08.04.2016
The importance of musculoskeletal health can hardly be overestimated. Its huge “mechanism” ensures our physical activity. In simple terms, our musculoskeletal system is the entire collection of bones, muscles, joints and tendons, that is, the “framework” for the body. More than 200 bones, about 400 muscles and several hundred tendons give the body its shape, serve as a means of movement in space and, moreover, protect our internal organs, ensuring their normal functioning.
We will not discover America if we say that disease prevention is the most effective treatment! After all, it is much easier to prevent illness than to spend years of your life recovering. As a rule, very often we ignore this fact until unwanted symptoms take us “by surprise.” The spine plays a vital role in our body. The spinal cord located in it coordinates our movements. The spinal cord, in turn, is connected to a huge number of nerve endings.
When it comes to musculoskeletal health, physical activity is an important factor. It is her presence that is the “guarantor” of good health. Of course, there may be a predisposition to the disease. But, again, useful exercises will help “delay” its manifestation.
Why do problems with the musculoskeletal system occur?
Most often the main reasons are:
- Lifting more than normal weights
It often seems to us that we are “all-powerful” and that nothing matters to us. When lifting a heavy bag or rearranging your home, the most you will feel is an unpleasant stretching in your lower back. However, you need to understand that the unpleasant effect may appear after several years. Ask loved ones for help and do not lift heavy objects unless it is urgent and necessary. When buying a lot of groceries, divide the items into two bags or wear a backpack to evenly distribute the load on your spine.
- Hypothermia.
Just like with the first point, symptoms of freezing do not always appear immediately. Remember: it’s better to take an extra jacket in your bag than to freeze outside and then deal with the consequences for a long time.
- High heels for girls and women
Heels give beauty and slim your legs, but don’t get carried away with wearing such shoes. Keep in mind that in high heels the foot is deformed (the ligaments in women are weaker than in men), and the spine becomes less comfortable. Of course, no one is forcing beautiful women to completely switch to “flat” shoes. There are many models of mid-heeled shoes with orthopedic soles. But high heels are not an option for everyday wear.
- Low physical activity
Perhaps the most important factor. Modern life gives us maximum comfort and in such conditions we often forget about the importance of exercise. We spend most of the day at work or study. In the evening, our “friends” are the TV and computer. Add to this the metro, elevators, cars... But not many people go in for sports!
Common diseases:
- Joint problems such as arthritis and arthrosis.
- Poor posture and, as a consequence, curvature of the spinal column - scoliosis.
- Foot deformity.
- Herniated intervertebral discs.
- Neuralgia, muscle dystonia.
Prevention of musculoskeletal diseases
- Therapeutic exercise - even 15 minutes of exercise daily will help improve your overall well-being.
- Calcium intake - seasonal vitamin courses, which include calcium and zinc, will be an excellent support for our body.
- Healthy lifestyle, light nutrition. If possible, avoid everything harmful as much as possible - after all, we have one life, and there is no “spare” body in sight. Therefore, it is worth taking care of it.
- Wellness massage
A massage chair will help! Many people think that buying a massage chair is a waste of money. But it’s worth noting that since you are on our website and reading our article, it means you are already interested, right?
There is no need to talk much about the benefits of hardware massage. This is an excellent alternative for people who want to improve their health at home, in a calm and pleasant environment. The massage chair has a huge variety of functions - from hard kneading of pumped up muscles to gentle impact for the most sensitive ones. Modern technologies have given us this “miracle”, allowing users to choose and combine massage programs on their own. Combine this with the procedure of infrared heating, body scanning, personal selection of procedures - and you will get a universal remedy for relaxation and prevention!*
A massage chair relieves tension and discomfort, thoroughly compresses muscles and brings even an “unathletic” body to normal tone.
Of course, the entire human musculoskeletal system consists not only of the skeleton, but also of a complex of muscles, ligaments, bones, cartilage, and tendons. In this regard, diseases of the musculoskeletal system can affect each of its parts.
The musculoskeletal department in the human body is fully responsible for its versatility. Thus, the skeletal foundation is responsible for the flexible and strong connection of bones and strengthens the support for soft tissues. The different shapes and positions of bones provide protective shields for many human internal organs.
Thanks to musculoskeletal joints, cartilage and tendons, a person has the ability to move all parts of the body. Numerous medical studies of the history of diseases of this system have come to the conclusion that there are a considerable number of them and these ailments can arise for a number of very different reasons.
