District Tyoply Stan. History of the Teply Stan district and the village of Mosrentgen What is Teply Stan

History of the Teply Stan district and the village of Mosrentgen

The name of our district is perhaps one of the most mysterious geographical names in Moscow. In the old days it was worn by a former village near Moscow, or more precisely, a group of settlements centered in the village of Troitskoye.

On the geographical map of 1763, bearing the colorful title “Plan of the reigning City of Moscow with an indication of the places lying at Thirty Versts in the Okrug”, one of the best examples of Russian cartography of the mid-18th century, the cartographer used a lowercase, small letter in the word “stans”, because in that at times the term stan was both understandable for him and used in oral speech precisely as a common noun - unlike us, modern Muscovites...

The word warm is interpreted the same way by everyone - insulated, equipped for winter housing, heated

For an explanation of the word Stan, let's try to refer to Vladimir Dahl's explanatory dictionary. There it has several meanings.

Camp: a place where road travelers stopped for a rest, a temporary stay, and all the equipment was in place, with carts, livestock, tents or other land; parking place and all equipment. Military, military camp, bivouac, camp.

The camp is in the district, the residence, stay of the police officer, and the district itself is his department. The county is divided into 2-3 camps, police stations.

The camp and encampment have now been replaced by a strange, distorted station: a village where horses were changed (there were no postal horses, but ordinary ones, later pit horses), or a farmstead at a crossroads, a hut purposely erected for shelter, for resting and feeding horses.

Thus, etymologists and toponymists derive several versions of the origin of the name. Here are the most common ones:

One of the hypotheses connects the origin of the name of the villages of Upper and Lower Teplye Stan with the Horde invasion. Waves of devastating Tatar raids swept through this region near Moscow more than once, and the Khan's Baskaks scoured between Moscow and the Golden Horde, making a halt here.

The directory "Names of Moscow Streets" writes: ...There is an assumption that this name is connected with the distant past: the army of one of the Tatar khans who marched on Moscow spent the winter here in insulated tents. According to another version, there were settlements of “Horde people”, otherwise “chislyaks”, or “delyuevs” - tax people who lived here (i.e. peasants subject to tax - a fee in favor of the state), who served visiting ambassadors of the Golden Horde, on This is where the ambassadors stopped when entering and leaving the capital."

No convincing documentary evidence in favor of these versions was found in Russian archives.

Now, regarding another meaning of the word stan, the name of the administrative-territorial unit in the Russian state of the 14th-16th centuries:

Among modern Moscow geographical names - toponyms - the word "stan" appears only once in the combination Teply Stan. However, three centuries ago in Russia, geographical names - stans - were much more common.

At that time, the term “stan” denoted the minimum unit of administrative-territorial division. The entire territory of the country was divided into counties (in the 17th century there were more than 200 of them), and the counties were divided into camps and volosts. According to documents of the pre-Petrine era, the concepts of “stan” and “volost” are equal, but “stans” are found twice as often. Camp area of the 17th century. (or volosts) was three to four times the size of the modern average district of Moscow.

In the 18th century, on the territory of modern Moscow (within the Moscow Ring Road) there were eight of them (the names retain the originality of the Russian transcription of the 17th century): Vasiltsov; G o r e t o v; Kopotensky; Manatin, Bykov, Korovin; R a t u e v; S e t u n s k o y; S o se nskaya; Chermnev.

Judging by the fact that there is no administrative territorial unit with the name Teply Stan among them, this obviously has nothing to do with the origin of the Moscow toponym Teply Stan. Although, the area occupied by Teply Stany suggests a rather large administrative-territorial unit.

And finally, the third hypothesis, which seems the most plausible:

In the old days, the distance from Moscow to the villages of Upper and Lower Teplye Stans along the Kaluga road (in some sources it is called Borovskaya or Staraya Kashirskaya) was about 17 kilometers, that is, it was equal to one horse ride. Consequently, travelers and riders had to stop here, dismount, feed their horses and give them a rest. Thus, here was the last heated refuge on the way from Moscow to Kaluga.

"But here comes Teply Stan, where the firelight glows,

They are in a hurry to help the queen..."

This is what the poet Semyon Kirsanov wrote about this village near Moscow in his poem “Kaluga Highway”. According to legend, the empress called Teplye Stans truly warm for the warm welcome she received here.

Retreating along the Kaluga Highway from the burned-out Moscow, Napoleon made a halt in Teply Stan. From here his last glance was cast at Moscow, which had not submitted to him, and at the mysterious and strong Russia that could not be solved.

Geography of the area

Teply Stan from a bird's eye view

This land has always been replete with ravines, gullies, deciduous forests in the interfluves and here and there pine forests - in valleys and gullies. On the territory of the district there is the highest place in Moscow: the Teplostanskaya Upland, a spur of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland reaches 253 meters in the area of the Uzkoe estate and the beginning of Teply Stan Street. As for the level of the Moscow River, the Teplostanskaya Upland exceeds it by 130 meters.

Here the upper reaches of four relatively large rivers are very close together - Ochakovka (the source of Ramenka), Chertanovka, Bitsa and Sosenka. Close to this point, Samorodinka, Konkonsky Ravine, Dubinkinskaya River, Gorodnya, Rumyanievsky Stream, Setunka and Setun also begin. From here rivers flow in all directions. Setun first flows to the west, then turns to the north and east, bypassing the main massif of the Teplostan Upland from the west and north. Ochakovka and Samorodinka behave similarly. The pine tree first heads southwest, then begins to bypass the hill from the south. Gorodnya and Chertanovka constantly flow to the east. The upper reaches of the Ramenka, Chura and Kotlovka are also close together. They flow down from the high Vorontsov Hill. On the main hill of the Sparrow Hills (near Moscow State University) the Kipyatka, Krovyanka, Rogachevka, Onuchin ravine and two more nameless watercourses flow into Ramenka. The three listed points (together with two more less pronounced ones) form one line - the main watershed of the Teplostan Upland (a range of hills).

Forests, ravines, hills - all this remained, and the name of the village was preserved in the name of the new street, in the name of the Teply Stan metro station, the entire living massif, spread out on the territory between the Moscow Ring Road, Leninsky Prospekt, Ostrovityanova streets and the Profsoyuznaya and Teplostanskaya Uplands.

In the plans of a century ago, this place was designated as Teplye Stany, because there were three villages - Upper Teplye Stany - on the edge of the Nerakov ravine, Nizhnie Teplye Stany (on the site of the current village of Mamyri, which is located not far from Moscow along the Kaluga highway), assigned to the neighboring village "Novgorodsky, Uskovo also" (modern Uzkoy) and Pochinok Teply Stan, former Vyselki, which bore the second name - Kuznetsy, - on the top of the steep Kuznetsky ravine - later - Bolshoye Golubino. The villages surrounded the village of Troitskoye, with a church, a “patrimonial yard” and the huts of the courtyard people. The Kaluga road ran between the village of Troitsky with the headwaters of the Sosenka River and the village of Golubino with the headwaters of the Bitsa River (in the old days it was called a little differently - Abitza). Until the middle of the 19th century. The first postal station from Moscow along the Old Kaluga Road was located on the territory of Tyoply Stan.

In the early 1970s, when a wide canvas of the new Moscow highway was being laid, pushing aside the strip of the Old Kaluga Highway, where Profsoyuznaya Street ends, on its left side one could still find the remains of the courtyards of the old Teply Stan, whose residents moved across the road to new ones nine-story buildings. This is all that remained of the once bustling villages, postal station, inn, taverns, and shops. The last buildings of the village were demolished in 1971-74. Now an indoor reservoir has been built here, supplying the most delicious drinking water in Moscow to Yasenevo, Teply Stan, Konkovo and other areas of the South-Western Administrative District. Nearby are the remains of once luxurious apple orchards.

At the intersection of modern Profsoyuznaya and MKAD streets, Verkhnie Teplye Stany was located. The village of Troitskoye lay on the outskirts of the present village of Mosrentgen.

Trinity Church in the village of Mosrentgen

Now there is no manor house in Troitsky. But there is the Church of the Holy Trinity, a chain of ponds, and the remains of a regular park. The main witnesses left from the estate are oaks and linden trees. And only the one-domed Trinity Church convinces that Teply Stany was once here. This temple appeared more than three hundred years ago - at the end of the 17th century.

This is an octagon on a quadrangle, i.e. its lower part is quadrangular in plan, and its upper part is octagonal; Adjacent to the east is a semicircular altar, to the west is a small refectory and bell tower, the first tier of which is still preserved, and to the south is a vast lowered volume of the chapel.

