Jet furnace. Do-it-yourself rocket stove, drawings and manufacturing process - from simple to complex

A rocket stove made of long-burning bricks, despite its simplicity of design, can solve a number of problems for owners of dachas and private houses. These include not only heating and cooking functions, but also the creation of an original interior and comfort in the room.

Collapse

Principle of operation

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas during combustion, which has a high level of heat transfer during combustion.

In conventional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe along with the gas, where it cools and settles on the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, gases move more slowly, do not have time to cool, but burn out, giving off a large amount of heat.

In models of jet heating devices of complex design, heated air and gas pass through a number of internal channels. Then they move to the upper part of the body, under the hob, where it burns completely. For such a rocket there is no need for additional boost. The draft in them is created by the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the upward flow.

Principle of operation

This diagram shows the operating principle of a rocket stove with a stove bench

Advantages and disadvantages

Long combustion rocket stoves have the following advantages:

• high efficiency - at least 85%;
• high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
• absence of soot - the exhaust during fuel combustion does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
• the ability to operate on solid fuel of any type;
• low consumption - the fuel consumption of a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than that of a conventional stove under equal conditions: combustion time and heating temperature;
• the possibility of installing a warm bed;
• Duration of heat retention in a well-heated structure without adding fuel - up to 12 hours.

This stove has many advantages, but there are also disadvantages

The disadvantages include:

• manual method of controlling a heating device - fuel burns out quickly and requires regular reporting;
• the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens owners with burns in case of accidental contact;
• the heating speed does not allow the use of a rocket stove for baths;
• the aesthetic component of such a device is not for everyone and is not suitable for every interior;
• danger of carbon monoxide entering living rooms.

Materials

Do-it-yourself building materials for the construction of a long-burning rocket stove are selected depending on the calorific value of the fuel. For laying the main part of the building, simple red stove bricks are usually used. The firebox and combustion bunker are lined with fireclay bricks.

If you plan to use high-calorie fuel (for example, coal), then refractory bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. The masonry elements are fastened with an aqueous solution of a mixture of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of design for a long-burning rocket stove, you will need to buy stove accessories:

• blower;
• grates;
• firebox doors;
• intermediate cap;
• chimney pipe.

Tools

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of tools for work, which should consist of:

• trowels for scooping and distributing the solution. It is more convenient to work with a tool with the handle moved slightly to the side;
• picks or hammers - picks for trimming individual parts of brick;
• grinders with a diamond blade for sawing whole blocks into quarters and halves;
• mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
• twisted cord - moorings;
• building level;
• square and tape measure;
• shovels.

You also need to stock up on two containers for preparing the solution, concrete and a metal mesh for sifting the ingredients.

How to do it yourself?

Before you make a rocket stove, you need to decide on the location of its installation, the dimensions of the future design, and develop a diagram. The masonry technology itself is quite simple; any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket stove can be built from 20 bricks at a summer cottage and used to heat food brought from home.

Selecting a location

Before starting construction, the first thing is to choose a location. It is recommended to place rocket-type brick stoves closer to the front door. In this case, after cleaning, the ash will not need to be carried across the entire room, which will have a positive effect on the overall dustiness of the room.

It is also desirable that at the point where the pipe exits there are no rafters located closer to the chimney than 40 cm. Moreover, the stove should not be adjacent to the external wall of the house, so that expensive heat is not lost to heating the street.

Preparation of the solution

Cement mortar will quickly crack under the influence of high temperatures, so for laying heating devices made of bricks, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay must be soaked, strained, and then sand must be added. The resulting solution should have a consistency similar to thick sour cream. You can check its viscosity level in the following way:

• place a wooden stick or trowel handle into the mixture;
• remove the tool and shake well;
• check the thickness of the adhering layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm add sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required thickness can fill all the unevenness of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Laying a rocket furnace of 20 bricks

Ordering a rocket stove for 20 bricks

Example of a brick rocket stove

Laying a rocket stove with a stove bench

A brick rocket stove, even equipped with a stove bench, is small in size. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be made of iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it a more rounded shape.

Row No.	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of the masonry	Drawing
1	62	Forming the base of the furnace	(click to enlarge)
2	44	Formation of the base of channels for heating the bed along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast iron door
3	44	Repeating the outline of the second row
4	59	Complete channel blocking. Beginning of the formation of a vertical smoke channel and firebox
5	60	Construction of a bed	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of the laying of the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Formation of a smoke channel	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	Beginning of laying the chimney pipe. This is where the channel begins, through which the air from the hob will fall down to move to the stove bench
13	10	Completion of the formation of the surface for the hob. Laying an asbestos pad, which is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney channel and forming a low wall between the stove bench and the hob.

After completing the masonry work, the homemade rocket stove must be dried, carefully, heating at low intensity. First, no more than 20% of the required amount of firewood is placed in the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30 - 40 minutes.

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until its outer surface is cleared of damp stains. Depending on the size of the device, drying may take from three to eight days. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in summer.

Accelerating drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Finished look

You need to launch a brick rocket stove only when the chimney is warm. For a small device, this property is not so significant, and a larger stove on a cold pipe only wastes firewood.

Therefore, to bake a rocket before loading the fuel quota after a long break in operation, you need to heat it with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a ash pit with the door open. When the hum in the stove decreases in pitch or subsides, then you can load all the fuel into the firebox; it should ignite by itself from the existing fire.

A rocket stove with a stove bench is not a completely self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the fire with the normal amount of fuel, the ash door is left in the open position. After the stove begins to hum strongly, it is covered until the sound emitted is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to heat the stove; wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the required temperature, which can lead to reverse draft.

Conclusion

The brick jet stove is becoming an increasingly popular heating device for small buildings, both temporary and permanent residence. This is explained by the simplicity of execution, low cost of material, long battery life and high heat transfer of this design.

←Previous article Next article →

The simple and cheap design of the rocket stove began its march around the world from North America, where it is still very popular in rural areas. It is known on all continents, including distant Australia. The heating unit captivates amateur enthusiasts with its simplicity and energy efficiency, which, combined with its low cost, makes it extremely attractive for manufacturing at home. Of course, a jet stove cannot heat a large house, but in a country house or in a small garden house it would be more than appropriate. Surprisingly, but true - only a few people know about this amazing design. And this is in a country where cold weather lasts longer than six months! Today we will fill this gap and tell you everything we know about the warm and cozy “rocket”, including the smallest details of how to make it yourself and the intricacies of its operation.

Jet stove - what is it?

The home heat that comes from a jet stove cannot be provided by any modern heater.

A jet stove, or, as it is also called, a rocket stove, actually has nothing in common with modern technologies. The only thing that makes this heating unit look like a space vehicle is the intense flow of flame and the humming associated with improper operation. Nevertheless, it cannot be said that the rocket stove is a completely backward device in technical terms. Despite its simple design, it uses the most advanced methods of burning solid fuels:

• pyrolytic combustion of gases released during dry distillation of solid fuel;
• movement of gaseous products through the furnace channels, which does not require forced ejection due to draft.

This is what a simple jet-powered stove looks like

The simplest “rocket” is a curved piece of large diameter pipe. Firewood or other fuel is placed in a short horizontal section and set on fire. At first, the heating device works like an ordinary potbelly stove, but this is only until the temperature of the longer vertical part, which acts as a chimney, rises. The red-hot metal promotes the re-ignition of flammable substances and the appearance of a vacuum at the top point of the chimney. Due to increased draft, the air flow to the firewood increases, which significantly increases the burning intensity. In order to achieve even greater efficiency from this original device, the firebox opening is equipped with a door. When the cross-section of the air channel decreases, the supply of oxygen to the firewood stops and its pyrolytic decomposition into gaseous hydrocarbons begins. But in such a simple installation they will not burn completely - for this you will need to set up a separate area for afterburning the flue gases. By the way, it is this, as well as the thermal insulation of the chimney, that allows more complex “rockets” to successfully compete with other solid fuel units. As for the simplest design we are considering, it is often used for cooking or heating food. All that is required for this is to equip a convenient platform for a pot or kettle on the vertical section of the stove.