Unfortunately, modern life dictates new working conditions, the so-called “office” ones, which have a very negative impact on all ongoing processes in this area.
In addition, diseases of the human musculoskeletal system occur in school-age children and people leading a rather unhealthy and sedentary lifestyle, aggravated by an unbalanced and vitamin deficient diet, a stressful and constantly depressed state.
Also, factors such as various diseases suffered in acute or chronic form and a predisposition to heredity have all the prerequisites for a provocative increase in the risk of such diseases.
However, experts have proven that no matter what diseases of the musculoskeletal system are observed, each of them requires very painful and lengthy treatment, using many different medications and procedures.
Therefore, doctors are faced with a very difficult task - to inform every potential patient with such varieties of this disease about all possible and timely preventive courses.
First of all, each person needs to perform a certain set of physical exercises every day, selected individually according to their general health.
But it should be noted that any physical exercise must be performed only after consultation with a specializing physician; also, this type of preventive methods is strictly contraindicated during the inflammatory period of the disease.
In addition to physical activity, in the form of gymnastics, it is recommended to take massage courses and water treatments (swimming pools, specialized baths and showers).
An important factor that has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the musculoskeletal system is the correct choice of diet at different periods of life and the state of the body (pregnancy and lactation, stressful situations, weight loss or excess weight, unfavorable family predisposition due to genetics).
In addition, each person needs to monitor the calcium content in the body, thereby preventing it from falling below the established norm. Since such a deviation from the norm can lead to the destruction of the bones of the entire system.
Also, do not forget that each of us must spend every day with dignity, and not succumb to negative external influences, such as alcohol, smoking, the use of psychotropic and narcotic drugs, abuse of coffee and its additives, excessive use of medications, without doctor's prescriptions.
In addition, an incorrectly chosen sleeping place and unhealthy sleep can lead to symptoms of such ailments. Well, the most popular, both preventive and restorative measure, is recognized as resort and sanatorium treatment with a specially selected program, according to a medical examination of each of the vacationers there.
To exclude such ailments as diseases of the musculoskeletal system, each person should be more attentive to their state of health, use all recommended preventive methods and sanatorium treatment.
Municipal autonomous educational institution
"General developmental kindergarten No. 31"
"Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in preschool children"
Prepared by:
Physical education instructor
Yatsuk Lyudmila Ivanovna
G. Snezhinsk
2017
The relevance of preventing injuries to the musculoskeletal system is caused by:
1. The presence of a large number of children with pathologies of the musculoskeletal system.
2. Prohibition of certain types of physical exercises in order to prevent microtraumas of the musculoskeletal system and neurological diseases.
3. An increase in the number of children with phosphorus-calcium disordersexchange,insufficient mineralization of bone tissue.
The main causes of musculoskeletal injuries:
1. Incorrect organization of the educational process.
2. Insufficient level of theoretical and methodological preparedness of the teacher.
3. Unsatisfactory hygienic conditions for conducting classes.
4. Lack of appropriate material and technical equipment.
5. A large number of children studying per teacher, whose attention is scattered, which leads to traumatic situations.
Methodological errors in planning the educational process:
1. Inclusion of traumatic exercises into the content of classes.
2. Irrational sequence of exercises, ignoring the principle of consistency.
3. Lack of insurance and assistance.
Individual characteristics of children:
1. Deviation in the health status of children.
2. Low level of development of physical qualities.
3. Insufficient level of mastery of the technique of performing physical exercises.
Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in preschool children:
1. Compliance with the principles of gradualism and consistency in the process of physical exercise.
2. Exclusion of exercises associated with bending the cervical spine in the anteroposterior direction to maintain a gentle regime for the cervical spine; landmarks for a preschooler should be at eye level.
3. Jumping up while touching an object is dangerous when you are required to reach the object with your hand, as this causes children to throw back their heads.
5. Perform stretching exercises in a slow and smooth manner, only after a preliminary warm-up.
6. To maintain a gentle regime for the cervical spine, landmarks for the child should be at eye level.
7. Avoiding sharp bending, extension, and rotational movements in the joints.
8. Limitation of the range of motion in high-risk areas - the cervical and lumbar spine.
9. Performing body bends in compliance with the frontal, sagittal, and horizontal planes.
10. Avoid holding your breath and straining when performing physical exercises, especially strength ones.
11. A jump over an object 5-10 cm high is performed by pushing two legs,
However, when the ligamentous apparatus of the ankle is weak, uneven pushing off with both legs occurs, there is a virtual absence of the flight phase, the object is tipped over and a possible fall occurs.