Construction began in 1686 by the serving nobles Streshnevs, and was completed in 1696 by the subsequent owner, Avtonom Ivanov. In 1823, under the management of Ivan Nikiforovich Tyutchev, the father of the great Russian poet, with whose name the name of the village is inextricably linked, the ancient building was updated, then details of classical architecture, pylons, appeared on the facade. At the same time, the second aisle was completed.

In 1907, the Trinity Church became the subject of special study by historians of Russian art F. F. Gornostaev and N. V. Nikitin. The acts of the commission prescribe the restoration of the lost turquoise background on the five-tiered iconostasis. Icons from it are transferred for restoration to the icon painter P. M. Sokolov, for whom even the address of the apartment and workshop has been preserved - Rogozhskaya part, house No. 30, on Khiva Street. But perhaps the most interesting discovery of art historians was the fact that the royal doors of the Trinity Church, built by Tyutchev’s parents, were either a repetition or a direct copy of the royal doors of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg, painted by V. L. Borovikovsky. It is possible that the Tyutchevs themselves turned to the famous Russian painter with an order - an interesting detail in the chronicle of the poet’s family, and perhaps in the work of Borovikovsky.

During the Soviet years, the temple, like many others, was closed. Before its return to the Russian Orthodox Church, it housed living quarters and a laboratory at the Institute of Earth Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The interior of the temple was badly damaged, the frescoes were lost. In 1992, the church was returned to the believers and restored. At the same time, a three-tiered tented bell tower was completed, the interior of the temple was completely renewed, arches were built over the entrance gate, and the area around the temple was landscaped. Now it is a brick, plastered three-part axial church with the main Trinity altar, and the completed right St. Nicholas chapel.

The original decorative decoration in the spirit of the Moscow Baroque has largely been lost; the decor of the building is in the Empire style. The northern facade of the church is decorated with a pilaster portico, above which a large semicircular window cuts through the wall.

Services at Trinity Church resumed on October 14, 1993. The temple was consecrated again on June 30, 1996 by Bishop Gregory of Mozhaisk, vicar of the Moscow diocese. After the opening of the temple, repair and restoration work began.

First owners

It is believed that among the princely estates near Moscow, the local lands were highly valued. As the historian of these places, Baron D.O. Shepping, tells, the possessions were formed over many years through numerous purchases and exchanges of villages and wastelands, which he traced from documents from the 17th century. So, in 1627, the villages of Govorovo and Zhukovo on the Nerakov ravine, the wastelands of Popovka, Durakovo, Rudnevo, Oshcherino and Belyaevo were listed as the property of Philip Grigoryevich Bashmakov, and the wasteland of Timonin on the estate was owned by Prince Dmitry Obolensky.

Burnt out and depopulated during the Time of Troubles, “the wasteland of Voztsy, Teply Stan and the village of Uzkoe” in 1628 (according to archival documents) were granted to the Moscow service nobleman Maxim Fedorovich Streshnev for his participation in the liberation of Moscow from the regiments of the Polish prince Vladislav. Maxim Streshnev is a close relative of Tsarina Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva, wife of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.

In the census book of 1646, Troitskoye is mentioned as a village “that was the wasteland of Govorov.” There was only one landowner's yard in the village. Govorovo is then again mentioned as a wasteland, and the census finds “Zhukovo, Govorovo also,” a village with one yard, where 2 bobyls lived. The particle “tozh” in this case does not speak of several villages, as it might seem at first glance, but of the presence of several names for the village, which, as a rule, indicates its considerable age.

Streshnev managed to transfer part of the lands, namely Narrow and Lower Teplye Stans, into patrimony, in other words, into hereditary possession, and they remained in the possession of his family until the 18th century, until they came into the possession of the Golitsyn princes, since B.V. Golitsyn married E.I. Streshneva, and part of it - the village of Govorova - Verkhnie Teplye Stany and Troitskoye itself - at the beginning of the 17th century went to F.G. Bashmakov, and over time ended up in the possession of Fyodor Shaklovity - the royal okolnik and head of the Streletsky Prikaz, the favorite and well-known supporter of Princess Sofia Alekseevna, the imperious and tough-tempered elder sister of Peter, who from clerks elevated him to a Duma nobleman and okolnik and time; In 1682, he was given control of the Streletsky Prikaz. Shaklovity was the princess’s support on her path to power and became her best adviser in international affairs. In 1687, Fyodor Shaklovity, along with other awards, received the Teplostan lands.

Shaklovity takes the side of Princess Sophia and becomes her ardent supporter. However, Fyodor's attempt to raise the archers against the Naryshkins and Peter I was unsuccessful. The famous “Shaklovity Case” ends with the execution of the overzealous assistant of the disgraced princess excommunicated from power.

Avtonom Ivanov

From the end of the 17th century, the Teplostan land, or rather the village of Govorova (later - the village of Troitskoye with the village of Verkhnie Teplye Stany) came into the possession of Avtonom Ivanov, one of those senior Duma clerks who took the side of young Peter and signed the ruler’s abdication from power.

Avtonom Ivanov was the son of a Moscow parish priest. Even during the time of Sophia, he rose to one of the highest administrative positions of the Local Prikaz, which was in charge of land holdings, and in this position received the title of Duma clerk. In the struggle for power between Sophia and Pyotr Alekseevich, the highly experienced clerk took the latter’s side, for which he was given a charter for “the estate of the thief, traitor and cross-criminal Fedka Shaklovity.” So Teplye Stany found a new owner.

Peter instructed Autonomous to be in charge of three exclusively responsible orders at once - Inozemsky, Reitarsky and Pushkarsky, on the activities of which the formation of the renewed Russian army depended. In 1705-1706, in Moscow, the “dragoon regiment of the Duma clerk Autonomous Ivanovich Ivanov” was created from service people and recruits, soon renamed Azov, commanded by a certain Pavlov. All expenses for the maintenance, uniforms and weapons of the soldiers were borne by Autonom. The regiment fought well near Poltava, and proved itself well in the Prut campaign, which, undoubtedly, was the merit of Ivanov. Autonomous Ivanov left a memory of himself on the Teplostan land. As a patrimonial owner, Avtonom in 1696 completed the construction of the Trinity Church (hence the name of the village), begun by Shaklovity’s predecessors, the Streshnevs, in 1686. Thus, the village, together with the “patrimonial yard” and the courtyards of service people, turns into the village of Troitskoye. The wealth of Avtonom Ivanov, which captured the imagination of the author of the biographical note in the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, disappeared almost as quickly as it appeared

Upper Teply Stan, together with the courtyard on Vagankovo, was inherited by his son Nikolai, married to Anna Ivanovna Tyutcheva. Nikolai Avtonomovich died early, the widow hastened to remarry, dividing the Ivanovo inheritance with her five daughters.

Saltychikha

So the widow of the guard-captain Daria Nikolaevna Saltykova, the notorious Saltychikha, became the owner of Verkhniye Teplye Stanov and the village of Troitsky. Having become a widow at the age of twenty-five, by the age of thirty-two she managed to literally drive into the grave 139 of the 600 serfs who belonged to her - mainly women and girls. D.N. Saltykova had villages in both the Vologda and Kostroma provinces, but she preferred the “patrimonial yard” in the village of Troitsky to all her possessions. Its main victims were the peasants of Upper Teply Stan. These are their nameless graves, hastily dug up, buried even more hastily, and surrounded the old Trinity Church. The peasants addressed her with complaints, but thanks to influential relationships and gifts, everything ended in the punishment and exile of the complainants. Only in the summer of 1762, two peasants whose wives were killed by Saltychikha managed to file a complaint with Empress Catherine II herself.

The investigation into the case of the “torturer and murderer” lasted six years and ended with the announcement of Daria Saltykova’s death sentence.

The liberal Catherine II, who was proud that there were no executions in Russia during her reign, replaced the initial death sentence with lifelong solitary confinement in a monastery. Before taking Saltychikha to a special underground prison prepared for her under the arches of the church of the Moscow Ivanovsky Monastery (current I. E. Zabelin Street), the criminal was placed on the scaffold for one hour with the inscription on her chest: “Tormentor and murderer.” From now on, Daria Saltykova-Ivanova was deprived of her entire fortune, nobility, the very right to be called by the surname of her father or husband, and even to be considered a woman.