Geography of application of rocket heating units

Being a simple and convenient heating and cooking unit, the rocket stove is widely used in both mobile and stationary versions. Most often it is used:

• for heating residential premises;
• as equipment for drying fruits;
• for heating greenhouses;
• to ensure normal working conditions in workshops or garages;
• to maintain above-zero temperatures in warehouses, utility rooms, etc.

Thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and reliability, the jet heater enjoys well-deserved respect among fishermen and hunters, car rally enthusiasts and survivalists. There is even a special version, the purpose of which is indicated by the name - “Robinson”.

Advantages and disadvantages of the rocket stove

Despite its simple design, the rocket stove has many advantages:

• efficiency level at the level of the best examples of modern heating equipment operating on solid fuel;
• efficiency - to achieve the required temperature, the reactive unit will consume four times less firewood than a traditional oven design;
• heating temperature above 1000 °C;
• the ability to use any type of solid fuel, including dry plant waste, cones, pine needles and shavings;
• complete combustion and environmental friendliness - during operation, the flame temperature increases so much that the soot ignites. Rocket stove smoke consists primarily of water vapor and carbon dioxide;
• possibility of additional fuel loading for continuous operation of the heating device;
• simplicity and reliability;
• the presence of portable structures intended for mobile use.

The heating unit is not without its drawbacks. Operation of the device is associated with the risk of carbon monoxide entering the home. The stove cannot be used to heat a large house, and attempts to install a water heat exchanger in the combustion zone lead to a decrease in thermal power and disruption of normal operation. The disadvantages include the low aesthetic value of the design, which, however, is a very ambiguous statement, since for lovers of ethno-style, the design of the stove is a real find.

Types of jet heating devices. Choosing a design for self-production

Craftsmen have developed several designs of rocket stoves suitable for mobile or stationary use:

• portable units made of metal pipes, cans or buckets;
• jet heating devices from a gas cylinder;
• ovens built from fireclay bricks and metal containers;
• heating heat generators with a stove bench.

The most difficult to manufacture are the structures, the construction of which requires the skills of a mason. However, if you have detailed diagrams of serial layouts, even a novice home craftsman can handle this work.

Portable rocket stove

Portable rocket stoves are mass-produced by industry

Hiking options are represented by the simplest designs, which are based on the same pipe bent or welded from individual sections. The improvements affected only the installation of a partition for arranging the ash pit, in which a slot is made for air leakage. Often the lower part of the loading chamber is equipped with a grate to supply air directly to the combustion zone. The opening for storing firewood is equipped with a door, which subsequently regulates the air supply.

The requirements for a mobile design also extend to convenience during cooking, so the upper section of the chimney must be equipped with a stand for metal utensils.

Gas cylinder unit

The use of a gas cylinder is the next step in the development of jet heating devices. A more complex design can significantly increase the thermal power and efficiency of the furnace. All that is required to manufacture the installation is a household gas cylinder or fuel barrel, sections of thick-walled steel pipes and a metal sheet 3–5 mm thick.

A rocket stove made from a gas cylinder can be used to heat small utility rooms

If you have a piece of steel pipe with thick walls and a diameter of more than 30 cm, a rocket stove can be made from it. This option will allow you to avoid labor-intensive operations associated with disassembling the factory gas tank.

How such a design works can be seen in the diagram below. Firewood loaded into the firebox burns due to the flow of air through the loading window. Afterburning of combustible gases occurs in a pipe installed inside the cylinder due to the supply of secondary air. To enhance the effect, the inner chamber is insulated, which makes it possible to raise the temperature inside above 1000 °C. Hot gases hit the bell as they move and enter the outer chamber, the walls of which act as a heat exchanger. Having given up their energy, the combustion products are discharged through a chimney cut into the lower part on the back side of the cylinder.

To create the draft necessary for stable operation of the rocket stove, the top of the chimney is raised at least 4 m relative to the loading window.

Combined rocket stove made of brick and metal barrel

The use of fireclay bricks for arranging the firebox and internal chambers of a jet heating device transforms the “rocket” into the category of stationary structures. The high heat capacity of the materials used allows heat to be accumulated and released within several hours, which is why such units are often installed in residential premises.

Furnace structure with refractory lining of the working area

Jet stove with stove bench

Like other solid fuel stoves, the "rocket" has the disadvantage that most of the heat is lost through the chimney. Despite this, certain advantages of its design make it easy to get rid of this disadvantage. The thing is that the unit was called reactive for a reason, but because of the high rate of excision of burning gases. This feature can be turned into a benefit by significantly increasing the length of the smoke exhaust channels.

Scheme of a jet stove with a stove bench

This idea found its implementation in massive stationary structures with a couch in the shape of a sofa or bed. It is successfully made from brick or rubble stone, decorated with a plastic mass of clay and sawdust. Thanks to the high heat capacity of the materials used, the stove can retain heat all night, which, combined with high efficiency, makes the heating unit very attractive for installation in residential premises.

When choosing a design for manufacturing at home, you need to take into account the features of its operation. As a camping option, choose a mobile unit - it will be enough to warm up, dry clothes and cook lunch. In order to occasionally heat small technical rooms, a portable structure made from a gas cylinder is used. If you need to heat a small country house or cottage, then there is simply no better option than a jet heating unit with a stove bench.

We build a rocket oven with our own hands

The design proposed for self-production is the elite of rocket heating devices. After construction, it will delight the owner for a long time with comfort and cozy warmth, even in the most severe frost. As you might have guessed, we are talking about a unit with a stove bench. Despite the fact that such a design is the most complex, the diagrams, instructions and descriptions we presented will allow you to build a stove in just 2-3 days.

Device and principle of operation

A rocket furnace consists of several chambers and channels. The bunker for loading firewood is made of fireclay bricks and is equipped with an opening in the lower part for air supply. It has a refractory lining and a channel that connects the firebox with a vertical flue (fire pipe or riser). A metal barrel is used as the casing of the rocket furnace, inside of which the afterburning chamber is lined with magnesite or fireclay bricks. The heat exchanger of the heating unit is not only a steel container, but also long horizontal channels of the stove bench made of galvanized steel pipes or bricks.

The processes occurring inside a stationary reactive furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units

There is no need to use refractory materials to construct heat exchange channels. A well-burnt red brick is sufficient.

The body of the stove and trestle beds is formed from sandbags, stone or brick fragments and coated with a clay composition. The good heat-storing ability of finishing materials allows the structure to release heat within several hours after the firewood has completely burned out. To remove combustion products, a high chimney is used, which can pass both indoors and outdoors.

The high performance of the “rocket” is explained by the method of fuel combustion, which tends not so much to direct-flow heating units as to pyrolysis boilers. The operation of the furnace is accompanied by the active release of gas components, which are burned in the riser. The cap helps reduce the flow rate of hot gases, otherwise they simply would not have time to oxidize. By the way, heating the upper part of the flame tube creates a vacuum at its end, due to which active combustion of the fuel occurs. In this case, such a high temperature arises in the riser that even the soot ignites. Nevertheless, at the point of transition from the vertical channel to the horizontal heat exchanger, experts recommend installing an ash pan, equipping its chamber with a small door to allow periodic maintenance.

