Brick is a building material that is characterized by its strength and durability. It is considered the oldest known building material and is made by firing clay briquettes, previously well pressed.
Red brick allows you to build a building in the required architectural concept, as well as save on the construction process. Especially This material is popular in private housing construction, during the construction of fences, garages and other auxiliary buildings. Anyone who is engaged in construction, knowing the dimensions of the red brick, only needs to correctly calculate the required quantity that will be required for the construction of the facility. It can be called the most versatile material.
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Depending on the state, the dimensions of the masonry material differed significantly. This was due primarily to differences in metric systems. For example, the brick standard in England in the 19th century had dimensions of 9: 4.5: 2.5 inches, German material - 25: 12: 6.3 centimeters.
On the American continent it had the smallest dimensions, which were 21:10:5.3 centimeters. In the Russian Empire, the material was larger than its English or German counterparts, and amounted to 6:3:1.5 (4.45 centimeters). He weighed about three to four kilograms.
Territories remote from the center themselves determined the dimensions of the building material, which sometimes differed from the “canonical” ones, since production was not dependent on the center and the material was used to meet the needs of local communities.
With the advent of conveyor production of building materials and the beginning of mass capital construction, the need to fix the dimensions of standard red brick became more acute.
In European countries, the most common bricks are NF and D. F. The first is ordinary, with dimensions of 24 × 11.5 × 7.1 cm, the other is thin, with dimensions of 5 × 5.2 centimeters.
In Europe DF brand material is considered the best for perception, thanks to greater compliance with architectural classics. But the NF brand saves mortar and increases the speed of masonry construction.
This aspect ratio of the brick not only turned out to be the most optimal when constructing a wall, when it is necessary to alternate the longitudinal and transverse positions of the bars, but also to use material from different manufacturing plants on one construction site.
Surprisingly, bricks of a unified standard began to be produced in Russia relatively recently, compared to how long this material has been used in the country - in 1927. From that moment the standard remains unchanged- 250×120×65 millimeters for a single brick size, its weight should be no more than 4.3 kg and all this is fixed by GOST 530−2007. In Europe, it is designated by the symbols RF with parameters of 250×120×88 millimeters for one and a half bricks (although in practice it is not 1.5, but 1.35 times thicker) and 250×120×138 mm for double bricks.
In Western countries, the standards are different, and there are many more of them. Among the most popular are 200×100×50 (65) millimeters and 240×115×52 (71) millimeters. In addition to the above, foreign bricks can be of different sizes, since in Europe there is an opinion that masonry made of material with a non-fixed length can emphasize the uniqueness of the building.
The importance of standardization
The normal dimensions of the brick are in the ratio 1:½:1/4, which makes it possible to give the building structure additional strength using masonry ligation. This happens due to the fact that longitudinal and transverse alternation of building material is carried out in relation to the axis of the masonry and, as a result, the load is more evenly distributed.
In addition to the above, the proportionality that is present in the standard brick size allows masonry work to be carried out with low labor costs. The briquette lifts easily and can be held with one hand.
Also, the size of a standard window when building a brick house is much more convenient to determine based on the standardization of the dimensions of the material.
Types of bricks, their characteristics and areas of use
Full-bodied
Regular-sized bricks are used for the construction of load-bearing and reinforced structures, laying foundations, fireplaces, and stoves. There are brands designated as M-075, M-100, M-125, in addition, there is M-150, M-175, frost resistance level F 50, degree of moisture absorption 8-10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W/( m/K), void ratio up to 13 percent.
Refractory
This brick is intended directly for cladding and laying stoves. For its production it is necessary fired refractory clay(called fireclay) and various fillers. It does not melt or crumble and can withstand heat levels up to 1800 degrees Celsius. Letters and numbers in the marking indicate the level of fire resistance. The brand and size of such material can be different and depend on the composition; there are a large number of types, for example: Sh-5, Sh-8, ShA-5, there is also ShB-47. Frost resistance level F 50−75, heat conductivity from 0.70−0.85 W/(m/K), void ratio from 8 percent, degree of moisture absorption 8 percent.
