The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our website provides data from different sources– encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

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What does "figurative meaning of a word" mean?

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

figurative meaning of the word

secondary (derived) meaning of a word that arose on the basis different types associative connections through metonymy, metaphor and other semantic changes. For example, the figurative meaning of the word “wake up” (“the forest woke up”), “falsify” (“falsify the facts”).

figurative meaning of the word

secondary (derived) meaning of a word, associated with the main, main meaning through relations of metonymic, metaphorical dependence or any associative features. P. z. With. can arise on the basis of spatial, temporal, logical, etc. correlation of concepts (adjacency of material and product, process and result, etc.), average metonymic meanings of the words “edition”, “finishing”, “wintering”, “image” ”, based on associations by similarity (in shape, color, nature of movements, etc.), for example, the metaphorical meanings of the words “dull”, “fresh”, “stamp”. As a result of the transfer of names on the basis of a common function, many P. z. arose. pp., for example, in the words “wing”, “shield”, “satellite”. P. z. With. have greater syntagmatic coherence (see Syntagmatic relations), while direct meanings are most conditioned paradigmatically (see Paradigmatic relations). Patterns of occurrence of P. z. With. (regularity and irregularity of formation of semantically homogeneous groups of words, etc.), the nature of their relationship with the main meaning (for example, the direction of development from more concrete meanings to more abstract ones, etc.) can be described both in synchronic (see Synchrony) and and in diachronic (see Diachrony) plans. In the history of the development of the language of P. z. With. can become the main ones and vice versa (average development of meanings for the words “hearth”, “slum”, “red”). This shift in the semantic structure of words is influenced by various factors(emotional and evaluative elements, associative connections accompanying the word when used, etc.).

Lit.: Vinogradov V.V., Basic types lexical meanings words, “Issues of linguistics”, 1953, ╧5; Kurilovich E., Notes on the meaning of words, in his book: Essays on Linguistics, M., 1962; Shmelev D. N., Problems semantic analysis Lexics, M., 1973.

Direct and figurative meaning of the word

Each word has a basic lexical meaning.

For example, desk- This school desk, green- color of grass or foliage, There is- this means eating.

The meaning of the word is called direct , if the sound of the word accurately indicates an object, action or sign.

Sometimes the sound of one word is transferred to another object, action or sign based on similarity. The word acquires a new lexical meaning, which is called portable .

Let's look at examples of the direct and figurative meaning of words. If a person says a word sea, he and his interlocutors have an image of a large body of water with salty water.

Rice. 1. Black Sea ()

This direct meaning words sea. And in combinations sea ​​of ​​lights, sea of ​​people, sea of ​​books we see the figurative meaning of the word sea, which denotes a large number of anything or anyone.

Rice. 2. City lights ()

Gold coins, earrings, cup- These are objects made of gold.

This is the direct meaning of the word gold. The following phrases have a figurative meaning: goldhair- hair with a brilliant yellow tint, skillful fingers- this is what they say about the ability to do something well, goldenheart- this is what they say about a person who does good.

Word heavy has a direct meaning - to have significant mass. For example, heavy load, box, briefcase.

Rice. 6. Heavy load ()

The following phrases have a figurative meaning: tough task- complex, not easy to solve; hard day- a difficult day that requires effort; hard look- gloomy, stern.

Girl jumping And temperature fluctuates.

In the first case - a direct value, in the second - figurative (rapid temperature change).

boy running- direct meaning. Time is running out- portable.

Frost has frozen the river- figurative meaning - means that the water in the river is frozen.

Rice. 11. River in winter ()

House wall- direct meaning. ABOUT heavy rain you can say: wall of rain. This is a figurative meaning.

Read the poem:

What kind of miracle is this?

The sun is shining, the rain is falling,

There's a big beautiful river by the river

The rainbow bridge is rising.

If the sun is shining brightly,

The rain is pouring mischievously,

So this rain, children,

Called mushroom!

Mushroom rain- figurative meaning.