12. Teaching rational walking techniques in sports shoes should exclude walking on the heels, on the outer arches of the feet, in order to avoid sprains and “looseness” of the joint, which threatens the appearance of chronic subluxation of the ankle.
13. The prohibition of walking on the inside of the feet is due to the fact that this type of walking contributes to the development of flat feet.
14. Jumping and running exercises should be alternated with exercises to relax the muscles of the lower leg and foot.
15. Prohibition of performing exercises with prolonged static load in the initial standing position.
Literature:
S.B. Sharmanov and A.I. Fedorov – Prevention and correction of flat feet in children of preschool and primary school age by means of physical education. - Chelyabinsk: Ural State Physical Culture Committee, 1999.112 p.
Treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal diseases
The musculoskeletal system is a musculoskeletal system consisting of bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, and their nerve formations. It provides support for the body and movement of a person in space, as well as movement of individual parts of the body and organs. Bones and their connections are the passive part of the musculoskeletal system. Muscles, which have the ability to contract and change the position of bones, are an active part of the musculoskeletal system.
The skeleton is the strong foundation of the body and also protects internal organs from a number of mechanical influences (for example, from blows). Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton, the activity of which is controlled by the central nervous system through the nerve endings in them.
Thanks to the coordinated activity of all the muscles of the body, numerous and varied movements are carried out. Supporting the body when standing or sitting, moving in space (for example, walking, running, swimming, crawling, jumping) and moving individual parts of the body require active muscle tension. In case of diseases and damage to any part of the musculoskeletal system, the dynamics and statics of the whole organism are disrupted, the entire apparatus suffers, and often the internal organs. Thus, when one limb is shortened, curvature of the spine develops, followed by deformation of the chest, and diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system may develop.
The spine performs two important functions in the human body. The first is musculoskeletal: it is in the spine that the spinal cord is located, which coordinates all movements made by a person. The second is protective: the spine protects the spinal cord from mechanical damage, which is connected to numerous nerve endings responsible for the functioning of all organs in the human body.
The joint performs motor and support functions. It consists of two bony surfaces covered with articular cartilage and a fibrous capsule lined with synovium. The intra-articular space is filled with synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant. Articular cartilage and synovium easily react to allergic influences and are affected by infections, leading to dysfunction of the joint. Due to changes in blood circulation, crystals of various substances settle and accumulate in the periarticular tissues, causing severe pain.
As a rule, diseases of the joints and spine are associated with excess waste in the body. Toxins accumulate in the body primarily from poor nutrition. First, the intestines are slagged, which does not have time to completely cleanse themselves, then the urinary system, then the joints, in which uric acid salts begin to be deposited. The cartilage tissue of the joints loses its elasticity, discomfort, pain in the joint, and limited mobility occur.
Slagging of joints and salt deposition occur unnoticed and painlessly. Gradually, a crunch in the knees appears, ankle mobility decreases, joint pain, salt deposits, arthritis or arthrosis occur. To avoid the appearance of such symptoms, you need to regularly engage in preventive cleansing of the joints. Complex treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system includes taking decoctions of medicinal herbs, fasting on water or urine, warming joints in a bathhouse and using warming ointments and compresses, medicinal baths, massage, etc.
This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Basics of Intensive Rehabilitation. cerebral palsy author Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kachesov From the book Handbook of Oriental Medicine author Team of authors by P. Vyatkin From the book Complete Medical Diagnostics Guide by P. Vyatkin From the book We are treated with leeches author Nina Anatolyevna Bashkirtseva From the book Stevia - a step into immortality author Alexander Korodetsky From the book All about ordinary eggs by Ivan Dubrovin by E. Govorova From the book Treatment with vodka and wine by E. Govorova From the book The Healing Power of Living Seedlings author Daria Yurievna Nilova From the book Iplicator Kuznetsov. Relief from back and neck pain author Dmitry Koval From the book Healing Cereals. Affordable miracle doctor of the body author Elena Yurievna SmirnovaDescription of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide description:
2 slide
Slide description:
Relevance of the problem of diseases of the musculoskeletal system associated with professional activities. The results of the analysis showed that muscle pathology occupied a significant place among various forms of occupational diseases from physical overexertion - 50.7 3.4%. Other forms of diseases of the musculoskeletal system (epicondylosis of the shoulder, glenohumeral periarthrosis, tenosynovitis of the forearms, etc.) accounted for 26.3 3.0%.