Red
It is also called “loaf”, full-bodied butt or double and it weighs up to 7 kg. The strength is higher than the classic one, and it is used to build load-bearing structures, frames, etc. There are brands: 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300 are also available for sale, frost resistance level F 150, moisture absorption ability 10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.50 W/(m/K), void ratio up to 13 percent.
Ceramic
Red ceramic bricks are used to lay the foundation. It requires strength, the ability to withstand temperature changes and high humidity. Dimensions according to GOST standards 250×120×65 mm, brands sold: 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, frost resistance level F 50−100, degree of moisture absorption 6−16 percent, thermal conductivity parameters from 0.70 W/(m/K ), the void ratio is no more than 13 percent.
For the construction of a basement
This brick must also be strong enough and resistant to moisture and low temperatures. It is best to use brands of at least M-125 or M-150. For such purposes fired and solid ceramic may be optimal, but the most popular remains “Turtle”. The following brands are on sale: M-200, M-250, M-300, frost resistance level F 100, degree of moisture absorption 12 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W/(m/K), void ratio less than 13 percent.
What material is required to build a furnace?
Sometimes red solid ceramic stone can be confused with real stove brick. It is produced by mixing red and blue clay, adding sand, and then firing the mass. It can withstand temperatures of no more than 800 degrees Celsius, so the walls of the stoves will quickly collapse (wood burning occurs at 900 degrees Celsius).
There are four types of real stove bricks:
- the main one is a mixture of lime and magnesia, mostly used in metallurgy;
- quartz - sandstone, quartz, with the addition of red dense clay;
- carbon - made of pressed coke, intended for the construction of blast furnaces;
- fireclay is a fireproof material, it consists of 70 percent refractory clay, is universal in use, and resistant to chemical influences.
How to choose a brand of brick?
In the construction of household stoves and fireplaces, quartz and so-called fireclay red bricks are used. Second option is more popular, since quartz at significant temperatures changes its structure and, as a result, thermal conductivity and volume. Gradually, this inevitably leads to deformation and destruction of the walls.
Kiln brick size according to GOST
For bricks specifically for stoves a separate document has not been developed, there is only GOST 8426–75, which specifies the size and shape of clay bricks for chimneys. According to the established standard, there are 2 sizes of regular straight bricks, listed below:
- single - dimensions 250×120×65 millimeters;
- thickened - dimensions 250×120×88 millimeters.
Also, according to GOST 8426–75, wedge-shaped bricks of 2 types are produced.
- Radial-longitudinal. There are also single (dimensions 120 (70)x250×65; 120 (100)x250×65) and thickened (dimensions 120 (70)x250×88; 120 (100)x250×88).
- Radial-transverse. The single standard size is available in 2 dimensions: 250 (200)x120×65; 250 (225)x120x65. And the thickened standard size, instead of 65 mm, has a size of 88 mm.
Bricks for the construction of fireclay stoves, existing shapes and sizes
To make laying easier, stoves produce products that differ in configuration and dimensional parameters- this can be seen from the table below.
The standard size of the kiln brick is the blade. It, like straight types, is produced in the shape of a parallelepiped. The largest edge is called a bed, the medium-sized one is called a spoon, and the smallest edge is called a poke. The butt is narrowed in the end wedge, and the spoon is narrowed in the rib wedge. These two varieties are used for figured masonry. In addition to standard products, You can find fireclay slabs for sale- their dimensions correspond to the size of the firebox they need to cover. The most common bars of this size are 460×230×75 millimeters; there is also a dimension of 600×230×90 millimeters.
Due to the ability to accumulate heat well, fireclay bricks can be recommended not only for the construction of fireboxes, but also for the entire structure of the furnace as a whole. This solution will be interesting in decorative terms, because the straw-golden color of the clay products will create a visual effect of warmth in the room. The many shapes and sizes that fireclay stove bricks have make it possible to lay out not only standard straight ones, but also vaulted ones; trapezoidal surfaces are also possible.