As we already know, words with multiple meanings are polysemous.

The figurative meaning is one of the meanings of a polysemantic word.

It is possible to determine in what meaning a word is used only from the context, i.e. in a sentence. For example:

Candles were burning on the table. Direct meaning.

His eyes sparkled with happiness. Figurative meaning.

You can ask for help from explanatory dictionary. The literal meaning of the word is always given first, and then the figurative meaning.

Let's look at an example.

Cold -

1. having low temperature. Wash the hands cold water. A cold wind blew from the north.

2. Transfer. About clothes. Cold coat.

3. Transfer. About color. Cool shades of the picture.

4. Transfer. About emotions. Cold look. Cold meeting.

Consolidating knowledge in practice

Let us determine which of the highlighted words are used in a literal and which in a figurative meaning.

At the table the mother said:

- Enough tongue wagging.

And my son is careful:

- A swing your legs Can?

Rice. 16. Mom and son ()

Let's check: wag your tongue- figurative meaning; swing your legs- direct.

Flocks of birds fly away

Out for the blue sea,

All the trees are shining

In multi-colored attire.

Rice. 17. Birds in autumn ()

Let's check: blue ocean- direct meaning; colorful tree decoration- portable.

The breeze asked as it flew by:

- Why are you rye, golden?

And in response, the spikelets rustle:

- Gold us hands are being raised.

Let's check: golden rye- figurative meaning; golden hands- figurative meaning.

Let's write down the phrases and determine whether they are used in a literal or figurative meaning.

Clean hands, an iron nail, a heavy suitcase, a voracious appetite, a difficult character, Olympian calm, iron hand, Golden ring, golden man, wolf skin.

Let's check: clean hands- direct, iron nail- direct, heavy bag- direct, voracious appetite- portable, difficult character- portable, Olympian calm- portable, iron hand- portable, Golden ring- direct, Golden man- portable, wolf skin- direct.

Let's make up phrases, write down phrases in a figurative meaning.

Angry (frost, wolf), black (paints, thoughts), runs (athlete, stream), hat (mother’s, snow), tail (fox, train), hit (frost, hammer), drums (rain, musician).

Let's check: angry frost, dark thoughts, a stream running, a cap of snow, the tail of a train, frost has struck, rain is drumming.

In this lesson we learned that words have literal and figurative meanings. The figurative meaning makes our speech figurative and vivid. Therefore, writers and poets love to use figurative meaning in their works.

In the next lesson we will learn which part of the word is called the root, learn how to isolate it in the word, and talk about the meaning and functions of this part of the word.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

1. Openclass.ru ().
2. Festival of Pedagogical Ideas" Public lesson" ().
3. Sch15-apatity.ucoz.ru ().

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Education, 2012. Part 2. Do the exercise. 28 P. 21.
• Select correct option answers to the following questions:

1. Science studies the vocabulary of a language:

A) phonetics

B) syntax

B) lexicology

2. The word is used figuratively in both phrases:

A) heart of stone, build a bridge

B) heat of the sun, stone edition

C) golden words, make plans

3. In which series are the words ambiguous:

A) star, artificial, stone

B) single, blinds, jockey

B) stony, caftan, composer

• * Using the knowledge gained in class, come up with 4-6 sentences with words field And give, where these words are used in direct and figurative meanings.

A word can have both direct and figurative lexical meaning. Polysemantic words have a figurative meaning.

Direct meaning of the word- this is its main lexical meaning. It is directly directed to the designated object, phenomenon, action, sign, immediately evokes an idea of ​​them and is least dependent on the context. Words most often appear in their literal meaning.

figurative meaning of the word- this is its secondary meaning, which arose on the basis of the direct one.

Toy, -And, and. 1. A thing used for playing. Kids toys. 2. trans. One who blindly acts according to someone else's will is an obedient instrument of someone else's will (disapproved). To be a toy in someone's hands.