Calculation of basic parameters, drawing

There is no need to give the exact dimensions of a rocket stove with a stove bench - its dimensions and configuration completely depend on the characteristics of the room. The presented method for calculating parameters, based on the use of the proportions of all parts of the rocket furnace, will be quite sufficient to design a high-performance, efficient unit.

To perform the calculation, it is enough to know the diameter D and height H of the external heat exchange casing (drum).

1. The height of the flame tube is at least 1.3H.
2. The gap between the riser and the cap is 0.1–0.15H.
3. External clay coating is carried out no higher than 1/3H.
4. The thickness of the heat-accumulating layer should be no more than 1/3D.
5. The cross section of the flame tube is 0.25–0.3D.
6. The height of the ash pan is up to 10% of the vertical dimensions of the casing.
7. The cross-section of the blower should be 50% smaller than the riser area.
8. The thickness of the adobe cushion above the heat exchanger is at least 1/4D.
9. The chimney height is more than 4 m.
10. The length of the horizontal heat exchanger is calculated based on the volume of the drum. If a standard fuel barrel is used, it can reach 6–8 m.

As you can see, it is not difficult to determine the dimensions of all elements of the furnace, especially since its design allows for some liberties in terms of dimensions and configuration.

For perfectionists and those who are afraid to experiment, we present a drawing of a heating unit, drawn to scale on a marked sheet of paper. If necessary, taking exact dimensions from it will not be difficult.

Drawing of a stationary jet heating installation

Materials and tools

The construction of a jet furnace does not require any special equipment. The only power tools required during the work process are a welding machine and an angle grinder, and even then just for a few minutes - to separate the barrel lid and configure the heat exchanger pipes. Any owner can also find everything else:

• trowel (trowel);
• bushhammer;
• building level and plumb line;
• roulette;
• container for preparing the solution;
• bayonet shovel;
• tamping;
• buckets;
• concrete trowel.

Although the design of the “rocket” is undemanding in terms of materials, you will still have to buy some of them. Here is a list of what will be needed during the construction process:

• refractory bricks of any type;
• metal barrel for making a casing;
• a pipe Ø30–40 cm, which will hold the thermal insulation coating of the vertical channel. You can use the housing from an old water heater, a suitable capacity of an industrial receiver or a hydraulic accumulator;
• galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of more than 25 cm, which will be needed as a heat exchanger;
• a steel pipe for arranging a chimney with a diameter of 150 mm and an elbow for its outlet at 90°;
• ash pan hatch;
• blower door;
• a special heat-resistant mixture for preparing the solution (can be replaced with sand and clay);
• perlite for thermal insulation of the riser;
• Red brick;
• rubble stone or brick waste;
• sawdust or chaff.

Since the barrel will be only partially embedded in the oven, it will have to be painted to increase the aesthetic value of the unit. To do this, you will additionally need a metal brush, a solvent to degrease the metal surface, a primer and any heat-resistant paint.

Site selection and other preparatory activities

When determining the construction site, you should take into account the requirements that apply to all designs of solid fuel stoves with an open flame:

• the area of ​​the room in which it is planned to install a jet heating device with a sunbed must be at least 16 m2;
• the absence of logs (floor beams) under the stove body will greatly simplify installation;
• there should be no wooden rafters or ceilings above the fireplace;
• if part of the chimney passes through the ceiling, then the stove is installed closer to the central part of the house. In this case, the pipe can be secured near the ridge;
• You should not install a heating structure close to the outer contour of the building - precious heat will go outside. It is better to attach the unit to one of the internal walls;
• It is not recommended to build a jet device near wooden walls and partitions. In this case, separate accommodation is chosen.

It is also important how convenient it will be to light the rocket stove and throw firewood into it. To do this, the firebox is placed towards the entrance, providing at least 1 m of free space in front of it.

One of the many options for installing a stove in the middle of the room

In a small room, it is convenient to place a rocket stove in the corner, with the loading hopper oriented in one direction and the lounger in the other.

Having chosen a place, they begin to prepare it for future construction. If the room has a wooden floor, then the part of it that will be under the stove is removed. After this, a shallow pit is dug, the bottom of which is compacted using a tamper.

In addition, it is necessary to prepare a metal barrel for installation. To do this, cut off its cover along the contour. In this case, part of the thickening in the form of a metal hoop is left to ensure the rigidity of the base of the casing. Most likely, the fuel container will be dirty and rusty, so it is better to clean it before installation.

The last thing to do before starting construction is to prepare the solution. It is best to use a special heat-resistant composition, which can be bought in construction stores, but you can get by with a simple mixture of sand and clay in a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, depending on the fat content of the latter. Water will be needed up to ¼ of the volume of dry ingredients - the output should be a composition reminiscent of thick sour cream.

Instructions for the progress of work

As already mentioned, to make a rocket stove with a stove bench, it will take much more effort and time than when making a metal unit. Step-by-step instructions with illustrations of all stages of construction will help make the task easier and reduce time.

1. The place where the firebox will be formed is deepened by 10 cm and laid out with refractory bricks, after which formwork is installed along the contour of the furnace. To strengthen the foundation, it is necessary to install reinforcement from building mesh, reinforcement Ø10–20 mm or scraps of metal pipes and corners.

   

   Arrangement of formwork

2. Lay out the base of the working chamber according to the level.

   

   The base of the loading chamber is lined with refractory bricks

3. The structure is poured with concrete. Further work can begin immediately after the solution has set. As a rule, one day is enough for this.

   

   Pouring the foundation

4. The base of the jet furnace and the combustion chamber are formed from refractory bricks laid in a continuous pattern.

   

   Rocket stove base

5. Several rows of masonry raise the side walls of the structure.

   

   The walls are formed using fireclay bricks installed on the edge

6. The lower channel of the heat-generating rocket is being equipped.
7. The combustion chamber is covered with a row of bricks laid transversely in such a way as to leave two openings open - the firebox and the riser (vertical channel).

   

   Method of covering the horizontal part of the working chamber

8. An old casing from a storage boiler is prepared for installation. To do this, the device is cut off on both sides to obtain a large-diameter pipe.

   

   Furnace parts prepared for installation

9. The lower part of the fuel and lubricants container is equipped with a flange into which the horizontal heat exchanger pipe will fit. Welds must be continuous to ensure tightness and, accordingly, safety of the structure.

   

   Installation of the lower pipe is carried out by welding

10. After the outlet pipe is cut into the barrel, it is cleaned of rust, coated with a primer and several layers of heat-resistant paint.
11. A side outlet is welded to the horizontal chimney, acting as an ash pit. To clean it, the channel is equipped with a sealed flange.
12. A fire tube is made of fireclay bricks. The shape of its internal channel is a square with a side of 18 cm. During work, be sure to control the vertical position of the structure using a plumb line or a building level.

    

    The height of the vertical channel depends on the size of the outer drum

13. A casing is installed on the flame tube, after which the gaps between the metal container and the walls of the vertical channel are filled with perlite. To avoid spillage of thermal insulation on the floor, the lower part of the riser is carefully sealed using a clay mixture.

    

    Riser thermal insulation method

14. The firebox cap is made. You can use a cut-off part of the water heater as it, providing it with a comfortable handle.
15. The furnace body is formed using brick or stone masonry. For this purpose, you can also use sandbags placed at the base of the vertical channel.

    

    The oven body can be lined with sandbags

    The unassuming spring appearance is hidden with the help of adobe coating. To make it, up to 50% of large sawdust or chaff (chaff) is added to the clay solution.