In 1778, Saltychikha was transferred to a dungeon attached to the monastery church and which had a window covered from the outside with a green curtain, through which those who wished could look at the criminal.

Saltychikha sat in her dungeon for more than twenty years. She died in 1801 and was buried in the Donskoy Monastery along with members of the Saltykov family. Its dungeon, together with the church, was dismantled in 1860.

Much later, the future heir of the estate, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, recalled how on the eve of the War of 1812, his father took his eldest sons, Nikolai and Fyodor, to the Ivanovo Monastery, showing them a small window hung with sackcloth, behind which the murderer Saltychikha spent more than twenty years in the basement.

Saltychikha's passion.

During the investigation into the Saltychikha case, Verkhnie Teplye Stany and the village of Troitsky were put up for sale “for debts.”

The owner was Ivan Nikiforovich Tyutchev, the husband of Saltychikha’s sister, a Bryansk nobleman, an honorary guardian of the Moscow orphanage, an actual state councilor and a zealous owner of the acquired estate. After Saltychikha’s conviction, he becomes the guardian of her sons Fyodor and Nikolai, and during the sale of property he himself acts as the buyer and becomes the owner of the village of Troitsky and the village of Teply Stan. During his ownership of the estate, he managed to rebuild the “patrimonial house”, and lay out a regular park with dug ponds, the remains of which can be discerned even today, and to gather many guests in Troitsky, among whom several writers related to the Tyutchevs appeared.

Following this, Upper Teply Stan and Troitskoye came into the possession of the grandfather of the great poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, Second Major Nikolai Ivanovich Tyutchev (1720-1797). Among his direct ancestors are a reitar from the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the sons of a reitar - steward Timofey and solicitor Daniil, participants in the Crimean campaigns who continued to serve under Peter I, the grandfather of second-major Andrei Danilovich, who was dismissed from military service under Catherine I "with an appointment to the Military Collegium and to police matters."

Nikolai Andreevich Tyutchev, the poet’s own grandfather, was honored to go down in history not only thanks to his great grandson, whose birth he did not even live to see. Second Major Tyutchev had reason to count on the gratitude of his contemporaries and descendants. While still in the rank of captain, this officer became famous for his affair with Daria Nikolaevna Saltykova, who at the very beginning of the 1750s paid favorable attention to him, inflamed with a “love passion” for him, as the unlucky major later wrote in a complaint addressed to the authorities. They were distant relatives (Daria's mother was nee Tyutcheva), their estates near Moscow were adjacent.

One day, while driving around her property, a 25-year-old widow heard shots in her forest. This surprised her, because, knowing her character, the neighbors would not have dared to do such a thing. The servants rushed to catch the poacher. He turned out to be a young nobleman, engineer Nikolai Tyutchev. Captain Tyutchev was engaged in land surveying and carried out topographic surveys of the area south of Moscow, along the Great Kaluga Road.

He was taken captive to the estate of Saltychikha, who liked him. At first she treated him like a simple man, but when she tried to open her arms, Tyutchev, out of patience, knocked her down with a blow of his fist.

After this, Saltychikha’s love for Tyutchev becomes even stronger, but Tyutchev didn’t like such a friend much. A woman of heroic build, with a masculine voice, ardent temperament, rude and sadistically tough, Daria turned out to be unacceptable even for the frantic Nikolai Andreevich, and he decided to escape from Teply Stan. Saltychikha, anticipating her lover's flight, doubled her vigilance. While trying to escape, Tyutchev's grandfather was captured and thrown into a cold barn, from which one of the courtyard girls helped him get out.

We do not know how long this “affair” lasted, but it is reliably known that before Lent in 1762 the captain left Daria Nikolaevna and wooed her neighbor on the estate, the girl Pelageya Panyutina.

Daria Saltykova, having learned about her rival, decided to kill her. She tried to blow up Panyutina’s Moscow house, which was located behind the Prechistensky Gate, near Zemlyanoy Gorod, for which Saltykova’s groom Alexei Savelyev, on her instructions, bought five pounds of gunpowder from the main office of artillery and fortification and made a homemade explosive device, which was supposed to be “tucked under the lock of the house.” ", after which the house should have been set on fire, "so that this captain Tyutchev and that bride in that house would burn down."

After an unsuccessful explosion attempt, Saltykova learned that Panyutina and Tyutchev were going to Bryansk district. Their path lay along the Great Kaluga Road, past her estates. An ambush was set up outside Teply Stan: the Saltychikha courtyards, armed with guns and clubs, were waiting for the bride and groom. Good people warned the captain about the impending danger. He did not rely on fate and decided to seek protection from the authorities. A petition was submitted to the court order and a convoy “on four sleighs, with a club” was requested to ensure safety.

The Tyutchevs fled from their homes at night, along forest paths, having deceived the spies posted by Saltychikha around their village. The road of the fugitives lay in the bride's estate Ovstug, where F.I. Tyutchev was born half a century later.

Tyutchevs

All this happened in early spring, and already at the beginning of summer an investigation began against Daria Saltykova, she was arrested, and the estate was confiscated.

And captain Tyutchev in April 1762 became the husband of Pelageya Denisovna Panyutina. He was not a rich man: he personally owned only 160 serf souls, moreover, scattered in six villages of three different districts of the Yaroslavl and Tula provinces. His wife Pelageya received 20 serfs and a parental home in the village of Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province, as a dowry. Near the house there was a modest church and a bell tower. The house was surrounded on all sides by a garden with centuries-old linden trees and thick lilacs. The newlyweds settled in Ovstug and actively took up housekeeping. Nikolai Andreevich was a serviceable officer, he was elected leader of the Bryansk nobility, but his career was not particularly successful. He rose only to the rank of second major (according to other sources, he retired with the rank of colonel), but his economic successes more than compensated for his service failures. Tyutchev and his wife constantly bought land and peasants and successfully fought litigation with neighbors over disputed plots of land. It should be emphasized that we have not received evidence either of the extraordinary agronomic achievements of the poet’s grandfather, or of his intensive trade turnover or risky speculation. But the deeds of sale for the new land holdings have been well preserved, and among the estates acquired by the Tyutchevs are the well-known village of Troitskoye near Moscow and the village of Verkhniy Teply Stan.

A quarter of a century later, the Tyutchevs became very wealthy people and owned 2,717 serf souls, with 1,641 souls purchased in the name of Nikolai Andreevich, and Pelageya Denisovna acquired 1,074 souls. A large manor house was built in Ovstug and a regular park with ponds was laid out.

One of the most famous biographers of the poet is V.V. Kozhinov, referring to the legend of the Ovstug peasants, wrote that Fyodor Ivanovich’s grandfather “allowed himself to wild antics. He dressed up as an ataman of robbers and, with a gang of his also mummered servants, robbed merchants on the large trade road that passed near Ovstug...”. Another modern biographer is G.V. Chagin. disputed this statement and considered the legend itself absurd: “In this case, it’s not far from asserting that the entire fortune acquired by the poet’s grandfather smelled of looted money...”. In any case, Second-Major Tyutchev was not distinguished by religious piety, although he built in Ovstug not only a manor house, but also a stone Assumption Church (1776), into which he subsequently made rich contributions and spared no expense on its decoration. He probably had something to beg forgiveness from the Lord for.

Nikolai Andreevich had a large family - four sons and four daughters. The appearance of his eldest daughter Anastasia has been preserved for us by a portrait by the famous painter Rokotov; the youngest daughter, Nadezhda, in her declining years was N.V. Gogol’s closest friend. And the eldest son Ivan, born in 1768, became the father of the greatest creator of world poetry.

The Tyutchevs' possessions are so significant in terms of the number of souls they own that in 1812, the widow of the second-major equipped four militiamen from Teplye Stan. By that time, the grandson of Pelageya Denisovna Tyutcheva-Panyutina, the future poet, was nine years old. The poet's parents, the son of Pelageya Denisovna, guard lieutenant Ivan Nikolaevich, and his wife Ekaterina Lvovna, née Tolstoy, lived in the old family nest of Ovstug.

Ivan Nikolaevich Tyutchev, as if in contrast to his “frantic” father, as family legends testify, “was distinguished by extraordinary complacency, gentleness, rare purity of morals and enjoyed universal respect.”