As a building material, brick has firmly occupied its niche since ancient times. This is explained by high strength properties, stability when exposed to temperature, moisture, and frost.
There are many variations of bricks on the market, some of which are universal in functionality, and some of which are used for special purposes. The operational differences of decorative, sand-lime or red brick can be successfully used to implement a variety of construction projects.
When choosing a material according to its intended purpose, they take into account such indicators as size. The most commonly used stone is a single stone, also called standard, normal or working.
Appearance, characteristics and purpose of the material
According to technical requirements in modern construction, bricks are used whose dimensions correspond to the following parameters (in mm):
- single – length 250 (with a tolerance of +/-5 mm), width 120 (with a tolerance of +/-4 mm), height 65 (with a tolerance of +/-3 mm);
- one and a half – length 250, width 120, height 88;
- double – length 250, width 120, height 138.
The dimensions of red brick or sand-lime brick are standard, in other words, the material from which they are made does not determine its parameters, therefore normal stones have a standard height of 65 mm.
The dimensions are determined not so much by the convenience for the worker (it is easy to hold a stone weighing approximately 3.4 kg in your hand), but by the features of the masonry.
For example, the use of working bricks is effective when alternating transverse and longitudinal stones: for every meter of masonry length there are 13 rows of bricks. The geometric dimensions allow for efficient laying, taking into account the need for bandaging.
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Dimensions of facing bricks
The dimensions of standard single facing bricks are the same as those of ordinary bricks, but variations are possible. Thus, clinker stones with a length of 250 mm and a height of 65 mm can have a width of 120, 90, and 60. Hyper-pressed decorative blocks are characterized by the same dimensions as clinker ones. But the dimensions of the ceramic slabs are non-standard: length – 188, width – 88, and height – 63 mm.
The given parameters are a European standard that allows the designer to create the original appearance of buildings, which is more than relevant in the conditions of Soviet and post-Soviet typification.
According to the American standard, the width of the material is slightly smaller than that of the domestic one. Instead of the usual 120, it is customary to produce blocks with a width of 78 mm. These parameters allow significant savings in the process of transporting the material and when laying it. In construction, when using American material, it is possible to achieve less load on the foundation, and during restoration, less wall thickness.
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Established standards
In accordance with the standards, a number of requirements are imposed on single bricks.
Instances that do not comply with the standard are unsuitable for construction work.
It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the maximum volume of voids of hollow ordinary stone does not exceed 13%. At the same time, the norm of volumetric weight fluctuates between 1700-1900 kg/m, the norm of the thermal conductivity coefficient does not exceed 0.7 kcal/m, and the norm of water absorption starts at 8%.
The weight of a red solid single brick is on average 3.5 kg, hollow - 2.4 kg, facing - 1.45 kg.
It is clear that the mass depends on the density of the material, while the weight of sand-lime brick is the highest by standards. Some manufacturers deviate from the standard and, guided by specifications, produce blocks whose weight is 5 kg.
Reliable adhesion and reduced thermal conductivity are ensured due to the porous structure, which excludes components such as stones and lime. According to standards, cracks are not allowed in the structure.
With standard sizes, the working stone has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with straight and even edges, edges, and corners. In hollow single blocks, according to standards, different types of holes are provided - oval, round. The most durable bricks are those that have square holes.
To establish deviations from the norm, material from one batch is measured, which makes it possible to identify discrepancies in size, the presence of curvatures, damage to corners or ribs.
The use of stone whose dimensions do not meet the standards leads to masonry defects, which later affects the performance characteristics of the structure as a whole.
To build a house, it is impossible to do without bricks. It began to be used decades ago. During this time, many types of this material appeared, the dimensions of which were standardized. The selection of standard sizes of facing bricks takes into account construction experience and material production technology.
