Gavrinev V.S. one

mother n.n. 1

1 Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin

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INTRODUCTION

The presence of fresh clean water is a necessary condition for the existence of all living organisms on the planet. Its role is participation in the process of metabolism of all substances that are the basis of any life form. The share of fresh water suitable for consumption accounts for only about 3% of its total amount. Despite this, a person in the process of his activity mercilessly pollutes it. Thus, a very large volume of fresh water has now become completely unusable. A sharp deterioration in the quality of fresh water occurred as a result of contamination with chemical and radioactive substances, pesticides, synthetic fertilizers and sewage. It is impossible to imagine the activity of industrial and agricultural enterprises without the use of water; it is also indispensable in human everyday life. For some, it is a habitat. The rapid development of human life, the inefficient use of resources has led to the fact that environmental problems have become too acute. Their solution is in the first place for humanity. Scientists, environmentalists around the world are finding a solution to the global environmental problem of our time.Our river Eya belongs to the steppe rivers. In recent years, it has rapidly become shallow, the speed of its flow has decreased. Therefore, it was decided to study the problems of the current state of the river. Assess its environmental status. Assess the role of water in the life of plants, animals and humans and form the concept of the need for a careful and economical attitude to water resources.

It originates at one of the spurs of the Stavropol Upland, 5 km south of the village of Novopokrovskaya. It is formed from the confluence of two small rivers: Karasuna (Turkish "karasu" - a spring, a lake; the height of the source is 100 m), flowing along the beam from the village of Ilyinskaya, and Upornaya, which gets its start from the keys wedged out along the beam. At first, the Yeya flows in a northwestern direction, but from the village of Kushchevskaya it changes to the west-north-western direction and flows into the Yeysky estuary of the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, below the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, having traveled 311 km. The river collects water from a vast catchment area of ​​8650 sq. km. From the left, the largest tributaries of the river flow into It: Kuga - Eya and Sosyka, small rivers Ternovaya, Veselaya and others. The Yei Valley is symmetrical with gently sloping shores without appreciably pronounced terraces. The Ei valley in the lower reaches is heavily swamped, and the river itself forms a number of small estuaries overgrown with reeds, reeds, sedges and other water lovers. The banks of the valley are low. The overall fall and slope of Yei is small, so the flow of the river is slow. In the lower reaches, the river Eya winds through the valley, forming stretches and oxbow lakes. The river is fed mainly by atmospheric precipitation in the form of rain and snow, and partly by groundwater. The water regime of Yei is unstable. The horizons of water and its costs fluctuate significantly with the seasons of the year. The flow in the river is observed in the spring, while there is still a supply of snow water, and sometimes in the summer after the rains. During the dry season, the river dries up in places, breaking into separate reaches. The very small slopes of the river in its mouth part contribute to the surge of brackish water from the Yeisk estuary to a distance of up to 8 km up the river. She is a little watery. In winter, usually in December, it freezes, but the duration of freeze-up varies significantly depending on the characteristics of the temperature regime in different years. Frequent ice drift is not observed, and the ice melts on the spot. At present, the river for a considerable length looks like a chain of ponds, since the Yeya and its tributaries are blocked by many dams. The resulting river ponds are used by the population for watering and fish farming. The average annual flow of water Ei in the natural regime is 2.45 m 3 / sec., The maximum flow near this river is in spring (February March) and is 130 - 140 m 3 / sec. The turbidity of the waters is high, in the low water the river is flooded, in dry years it dries up in places. It still has stable ground nutrition. Mineralization of water is 2-4‰ per liter. It receives tributaries, both on the right and on the left, while there are more right-bank tributaries. The largest right-bank tributaries are the Kugo-Eya, 108 km long, with a catchment area of ​​1,260 km2, and the Kavalerka, 78 km long, with a catchment basin of 695 km2. The Yei valley is distinguished by its symmetry and gentle, low banks without noticeably pronounced terraces; in the lower reaches it is heavily swamped. The river here forms a series of small estuaries overgrown with reeds and sedge. In its lower course, it is winding, forming stretches and oxbow lakes. The hydrological regime of Eu is unstable: water levels and discharges vary considerably with the seasons; the flow in the river is observed in the spring, after the snow melts, and in the summer after the rains; during the dry season, the river dries up in places, forming separate reaches. In the lower reaches, near the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, it dries up annually by the end of autumn and remains in this state for 2-3 months, and sometimes until the spring flood. Very small slopes of the riverbed in its mouth part contribute to the surge of water in the river. Eyu from the Yeisk Estuary at a distance of up to 8 km. This phenomenon is observed during strong western and northwestern winds, which can cause a rise in water near the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya by 70-80 cm. The average long-term liquid runoff is 80 million m3 per year, and solid - about 0.07 million tons per year . The mineralization of water in the river Eya is high and in low water ranges from 3000 to 8000 mg, l sulfate and sodium ions predominate. The high salinity of river water makes it unsuitable for irrigation. The total length of the steppe rivers in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory is 4782 kilometers. Due to insufficient funding, clearing activities in certain sections of the rivers are carried out at an extremely slow pace. The total length of the cleared sections is 16.7 kilometers, the amount of funds spent on these works amounted to 389 million rubles. The historical origin of the name of the river Eya has several versions. The first mention of the river can be found in the outstanding geographer of ancient Greece - Strabo, who lived 2 thousand years ago. He calls the Yeyu River "Big Rhombit". Translated from Greek, this means "a river rich in flounder." As a translation from the Turkic or Tatar "yayya", which means Ivan, since many Russians settled along the river. Another translation of "yaya" is overflowing, shallow. There is a legend that allegedly during the stay of Catherine II in the Kuban, a steppe river appeared on her way. Catherine could not say her name, and, kindly bowing to the queen, they answered: "Her Majesty ...". The queen was pleased with the answer, hence the name - Her. However, this is just a beautiful legend. Catherine II has never been to the Kuban. According to the stories of one resident of the Novopokrovskaya station, when drilling a well in the channel of the Dry Beam, a tributary of the Yeya River, a drill pulled out sand, shells, and pieces of wood from a depth of 8-9 meters. According to the river Eya, the city of Yeysk, the Yeysk district, the Eya farm, the Yeysk spit, the Yeysk estuary, the Yeya railway station, the Yeysk Peninsula are named. In ancient times, Yeya had a fairway depth of 18 meters. And along it went the military-trading galleys of the Turks to the fortress of Azov. According to another legend, Turkish galleys with gold are flooded somewhere in the river. And fish was found in abundance, even the Azov flounder. Steppe rivers such as: Yeya, Beisug, Kirpili, etc. were high-water and did not have man-made dams. But with the advent of man, especially in the 20th century, the plowing of land by collective farms in the water intake zone began. So, in the village of Shkurinskaya, the Kodinsky hillock was plowed up and the banks of the Yeya are still being plowed up to the water's edge. The dam and bridge near the Krasnoy farm were built long ago, even before the war of 1941-1945. Before that, a hydroelectric power station was built there, but it was demolished by the river, and before the revolution there was a water mill. But with the advent of Soviet power, they began to build bridges and dams along the riverbed and plow up the banks to the water's edge.