3 slide
Slide description:
Occupational diseases from physical overload are observed in a wide variety of professions in many industries. They were most often observed in painters, textile mill workers, typewriter typists, machine counting station operators, fitters, machine operators, milkmaids, masons, winders, manual (non-mechanized) molders, etc.
4 slide
Slide description:
An analysis of working conditions showed that in some cases, occupational diseases were associated with significant dynamic loads or static forces, in others - with frequently repeated monotonous movements in a forced working posture.
5 slide
Slide description:
Professions at risk for diseases of the musculoskeletal system: Group 1 – professions with a large number of small manual operations (monotonous, stereotypical movements) carried out in conditions of hypokinesia and forced working posture; Group 2 – professions where static-dynamic loads made it possible to classify physical labor as moderately severe; Along with this, there were other unfavorable factors of the labor process: similar movements, forced body position, contact with cooling media; Group 3 – professions with significant physical exertion, associated with moving large loads per shift, or with large static forces.
6 slide
Slide description:
Occupational diseases in group 1 (women) The proportion of those examined in group 1 was 28% of all patients. Occupational pathology was expressed in 65.6% in diseases of the muscles of the upper extremities (which occurred on average at the age of 44-46 years with an experience of 20-22 years. For female workers of spinning and weaving mills, rapid monotonous hand movements are characteristic when eliminating a broken thread, threading the shuttle , rewinding yarn, etc. under conditions of local (arms) and general (body) static stress when working during the entire shift while standing. Myofibrosis of the extensor wrist and fingers, as well as the trapezius muscles, predominated. Diagnosed in typists, machine counting station operators, spinning workers weaving production (spinners, winders, etc.).
7 slide
Slide description:
Occupational diseases in group 1 (women) Working conditions for those working on keyboard machines involve frequent, monotonous hand movements (40,000–100,000 hits on the keyboard per shift) combined with static stress when holding them suspended. They had coordination neuroses, and in isolated cases autonomic-sensory polyneuropathies of the upper extremities were observed. For the majority of female workers, the disease was characterized by a slow, benign course with preserved professional ability and for many years, subject to systematic treatment in medical units and in the clinic of occupational diseases.
8 slide
Slide description:
Occupational diseases in the 2nd group (women) The 2nd group included painters, machine operators (millers, drillers, polishers), fitters, winders, milkmaids, etc. This group made up 47% of those surveyed (mostly women). The nature of the damage can be explained by the combined effect of unfavorable labor factors (physical stress and contact with lubricating and cooling fluids for machine operators; static-dynamic load and cooling of hands for milkmaids).
Slide 9
Slide description:
Occupational diseases in group 2 (women) Isolated forms of diseases of the muscles of the upper extremities prevailed among painters (age 44-46 years, experience 16-17 years) and winders (age 45-47 years, experience 23-25 years). Combined forms of neuromuscular pathology, as well as pathology of the autonomic nervous system (vegetative-sensory polyneuropathy of the hands) were more common among machine operators aged 46-48 years with 16-18 years of experience and among milkmaids aged 44-46 years with 1820 years of experience).
10 slide
Slide description:
The 3rd group consisted of 25% of workers. The following professions were represented in this group: masons, pressers, stampers, loaders, planers, springers, rollers, metal cutters, laundry drummers, foundry farmers, carousel workers, core workers and hand-molded moulders. Physical labor was associated with significant general or local static-dynamic loads.
11 slide
Slide description:
Occupational diseases in group 3 In this group, attention is drawn to the predominance of combined forms of neuromuscular pathology - in 21-22% of cases; diseases of the musculoskeletal system were noted in 41-42% of patients (age 46-47 years, experience 19-20 years). Along with myofibrosis and autonomic-sensory polyneuropathies of the hands (in their combination), epicondyloses of the shoulder, tendovaginitis, glenohumeral periarthrosis and lumbosacral radiculitis were often noted. In some cases, there was a combination of 2-3 nosological forms of occupational diseases from functional overexertion.
12 slide
Slide description:
· Articular ends or processes of bones; · Strong ligamentous apparatus and capsule; · Smooth and slippery articular surfaces. Each joint is formed:
Slide 13
Slide description:
Under high loads, joints do not train, but wear out, and are difficult to strengthen and protect. In case of injury, joints are restored with difficulty, often through surgery. Torn ligaments and tendons also do not heal, and stretched ligaments do not fully recover. The “weakest link” in the human musculoskeletal system is the joints and ligaments.