The essence of the transfer of meaning is that the meaning is transferred to another object, another phenomenon, and then one word is used as the name of several objects at the same time. In this way, the polysemy of the word is formed.

Depending on the basis on which sign the value is transferred, there are three main types of value transition:

• metaphor,
• metonymy,
• synecdoche.

Direct meaning of the word

The words of our speech name objects, their signs and actions. Unambiguous words directly correlate with the object of reality; they directly name an object, its attribute or process of action. This direct meaning words.

In the flow of speech, such words immediately evoke the idea of ​​what they name. Their meaning does not depend on the context, for example:

The blue sky stretched over the forest, over the field, over the villages.

The sky beckons future cosmonauts.

White shaggy clouds float lazily across the sky.

Most words in the Russian language have a literal meaning, for example:

daughter, house, grass, polite, huge.

Direct meaning of the word- this is its main lexical meaning.

figurative meaning of the word

A word can have several lexical meanings, which arise based on the direct meaning. Such a new additional lexical meaning is called portable. It appears based on the similarity of objects in terms of appearance, by attribute or action (function), for example:

in a phrase "stone building" word "stone" names the material from which the building is made and denotes a direct attribute of the object "strong, solid, immovable".

In the phrase "stone face" adjective "stone" stands for " harsh, insensitive" or "malevolent" face. In this example the word "stone" has a secondary figurative meaning, formed on the basis of the direct meaning.

The essence of the transfer of meaning is that it moves to another object, another phenomenon or process along common points of contact in meaning. Then one word is used as the name of several objects at the same time. This is how words have multiple meanings. Polysemantic words have a figurative meaning, for example:

• the blue sea is a sea of ​​wheat - a sea of ​​people;
• light burden - light hand- light industry.

Types of figurative meanings of a word.

Multiple meanings of the word. Direct and figurative meaning of the word.

Words in a language can have one, two or more lexical meanings.

Words that have the same lexical meaning are called unambiguous or monosemic. These words include:

1) various terms (not all): subject, electron;

2) various thematic groups:

a) names of plants (birch, poplar);

b) names of animals (minnow, jay);

c) names of people by occupation (doctor, livestock specialist, pilot).

Moreover, most words in Russian have multiple meanings. The development of polysemy of words is one of the active processes, due to which the vocabulary Russian literary language.

Word used in more than one meaning, usually called ambiguous or polysemic(from Greek poly - many, sema - sign).

For example: according to the dictionary of D.N. Ushakov's word easy

1. light in weight (light leg);

2. easy to learn, solution (easy lesson);

3. small, insignificant (light breeze);

4. superficial, frivolous (light flirting);

5. soft, accommodating (easy character);

6. casual, elegant (light style);

7. smooth, smooth, gliding (easy gait).

One of these meanings is primary, initial, and the others are secondary, resulting from the development of the primary meaning.

The primary value is usually the direct value.

Primary value - ϶ᴛᴏ the basic meaning of the word, directly naming an object, action, property.

In its literal meaning, the word appears out of context. Eg: forest ʼʼmany trees growing over a large spaceʼʼ; in a figurative meaning: many ʼʼforest of handsʼʼ, not understanding anything ʼʼ dark forestʼʼ, construction materialʼʼlogging.

The figurative meaning is secondary. It arises on the basis of the similarity of objects in shape, color, nature of movement, on the basis of association, etc.

There are two differences basic types figurative meaning of the word - metaphorical and metonymic. As a type of metonymy - synecdoche.

Let's look at each one separately.

Metaphorical transfer.

The essence of this transfer is that the name of an object is transferred to another object, based on the similarity of these objects.

The similarity should be:

1. according to form. For example, the word ʼʼbeardʼʼ we call a person’s small beard - ϶ᴛᴏ the direct meaning. In a figurative sense, we call the protrusions of keys a beard. Apple is a fruit, a smooth apple.

2. by color similarity. Gold is a precious metal yellow color͵ ʼʼgold of her hairʼʼ - hair color.