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5, new style) 1803 in the village of Ovstug, where he spent his childhood, adolescence and the first years of his youth. Fedor was the second child in the family. His brother Nikolai was born two years earlier, and in 1806 the poet’s sister Daria was born. The Tyutchevs had three more sons - Sergei, Dmitry and Vasily, but they died at a very early age. Undoubtedly, the passionate and refined nature of his mother Ekaterina Lvovna, née Tolstoy, played a very important role in the development of the poet’s personality (thus, F.I. Tyutchev was the sixth cousin of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy). During the French invasion, the Tyutchevs moved to Troitskoye near Moscow, and when Napoleon attacked Moscow they were forced to leave for their Yaroslavl possessions. During the retreat of Napoleonic troops from Moscow, the villages of Troitskoye and Teplye Stany were devastated and burned. The estate was restored, and the parents of the poet, guard lieutenant Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna Tyutchev, remained to live in Troitsky. The future poet was nine years old by that time.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev

"...The soul is ready, like Mary,

To cling to the feet of Christ forever."

Fyodor Tyutchev was much more attached to Moscow and the Moscow region than to his homeland - Ovstug, which he visited only a few times. “The places are not nice, although they are dear,” he wrote about the Bryansk estate.

His youth and student years were very closely connected with Moscow. In winter he lived in a magnificent city estate in Armenian Lane. Troitskoe, empty after the death of the grandmother, lay only twelve miles from the Kaluga outpost - the first postal station along the Old Kashirskaya Road.

The young poet spent the spring and summer in Teply Stan, not far from the Trinity Church, where he had a wonderful rest among the discreet beauty of central Russia.

These poor villages

This meager nature -

The native land of long-suffering,

You are the land of the Russian people!..

He won't understand or notice

Proud look of a foreigner

What shines through and secretly shines

In your humble nakedness.

Dejected by the burden of the godmother,

All of you, dear land,

In slave form, the King of Heaven

He came out blessing.

No wonder Tyutchev is called the singer of nature. And of course, he fell in love with her not in the living rooms of Munich and Paris, not in the foggy twilight of St. Petersburg, and not even in the patriarchal Moscow full of flowering gardens in the first half of the 19th century.

S.E. Rajic

Among the interesting diary entries of the teacher Fyodor Tyutchev, who was S. Raich, there is this: “... I remember those sweet hours when, in the spring and summer, living in the Moscow region, F.I. and I would leave home, stocked up on Horace, Virgil or one of the Russian writers and, sitting down in a grove, on a hill, delved into reading..."

Semyon Egorovich Amfitheatrov, who later became widely known as a journalist and poet-translator under the name Raich, an excellent teacher of Russian literature, far from an ordinary young man, from 1813 he was the teacher of the poet, who was then in his tenth year of life. Before becoming a home teacher, Semyon Yegorovich was predicted to have a great future in the spiritual field. Over the years, Metropolitan of Kiev Filaret, who is his brother, could also provide patronage. But even from the time he studied at the Sevsk Theological Seminary, the young man became passionately interested in poetry. And the future clergyman had to carefully hide this hobby.

The village of Troitskoye near Moscow in Teplye Stany, where both spent the spring and summer of 1815 studying poetry, then belonged to his grandfather, Nikolai Andreevich, who at that time was growing rich and buying up land. But out of old memory, he did not like the Moscow Region, but his grandson was delighted with the cozy house, the grove on the hill and the clear dug ponds, the remains of which have survived to this day. There, in Troitsky, many of Tyutchev’s youthful poems were born. We can say that the formation of the young poet took place here. This land inspired Tyutchev's poetry. Here, in his words, “the great celebration of wonderful youth blossomed.”

The Complete Works of the poet now includes 16 poems dating back to the earliest period of his work. Many of them are filled with imitation of great poets, including Horace, whom the young man “in his thirteenth year... was already translating with remarkable success.” In one of these poems, the poet, addressing a nobleman swimming in luxury, shames him for not paying attention to hungry widows and orphans, and promises him the most severe heavenly and earthly punishments for this.

Pogodin

In 1818, Prince Ivan Dmitrievich Trubetskoy invited Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin (1800-1875), a future historian, publicist, and writer, as a teacher to his children in the village of Znamenskoye, who immediately joined the Znamensky society and later became the prince’s personal secretary. Pogodin was then in need and earned extra money by giving private lessons to wealthy noble families. It is possible that Tyutchev also used the services of Pogodin, who was diligent in his studies.

Troitskoye was located seven miles from Znamensky. Fyodor Ivanovich visited the Znamenskaya estate more than once. He was well known there. The Trubetskoys’ guest, Alexandra Nikolaevna Golitsyna (in Levashov’s second marriage), was constantly flirting with him, “who, as she says, does not like Tyutchev, but she talks to him incessantly” (from Pogodin’s diary). At the same time, Pogodin went and went to Tyutchev’s estate, sometimes taking with him the princesses, his students. The remains of the road along which friends walked to each other are still visible among the oaks of the Yasenevsky forest...

Many years later, after the death of Fyodor Ivanovich, in July 1873, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin published one of the earliest verbal portraits of the young poet in the Moskovskie Vedomosti newspaper: “I imagined him in my imagination as I came to him for the first time, to a university friend, on a date during a vacation, on foot from the village of Znamensky near Moscow, on the Serpukhov road - to Troitskoye, on Kaluzhskaya, where he lived with his family... A young boy with a blush all over his cheek, in a green frock coat, he lies, leaning on "Sofa, and reading a book. What do you have? Vilandov Agathodemon."

Warm, friendly relations developed between the students (Pogodin was a senior in the course), which they maintained throughout their lives. Then they met not only at Troitsky and Znamensky, but also at the university, and in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, and in the Moscow house of the Tyutchevs. For Tyutchev, this passion was all the more powerful because they were brought together by a commonality of views.

Most often at that time they saw each other in Trinity. Living in Znamensky, in 1820, Pogodin began keeping his diary, to which we owe the preservation of many interesting information about Tyutchev’s life, for he himself never kept diaries, considering this activity a waste of time. The female part of the Znamensky society asked to keep a diary for Mikhail Petrovich, which he successfully did and kept for 54 years. “I went to the village to see Tyutchev,” he notes in his diary, “and talked with him about literature... about our poverty of writers... about our obstacles to enlightenment.” They were fond of reading. Most of the works of foreign authors were read in the original, after which they lively discussed what they had read. Thus, friendship with Pogodin had a great influence on the growing mind of the young poet.

L.N. Tolstoy

The poet's admirers were Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Turgenev, L. Tolstoy, Fet, A. Maikov, Dostoevsky and other writers of his circle.

Among Tyutchev’s contemporaries, who already appreciated his first collection of poetry, was Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. “...Every hour, I remember this majestic and simple and such a deeply intelligent old man,” wrote Tolstoy. Tyutchev himself spoke with delight about Tolstoy’s Sevastopol Stories. “...He especially appreciated some expression of the soldiers; and this sensitivity to the Russian language surprised me extremely in him,” Lev Nikolaevich recalled many years later.

After meeting Tyutchev, Lev Nikolayevich even began to court the poet’s daughter, Ekaterina, and Moscow was already beginning to be filled with rumors about their upcoming wedding. But the young people did not find a common language and mutual cooling gradually began.

In the late 1880s, Tolstoy, who invested a lot of strength and mental energy in teaching rural children to read and write and Russian literature, tried to compile a collection of Tyutchev’s poems for children, bearing elements of “originality, beauty, strength of feeling, depth.” Tolstoy put Tyutchev in first place among Russian poets after Pushkin.

Tyutchev's biographer is Aksakov.

In 1866, the wedding of Anna Tyutcheva, the daughter of Fyodor Ivanovich, who was Anna Fedorovna’s maid of honor, took place with Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov. In 1872-74, Aksakov chaired the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. He was a fiery preacher of everything Russian, who renounced all forms of Western culture. It is not surprising that he was so drawn to Tyutchev.

Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov literally six months after the death of his father-in-law wrote his excellent biography. By chance, one of the few copies that saw the light fell into the hands of I.S. Gagarin, the poet’s Munich friend and his failed neighbor on the Yasenevo estate. After some time, he sent Aksakov a voluminous package with autographs of both Tyutchev’s poems and letters, and even a copy of one of his diplomatic dispatches. Gagarin also included copies of several of his letters, which testified to the life of the poet of those times.

Tyutchev's creative heritage

D. P. Oznobishin, a poet whose poems will appear on the pages of “Notes of the Fatherland” and the almanac “Northern Lyre”, which he himself published, and the future publisher of another almanac, “Mnemosyne”, can tell a lot about the hours spent in Upper Teply Stan. , friend of Kuchelbecker and Griboyedov V.F. Odoevsky. A well-known musicologist who collaborated in the "Bulletin of Europe", he was one of the first to study and popularize ancient Russian music. Regular guests of Tyutchev's Moscow region are future writers S.P. Shevyrev and N.V. Putyaga. The poet V. Zhukovsky, other poets and writers also visited here.