Slide 14
Slide description:
Osteoarthritis is a disease of the joints that often occurs as a result of wear and metabolic degenerative changes. Arthrosis is not an inflammatory disease and therefore has nothing to do with acute arthritis or polyarthritis, in which joint inflammation is based on reactive pathological changes in the joint membranes and joint fluid.
15 slide
Slide description:
Risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis of the leg joints Dehydration - lack of moisture in the body leads to a decrease in the amount of synovial fluid secreted in the knee. Static overstrain - muscle mobility is lost and increased stress on the ligaments and tendons occurs. Hypothermia - the knee joints can easily get cold in autumn and winter, when an insufficient amount of synovial fluid is produced in the joint (its viscosity is too high), the load and friction increases. Incorrect placement of the foot, when the knee joints are in an unnatural position.
16 slide
Slide description:
The arched shape of the arch of the foot is supported on the plantar side by a powerful ligament - the plantar aponeurosis. The posterior end of the plantar aponeurosis is attached to the heel bone, and the 6 anterior ends, diverging in a bundle, are attached to the toes. It connects the forefoot and hindfoot and keeps the foot from spreading out. The foot is the main support
Slide 17
Slide description:
Heel “spurs” Shifting the center of gravity of the body forward (stooping, overweight, weakness of the leg muscles), especially in combination with walking, running or jumping, leads to repeated micro-tears of aponeurosis fibers from the heel bone, and healing of damaged fibers occurs by transforming the damaged part of the aponeurosis into the bone.
18 slide
Slide description:
Objectives of preventing foot diseases: Return the center of gravity of the body to physiological limits using therapeutic physical education, manual and physical therapy. Support the arch of the foot from the plantar side and relieve the plantar aponeurosis using soft orthopedic insoles. The insoles are placed in regular (comfortable, properly fitted) shoes. They can be used periodically, but it is better to use them constantly. Include the lower leg muscles that support the arch of the foot using physical therapy, manual and physical therapy, and correction of changes in the lumbar spine.
Slide 19
Slide description:
Physical activity regimen for foot pathology Useful: exercises - “toffees”, which increase the tone, elasticity and strength of the muscles of the foot, lower leg, and lower back; dosed walking, swimming, training on exercise machines (without axial load on the joints and spine). Harmful: running, jumping, tennis, jerking exercises, exercises “through pain”, lifting weights, standing for long periods of time.
20 slide
Slide description:
Nutrition for osteoarthritis Healthy: fresh vegetables, fruits, grain fiber (bran, whole grain). boiled meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, cheese, eggs, dairy products, drink up to 3 liters of water per day. Harmful: animal fat, flour, smoked, spicy. Limit foods containing purines - meat, fish, beans and peas, dairy products, tomatoes - to 1 - 2 times a week.
21 slides
Slide description:
Orthoses and corsets: - prevent spraining of ligaments and muscles; retain heat without interfering with skin respiration, - improve blood circulation, - enhance metabolic and recovery processes, - reduce pain; - when the joint is working, there is a constant micro massage; - protect from bruises and abrasions; - correction of the spine, reclination and unloading of the vertebral bodies without turning off the work of your own muscles.
22 slide
Slide description:
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue occupy fourth place in terms of prevalence in Russia. Periarthritis, bursitis, tendovaginitis: joint capsule, tendons, ligaments and their bags. The most common causes are: mechanical overload, disruption of the innervation of periarticular tissues due to flat feet, professional and sports overloads, curvature of the spine, herniated intervertebral discs, after injuries. The shoulder and hip joints are more susceptible to periarthritis. Damage to periarticular tissues
Slide 23
Slide description:
Risk factors for damage to soft tissues (muscles, canals, nerves): magnitude and duration of physical activity; speed and rhythm of movements; constancy of loads; hypothermia or overheating; contact with moisture; compression of tissues when resting; traumatization; vibration; uncomfortable position when working; suboptimal motor stereotype
24 slide
Slide description:
Pressure on the intervertebral discs (as a percentage of standing position) Lying on your back – 25% Lying on your side – 75% Standing – 100% Standing, bending forward – 150% Standing, bending forward, weight in hands – 220% Sitting – 140% Sitting, leaning forward – 185% Sitting, leaning forward, weight in hands – 275%
25 slide
Slide description:
Various professions are united by one common feature for all - constant professional tension of the arms - work that requires frequent and prolonged flexion and extension of the elbow with simultaneous pronation and supination. Among those observed, there are also those who cannot be classified as representatives of heavy physical labor (draftswomen, seamstresses, secretaries-typists, etc.). But the point is not at all in the “hardness” of the work, but in its duration and intensity.