3. by similarity in size. The pole is a long thin pole, the pole is a long thin man.

4. by similarity of sounds. Drum - beat the drum, the rain drums.

5. transfer by function: janitor - a person sweeping the yard, street; A device in a car that is used to clean glass.

Metaphors are about general language- this is the metaphorical meaning of the word, which is widely used and known to all speakers: the head of a nail, the needle of a Christmas tree.

Individually - copyrighted are not characteristic of the common language. Οʜᴎ are created by writers and poets and characterize his stylistic style. Eg , bonfire red rowan, birch th tongue of the grove, chintz sky (S. Yesenin). Started to rumble river life (Leonov).

Metonymic transfer.

Its essence is that the name is transferable from one subject to another on the basis of contiguity.

Here, contiguity is usually understood as spatial contiguity, proximity of an object, temporal contiguity, etc., ᴛ.ᴇ. objects named by the same word may be completely different, but they are nearby in space and time.

1. Transferring a name from a container to its contents: audience - a room for classes, the people in it; class - students (class listened), room; plate - dishes, contents in a plate (ate a bowl of soup).

2. Material - product made from it: crystal - a type of glass, a product made from it; gold - she has gold in her ears.

3. An action is the result of that action.: jam - a cooking process, berries boiled in syrup.

5. Action - the object of this action: book publication – illustrated edition.

6. Action - a means or instrument of action: preparation of vegetables - preparation on the table.

7. Action - place of action: exit from the house - stand at the entrance.

8. Plant - the fruit of a plant: pear, plum.

9. Animal – fur or meat of an animal: chicken, mink, eggs.

10. An organ of the body is a disease of that body.: stomach - the stomach is in pain, the heart is playing naughty.

11. Scientist - his image: Ampere, Volt.

12. Locality - a product invented, manufactured there: Kashimir - a city in India, fabric; Boston is a city in England, fabric.

13. Time - events that took place at that time, year: the year was 1918, 1941.

As a result of metonymy, a number of common nouns, formed from proper names: volt, ampere, ohm, boston, macintosh.

Synecdoche.

This type of lexical transfer is based on the following principle: the name is transferred from part to whole and vice versa.

For example, a “head” is a part of the body of a person or animal.

This name must be transferred to the whole person.

for the whole Headache - direct meaning.

Borya – bright head – figurative (synecdoche).

A herd of 20 heads.

Mouth is part of the face - direct meaning.

“We have 5 mouths in our family” - figurative.

A car is any mechanism, a passenger car.

Overall, a tool is a technical device of some kind (a tool

on part of labor) – direct meaning; gun - portable.

Synecdoche, as a special type of transference, is united by many scientists with metonymy and is perceived as its variety.

Some characteristic features person are often used to designate that person, to refer to him. This use of words is especially typical for colloquial speech: “I’m getting the little blue cap.” ʼʼHey, beard, where are you going?ʼʼ

Little Red Riding Hood is a classic example of synecdoche.

Homework. Abstract by V.V. Vinogradov “Basic types of lexical meanings of words”, “Questions of linguistics” 1953, No. 5.

Topic No. 8. Vocabulary of the Russian language from the point of view of its origin.

Plan.

1. Original Russian vocabulary.

2. Borrowed vocabulary.

3.Old Slavonicisms, their characteristics and use in modern Russian.

The vocabulary of the Russian language is one of the richest in the world and has more than a quarter of a million words.

It is believed that the Russian language contains 90% native and 10% borrowed vocabulary.

The vocabulary of the modern Russian language contains lexical layers of various historical eras.

To the original vocabulary These include all words that came into the modern Russian language from the languages ​​of their ancestors. For this reason, the original Russian vocabulary falls into 4 layers related to different eras. Let's look at each of them.

1.Indo-European vocabulary. Until the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC.

In the 6th-5th millennium BC. there was a single civilization, which was called Indo-European, and a single unwritten Indo-European language.