And a new, young tribe

Meanwhile it blossomed in the sun,

And us, friends, and our time

It has long been forgotten.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev wrote these lines more than a century and a half ago, in 1829. He turned out to be only partly right: with inexorable consistency, generations of Muscovites have replaced and will continue to replace each other, giving way to the “young tribe.” However, the life, work, thoughts of our ancestors and the entire diverse past of Moscow are not consigned to oblivion - even despite the sad period of historical unconsciousness under communist rule. Life, thank God, has convincingly proven: the better we know our history and culture, the wiser, richer and freer we become...

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was not only a great Russian poet, but also one of the most educated people of his time. The Tyutchev family was a typical noble family of its time, in which the fashionable French language coexisted with strict adherence to domestic traditions.

“At home, Tyutchev was brought up in the “fear of God” and devotion to the throne,” wrote his great-grandson, K.V. Pigarev, in the monograph “The Life and Work of Tyutchev.” As an old man, he recalled how on Easter night his mother led him, the child, to the window and "They waited together for the first strike of the church bell. On the eve of major holidays, the Tyutchevs often held all-night vigils at home, and on the days of family celebrations, prayers were sung. In the bedroom and in the nursery, the polished frames of family icons glittered and there was a smell of lamp oil."

The first teacher of the future poet, freed from the Tatishchevs, Nikolai Afanasyevich Khlopov, was also a deep believer. “Literate, pious, he enjoyed great respect from his masters,” Tyutchev’s biographer Aksakov wrote about Khlopov.

Despite such an upbringing, Tyutchev’s lifestyle was exclusively European: he moved in society, reacted vividly to political events, did not like village life, and did not attach much importance to Orthodox rituals. It was not fashionable then to be Orthodox among the nobility. It was even considered something archaic and backward. But “spoiled” by secular life, he nevertheless retained in himself a piece of original Orthodox Russia, true Russian patriotism

You can't understand Russia with your mind,

A common arshin cannot be measured,

She will become special -

You can only believe in Russia.

And Tyutchev believed in Russia. In my own, secular way...

After the French bourgeois-democratic revolution, Tyutchev assessed these events, condemning them in the article “La Russie et la Revolution” (“Russia and the Revolution”). A supporter of Firm Power, the poet well understood the danger of the “red” West, so he even wrote the word “revolution” with a capital letter. To save the European monarchy, he imagined the only force - an unshakable bulk, a kind of “ark of salvation” - Russia. His journalism was supplemented by an allegorical poem, where the poet’s homeland is represented by a mighty cliff, and the revolutionary West by rebellious waves.

Stop, you mighty rock!

Wait just an hour, another -

Tired of the thunderous wave

To fight with your heel...

Tired of evil fun,

She will calm down again -

And without howling, and without fighting

Under the giant heel

The wave will subside again...

Far from the concerns of the landowners in his homeland, he is at the same time an opponent of serfdom.

Above this dark crowd

Of the unawakened people

When will you rise, Freedom,

Will your golden ray shine?..

Your ray will shine and revive

And sleep will disperse the fogs...

But old, rotten wounds,

Scars of violence and insults,

Corruption of souls and emptiness,

What gnaws at the mind and aches in the heart...

Who will heal them, who will cover them? -

You, pure robe of Christ...

The further fate of the estate

After graduating from the university in 1821, on his 18th birthday, having received the title of “candidate of the Department of Literary Sciences,” the poet left for the diplomatic service. He will return to Russia after more than twenty years. During this time, his family will part with Trinity and Verkhny Teply Stan.

After the Tyutchevs, the mistress of the Upper Teply Stans was Voeykova, later Griboyedov’s niece, Anastasia Ustinova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova).

By the second half of the 19th century, there remained here an inn that still remembered Napoleon, two shops and two taverns, and in twenty-three peasant households there were “sixty-five male souls and sixty-one female souls,” as the census said. In Troitsky, he lived in three courtyards of the clergy of the local church and there was one “summer dacha” - the remains of an estate that had changed owners more than once.

Unlike the Upper ones, the Lower Teplye Stans, as already written above, were transferred to the estate of the Streshnevs and were in their possession until the thirties of the 18th century. Together with Uzkiy, Nizhnie Teplye Stany passed to the Golitsyns at the beginning of the 18th century, and from 1812 to the Tolstoys. In the 20s of the 19th century, the village became the experimental site of Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, who planted amazingly beautiful cherry orchards here.

The later history of Teplye Stany is not marked by any significant events. The advent of railways deprived them of their former significance as a postal station. The number of people in the villages gradually decreased. If before the death of V.P. Tolstoy there were seventy-four courtyards, then ten years later, according to the census, Nizhny Teplye Stany had only eleven courtyards with twenty-seven male and thirty-five female souls. In Upper Teplye Stany there were twenty-three households and one hundred and twenty-six inhabitants. In the village of Troitsky there were no peasants at all. Twenty clergymen and members of their families lived in it, huddled in three courtyards. But right there there were two shops, two taverns and an inn - a memory of the former busy highway. By the early nineties of the last century, the population of all Teply Stans did not exceed two hundred people. No industrial enterprises appeared either in the villages themselves or near them.

Since 1960, Teply Stan has been located within Moscow, being an area of mass development. In the early 1970s, new residents arrived here, and then the last wooden buildings were demolished.

Since then the area has grown a lot. By the beginning of the third millennium, more than 100 thousand people lived in it.

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://testan.narod.ru/

Location

The street where I spent my early childhood is called Tyoply Stan - it is the main street in the Tyoply Stan municipal district of Moscow. It runs from west to east, starts at Profsoyuznaya Street (Teply Stan metro station), runs along Troparevsky Forest Park and ends at Academician Varga Street. As of 2010, the area of the district is 750 hectares.
On the territory of the Teply Stan district there is the highest place in Moscow: the Teplostan Upland, a spur of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland reaches 253 meters in the area of the Uzkoe estate and the beginning of my Teply Stan street. As for the level of the Moscow River, the Teplostanskaya Upland exceeds it by 130 meters.

Historical reference

Teply Stan Street has, perhaps, one of the most mysterious geographical names in Moscow. It was named after the district in which it was located, and the Teply Stan district received its name from two villages that bore the same names - Nizhnie Teply Stany and Upper Tyoply Stany. The history of these places can be traced back to the beginning of the 17th century. and is most closely connected with the history of the village of Troitskoye (now the village of Mosrentgen), located outside the modern Ring Road. In the old days, the distance from Moscow to the villages of Upper and Lower Teplye Stans along the Kaluga road (in some sources it is called Borovskaya or Staraya Kashirskaya) was about 17 kilometers, that is, it was equal to one horse ride. Consequently, travelers and riders had to stop here, dismount, feed their horses and give them a rest. Thus, here was the last heated refuge on the way from Moscow to Kaluga.