    

    Coating the furnace body

    Additives in a clay mixture perform the same role as crushed stone in concrete. They are needed so that during drying and subsequent work with variable thermal loads, the surface of the furnace does not crack.

16. The perlite backfill on top also needs to be sealed with coating.
17. The front part of the oven is formed. To do this, lay out the outline of the stove using any suitable method (brick or stone masonry, sandbags, adobe). The inner part is filled with crushed stone, and the upper part is given the desired shape using adobe mixture.
18. An outer casing made of a metal barrel is installed on the prepared base, orienting the container with the lower pipe towards the stove bench. The lower part of the container is sealed with clay.

    

    Installation of a casing - a metal barrel

19. Using a corrugated pipe, a channel is led to the firebox, which connects the firebox to the external atmosphere. If it is not installed, the stove will consume warm air from the room, which will be replaced by cold masses coming from outside. On the side of the firebox, the channel will need to be closed as soon as the firewood is completely burned out. This will not allow air from the street to penetrate into the heat exchange channels.

    

    Duct for supplying air from outside the building

20. To check the operation of the rocket stove, the first kindling is carried out, during which they make sure that the gases freely exit into the horizontal chimney.
21. Heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe, which are installed on a base formed of red brick.
22. The chimney is being installed. All connections of parts of horizontal and vertical channels are sealed using asbestos cord and fire-resistant coating.
23. Using the same method as in the manufacture of the stove body, give the required configuration to the stove bench.

    

    Fully formed oven with bench

24. The barrel can be completely covered with adobe, leaving only the horizontal platform open, which is convenient to use for heating food.
25. The chimney brought outside is equipped with a condensate and tar trap, and the upper cut is protected from precipitation using a cap.

    

    The outer part of the chimney is equipped with a liquid trap

Tests of the rocket furnace are carried out only after the adobe coating has completely dried. Otherwise, the decorative coating may crack.

View of the finished rocket stove with a stove bench

For safe operation of a rocket stove, the room must be equipped with carbon monoxide sensors.

Modernization of rocket heat generator

To expand the scope of application of reactive heating stoves, they are being modified, increasing the convenience and versatility of the design. In mobile structures, the platform intended for cooking is often replaced with a full-fledged stove. It is convenient to use such a hob in your own backyard for household purposes - for preparing food for pets or during the period of preserving food for the winter. A special feature of this type of rocket furnace is a wide and flat horizontal channel into which hot gases from the nozzle are directed. Passing under the surface of the stove, they heat it red-hot, after which they go into the vertical chimney. Comfortable legs give the structure stability, and the original shape allows the unit to be used as a stand or table when it is not in use for its intended purpose.

A jet stove with a stove is a necessary thing in a suburban area

A liquid heat exchanger cannot be installed in the flame tube of a jet furnace, but this does not mean that it cannot be used as a heat generator in a water heating system. To do this, the “rocket” is equipped with a kind of circuit of radiator plates, which create a kind of labyrinth in the afterburning zone. Thanks to their heating, heat is removed from the afterburning chamber to the water jacket. The efficiency of the unit depends on the area and heat capacity of the plates, so they are made in the form of massive metal strips with an area of ​​up to ¾ of the cross-section of the fire channel. It must be said that such a heat exchanger is best used to produce hot water using the rocket stove itself in the traditional way.

Diagram of a rocket unit equipped with a water circuit

The rocket stove with a convector has an original design. To increase heat transfer, vertical tubes are mounted on the surface of the outer casing, performing the same role as the air channels of the buleryan. Cold air is trapped at the bottom of the tube heat exchangers and is heated as it moves upward. This ensures forced convection, which further increases the thermal efficiency of the installation.

Rocket heat generator casing equipped with a convector

Features of using reactive furnaces

Being a long-burning system, the rocket stove requires preheating before use. As a rule, in mobile installations no one complies with this requirement - they consume little fuel, and the potbelly stove itself is most often used on the principle of “it works, and that’s okay.” In stationary structures, warming up the furnace before starting is extremely important, since with a cold flame tube there can be no question of afterburning. The wood will burn without giving off heat, and the chimney will very quickly become covered with soot, tar and creosote.

The stove is heated using wood chips, paper or shavings, which are loaded into the firebox and set on fire. Reaching operating mode is judged by a humming sound in the heat channel. A loud sound indicates ineffective operation of the unit. As soon as the hum begins to subside, you need to start adding the main fuel. The vent should be completely open for the first 10–15 minutes. Then the air supply is reduced, focusing on the sound of the stove - it should “rustle” or “whisper”. After the wood burns out, the air duct of the firebox is covered to prevent heat from escaping from the room. Once every 2-3 days, ash is removed using a metal scoop and poker.

Maintenance of the jet stove is carried out no more than once a season. To do this, open the ash pan door, through which the remaining soot is removed. If necessary, clean the smoke channel using the hatch of its trap. It must be said that proper operation of a jet heater never leads to smoke in the room. All that is required of the owner is to follow the recommendations for using the “rocket” and not neglect safety rules.

DIY rocket stove: subtleties and nuances of construction (video)

Unique technical characteristics, almost zero cost and availability of materials for construction cover all the disadvantages of the jet furnace. If you wish, you can build a full-fledged heating device over the weekend, including arranging a comfortable couch. “Rocket” is also convenient because it does not require highly qualified stove-maker, and in its external design it allows the implementation of even the most unusual design concept.

close ×

The rocket stove was used by many peoples of the world long before the advent of modern home and household stoves. It served primarily to heat the home and provide a warm sleeping place in the house. Cooking also played an important role. When developing the stove design, it was necessary to come up with a system that could operate with the highest possible efficiency when loading low-quality wood fuel (dry and wet).

Nowadays, it is used for heating, for cooking, and also as an interior element. You can make a rocket stove with your own hands using almost improvised materials. It all depends on its purpose and the place where it will be used.

There are many types and designs of rocket stoves - from the simplest to the multifunctional. For efficient operation, it is necessary to follow some rules for operating the furnace structure. There are 2 main principles of operation of a rocket stove, regardless of its configuration:

• free circulation of released gases from the fuel through the formed furnace channels, without manual drafting of the chimney;
• post-burning of pyrolysis gases released from fuel combustion under conditions of insufficient oxygen supply.

Design, characteristics and application

The rocket stove owes its unique name to the characteristic stove hum that can be heard throughout the combustion process. It vaguely resembles the sound of a rocket taking off. It is also similar to a rocket in that, during the combustion process, jet thrust is created in it. The cone-shaped shape of the stove can also be associated with the name, but this is not the main characteristic.

There are 2 types of stove designs (shown in the diagrams):

The simplest rocket oven

The simplest design of a direct combustion rocket stove consists of 2 pipes connected by an outlet - a Russian rocket stove.

The down tube is separated by a metal plate. The upper part of the pipe is approximately 2/3 of the total space where the main fuel is directly placed. The lower part serves as a primitive blower, which provides air exchange in the furnace.

The fuel filling in this case is horizontal. When laid vertically, a rocket-type furnace consists of two vertical pipes of different lengths, and a third horizontal one, which serves as a connecting channel. The latter performs the function of a firebox.

The simplest form of a jet stove is installed, usually outdoors, for the purpose of cooking food and heating water.

To make a stationary simple rocket stove made of brick, a material is used that is installed on a heat-resistant platform.

In order to achieve higher productivity, new elements were added to the simplest stove design.

The diagram shows a camping jet stove. The lower pipe is divided by a special jumper into a fuel compartment (2) and a compartment for venting air into the combustion area (3). The upper part of the furnace consists of a riser pipe, around which a heat-insulating composition (4) is laid, covered with an outer metal casing (1).