The words of this era are the most ancient. Οʜᴎ are known not only to Slavic, but also to other families of languages: Germanic, Romance, etc. For example, the word sky is found, in addition to Slavic, in Greek and Latin.

Vocabulary of Indo-European origin includes:

A) some words for kinship terms: mother, sister, brother, wife, daughter, son;

b) name of wild and domestic animals: wolf, goat, cat, sheep, bull;

V) name of food products and vital concepts: sky, fire, house, month, name, water, meat;

G) name of actions and signs: see, divide, eat, be, live, carry, white, vigorous, sick, alive, angry;

d) numerals: two, three, ten;

e) prepositions: without, before.

2.Common Slavic vocabulary(proto-Slavic). From III – II centuries. BC. to VI AD

These are words that arose during the period of linguistic unity of the Slavs. Οʜᴎ, as a rule, are known to all Slavic languages: Ukrainian.
Posted on ref.rf
- spring, Polish – vrosna.

About 2 thousand words belong to this layer. Οʜᴎ make up 25% of the words in our daily communication. These include thematic groups:

1.name of agricultural implements: scythe, hoe, awl, sickle, harrow;

2.product of labor, plants: rye, cereals, flour, cranberries, maple, cabbage;

3.names of animals, birds, insects: hare, cow, fox, snake, woodpecker;

4.names of human body parts: eyebrow, head, tooth, knee, face, forehead;

5.kinship terms: grandson, son-in-law, mother-in-law, godfather;

6.name of home, vital concepts: house, hut, porch, bench, oven, spring, winter, clay, iron, etc.;

7.abstract vocabulary: thought, happiness, evil, good, excitement, grief.

During this period, a large number of

adjectives, denoting characteristics and qualities by color, size, shape: tall, long, large, black;

verbs denoting various labor processes: cut, saw, dig, weed;

verbs denoting actions and states: guess, warm, hold, dare, divide, doze;

numerals: one, four, eight, one hundred, thousand;

pronouns: you, we, you, which, everyone;

adverbs: inside, everywhere, yesterday, tomorrow.

Common Slavic words were the basis for the formation of many new words. For example, from the verb live in the Russian language about 100 derivative words.

3.East Slavic vocabulary. VI century – 14-15 centuries.

Around the 6th-7th century, the collapse of the common Slavic language into the South Slavic, West Slavic and East Slavic (Old Russian) language is attributed. The Old Russian language becomes the language of the Old Russian people, united in the 9th century in single state- Kievan Rus.

East Slavic vocabulary - ϶ᴛᴏ words that arose in the period from the 6th to the 15th centuries, common among the languages ​​of the East Slavic group: Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian. These words are not found in other Slavic languages. Eg:

quite (Russian) zovsim (Ukrainian) zusim (white)

snowfall snowfall snowfall

kinder kinder dabrets

The East Slavic layer represents a fairly diverse vocabulary, reflecting in all its diversity political, economic and cultural life Old Russian state.

During this period, many words appear on the basis of common Slavic vocabulary:

bullfinch (Russian)

snow< снiгур (укр.)

snyagir (white)

complex numerals: eleven, forty, ninety;

Difficult words: hook-nosed, today;

suffix words – finch, blackberry, pantry.

4.Actually Russian vocabulary.

In the 14th century due to the collapse Kievan Rus The Old Russian language splits into Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian. The Russian (Great Russian) nationality was formed.

Actually Russian vocabulary - ϶ᴛᴏ words that arose from the formation of the Russian nationality and continue to arise to the present day.

The basis for the creation of Russian vocabulary itself were words and morphemes of original Russian origin. ᴛ.ᴇ. Common Slavic, East Slavic:

1.almost all words with suffixes: chick/schik, nickname, - body, - lk, - nost

mason, wallet, teacher, mower;

2.many difficult words: steamship, airplane, steelprogress;

3.words with prefixes na, do, for and suffix xia: to look at it, to wake it up, to start talking;

4.abbreviations: JSC – Joint-Stock Company, CJSC - closed joint stock company, LLC - limited liability company, private security company - private security company.