The sizes of imported bricks differ from Russian ones. Our country has a special GOST that sets certain parameters.
Varieties and brands
Different bricks are used for different areas of construction. It is divided into several groups, which differ in their technological characteristics, as well as the material of manufacture.
Zabutovochny
The basis of a ceramic backfill product is ordinary clay. The material is processed by semi-dry pressing. This type of brick received a second name - ordinary. It is characterized by high strength and low cost.
Ceramic backfill products have several positive qualities:
- strength;
- fire safety;
- frost resistance;
- long period of operation.
These products differ in their shape:
- full-bodied;
- hollow.
In a solid ordinary brick there are no voids; only 13% of the total volume is lowered. The material has increased thermal conductivity.
When constructing a residential building from such bricks, special masonry mortars are prepared and additional insulation is laid.
"Loaf"
It is distinguished by its appearance, on which various defects have formed:
- rough surface;
- chips;
- oblique edges.
Thanks to the relief pattern, the “loaf” adheres perfectly to concrete.
The main advantages of this type of brick are:
- high density;
- not afraid of mechanical influences;
- meets modern environmental requirements;
- does not lose its properties during temperature changes.
Hollow
Among the many advantages of such bricks, the following stand out:
- the thermal conductivity value is much less than a similar solid block;
- creates excellent sound insulation;
- low density;
- small weight;
- efficiency.
Burnt
The current GOST does not recommend using burnt bricks during construction, since its heat treatment was done incorrectly. In principle, burnt material can be called defective. This brick is distinguished by its melted appearance, dark shade, and irregular geometry. The product has a high density and conducts heat well.
Since the technology was violated during its manufacture, the material is fragile and has a short service life. It is afraid of moisture and is unstable at sub-zero temperatures.
M100
One square centimeter of this material can easily withstand a pressure of 100 kg. The density of the brick is directly dependent on the material of manufacture.
Brick has several subgroups:
- ceramic;
- one and a half;
- hyper-pressed;
- single;
- full-bodied;
- hollow.
M150
The block can withstand pressure of 150 kg. The material is used for the construction of any buildings.
Basically, residential and utility rooms are built from it.
ShB-5
A refractory brick that was developed for the construction of structures where there is a constant high temperature (for example, a furnace).
For individual construction, they mainly use direct SB. The casing of furnaces in which temperatures can exceed 1400 degrees is laid out of it.
The technical characteristics of the product comply with the requirements of GOST 390 – 96.
1-NF
We are talking about a single brick having a standard format. The material is available in different strengths. Popular brands of this variety include M100 and M200.
Thickened
The material differs from analogues in its height. It is 13 mm larger. The difference in dimensions does not affect its use.
This brick has no fundamental differences from others, so it is used for various construction purposes, especially when constructing facade walls.
Facial
Such bricks are used to decorate the façade of walls made of any material. If necessary, they are covered with an additional insulating layer.
The advantages of facing finishing bricks include:
- strength;
- environmental friendliness;
- durability;
- different texture.
Clay
This product was used hundreds of years ago. However, even today, an artificially made clay block has not lost its relevance. Various shapes and a variety of different shades make it possible to create architectural masterpieces. This environmentally friendly material remains the most popular and in demand among the population.
High strength made it possible to lay outer walls from clay blocks, which are plastered and then covered. To create a beautiful design, a geometric pattern is made on the surface, which strengthens the coupling.
The disadvantage of clay products is considered to be low frost resistance, as well as the inability to work in high humidity.
Yellow
It differs from analogues in its yellow tint. The brick contains:
- limestone;
- cement;
- iron oxide.
The mixture of these elements gives the brick a yellow tint. The product belongs to the silicate group. These blocks are mainly used for the construction of large yellow buildings. To produce clinker products, clay is used, which never melts. The resulting building material is bright yellow. This fire-resistant material is widely used in the construction of country houses, as it is highly frost-resistant. Fireclay bricks have a rough surface, yellow color and varied shapes.