The operation of the stove is as follows: fuel that heats the stove (straw, paper) is placed in the fuel compartment, after which the main fuel is added (chips, twigs, etc.). During active combustion, hot gases are formed, rising along the riser and escaping out. A stand for cooking utensils is installed on the cut of the pipe, taking into account a gap of 7-10 mm. Otherwise, if the required gap is not maintained, the outlet for oxygen draft will be blocked, which, in turn, raises hot gases upward. The combustion process will stop.

If the conditions for creating air draft are met, even with the combustion door closed, the combustion process will not stop. Here, the second principle of operation of a long-burning rocket furnace partially works - afterburning of pyrolysis gases in conditions of insufficient oxygen supply.

For this principle to work fully, it is necessary to provide the rocket furnace with high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, because the processes of formation and combustion of gases require compliance with temperature requirements.

Improved design

This type of rocket stove, in an improved configuration, can be used at home both for cooking and for heating rooms. In addition to the fuel compartment and pipe, it has a second building, on top of which a hob is installed, and the chimney is routed to the street. You can heat a room with an area of ​​up to 50 sq.m. with such a stove.

As a result of the modernization, useful qualities and efficiency increase due to the fact that the long-burning rocket stove acquires several unique and important properties:

• in contrast to the simple design of a rocket furnace, the improved one uses a second outer casing, thermal insulating material around the combustion pipe, and a hermetically sealed upper part of the casing, which creates conditions for maintaining a high temperature for a long time;
• an autonomous hole for supplying secondary air in a modernized furnace provides optimal air supply, while in a simple design an open firebox is used for this;
• the chimney system is designed in such a way that the heated gas flow does not rush out of the pipe immediately, but passes through the stove channels, ensuring high-quality combustion of secondary fuel, heating of the hob and uniform heat transfer of air into the room through the heated stove body.

The improved design uses additional elements aimed at creating high heat transfer and versatility of the rocket stove. Two principles of furnace operation are actively involved here. First, preliminary combustion of solid fuel occurs, which during combustion releases pyrolysis gases, which are used as secondary fuel.

The operating principle of a rocket furnace of this design is depicted in detail in the diagram on the left. Fuel for preliminary combustion is loaded into the fuel compartment (1). In the zone of the most active heat exchange (2), under conditions of insufficient supply of primary oxygen (A), regulated by the damper (3), pyrolysis gases are released. They rush to the end of the fire channel (5), where they burn out. Favorable conditions for gas combustion are created due to the high thermal insulation of the structure and the continuously flowing flow of secondary oxygen (B).

Then the hot gas rises up through the internal channel of the riser pipe (7) under the housing cover, which is often equipped under the cooking surface (10), due to continuous high-temperature heating. There, the gas accumulation diverges through channels located between the riser and the outer furnace body (6). Under conditions of constant heating of the housing, its walls accumulate heat, causing the air in the room to heat up. After this, the gas flow descends down the channel and then exits upward into the chimney pipe (11).

The combustion process can last several hours. For maximum heat transfer from the furnace and complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is necessary to maintain a consistently high temperature in the riser. To do this, it is placed in a pipe of slightly larger diameter, which is called a shell (8). The resulting space between the two pipes is tightly filled with a heat-resistant compound, for example, sifted sand, to provide thermal insulation in the pipe.

Features of operating a rocket furnace

1. Before loading the main fuel, the stove must be warmed up. This applies more to large and multifunctional rocket stoves. In them, without preheating, thermal energy will be wasted.
2. To accelerate the furnace, dry paper, wood shavings, and straw are placed in an open ash pit. Sufficient heating of the furnace can be determined by the hum in the furnace, which subsequently subsides. Then the main fuel is placed into the heated rocket stove, which is ignited by the booster fuel.
3. At the beginning of combustion of the main fuel, the ash door is opened completely. After a while, when the stove hum appears, the vent is covered until the hum is replaced by a whisper. In the future, to assess the state of combustion of the stove, you also need to focus on the “stove sound”, opening the ash door slightly when it subsides and closing it when a hum occurs.
4. The larger the jet stove, the smaller the opening for fresh air is needed. It is advisable to use a separate blower in such a furnace.
5. The power of the furnace can be adjusted only by the volume of fuel added, but not by the air supply.
6. When making a large rocket stove yourself, its bunker should be made with a tight-fitting lid, without gaps or cracks. Otherwise, stable operating conditions of the furnace will not be ensured, which can result in the consumption of excess fuel energy.
7. Contrary to popular belief, a rocket stove for a sauna is not suitable for installation, since the stove does not emit infrared radiation in sufficient quantities, which is necessary for heating the walls and transmitting convection into the air masses in a sauna. A rocket stove for a bathhouse, theoretically, can only be installed using the Shirokov-Khramtsov stove type, the characteristics of which are given below.
8. A rocket stove for a garage is a mobile version of a stove design that can quickly heat a room. The main element is a heating tank made of pipe.

Fuel types

With proper assembly and operation, a rocket stove can be fired with any type of solid fuel, wood and its waste. For example, branches, leaves, firewood, coal, corn stalks, cones, pieces of chipboard, pieces of furniture. Fuel can be loaded into the stove in either dry or raw form. This is especially true for its operation in natural conditions, where it is not always possible to find dry raw materials.

Types of rocket stoves

A rocket stove can be made independently or custom-made from various materials. Here you need to focus on the capabilities and available resources.

Gas cylinder stove

Used gas cylinder is a widely used stove material. The convenience of its use lies in the fact that it is, in fact, a ready-made blank of the furnace body of an elongated cone shape. Fuel costs are minimal, and the heat generated will heat a room of up to 50 sq.m. The material of the cylinder must be chosen that is non-explosive and resistant to high temperatures and heat. The best option is a solid metal propane cylinder with a capacity of 50 liters, a diameter of 35 cm and a height of 85 cm. This volume is enough to burn any type of fuel.

Also, for the manufacture of a portable rocket stove from a gas cylinder, volumes of 12 and 27 liters are used, but with less heat transfer. The cylinder can be purchased at a special gas station.

Before starting the manufacture of the furnace, the gas is released from the cylinder by opening the valve for a while. Then, a simple potbelly stove is made. Next, the upper part of the cylinder is cut off, leaving the hole for the valve. A round hole with a welded steel strip is cut at the top, which serves as the basis for the chimney.

Brick oven

It can be either stationary or traveling. A rocket stove made hastily, in 15-20 minutes, made of bricks, broken bricks or cobblestones “on dry ground” will do an excellent job of cooking food and heating water. The disadvantage of such a stove is low fuel economy and low heat output. Heating the bricks in the chimney to 1000 degrees allows the structure to quickly enter operating mode. At the same time, the rocket does not smoke due to the fact that at this temperature all the fuel burns without residue.

Water-jacketed rocket stove

The most commonly used is the stationary oven type. The peculiarity of such a stove is that heat transfer is used not only to heat the air in the room, but also to heat the water. To do this, a rocket stove with a water circuit is connected to a heat storage tank to create an autonomous water supply system. An ideal option for use in a country house or private water supply, because the device helps reduce heating and water heating costs, which is very economical.

Barrel stove

A common model for heating a home. Low-cost to manufacture and energy-intensive in heat transfer. Often equipped together with a warm bed. Capable of heating a room of more than 50 square meters. m. A standard 200-liter barrel with a diameter of 607 mm is perfect for making a stove. This diameter can be reduced by almost half, which is convenient for installing a riser pipe made from a gas cylinder or tin buckets with a diameter of 300-400 mm. In short, the stove can be built from scrap materials.