Interesting Facts

There is reason to believe that initially the toponym Teply Stan did not refer to a village, but to an outpost near Moscow, built on the Kaluga road or to a postal station, the first after leaving Moscow in the direction of Kaluga and which existed until the mid-19th century.
"But here comes Teply Stan, where the firelight glows,
They rush to help the queen to raise her stout figure..."
This is what the poet Semyon Kirsanov wrote about this village near Moscow in his poem “Kaluga Highway”. According to legend, the empress called Teplye Stans truly warm for the warm welcome she received here.
Retreating along the Kaluga Highway from the burned-out Moscow, Napoleon made a halt in Teply Stan. From here his last glance was cast at Moscow, which had not submitted to him, and at the mysterious and strong Russia that could not be solved.
Forests, ravines, hills - all this remained, and the name of the village was preserved in the name of the new street, district, in the name of the Teply Stan metro station, the entire living massif, spread over the territory between the Moscow Ring Road, Leninsky Prospekt, Ostrovityanova streets and the Profsoyuznaya and Teplostanskaya Uplands .
In the early 1970s, when a wide canvas of the new Moscow highway was being laid, pushing aside the strip of the Old Kaluga Highway, where Profsoyuznaya Street ends, on its left side one could still find the remains of the courtyards of the old Teply Stan, whose residents moved across the road to new ones nine-story buildings. This is all that remained of the once bustling villages, postal station, inn, taverns, and shops. The last buildings of the village were demolished in 1971-74. Now an indoor reservoir has been built here, supplying the most delicious drinking water in Moscow to Yasenevo, Teply Stan, Konkovo and other areas of the South-Western Administrative District. Nearby are the remains of once luxurious apple orchards.
At the intersection of modern Profsoyuznaya and MKAD streets, Verkhnie Teplye Stany was located. The village of Troitskoye lay on the outskirts of the present village of Mosrentgen.
Burnt out and depopulated during the Time of Troubles, “the wasteland of Voztsy, Teply Stan and the village of Uzkoe” in 1628 (according to archival documents) were granted to the Moscow service nobleman Maxim Fedorovich Streshnev for his participation in the liberation of Moscow from the regiments of the Polish prince Vladislav. Maxim Streshnev is a close relative of Tsarina Evdokia Lukyanovna Streshneva, wife of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
Streshnev managed to transfer part of the lands, namely Narrow and Lower Teplye Stans, into patrimony, in other words, into hereditary possession, and they remained in the possession of his family until the 18th century, until they came into the possession of the Golitsyn princes, since B.V. Golitsyn married E.I. Streshneva. And the other part - the village of Govorova - actually Verkhnie Teplye Stany and Troitskoye - at the beginning of the 17th century went to F.G. Bashmakov and over time ended up in the possession of Fyodor Shaklovity - the royal okolnik and head of the Streletsky Prikaz, a favorite and well-known supporter of Princess Sofia Alekseevna, the imperious and tough-tempered elder sister of Peter, who from clerks elevated him to a Duma nobleman and okolnik and entrusted him with management in 1682 Streletsky order. Shaklovity was the princess’s support on her path to power and became her best adviser in international affairs. In 1687, Fyodor Shaklovity, along with other awards, received the Teplostan lands.
Shaklovity takes the side of Princess Sophia and becomes her ardent supporter. However, Fyodor's attempt to raise the archers against the Naryshkins and Peter I was unsuccessful. The famous “Shaklovity Case” ends with the execution of the overzealous assistant of the disgraced princess excommunicated from power.
From the end of the 17th century, the Teplostan land, or rather the village of Govorova (later - the village of Troitskoye with the village of Verkhnie Teplye Stany) came into the possession of Avtonom Ivanov, one of those senior Duma clerks who took the side of young Peter and signed the ruler’s abdication from power. So Teplye Stany found a new owner.
Peter instructed Autonomous to be in charge of three exclusively responsible orders at once - Inozemsky, Reitarsky and Pushkarsky, on the activities of which the formation of the renewed Russian army depended. In 1705-1706, in Moscow, the “dragoon regiment of the Duma clerk Autonomous Ivanovich Ivanov” was created from service people and recruits, soon renamed Azov, commanded by a certain Pavlov. All expenses for the maintenance, uniforms and weapons of the soldiers were borne by Autonom. The regiment fought well near Poltava, and proved itself well in the Prut campaign, which, undoubtedly, was the merit of Ivanov. Autonomous Ivanov left a memory of himself on the Teplostan land. Upper Teply Stan, together with the courtyard on Vagankovo, was inherited by his son Nikolai, married to Anna Ivanovna Tyutcheva. Nikolai Avtonomovich died early, the widow hastened to remarry, dividing the Ivanovo inheritance with her five daughters.
So the widow of the guard-captain Daria Nikolaevna Saltykova, the notorious Saltychikha, became the owner of Verkhniye Teplye Stanov and the village of Troitsky. Widowed at the age of twenty-five, by the age of thirty-two she managed to literally drive into the grave 139 of the 600 serfs who belonged to her - mainly women and girls. D.N. Saltykova had villages in both the Vologda and Kostroma provinces, but she preferred the “patrimonial yard” in the village of Troitsky to all her possessions. Its main victims were the peasants of Upper Teply Stan. These are their nameless graves, hastily dug up, buried even more hastily, and surrounded the old Trinity Church. The peasants addressed her with complaints, but thanks to influential relationships and gifts, everything ended in the punishment and exile of the complainants. Only in the summer of 1762, two peasants whose wives were killed by Saltychikha managed to file a complaint with Empress Catherine II herself.
Much later, the future heir of the estate, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, recalled how on the eve of the War of 1812, his father took his eldest sons, Nikolai and Fyodor, to the Ivanovo Monastery, showing them a small window hung with sackcloth, behind which the murderer Saltychikha spent more than twenty years in the basement.
During the investigation into the Saltychikha case, Verkhnie Teplye Stany and the village of Troitsky were allowed to be sold off “for debts.”
The owner was Ivan Nikiforovich Tyutchev, the husband of Saltychikha’s sister, a Bryansk nobleman, an honorary guardian of the Moscow orphanage, an actual state councilor and a zealous owner of the acquired estate. After Saltychikha’s conviction, he becomes the guardian of her sons Fyodor and Nikolai, and during the sale of property he himself acts as the buyer and becomes the owner of the village of Troitsky and the village of Teply Stan. During his ownership of the estate, he managed to rebuild the “patrimonial house”, and lay out a regular park with dug ponds, the remains of which can be discerned even today, and to gather many guests in Troitsky, among whom several writers related to the Tyutchevs appeared.
Following this, Upper Teply Stan and Troitskoye came into the possession of the grandfather of the great poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, Second Major Nikolai Ivanovich Tyutchev (1720-1797). Among his direct ancestors are a reitar from the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the sons of a reitar - steward Timofey and solicitor Daniil, participants in the Crimean campaigns who continued to serve under Peter I, the grandfather of second-major Andrei Danilovich, who was dismissed from military service under Catherine I "with an appointment to the Military Collegium and to police matters."
During the French invasion, the Tyutchevs moved to Troitskoye near Moscow, and when Napoleon attacked Moscow they were forced to leave for their Yaroslavl possessions. During the retreat of Napoleonic troops from Moscow, the villages of Troitskoye and Teplye Stany were devastated and burned. The estate was restored, and the parents of the poet, guard lieutenant Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna Tyutchev, remained to live in Troitsky. The future poet was nine years old by that time.
The young poet spent the spring and summer in Teply Stan, not far from the Trinity Church, where he had a wonderful rest among the discreet beauty of central Russia.
After graduating from the university in 1821, on his 18th birthday, having received the title of “candidate of the Department of Literary Sciences,” the poet left for the diplomatic service. He will return to Russia after more than twenty years. During this time, his family will part with Trinity and Verkhny Teply Stan.
After the Tyutchevs, the mistress of the Upper Teply Stans was Voeykova, later Griboyedov’s niece, Anastasia Ustinova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova).
By the second half of the 19th century, there remained here an inn that still remembered Napoleon, two shops and two taverns, and in twenty-three peasant households there were “sixty-five male souls and sixty-one female souls,” as the census said. In Troitsky, he lived in three courtyards of the clergy of the local church and there was one “summer dacha” - the remains of an estate that had changed owners more than once.
Unlike the Upper ones, the Lower Teplye Stans were transferred to the estate of the Streshnevs and were in their possession until the thirties of the 18th century. Together with Uzkiy, Nizhnie Teplye Stany passed to the Golitsyns at the beginning of the 18th century, and from 1812 to the Tolstoys. In the 20s of the 19th century, the village became the experimental site of Count Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, who planted amazingly beautiful cherry orchards here.
The end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries did not bring industrial revival to Teplye Stany. There were no plants or factories here, as in most villages and hamlets of the South-West, with the exception of small brick factories scattered throughout the South-West. The surrounding areas retained their rural way of life and appearance even decades after the October Revolution. Moreover, with the advent of railways, the Kaluga Highway lost its significance as a trade artery. The need for a postal station thus disappeared, and the number of villages began to decline. If before the death of V.P. Tolstoy there were seventy-four courtyards, then ten years later, according to the census, Nizhny Teplye Stany had only eleven courtyards with twenty-seven male and thirty-five female souls. In Upper Teplye Stany there were twenty-three households and one hundred and twenty-six inhabitants. In the village of Troitsky there were no peasants at all. Twenty clergymen and members of their families lived in it, huddled in three courtyards. But right there there were two shops, two taverns and an inn - a memory of the former busy highway. By the early nineties of the last century, the population of all Teply Stans did not exceed two hundred people.
The situation did not change until the 1960s, when the territory of Teply Stan became part of Moscow and became one of the areas of mass construction. The village of Troitskoye remained outside the Moscow Ring Road and formed the basis for the village of Mosrentgen, which arose around a plant for the production of X-ray devices built back in the 30s.
In the new district of Moscow, called "Teply Stan", industry also did not develop. Apparently, the authorities did not dare to spoil the originally rural flavor and nature untouched by “progress”. Scientific institutions began to be transferred from the center of the capital to the South-West, and land was allocated here for the construction and development of newly created institutes.
The absence of plants and factories in this area has contributed to the fact that the Teply Stan district still remains one of the greenest and most environmentally friendly in all of Moscow - largely thanks to the forest zone that protects our area from city noise.
In 1935, this area, which was in the possession of the Novodevichy Convent, turned into a forest park, which was located in the suburbs of the capital until the city reached here. But the city did not absorb the park, but only bordered it with residential areas.
In the early 1970s, simultaneously with the development of Teply Stan, the Troparevo recreation area began to take shape. At that time there was no reservoir that currently exists. An artificial pond, the reservoir for which was a natural ravine, was formed by constructing a dam. Now there is a boat station on it, holidays for the entire South-Western District, folk festivals, concerts of popular artists in a magnificent open-air amphitheater with 9,000 seats, successfully integrated into the landscape, and meetings of veterans on Victory Day are held here. In the summer of 2003, the Beach Volleyball World Cup competitions took place here.
In addition to the Ochakovka River, which flows from its source near the Teply Stan metro station and crosses the park, receiving several tributaries flowing along numerous deeply embedded beams, the pond is also fed by water from the Kholodny spring. This spring, located on the very outskirts of the forest, not far from the old Kaluga road, according to legend, was consecrated by Sergius of Radonezh himself. A chapel was built above the source, now depicted on the coat of arms of Teply Stan. On hot days, and not only that, residents of neighboring microdistricts line up for holy spring water.
By the 1990s, the Teply Stan district, with more than 100 thousand residents, became virtually “self-sufficient.” There was almost everything here - the Aurora cinema, the famous Moscow stores Leipzig and Yadran, where during the years of Soviet shortages you could buy inexpensive imported goods, a large number of grocery and department store stores, several markets, schools, kindergartens, clinics, libraries and even the Museum of Paleontology. It would seem - what more could you want?
In 1991, the entire territory of Troparevsky Park was divided into two parts. This happened in connection with the introduction of a new administrative-territorial division of the capital, in which the border between the Western and South-Western administrative districts passed along Leninsky Prospekt. The western part of the park, located along the Moscow Ring Road, between the Vostryakovsky Cemetery, Ozernaya Street and Leninsky Prospekt, retained its former name, and the eastern part, located between the 9th microdistrict (Bakuleva Street), and the rest of Teply Stan in 1998 received the status of a landscape reserve "Teply Stan". In 2002, a government decree was developed on the cleaning and improvement of the park and rivers. It is noteworthy that this was the first project in the capital for the reconstruction and development of small forest parks and forest areas.
Meanwhile, the area grew, the number of Orthodox residents increased, and at the same time the desire to build their own temple in Teply Stan grew.
The history of its creation was preceded by the tragic events that occurred in January 1996 in war-torn Chechnya. A resident of Teply Stan, Archpriest Sergius (Zhigulin), who was in the war-torn republic, was captured.
While in captivity, Father Sergius fervently prayed to Saint Anastasia the Pattern Maker. This saint lived during an era of persecution of the Christian faith and secretly helped Christians who were languishing in captivity.
Father Sergius, who was in Chechen captivity, also believed that through the intercession of Saint Anastasia he would be rescued from captivity. And through her prayers, after 160 days of captivity, Fr. Sergius was released. Once in his homeland, he became a monk with the name Philip, and with his active participation, a community was created to build a temple in the name of Anastasia the Pattern Maker in Teply Stan.
Currently, religious services are performed by two priests and a deacon. There is a Sunday school at the church, in which children get acquainted with the basics of Orthodoxy, comprehend the basics of the Church Slavonic language and the history of holiness.