Options
Russian legislation has established a special standard for the technological characteristics and overall dimensions of different types of blocks.
Single brick
Must have dimensions:
- length – 250 mm;
- width – 120 mm;
- height – 65 mm.
The dimensions of a double ordinary silicate block are slightly different:
- length – 250 mm;
- width – 120 mm;
- height – 138 mm.
One and a half thickened brick of different colors
Must have the dimensions specified in the standard:
- length – 250 mm;
- width – 120 mm;
- height – 88 mm.
Special modular block
Overall dimensions differ from the standard (usual):
- length – 280 mm;
- width – 130 mm;
- height – 80 mm.
Eurobrick
Today this original brick with the following dimensions has become very popular and in demand:
- length – 250 mm;
- width – 85 mm;
- height – 65 mm.
Calculation of building materials
Today there are many special online calculators that can very accurately calculate the amount of material required to build a house.
A simple calculation is based on the standard parameters of a conventional ceramic block (250x120x65 mm). One cubic meter contains 512.82 pieces. If we take into account masonry seams measuring about 10 mm, the number will decrease by 118 bricks.
To determine the number of bricks that fit in 1 square. meter, builders use special tables.
Consumption rate
When constructing any building, it is very important to adhere to the developed standards regarding the consumption of standard bricks with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm. Special tables help to accurately calculate the rate of material consumption. This takes into account intermediate seams per cubic meter, type of masonry, as well as the installation scheme of brick blocks:
- 2.5 products.
For a more accurate calculation, the thickness of the masonry of 1-2 bricks is also taken into account.
A huge variety of brick products allows you to choose the right type of blocks for individual and industrial construction. Different colors of bricks enable designers to realize their fantasies. Standardized dimensions make it easier to calculate the required amount of material.
You will find all brick sizes in the following video.
According to GOST standards, the planes that form a brick are called spoons, pokes and beds. The size of the brick and the method of its use depend on their dimensions. This material has been used for many centuries for the construction of various objects. The most ancient masons were the first to use it. Over time, manufacturing technology has changed, but rough bricks have retained standard sizes.
The height, width and length of an ordinary building brick are related to each other as 1:1/2:1/4. Such dimensions and proportions help make the structure strong and durable. Another important issue during construction is the weight of the type of material used. Established parameters help to accurately calculate the amount of material required when planning structures.
There are several standard types of brick models:
- single - has dimensions 250x120x65, European marking of single brick - RF;
- double brick - dimension 250x120x138;
- modular - 280x130x80;
- euro - 250x85x65.
The most popular red brick model is considered to have an aspect ratio of 250x114x71. This is the dimension of normal material marked NF. A thin model, whose thickness is smaller than a normal one - 240x115x52, is also considered common. There is a wide selection of this material on the market. You can calculate the construction of a house from models, the length of which can be up to 500 mm.
The shape of the bricks is also different. According to their form, they are divided into 2 types:
- hollow.
During manufacturing, there are some allowances for minor defects (deviations from the norm).
potential length, width and height may vary depending on the building material - facing or building brick. The standardization of facing bricks should be stricter, since the beauty of the building’s façade depends on its size.
GOST standards
For ordinary solid red brick it is allowed:
- the presence of 2 stepped or chipped ribs and corners, size - up to 1.5 cm along the length of the rib;
- curved edges or edges no more than 0.3 cm;
- crack up to 3 cm on the sides (longitudinal edges) of the brick.
For ordinary hollow red brick, it is acceptable to have the following defects:
- up to 2 broken corners or edges, the length of which is up to 1.5 cm, the main condition is not to come into contact with voids;
- the entire thickness is affected by the thickness of the bed, the width can reach a number of voids;
- one crack on the butt and spoon edges.
Facing bricks cannot have:
- corner chips more than 1.5 cm deep;
- small cracks;
- chips on the ribs, at least 0.3 cm wide and 1.5 cm long.