Shirokov-Khramtsov furnace

Domestic modernization of the rocket furnace. The main material is heat-resistant concrete, which creates excellent thermodynamics in the structure. Due to the stable operation of the furnace and the low thermal conductivity of the material, part of the heat comes out in the form of infrared radiation, which is impossible when using other types of furnace. If you use heat-resistant glass, the stove can be converted into a fireplace. The disadvantage of installing such a furnace is the high cost of the material, the preparation of which will require a concrete mixer.

Stove-oven

For cooking and preparations at home and outdoors, an improved stove design with a wide cooking surface for installing several containers is installed. A vertical riser pipe with a firebox welded to it is located directly under the hob, providing high-temperature heating. Accumulating under the panel cover, the gases exit through a horizontal pipe, uniformly heating the entire area of ​​the panel, and rush to the exit through a vertical chimney channel.

How to make it yourself

Let's take a closer look at making a do-it-yourself rocket stove with a stove bench. Its design is more cumbersome and installation is more difficult than the types of stoves listed above, but thanks to step-by-step instructions and diagrams, building it yourself will not be difficult. The main thing is to follow all installation recommendations.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make a rocket stove:

• First, make a 10 cm deepening to install the fuel compartment, lining it with fireclay bricks. Then you need to install the formwork along the structure line. For a stronger foundation, you can use construction reinforcement or mesh, laying it on a brick base.
• Using a level, lay out the base for the combustion chamber.
• Then you need to fill the structure with concrete and let it dry for 24 hours. After the solution has set, you can continue building the furnace.

• Lay out the base of the stove, laying the bricks in a continuous pattern.
• Form the side walls by laying several rows of masonry.
• Arrange the lower channel of the rocket, taking into account the order.
• Then you need to lay a series of transverse bricks so that the riser pipe and combustion chamber remain open, and the combustion chamber remains hidden.

• You need to take the body of the old boiler and cut it on both sides so that you end up with a pipe that is wide in diameter.
• A flange is installed in the lower part of the housing from under fuel and lubricants, into which a horizontal heat exchanger pipe will be installed. To ensure the tightness and safety of the product, it is necessary to provide for the use of continuous welds in the work.

• After this, the outlet pipe cuts into the barrel. The barrel is cleaned from rust, covered with a primer and several layers of heat-resistant paint.
• A side branch must be welded to a chimney located horizontally to form an ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, when operating the furnace, the channel must be equipped with a sealed flange.
• Next, a fire pipe is laid out of refractory bricks, maintaining dimensions of 18x18 cm square. When laying out the internal channel, it is important to maintain strict verticality for stable operation of the furnace. To do this, you can use a body kit or a level.

• It is necessary to put a casing on the flame tube, and place perlite balls in the resulting space. The lower part of the riser must be hermetically sealed with a clay mixture to prevent spillage of the thermal insulation.
• Then the fuel cap is made using a previously cut part from the boiler. For convenience, you can weld a handle to the lid.
• Mix the clay solution with sawdust (prevent the product from cracking), up to 50% of the total volume. The result is the so-called “adobe grease”, which needs to be coated with the appearance of the resulting structure to mask unsightly parts and increase thermal insulation.

• Next, the appearance of the furnace is formed. The furnace circuit is laid out. For this you can use different materials: stone, brick, sandbags. The inner part is filled with crushed stone, and the upper part is covered with adobe mixture.
• A 200-liter barrel, which serves as the outer shell of the furnace, is installed on a previously prepared base. Be sure to install the barrel so that the lower pipe is on the side of the stove bench. Next, the lower part is covered with clay to seal it.
• Then you need to form a channel from a corrugated pipe to supply air from the street and bring it to the fuel compartment. Without installing such a channel, a DIY rocket stove will consume warm air from the room during operation.

• After the construction of the main part of the stove structure, training kindling is carried out to check the free removal of gases through the horizontal chimney.
• The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower pipe, installed on a red brick base.
• Next, you need to install the chimney pipe yourself, hermetically sealing all connections with asbestos cord or fire-resistant coating.
• At the end, the bed needs to be shaped in the same way as before - when forming the main body. If you leave the barrel open, without masking it with adobe, then the heat during combustion will immediately enter the room. If the barrel is completely covered with adobe, leaving the lid intact, then heat will accumulate in the body, which will create excellent conditions for cooking on the hob.

Instead of a barrel, you can use a gas cylinder (a rocket stove made from a gas cylinder), and instead of a boiler, pipes and tin buckets adjusted to the shape. When creating a rocket stove with your own hands, it is very important to maintain accuracy and proportionality in size using drawings. This will guarantee long and efficient operation of the long-burning stove with your own hands.

The advantages of using homemade rocket stoves in everyday life are significant. The construction of a furnace does not require large economic costs (for materials, heating) and time (it takes a maximum of 3-4 days to manufacture a furnace).

High performance and heat transfer with unpretentious fuel loading are ideal. You can decorate the stove in any way you like, thereby adding a new interior element to your home.

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can, in principle, be made even within one day, since its design is not at all complicated. If you have the skills to work with tools, read blueprints, and have the necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from a variety of materials that are at hand, but much will depend on where the stove is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on a designated area for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, it can heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually very small in size and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when going out, for example, to a picnic or to the dacha, such a stove will help you boil water and cook lunch. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small; even dry branches, splinters or tufts of grass can be used as fuel.

The principle of operation of a rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the design of the rocket stove, its design uses two operating principles, which the developers borrowed from other types of stoves operating on. So, for its effective operation, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from fuel through the created stove channels, without the forced creation of chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket stoves, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since in them it is quite difficult to create the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the designs and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest design of a direct combustion rocket stove. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively outdoors. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two sections of pipe connected by a bend at a right angle.

The firebox for this furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is placed in it. Often the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. To manufacture a stationary version of the simplest design scheme, it is often used, installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

1 – outer metal body of the furnace.

2 – pipe – combustion chamber.

3 – a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and intended for the free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 – the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The furnace is heated as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intense combustion process, hot gases are formed, rising through the vertical channel of the pipe and escaping outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely blocked, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft that supplies air to the combustion area and lifts the heated gases upward. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple design with a door installed on the loading opening. And to create draft, a special channel is provided, which is formed by the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7÷10 mm from it. Even if the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already beginning to work - without active access of oxygen to the burning, the process of pyrolysis can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more important condition is still missing - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, since the combustion process of gases requires certain temperature conditions.

1 – air channel in the combustion chamber, through which air is blown when the firebox door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 – upward flow of hot gases.

Video: a version of the simplest rocket stove from an old cylinder

Improved rocket furnace design

The design, intended for both cooking and heating the room, is equipped not only with a combustion door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the house, and the chimney pipe from it is led outside. After such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically sealing the upper part of the structure, the heated air maintains a high temperature for much longer.

• A channel for supplying secondary air was installed in the lower part of the body, successfully providing the necessary air supply, for which an open firebox was used in the simplest design.
• The flue pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket stove, but at the lower rear part of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but is able to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the housing, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the air around it.

This diagram clearly shows the entire process of operation of the stove: in the fuel bunker (item 1), preliminary combustion of fuel (item 2) occurs in the insufficient air supply mode “A” - this is regulated by a damper (item 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (item 5), where they are burned. This process takes place thanks to good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of “secondary” air “B” through a specially designed channel (item 4).