The Teply Stan district is named after a former village near Moscow, or rather two villages - Upper and Lower Teply Stans. The first information about this area dates back to the 12th century, and its later history is closely connected with the village of Troitsky (Mosrentgen village). The Teplostanskaya Upland is the highest place in Moscow, it is 130 meters higher than the level of the Moscow River. In the past, these lands were cut by ravines and ravines, covered with deciduous and pine forests.

On plans of the 19th century, the territory of the district was designated as Teplye Stany, since it was a whole group of villages: Upper Teplye Stany, Nizhnie Teplye Stany, Pochinok Teplye Stany (formerly Vyselki, also Kuznetsy, also Bolshoye Golubino).

The listed villages were located around the village of Troitsky, in which there was a church, a votchinniki courtyard and several huts of courtyard people. The Kaluga Road ran between the village with the headwaters of the Sosenka River and the village of Golubino with the headwaters of the Bitsa (Abitsa) River. Until the mid-19th century, the first postal station from Moscow, located on the Kaluga Road, operated here.

It is known that in 1627 in the Sosensky camp there was an estate of Philip Grigorievich Bashmakov, adjacent to the village of Uzkiy. These estates bordered each other on the wastelands of Belyaevo and Voztsy; it was here that the Lower and Upper Teplye Stans were later founded. At first, the estate was just a master's courtyard, and in the documents it was listed as a wasteland in Govorovo, Sukovo, and also Zhukovo.

In 1648, the estate was acquired by Mikhail Zybin. In 1678, under Mikhail Zybin, Govorovo already had one courtyard in which two boys lived. In the same year, Zybin assigned the village to the Duma nobleman Vasily Dashkov. Then the estate passed to Dashkov’s son, and over a short period of time it changed several more owners. In 1684, under Fyodor Leontyevich Shaklovit, the estate was transformed into a fiefdom.

Shaklovity was an interesting figure of his time. Having started his career from the smallest position, he advanced significantly under Princess Sophia, and became her devoted supporter, and one of the organizers of the conspiracy against young Peter I. When the conspiracy was discovered in 1689 and the investigation began, Shaklovity confessed to everything under torture, and on September 12 he was executed in the square near the Trinity Monastery. All of Shaklovity’s property was confiscated, and in 1690 Govorovo was granted the Duma clerk Avtamon Ivanovich Ivanov, who was directly involved in uncovering the state conspiracy.

Avtamon Ivanovich Ivanov led the Local, Pushkar and Foreign orders for more than twenty years. During his service he accumulated a significant fortune, and by the end of his life he owned 16,000 serfs.

Even under the service of the Streshnev nobles, in 1686 the construction of the Trinity Church began in the village, which was completed in 1696 under the new owner - Avtamon Ivanovich Ivanov. Since then, the village began to be called Trinity. Trinity Church is an octagon on a quadrangle. On the eastern side of the temple building there is a semicircular altar, and on the west there is a refectory and a bell tower. There was a chapel in the southern part of the building. The first tier of the bell tower has survived to this day.

In 1823, when the owner of the estate was Ivan Nikiforovich Tyutchev, the father of Ivan Nikiforovich Tyutchev, the great Russian poet, the church was restored, and pylons appeared on its facade, and another chapel was added. In 1907, the temple attracted the attention of historians of Russian art F. F. Gornostaev and N. V. Nikitin. The commission decided to revive the lost turquoise background on the five-tiered iconostasis. The icons were removed from it and handed over to the icon painter P. M. Sokolov for restoration. During the study, it turned out that the royal doors of the Trinity Church, which were installed by the Tyutchevs, were a copy of the royal doors of the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg, the painting of which belongs to the brush of V.L. Borovikovsky.

During the years of Soviet power, the church was closed. As a result of the fact that the premises of the temple were not used for their intended purpose, the interior decoration suffered significant losses, and the frescoes were completely destroyed. In 1992, the Trinity Church was returned to believers, the temple was restored, and the surrounding area was landscaped. Today it is a brick plastered building with the main Trinity altar and St. Nicholas chapel. Since the original decor in the Moscow Baroque style was lost, the temple is now decorated in the Empire style.

Let's return to the history of Teply Stan. On the Belyaevskaya wasteland, which lay on both sides of the Great Kaluga Road, Avtamon Ivanovich Ivanov settled his peasants and built courtyards for travelers to stay. This is how the village of Teply Stan appeared. Around the same time, Tikhon Nikitich Streshnev, the owner of the neighboring village of Uzkoye, resettled his peasants to Kaluga, on the Voztsy wasteland, and the resulting village was called Nizhny Teply Stan.