Suitable facing material has:
- no more than 1 broken corner, depth up to 1.5 cm;
- up to 1 broken rib, the depth of which is up to 3 cm, and the length is up to 1.5 cm.
Architectural and construction plans involve the use of not only different textures on the facade of the house, but also different color schemes. Therefore, manufacturers have created such a variety of brick materials for building houses that you can choose one to suit every taste. There is the possibility of combining not only aged materials, but also colorful, textured options. All this is done taking into account the durability of the structures.
To reduce the weight of structures, one-and-a-half and double types are used. They are quite light, unlike other types, since they are mostly made hollow. Larger blocks are most often used. But at the same time, the size of ceramic brick and its ability to retain heat make it as popular as white stone, shell rock, and rough brick. The use of this material makes construction quick and simple. And the consumption of masonry products is reduced.
Purpose of various models
Brick has different types of division. According to the type of material from which the brick is made, they are divided into:
- Red or ceramic is a universal material used for the construction of structures for various purposes. The manufacturing technology is simple and inexpensive: clay pressed into briquettes is fired and cooled. Widely used in the construction of fundamental structures, walls, partitions. Often used in the construction of high, strong and durable fences. The ceramic type has different markings - 75, 100, 120, 150, 200, 250 and 300. The marking is an indicator of the unit's ability to withstand a certain pressure.
- White or silicate - production is based on silicates. Silicate brick is considered less durable than red brick. But it is softer and more pliable, and has lightness. The versatility of white sand-lime brick is much less than that of the standard type. Used for the construction of walls and partitions. The use of white brick does not apply to the construction of foundations and fireplaces.
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According to purpose, it is divided into 4 types:
- Private - provides operational functions for masonry.
- Clinker - considered a durable type, water absorption is practically absent. In aggressive environments it is used to build houses, as it can withstand terrible weather conditions. Also used as a decorative material.
- Fireclay or fireproof - in everyday life, units marked Ш are used, which have different dimensions.
- Facing - is divided into several subtypes: chopped, smooth, imitating wild stone. Has a wide selection of sizes.
Additional forms
There are 2 types of brick shapes: rectangular and wedge-shaped. This form is used when laying semicircular vaults and arches with different radii of curvature. Decorative or facing bricks are ideal masonry materials for constructing external walls and reproducing interior decoration.
Why are the length and width always the same - 250x120 mm? The height of the building material in question may vary. The silicate one-and-a-half brick has dimensions of 250x120x88 mm. Such changes are important for the convenient use of materials during masonry.
The dimensions of sand-lime bricks (250x120) are convenient because they are easy to use in construction.
This is the kind of brick that fits easily in the hand, so it is convenient to place it. And since most of the work during the construction of a home is performed by people, it is important to create materials that are as easy to use as possible for them. The standard size of white sand-lime brick simplifies the laying of walls and partitions.
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When building a house, it is important to know what types of materials can be used for the foundation, and what types can be used to build walls and partitions between rooms. That is why before constructing buildings it is important to study the properties of a particular type of material. Not all bricks are suitable for exterior cladding of a house and construction of a foundation.
According to GOST, spoons, poke, bed are the names of the planes that form the sides of the brick. This building material has a long history. It was used in their work by ancient masons. Years passed, production technologies improved, new types of bricks appeared, but their traditional sizes remained virtually unchanged.
The aspect ratio of this material is 1:1/2:1/4. Its proportional dimensions make it possible to ensure the necessary strength of the masonry; it is also important. Brick dimensions tied to standards make it easy to calculate their quantity for the construction of a particular structure.
Brick dimensions according to GOST - height, length and width
Modern construction does not stand still. With increasing requirements for the construction of houses, the range of brick sizes has also expanded:
- Single– 250x120x65 mm (fixed by GOST 530-2007). According to the European marking they are designated RF.
- Double– 250x120x138 mm.
- One and a half– 250x120x88 mm.
- Modular- 280x130x80 mm.
- Euro bricks h – 250x85x65 mm.