Next, hot air rushes into the internal pipe of the structure, called the riser (item 7), rises along it to the “ceiling” of the housing, which is the hob (item 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer drum housing (item 6), heating the housing for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney pipe (pos. 11).

In order to achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (item 7). To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - the shell (item 8 ), and the space between them is tightly packed with a heat-resistant mineral composition (item 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a 1:1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

The design of this version of the rocket stove consists of the following components and elements:

• A lid-closable firebox with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace goes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which the pyrolysis gas is burned.
• The hot gas flow rises through a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed “ceiling” of the housing, where it transfers part of the thermal energy to the horizontal plate - the hob. Then, under the pressure of hotter gases following, it diverges into heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and falls down.
• At the bottom of the stove there is an entrance to horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the stove bench. Moreover, in this space one, two or more turns of corrugated pipe can be laid in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the bed. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led outside through the wall of the house.

• It should be noted that if the bench is made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and bench, releasing heat into the room, will themselves serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of brick. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves according to their financial capabilities and ease of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bench looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than a clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

We foldmade of brickrocket stovewith a bed

What is needed for the job?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to build such an original rocket stove with a warm bed out of brick

It should be noted that the design is divided into three parts:

• The oven itself – its size is 505×1620×580 mm;
• Firebox – 390×250×400 mm;
• Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

To lay the stove you will need the following materials:

• Red brick – 435 pcs.;
• Blower door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• Cleaning door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• A fire door is desirable (250×120 mm - 1 piece), otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Hob 505×580 mm – 1 pc.;
• Rear metal shelf panel 370×365 mm – 1 pc.;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5÷3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and brick.
• Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90˚ outlet.
• Clay and sand for mortar or a ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this rocket stove with vertical loading is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its masonry is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

If you have no experience as a mason or stove maker, but have a strong desire to install such a heating device yourself, you should play it safe and first lay the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each row.

In addition, to ensure that the seams are the same width, it is recommended to prepare gauge wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. Once the solution has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a stove it is necessary to have a flat and solid foundation. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact and its weight is not as great as, for example, a Russian stove, a floor laid with thin boards will not be suitable for its installation. In the case where the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is necessary to lay and secure a heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Order of a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

Illustration	Brief description of the operation performed
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick must lie in exact accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give strength to the entire base. For masonry you will need 62 red bricks. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the firebox facade are cut off or rounded - this way the structure will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of the work, internal smoke exhaust channels are laid through which gases heated in the firebox will pass, giving off heat to the bricks of the stove bench. The channels connect to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the stove bench is cut diagonally - this “nook” will collect unburnt combustion products, and the cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow you to easily clean it. To lay a row you will need 44 bricks.
	On the second row, the doors of the blower and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically tidying up the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels. The doors are secured with wire, which is twisted onto the ears of the cast iron elements and then inserted into the masonry seams.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in a bandage, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels running inside the couch are blocked with a continuous layer of brick. A firebox opening is left, and a channel is formed that will heat the hob and discharge combustion products into the chimney pipe. In addition, a rotating horizontal channel is blocked from above, which removes heated air under the stove bench. To lay a row you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next stage is covering the bed with a second cross layer of brick. The smoke exhaust ducts and firebox also continue to be removed. 60 bricks are prepared for a row.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and the part of the stove on which the hob will be installed begins to rise. It still has smoke exhaust ducts. A row requires 17 bricks.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is completed, for which bricks cut diagonally are used. The second row of the base under the hob rises. Laying will require 18 bricks.
	Eighth row. The furnace structure with three channels is being laid. You will need 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, they are laid out according to the same pattern, alternately, intertwined. 14 bricks are used for each row.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney pipe. The hole supplied under the stove is equipped with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the stove bench. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. A base for the slab is formed, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through this that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into the vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. On the same row, the base for laying the hob is prepared. To do this, a heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid around the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on the asbestos pad. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they open, smoke may enter the room.
	14th row. The opening for the chimney pipe is closed and the wall is raised, separating the hob from the stove bench area. Only 5 bricks are used for a row.
	15th row. This row raising the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation of the back wall, a metal shelf is fixed next to the hob, which can be used as a cutting board. It is attached to brackets.
	15th row. The picture diagram shows well how a hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that section of the stove that will warm up first, since a hot air flow will pass under it.
	After completing all the work described in the order, a chimney pipe is built into the hole at the back of the stove, which is led out to the street.
	From the back, the design also looks quite neat, so it can be installed either near the wall or in the middle of the room. This stove is perfect for heating a country house. If the stove and chimney are decorated with finishing materials, then the structure can become an original addition, and a very functional one, for any private home. As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully examine the structure, you need to see its projection from the end side.
	And the last picture clearly shows what should happen as a result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the stove bench.

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of a rocket stove can be called one of the simplest and most accessible for self-production, compared to other heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal has been set - to acquire a stove in the house, but there is clearly not enough experience in such work, then it is best to choose this option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Not every person knows such a simple heating device as a rocket stove. Meanwhile, it has few equals in simplicity and effectiveness. It cannot be said that it has the best characteristics, but it also has few disadvantages. There are many varieties of these furnaces, differing in design and purpose. We'll look at them in more detail as part of our review.

Design and principle of operation

Rocket furnaces have virtually nothing to do with the design of rocket engines or jet turbines. On the contrary, they are extremely simple in design, in contrast to the above devices. The similarity is noticeable only in the quietly noisy flame and high combustion temperature - all this is observed after the stove reaches operating mode.

Let's consider the design of rocket furnaces - they consist of the following elements:

• Firebox – a vertical or horizontal section in which firewood is burned;
• Combustion chamber (also known as a flame tube, riser) – here the process of fuel combustion occurs, releasing a large amount of heat;
• Blower - necessary for the correct operation of the stove and the start of the combustion process of pyrolysis gases;
• Thermal insulation – envelops the vertical part, forming a drum together with the body;
• Bed – used for its intended purpose;
• Chimney - removes combustion products into the atmosphere, creating draft;
• Dish rack – ensures unhindered heat escape.

Depending on the type of rocket stove, certain elements may be missing.

Rocket stoves with vertical fireboxes (fuel bunkers) and blowers are the most efficient and convenient - large volumes of fuel are placed here, which ensures long-term combustion.

The most important part of the rocket furnace is the vertical drum. It is here that the highest temperature is observed, as flames burst out here. In order for it to start working, it must be thoroughly warmed up. Without this, the combustion process will be weak. To warm up, paper, cardboard, small wood chips or thin branches are placed in the firebox. As soon as the system warms up, the flame in the drum will begin to burn out with a humming sound, which is a sign that it has reached operating mode.

A rocket (jet) stove without a ash burns wood directly. It is simpler, but less effective. The model with a blower supplies secondary air to the base of the riser, which causes intense combustion of flammable pyrolysis gases. This increases the efficiency of the unit.

The fireboxes in rocket stoves are located horizontally or vertically (at any angle). Horizontal fireboxes are not very convenient, since the firewood in them has to be moved to the combustion zone manually, independently. Vertical combustion chambers are more convenient - we load fuel into them and go about our business. As the logs burn, they will fall down, independently moving towards the combustion zone.

Types of rocket stoves

In this section we will look at the most common types of rocket stoves used in field and stationary conditions.

Simple metal stoves

The simplest wood-burning jet stove is made from an L-shaped piece of large-diameter metal pipe. The horizontal part is short, it represents the firebox. The combustion chamber is located in the vertical part of the pipe, where wood actively burns. A small metal plate is often welded into the horizontal section, forming a blower. After warming up, the rocket furnace enters operating mode, and a flame bursts out of its vertical section (flame tube).