Types of figurative meanings of a word. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Types of figurative meanings of words." 2017, 2018.

Subject “When a word is used figuratively.”

Target: achieve conscious assimilation of the figurative and expressive capabilities of the word.

Tasks :

1. organize student activities to continue studying the lexical meaning and visual and expressive capabilities of a word: show how metaphors, personifications, and epithets are created based on the figurative meaning of words;
2. promote the development of the ability to find words with a figurative meaning (tropes) in the text, give an interpretation of words used in a figurative meaning, establish the figurative and figurative function of words, thereby promoting enrichment vocabulary students;
3. create favorable conditions to cultivate a sense of respect for masters of words and the formation of cognitive interest in learning the Russian language.

Lesson type : combined.

Lesson Plan

I. Organizational moment.

Greetings

So the bell rang,

We are starting our lesson.

Don't yawn in class

And work and write.

Open your notebooks, write down the number and cool work.Slide 1

II. Checking homework.

Warm-up “Pick a daisy.”

(a chamomile is attached to the board; students, if desired, pluck the petals of the flower and answer the questions on the topic of the previous lesson).

What is vocabulary? (Vocabulary of the language)

In which branch of the science of language is the vocabulary of a language studied? (Lexicology)

What is the lexical meaning of a word? ( Main meaning words)

How many lexical meanings does a word have? (One or more)

What are words called depending on the number of lexical meanings? (Single-valued and multi-valued) For example:

What meaning is called figurative? (which transfers the name of an item to another item) For example:

What is one of the secrets of the amazing imagery and expressiveness of the Russian language? (There are a lot of words in it that are used not only in a literal but also figurative meaning)

III. Setting the topic and objectives of the lesson.

1. Teacher's word(Slide 2)

Notice the theme written on the screen: "When a word is used figuratively". Are you familiar with this topic? Why then do we return to it again? (We should probably learn something new on this topic)

That's right, we will continue to study the meaning and figurative and expressive capabilities of words. But first, I suggest you take a “short walk to the river” together with the poetess Irina Tokmakova to solve the riddle of one tree. The answer will be the key to the topic of our lesson.

2. Reading of Irina Tokmakova’s poem “Willow” by a student:

Near the river, at the cliff

The willow is crying, the willow is crying.

Maybe,she feels sorry for someone?

Maybeshe's hot in the sun?

Maybe,windplayful

He pulled the willow's pigtail?

Maybe,willow is thirsty?

Maybe we should go ask?

(Handout)

Did you like the poem?

What seemed unusual to you about this poem?

What words indicate that the willow is like a living tree? Name them.

Read these words carefully again. How do they draw the willow tree in the poem? (Crying like a girl)

3. Teacher's word

The poetess I. Tokmakova saw similarities between willow and crying girl. However, see the similarities between different objects- the task is not easy. In our lesson, we will learn to observe from poets and writers who have a special gift for noticing what is not seen a common person. Writers and poets constantly use words with figurative meanings in their works.

This is how special things appear in language means of expression - trails (Slide 3) - a word or figure of speech in figuratively, which can “come to life, grow stronger, and be filled with expressive power.”

Write it down in your dictionary.

IV. Mastering new material.

You will find out what trails there are by completing

Exercise 1

Open the textbooks on page 92, read the linguistic text expressively in ex. 259.

What words are you unfamiliar with?

Task 2

(Slide 4)

The Russian language has many means of figurativeness and expressiveness. Meaning of the wordwarm (look)isportable . Types of figurative use are: metaphor, personification, epithet.(Dictionary)

Explain their meaning using a dictionary entry.

(Slide 5 personification

Slide 6 metaphor

Slide 7 epithet)

V. Physical education minute.

Are you probably tired?

Well, then everyone stood up together,

They stomped their feet,

Hands patted.

Twirled, twirled

And everyone sat down at their desks.

We close our eyes tightly,

We count to 5 together.