The most popular bricks in Europe are NF (normal) - 240x115x71 and DF (thin) - 240x115x52, less common sizes are 250x85x65 mm and 200x100x50(65). Today you can buy material up to 500 mm long. The choice of standard sizes is growing every year.
According to their shape, bricks are divided into:
- full-bodied,
- hollow (slotted)
However, in addition to the main dimensions, such as height, length and width, permissions for deviations from the norm (defects) are also used. Their size depends on the type of building material - construction or facing. The latter is subject to more stringent requirements, since the aesthetics of the building depend on its characteristics.
For solid building bricks it is allowed:
- The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners of no more than 2 and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
- Curvature of edges and edges up to 0.3 cm;
- On the side longitudinal (spoon) edges, a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.
For the construction hollow version it is allowed:
- No more than 2 dents on corners or edges 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
- Full-thickness cracks in the bed. In width they can reach the first row of voids;
- One crack each on the butt and spoon (transverse side) edges.
For facing bricks it is not allowed:
- Chips of corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
- Presence of cracks;
- Broken ribs whose width exceeds 0.3 cm and length exceeds 1.5 cm.
In this case, a facing material that has:
- No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
- Separating handwritings that in total do not exceed 4 cm in length;
- No more than 1 broken ribs, depth not exceeding 3 cm, and length not exceeding 1.5 cm.
Architectural design often involves the use of different textures and colors. The modern choice of building materials is almost limitless. If desired, you can combine artificially aged, variegated and textured options in masonry without compromising the durability of the house.
One-and-a-half and double bricks are produced mainly as hollow ones. This allows the weight of the structure to be reduced.
The most popular in modern construction are porous large-sized blocks. Ceramic brick is lighter and warmer than the usual construction option. Its use makes it possible to simplify and speed up construction, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition.
To lay 1 m3, you will need 512 single-type bricks, and one-and-a-half bricks are 26% more - 378 pieces.
Red, sand-lime and facing bricks - dimensions and purpose
By type of material they are divided into:
- Red (ceramic).
This type of building material is obtained by firing briquettes from pressed clay. This is a universal material. It is widely used in the construction of foundations, wall structures, partitions, fences, and furnace laying. Solid red brick comes in the following grades - 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The grade indicates how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg/cm2). The weight of 1 cubic meter of this material is 1700 kg (480 pieces).
- White (silicate).
It is produced on a silicate basis. Compared to red brick, it is a softer, lighter material and has lower strength than its red counterpart. In addition, the silicate version is inferior to red in versatility. It can only be used in the construction of walls and partitions. It is not recommended to use white brick as a material for the foundation and plinth, for laying fireplaces and stoves.
By purpose:
- Private.
A brick that ensures the performance characteristics of the masonry.
- Clinker.
It is characterized by low water absorption and high strength, which ensures proper performance characteristics of the masonry even in a highly aggressive environment. Clinker brick perfectly copes with the functions of a decorative material.
- Fireclay (fireproof).
For domestic purposes, the fireproof fireclay version, which is marked “Sh,” is most often used. For example, Ш-5 has dimensions 230х114х65 mm, Ш-6 – 230х115х40 mm, Ш-8 – 250х124х65 mm.
- Facing.
The facing brick can be chopped, smooth, imitating wild stone. Below are the main dimensions:
- 290x140x85 mm;
- 250x85x65 mm;
- 250x120x88 mm;
- 250x80x65 mm;
- 250x60x65 mm;
- 250x120x65 mm.
In addition to rectangular bricks, they can have a wedge shape. This type of building materials is used in the laying of vaults and semicircular arches of different radii of curvature. The end wedge Ш-22 has dimensions 230х114х65/55 mm, and for example the end wedge Ш-45 – 230х114хх65/45 mm.
The use of decorative (cladding) bricks allows for impeccable laying of external walls, as well as interior finishing of premises. When using facing bricks for internal walls, special attention should be paid to stitching the seams.