Such rocket stoves are used for cooking food in camping or outdoor conditions - due to their small area, they produce little heat, and the vast majority of the thermal energy is lost through the fire tube. Kettles, frying pans and pots are placed on this pipe so that the raging flame ensures their heating. To maintain traction, there are stands in the upper part of the pipe, on which the dishes are placed - combustion products can freely come out.

To make a metal rocket furnace made from an L-shaped piece of pipe more efficient, it is equipped with a metal casing made from an old barrel. A blower can be seen at the bottom of the barrel, and a fire tube peeks out from the top. If necessary, the internal volume is filled with insulation, for example, ash - it does not burn and retains heat well.

Metal rocket stoves with vertical fireboxes located at an angle to the flame tube are the most convenient. Often the combustion openings are closed with lids; in this case, air is taken through the ash pan. Sometimes the firebox is made larger in diameter than the flame tube to ensure long-lasting combustion.

Simple brick ovens

A small-sized brick rocket stove is another simplest option for building a rocket stove with your own hands. Its assembly does not require cement mortar; it is enough to stack the bricks on top of each other to get a convenient brick outdoor unit for cooking at your disposal. In the section on self-assembly of rocket stoves, we will invite you to familiarize yourself with the simplest procedure for self-assembly.

A rocket stove, made with your own hands from brick, can be used to heat households. In this case, a simple arrangement is not enough - you will have to build a stationary version using a special cement mortar. There are many procedures for this, you just have to choose the appropriate option. By the way, some versions of such furnaces include a water circuit.

Advantage of brick rocket kilns:

• Simple design;
• Long-term heat retention;
• The ability to create a comfortable warm bed.

Some models are made combined, using both steel and bricks.

Sophisticated rocket stoves

A jet stove for heating households or for a bath is characterized by increased complexity. The main link here is still the riser (fire tube), enclosed in a metal casing. Its upper part can be used for cooking, forming a kind of cooking surface. The firebox is made large to accommodate an increased amount of solid fuel. The starting materials are metal, bricks and clay.

Based on clay coating, streamlined rocket furnaces of irregular shape are made, which is well perceived by human vision.

There are projects for wood-burning rocket stoves that include additional modules. Their construction schemes include small boilers for preparing hot water, hobs, water jackets and even small ovens. Such stoves will help heat households and create comfortable living conditions for people.

A rocket boiler with a water jacket, created on the basis of a wood-burning stove, will help warm up a multi-room building. It is equipped with a water circuit for heating the coolant. Additional convenience is created by samples with beds - these beds are created on the basis of thermal channels between the flame and chimney pipes.

Types of stoves for different operating conditions

A rocket stove with a water circuit, brick or metal, can replace a boiler. The heat exchanger here is arranged in the upper part of the flame tube in the form of a surrounding water jacket. There are jumpers inside the jacket for more efficient heat transfer to the coolant. The design is extremely simple; it can heat households up to several tens of square meters.

A rocket stove for the garage can be made from an old pot-bellied gas cylinder or barrel. To do this, two holes are made in the selected container - one in the top lid and the other on the side surface. An L-shaped pipe is inserted inside. Having a little experience working with a welding machine, all work will take you a maximum of half an hour.

You can also make a rocket-type furnace described above from sections of square and metal pipe according to the drawing given.

Also suitable for heating a garage is the heating rocket stove “Ognivo – Khozyain”. This is a store-bought model made from aluminum corrugated pipe and ordinary sheet iron. It works in approximately the same way and allows you to warm a garage of up to 30 square meters. m.

There are no drawings of it in the public domain yet, so you can try to assemble the “Ognivo” stove with your own hands based on its photograph. You can also buy it on the manufacturer's website.

We have already said that to heat large households you will need a long-burning rocket stove with a water circuit. A small one-room household can be heated with a simpler stove and a stove bench - this way you will save space on furniture. It consists of the following nodes:

• Firebox with vertical loading - logs are placed in it;
• Afterburner is a horizontal section in front of the riser (flame tube), where pyrolysis combustion occurs;
• A riser with a hob is a vertical section with a metal body that transfers heat into the room;
• Horizontal channels - they heat the stove bench, after which the combustion products are sent into the chimney.

A rocket stove for heating a one-room house is coated with clay to create a flat and comfortable bed - here you can lay a mattress or a small blanket.

For camping use, the simplest rocket-type stoves made of metal pipes are used. They are compact, easy to light and extinguish, cool quickly and allow you to quickly prepare lunch in the open air. The main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of fuel loaded, so as not to burn the food with a high-temperature flame.

How to increase the efficiency of the stove

Long-burning jet stoves can be made even more efficient with a little modification. If the riser (fire pipe) is covered with a metal casing, weld vertically positioned pipes of small diameter to the outer surface - they form a convector that effectively warms the air in the rooms. This modification method is suitable for metal units used for heating technical premises (for example, garages).

Any metal rocket stove can be made more efficient by lining it with brick or natural stone. The masonry will retain heat and slowly release it into the room. At the same time, it will allow you to get rid of unbearable heat if the heating is too intense.

How to make a rocket stove with your own hands

Let's start with the simplest brick sample, intended for cooking. Such a stove can be quickly assembled in your yard without clay mortar, and disassembled after use. It is also possible to assemble a stationary version - for those who like to cook over an open fire. The picture below shows a drawing of the stove, or rather, its order. There are only five rows here.

The first row is the base, which includes six bricks. The second row forms the firebox, and the next three rows form the chimney riser. In the first and second rows, halves of bricks are used so that the stove is rectangular, without protruding elements.

Immediately after assembly, you can start kindling - cook any dishes over the fire in cast iron cauldrons and frying pans, heat kettles and pots with water.

A metal stove made of sheet metal can be either a camping or a stationary option. We have already provided its drawing in the previous sections of our review. It can be used for cooking in any conditions.

Large rocket stove with bench

The main advantage of the rocket modification over the Russian stove is its compactness. Even if equipped with a bed, it will please you with its small size. By making it out of brick, you will have at your disposal an effective source of heat with a comfortable bed - household members will fight for the right to occupy this warm place.

The presented procedure allows you to assemble a brick oven without the use of metal. Only the doors will be made of iron. Subsequently, the bricks can be coated with clay, which will make the stove more rounded.

The first row forms the base of our rocket stove. It consists of 62 bricks laid according to the pattern shown in the figure. The second row forms channels for heating the bed - they run along its entire length. Cast iron doors are also installed here, secured with metal wire - it is held between the rows. The number of bricks used is 44 pcs. The same amount will be required for the third row, which completely follows the contour of the second. The fourth row completely covers the channels that heat the bed. But here a vertical smoke channel and a firebox are already beginning to form - the row includes 59 bricks.

Another 60 is needed for the fifth row. The bench has already been formed, all that remains is to finish off the chimney channel and build the hob. The sixth row, which includes 17 bricks, is responsible for this. Another 18 are needed for the seventh row, 14 for the eighth.

The ninth and tenth row will require 14 bricks, the eleventh - 13.

Row No. 12 is our key row - the chimney pipe will begin from here. Also from here begins a hole through which the air rising to the hob will fall down to the stove bench - 11 bricks are required (this is the top of the riser). In row No. 13 this process is completed, 10 bricks are spent on it. Now we lay an asbestos pad, which is covered with a piece of thick sheet steel - this will be the hob.

Rows No. 14 and No. 15 require 5 bricks each; they cover the chimney channel and form a low wall between the hob and the stove bench.

In a similar way, you can assemble a long-burning rocket boiler by finding a suitable arrangement. Some schemes involve the use of metal components.

Video

Return