26 slide
Slide description:
Types of harmful industrial physical activity on the hands: repeated movements of the fingers and hand for a long time and in large quantities, even if they are not of a force nature (i.e., not associated with sudden muscle tension); strong tension in the forearm muscles, even with infrequent finger movements; sharp transitions in the rhythm and technique of work; incorrect positioning of hands during work; prolonged pressure on the hands while working.
Slide 27
Slide description:
Tunnel Syndrome Pain, numbness, irritation and swelling of tissues, nerve compression, impaired movement due to: occupational injuries to nerve trunks; constant professional stress (and the point is not at all in the “hardness” of the work, but in its duration and intensity); for hormonal, endocrine and metabolic disorders (pregnancy, lactation, menopause, hypothyroidism, obesity, diabetes, etc.); physical overloads leading to thickening, swelling, and disintegration of the tissues surrounding the nerve. Stages of clinical manifestations: episodic subjective sensations; regular subjective sensations; sensitivity disorders; persistent movement disorders
28 slide
Slide description:
Tunnel syndromes of the upper limbs account for more than 80% of the pathology. Pain in the right hand caused by long work at the computer has acquired the name carpal tunnel syndrome. This is an occupational disease of computer scientists (programmers, secretaries-typists and other specialists whose work is carried out on a computer).
Slide 29
Slide description:
The pain is caused by a pinched nerve in the carpal tunnel. Pinching is caused by swelling and hardening of the tendons that run close to the nerve. The cause of tendon swelling is the constant static load on the same muscles, which can be caused by a large number of monotonous movements (for example, when working with a mouse), uncomfortable position of the hands, during work, in which the wrist is in constant tension.
30 slide
Slide description:
1. When working with the keyboard, the bend angle of the arm at the elbow should be straight (90º) 2. When working with the mouse, the hand should be straight and lie on the table as far from the edge as possible. 3. The chair or armchair should have armrests; it is also desirable to have a special bulge for the wrist (mouse pad, specially shaped keyboard or computer desk) Correct hand position.
31 slides
Slide description:
1. Shake your hands. 2. Clench your fingers into fists (~10 times) 3. Rotate your fists around your axis. 4. Pressing with one hand on the fingers of the other hand from the side of the palm, as if turning the palm and wrist outward. Hand exercises The more often you stop to do exercises, the more benefits they will bring. With these exercises you will improve blood circulation in your muscles and stretch them.
32 slide
Slide description:
Neuropathy of the fourth plantar digital nerve (Morton's neuralgia) develops due to compression of this nerve under the ligament stretched between the heads of the third and fourth metatarsal bones. Compression syndrome of the common peroneal nerve develops with prolonged compression of the neurovascular bundle at the level of the neck of the fibula. It often occurs in people who work on their haunches (weeding, harvesting, parquet workers, etc.).
Slide 33
Slide description:
The traction-compression mechanism of these syndromes develops with prolonged hyperextension in the metatarsophalangeal joints with simultaneous spreading (to increase the support area) of the toes. It is also observed when wearing shoes with very high heels.
Slide 34
Slide description:
Occupational dyskinesia: dyskinesia when writing (also when drawing) - a disease of people in office and mental work (“writer’s cramp”, “writer’s cramp”); dyskinesia when working on the keyboard. This variety affects pianists, typewriter typists, linotypists, and punchers; dyskinesia of violinists and other musicians on string instruments; lip dyskinesia in musicians playing wind instruments; Representatives of some professions may develop two types of occupational dyskinesia.
35 slide
Slide description:
Stenosis and inflammation of the dorsal carpal ligament and styloid process. Complaints always begin with indications of pain and swelling in the area of the distal forearm on the radial side - 90% of patients point to the styloid process of the radius as the place of greatest pain and swelling at the onset of the disease. The nature of the pain is described by patients in different ways. Sometimes the pain appears only with movements of the first finger and hand, in other cases it is constant and movements intensify the pain. In some cases, only local pain is noted, in others, pain radiates distally along the first finger or proximally to the elbow, shoulder joint, neck - these are radiating pains that are observed in the majority (60-75%) of patients and often deprive patients of restful sleep.
36 slide