The course of the river slowed down, and the rains began to carry hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of black soil into the river. And now the fairway depth is 1.5 meters instead of 18 meters. But the trouble is that the authorities did not care. The river has turned into a swamp. But no one is in a hurry to clean them. There are no projects, no money, and the dams were left to hold the water that is.

Human economic activity in the basin zone of steppe rivers enhances their mineralization (Chebotareva 1988), and the regulation of water flow enhances their eutrophication (Zhuravleva 1988). Over the past 50 years, more than half (up to 60%) of all the steppe rivers of the region fell on years with low low water, 30–35% on years with medium water content, and only 8–10% on years with high water content. In recent years, the summer low water is interrupted in the region by rains in August. In the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century, small barges went along Beisug and Her; Since the second half of the last century, the steppe rivers have completely lost their transport function, and the water content of the river has greatly decreased. The water regime of the steppe rivers of the region is unstable. It is significantly affected by the regulation of river flow by numerous hydraulic structures (hereinafter referred to as HTS), which have turned rivers into a cascade of "ponds". There are more than 2,500 HTS units on the territory of the steppe zone of the region, of which more than 590 structures are located in the Eya river basin, 400 in the Beisug river basin, 330 in the Kirpili river basin, 290 structures in the Chelbas river basin. The large regulation of the flow, as well as the high degree of agricultural development of the catchment areas of the river basins, led to silting of the rivers, a sharp decrease in water content, intensive development of erosion processes, sedimentation in river channels, accumulation of pollutants in water and bottom sediments, which greatly contributed to the degradation of steppe edge rivers. Numerous dams and dams have significantly reduced the carrying capacity of the river flow as a result of a decrease in the slope of the water surface and a decrease in the flow velocity.