Open - blink

And we continue to work. (Perform movements following the teacher)

VI. Primary consolidation of new material.

Exercise 1(Slide 8)

Write down the sentences and underline the means of expression in the proposed passages -trails - metaphors, epithets, personifications.

What pictures do you “see” behind these words?

1) You could hear howwas leavingfrom the forest at nightfreezing. Heknockedstickthe trees are getting quieter, getting further away.

2) For a long timethere was a thunderstorm, but on birch trees from leaf to leafjumpingnaughtyraindrops. Hanging on the tipshaking with fear, and, sparkling desperately,jumpinginto a puddle.

Task 2(Slide 9)

Guess the riddles

Riddle 1. Red maidenRiddle 2. For a curly tuft

Sitting in prisonI dragged the fox out of the hole.

And the braid is on the street. To the touch - very smooth,

Tastes like sugar, sweet.

(Folk riddle) (E. Blaginina)

What words indicate that you guessed the riddle correctly?

Find words used figuratively.

Based on what signs did the value transfer occur in the first (humanization) and in the second (comparison)riddles?

What is the name of the technique of “humanizing” the plant in the first riddle? (Personification).

Why is the carrot compared to a fox in the second riddle?

What common characteristics do foxes and carrots have?

What is this comparison technique called? (Metaphor).

In which riddle do you find the most poetic description of the carrot?

Task 3

Metaphors, epithets, personifications are found not only in riddles. They also meet in works of art. Listen to D. Zuev’s miniature “Melody of Spring”.

Each season has its own music. The snow has faded. In an explosive stream, silver balls hastily roll down from the roofs. Sings melodiously, the drops tick loudly. The beating icicles quietly chime and shatter into pieces, like dropped crystal. And in the bushes it’s as if a silver bell is ringing. This is filled with icicles. The violins of frost fell silent, and just yesterday they spoke in full voice.A ray of sunshine starts the music of spring, and the birds and water sing along with it.( Handout ).

What sounds of spring did you hear?

How do you understand the meaning of the word melody?

Is it used in the title of the miniature in a literal or figurative sense?

Find metaphors, personifications, epithets in the text.

Epithets:“its own music” (intonation expressiveness), “explosive”, “silver”, “beating”, “dropped”, “full”, “quiet”.

Metaphors: “music... of the season”, “silver balls breaking into pieces”, “violins of frost”, “speaking in a full voice”.

Personifications: "the snow has faded”, “the drops are singing”, “the violins were talking”, “the icicles are pouring”, “ Sunbeam starts the music."

VII. Self-test of knowledge.

1. Solve the test

I. Determine which row it is inmetaphor . Slide 10

1. The bow of a ship, the wing of an airplane.

2. Sweet memories, sunny mood.

3. The wind howls, the frost heals.

II. Choose which row you are inpersonification. Slide 11

1. Emerald eyes, golden hands.

2. A mountain of gifts, a lot of wishes.

3 . Angry winter, the forest is dormant.

III. Think about what row they are inepithets . Slide 12

1. Crescent moon, river of time.

2 . Heated argument, heavy feeling, fiery hair.

3. Angry wind, cheerful sun.

(1,3,2) ( Handout).

2. Evaluate your work: 3b. - “5”, 2b. -“4”, 1b. - “3”.

VIII. Summarizing.

1. Determining the degree of implementation of the assigned tasks.

Let's see how well the lesson's objectives have been achieved.

2 Reflection.

1. Task cards

Complete the sentence:

1. Today in class I learned...

2. The best person in the lesson was ...

3. I can praise my classmates for...

4. I can say thank you (to whom?) for (what) ...

5. Today’s lesson was...

2. Find the balls on the desks.

(Slide 13)

If you haveeverything worked outin class, take a pink one,

something didn't work out- blue,

nothing succeeded- yellow.

IX. Homework paragraph 34, ex. 261. (Slide 14)

(Slide 15) Thanks for your work!

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