation) and identifying the wires, harnesses, cables or pipelines by which these connections are made, as well as the places of their connections and input (connectors, boards, clamps, etc.).

Connection diagrams (installation diagrams) are used in the development of other design documents, primarily drawings that determine the laying and methods of fastening wires, harnesses, cables or pipelines in a product (installation), as well as for making connections and during inspection, operation and repair of products ( installations).

12. Connection diagramѕ diagram showing the external connections of the product.

Connection diagrams are used in the development of other design documents, as well as for connecting products and during their operation.

13. General schemeѕ a diagram defining the components of the complex and their connections to each other at the site of operation.

General diagrams are used when familiarizing yourself with complexes, as well as during their control and operation. A general diagram for an assembly unit can be developed if necessary.

14. Layoutѕ a diagram that determines the relative location of the components of the product (installation), and, if necessary, also harnesses, wires, cables, pipelines, etc.

Layout diagrams are used in the development of other design documents, as well as in the operation and repair of products (installations).

15. Combined schemeѕ diagram, when one design document contains diagrams of two or more types produced for one product (installation).

APPENDIX 2

Information

Information data on the compliance of codes for types of electrical circuits according to GOST 2.701-84 SG SEV 527-77

Name of scheme types	Circuit type code
	according to GOST 2.701-84	according to ST CMEAS27-77
Structural
Functional
Principal (full)
Equivalent
Connections (installation)
Connections
Are common
Locations
Electrical equipment and wiring on plans
Power supply and communications
United

Change No. 1 GOST 2.701-84 Unified system of design documentation. Scheme. Types and types. General requirements for implementation

Approved and put into effect by the Decree of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated March 29, 1989№ 825

Date of introduction01.01.90

On the first page, under the designation of the standard, add the designation: ST SEV 6306-88.

(IUS No. 7 of 1989)

__________________________________________________________

Change No. 2 GOST 2.701-84 Unified system of design documentation. Scheme. Types and types. General requirements for implementation

Approved and put into effect by the Decree of the Committee for Standardization and Metrology of the USSR dated July 15, 1991№ 1254

Date of introduction01.01.92

Clause 2.3.8. Delete the word: “identical”.

Clause 2.4.2. The first paragraph should be supplemented with the words: “Conventional graphic symbols, the size ratios of which are given in the relevant standards on the modular grid, should be depicted on the diagrams in dimensions determined vertically and horizontally by the number of steps of the modular grid M (Fig. 2a). In this case, the modular grid step for each circuit can be any, but the same for all elements and devices of this circuit

Crap. 2a

Appendix 1. Paragraph 1 after the words “having an independent purpose” should be stated in a new edition: “and its own conventional graphic and letter designations (resistor, relay contact, pipe, pump, coupling, etc.)”

Paragraph2. The first paragraph should be stated in a new edition: “A device is a set of elements representing a single structure (multi-contact relay, set of transistors, board, block, cabinet, mechanism, dividing panel, etc.)”. (IUS No. 10 19 9 1 year)

Examples of electrical circuit diagrams. Rules for the implementation of electrical circuit diagrams

General classification

Purpose of each electrical circuit

Fundamental

Assembly

1. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTING BLOCK DIAGRAMS

2. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS

3. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPLE DIAGRAMS

4. RULES FOR EXECUTION OF CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

5. RULES FOR EXECUTION OF CONNECTION DIAGRAMS

6. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF GENERAL SCHEMES

7. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTING LAYOUT DIAGRAMS

APPLICATION