After the death of Avtamon Ivanov, Trinity and Teply Stan passed to his son Nikolai, and then the possessions were divided between his three daughters. When in 1747 Troitskoye and Upper Teply Stan went to the youngest daughter Daria Nikolaevna, the most terrible period in the history of this area began. Daria Nikolaevna, in Saltykov's marriage, thanks to the position of her husband and the successful marriages of her sisters, belonged to the top of 18th century society. Daria Nikolaevna, who was widowed at an early age, went down in history as Saltychikha, who cruelly tortured and killed her serfs.

For a long time, despite the complaints of the peasants, Saltykova’s high position allowed her to remain unpunished, but in the end an investigation was opened. As a result of the trial, which took place in Troitsky and Teply Stan, testimony was received from 200 witnesses, according to which it turned out that at least 38 people were killed by her. For another 26 murders, sufficiently strong evidence was not found. Among those killed at the hands of the cruel mistress were three men, the rest were women and girls. In 1768, a sentence was passed according to which Saltychikha was imprisoned in the Ivanovo Monastery, where after thirty years of seclusion she died.

At the end of the 1760s, Troitskoye, with a small estate and one courtyard with six residents, as well as Teply Stan, which had 18 courtyards with 97 residents, belonged to the young children of Daria Saltykova, Nikolai and Fyodor Glebovich. Nizhny Teply Stan, located nearby, was the possession of Prince Boris Vasilyevich Golitsyn. In this village there were 14 households and 52 residents. Their uncle Ivan Nikiforovich Tyutchev was appointed guardian of the young Saltykovs. To pay off the debts of the Saltykovs, the Senate allowed the sale of their estates, and in 1777 Troitskoye was acquired by the father of the future poet Fyodor Tyutchev, Ivan Tyutchev.

Ivan Tyutchev, married to Pelageya Denisovna Panyutina, was initially a poor man. Marriage also did not bring him significant material gains. Despite the fact that Tyutchev did not achieve much success in his career, his economic activities brought great profits. Tyutchev and his wife gradually bought up a significant amount of peasant land, and also won several lawsuits over disputed plots of land with their neighbors. Among the deeds of sale, documents for the village of Troitskoye and the village of Verkhny Teply Stan were also preserved.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, the Tyutchevs first moved from Moscow to Troitskoye, and then left for Yaroslavl. When Napoleon's army retreated from Moscow, Troitskoye and the villages of Teplye Stany were ravaged and burned by the French army. When Napoleon was retreating along the Kaluga road, he made a halt in Teply Stan, and for the last time looked from this hill at the devastated, but not conquered Moscow.

After the war, the estate was restored, and the poet’s parents, Ivan Nikolaevich and Ekaterina Lvovna, lived there. Fyodor Tyutchev was nine years old at that time. After the death of Tyutchev’s grandmother, Trinity was empty, and he spent the warm season in Teply Stan.

After the construction of the Moscow Ring Road in 1960, the territories of Troitsky and Teplye Stanov became part of Moscow, and in the 1970s mass residential construction began here. The last village houses were demolished in 1974, and their residents moved to new nine-story buildings. Now on the site of the old buildings there is a covered reservoir that supplies drinking water to such areas of Moscow as Konkovo, Teply Stan, Yasenevo and others. Its water is considered the most delicious in Moscow. Near the reservoir you can see the remains of once extensive apple orchards. The manor house in Trinity has not survived, but the Trinity Church, ponds and the remains of a regular park have survived to this day.

The modern district of Teply Stan consists of nine microdistricts. The total area of the district is 750 hectares, of which more than 450 hectares are occupied by forests and parks. There are no large industrial enterprises in Teply Stan; this is one of the most environmentally friendly residential areas of the capital.

Historical reference:

1627 - the estate of Philip Grigorievich Bashmakov existed in the Sosensky camp
1648 - the estate was acquired by Mikhail Zybin
1678 - under Mikhail Zybin, Govorovo already had one courtyard in which two boys lived
1684 - under Fyodor Leontyevich Shaklovit, the estate was transformed into a patrimony
In 1690, Govorovo was granted to Duma clerk Avtamon Ivanovich Ivanov
1686 - construction of the Trinity Church began in the village
1696 - under the new owner - Avtamon Ivanovich Ivanov, the Trinity Church was completed
1747 - Troitskoe and Upper Teply Stan went to the youngest daughter Daria Nikolaevna (in her marriage to Saltykova)
1768 - Troitskoe and Teply Stan passed to the young children of Daria Saltykova, Nikolai and Fedor Glebovich
1777 - Trinity was acquired by the father of the future poet Fyodor Tyutchev, Ivan Tyutchev
1812 - Troitskoye and the villages of Teplye Stany were ravaged and burned by the French army
1823 – Trinity Church was restored
1992 - Trinity Church was returned to believers, the temple was restored, and the surrounding area was landscaped
1960 - the territories of Troitsky and Teplye Stans became part of Moscow
Mass residential construction began here in the 1970s
1974 – the last rural houses on the territory of Teply Stan were demolished
1991 – the temporary municipal district of Teply Stan was formed
1995 – Teply Stan district was formed

The word warm is interpreted the same way by everyone - insulated, equipped for winter housing, heated

For an explanation of the word Stan, let's try to refer to Vladimir Dahl's explanatory dictionary. There it has several meanings.

The camp is in the district, the residence, stay of the police officer, and the district itself is his department. The county is divided into 2-3 camps, police stations.

Thus, etymologists and toponymists derive several versions of the origin of the name. Here are the most common ones:

No convincing documentary evidence in favor of these versions was found in Russian archives.

Now, regarding another meaning of the word stan, the name of the administrative-territorial unit in the Russian state of the 14th-16th centuries:

And finally, the third hypothesis, which seems the most plausible:

"But here comes Teply Stan, where the firelight glows,

They are in a hurry to help the queen..."

Geography of the area

Teply Stan from a bird's eye view

At the intersection of modern Profsoyuznaya and MKAD streets, Verkhnie Teplye Stany was located. The village of Troitskoye lay on the outskirts of the present village of Mosrentgen.

Trinity Church in the village of Mosrentgen

Residents of the village of Mosrentgen are forced to pay to return home, the TV channel reports. The market administration suddenly installed a barrier on the road. Drivers refuse to give money, and a huge traffic jam accumulates at the entrance. Public transport is also suffering.

Cashiers are already tired of answering these questions. They are asked daily by drivers who turn off Kaluga Highway to get to the village of Mosrentgen or the Mega Teply Stan shopping center.

“Here we need to pick up a child from Mega and had to pay 50 rubles. Each circle is 50 rubles, 1.5 thousand per day. It turns out that now, in order to turn around, we either have to drive through the Moscow Ring Road, or turn around somewhere above and lose time. And now we are losing money,” said motorist Anna Beloglazkina.

This is one of the most popular roads to the village of Mosrentgen. Local residents often drive along it, but since August 20 it has become the entrance to the market’s paid parking lot. Those who are not going to stop also have to give 50 rubles. Many drivers, upon learning about this, turn around. Because of this, traffic jams form.

The locals are the most indignant. They don't understand why they have to pay someone to get into their home. We have already calculated: it will cost at least 1000 rubles per month. All that remains is to look for ways around it.

The problem united the residents of the settlement. A post about the introduction of tolls on one of the social networks collected more than two hundred comments. Passengers of public transport also got involved, because buses now bypass the toll section. Previously, it took 20 minutes to get to the metro, but now you have to stand in traffic jams for about an hour.

Security at the entrance to the barriers has been strengthened. Now it looks more like a high-risk facility. True, the market administration said: people in uniform here perform the duties of traffic controllers, and fees are collected only to relieve congestion on the road. The director of the management company claims that the road is privately owned.

There are three ways to get around the toll section. People enter Mosrentgen from the Kievskoye Highway along General Kornilov Street or from the Moscow Ring Road through the Mega shopping center. There is still an entrance from the Kaluga highway, however, you will have to drive further - to the village of Mamyri.

The legality of barriers on the shortest road is confirmed by the local administration. “There were a lot of complaints related to the anti-terrorism security of this facility, with the preparation of a safety passport. And one of the conditions of the safety passport was precisely the organization of access control on the territory of the trade and market complex,” explained the head of the administration of the Mosrentgen settlement, Sergei Ermakov.

A solution to the problem was finally found for local residents. Those registered in Mosrentgen have already begun to be issued plastic cards for free travel. For now, for six months – until February 1. You will still have to pay 200 rubles, as they say on the market, for servicing the card.