At present, the layer of silt deposits in riverbeds ranges from 1.5 to 7 meters. The volume of siltation in the channel of the Beisug River is 74.3 million m3, in the channel of the Eya River - 608 million m3 (5.7.8). Silt deposits reduce the useful capacity of water bodies, reduce their depth, and thereby contribute to overgrowth, swamping and deterioration of their sanitary condition. The mode of supply of the watercourse by surface and ground runoff is disturbed.

The current situation in the basins of the steppe rivers of the Krasnodar Territory does not allow for full economic activity.

Currently, mechanical clearing of riverbeds is used as measures to reduce silting. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, measures to clear the riverbeds are carried out by the Kuban Basin Water Administration and the Department for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Water Relations of the Krasnodar Territory. Financing of work on clearing the riverbeds is carried out at the expense of the federal budget, which are provided by the Federal Agency for Water Resources (hereinafter also referred to as Rosvodresursy) in accordance with the existing Regulations. The flow of the Eya River is regulated by a large number of ponds. There are 423 of them in its basin (of which 32 are dry). The river collects water from a vast drainage basin with an area of ​​8650 km2. Numerous ponds are located on Her and its tributaries. They are used for irrigation, fishing and dam construction.

The quality of water in the river Yeya (village Kushchevskaya, Staroshcherbinovskaya) does not meet today the accepted standards for water bodies for drinking, sanitary and fisheries use. Water was used for drinking only 50-60 years ago, and today it is heavily polluted.

The main water protection problems in the river basin are associated with the depletion of its water resources, their pollution with waste from livestock farms and complexes, runoff from the territory of settlements and agricultural land, as well as the deterioration of the hydrological regime due to numerous dams.

There are 36 watercourses (7.10) on the territory of the Eya river basin. The channels of watercourses in their natural state are practically not preserved, as they are filled with the waters of ponds, overgrown with reeds, and filled with silts.

Numerous channel dams, discharges of livestock effluents into the river, washout of solid substances from the surface of the catchment area, which, due to the lack of buffer zones along the banks, are washed into the river - all this today creates an environment of almost complete cessation of "live" flow in the channel during the low water period. .

At present, on the rivers of the river basin. It has 732 hydraulic structures. Pressure ponds are used for irrigation, recreation, water supply and fish farming. In the water bodies of the Yeysk spawning and growing farm with an area of ​​2.3 thousand hectares: there is an upper water body of fishery significance within the boundaries: dividing dam, Ekaterinovskaya contour dam, Staroshcherbinovskaya contour dam, Staroshcherbinovskaya village; the lower water body within the boundaries: the village of Yei-Fortification, a dividing dam, the village of Staroshcherbinovskaya, a lower dam; in front of the Yassensky arm: at a distance of less than 2 km on both sides of the arm, less than 7 km inland;

Pond dams are an earth embankment 30 m to 2.2 km long, 1.5 to 20 m wide along the ridge, which is usually overgrown with reeds and weeds. The upper slope is subject to destruction, steep. The height of the dams is from 1.0 to 15m. On the crest of the dams are mainly dirt roads.

The discharge structures of the region are mainly represented by unregulated tubular structures laid in the body of the dam. There are also spillways of the siphon type, and in fishery ponds, as a rule, mine outlets. The heads of the watersheds are made of various materials (reinforced concrete, metal, brick) and are subject to destruction. Many waste structures and dams require repair work.

The main pollutants entering the Yei river basin as wastewater: sulfates - 305.0 t (37.5%), chlorides - 454 t (55.8%), organic substances according to BOD 5 - 22.0 t (2.7%) (1.3). Suspended solids -27.1 t (3.3%). One of the major rivers of the Kuban Her is in danger of silting. Together with environmentalists, fish farmers conducted a raid and collected documentary evidence of the deplorable state of the reservoir.

“No wonder our ancestors said: the river lives while it flows. It is suffocated by hydraulic structures - there are more than 300 dams per 200 kilometers of the river. This interferes with the natural flow and disturbs the ecological balance. At the same time, no one takes care of the structures, so the river has practically silted up.

According to residents, due to old and unregulated dams, settlements on the banks of the River Yeya often flood. Fishermen say that the water level in the river has dropped and there are fewer fish. And ichthyologists say that if the situation does not change, the fish in the river will simply disappear. According to ichthyologist Alexander Sursa, the shallowing of rivers primarily threatens with the fact that downstream of the rivers in the summer, due to insufficient water inflow, fish die en masse, as a result, the spawning area decreases.

There is no owner of the dams, so the question remains, who should clear the bottom of the river and take care of the hydraulic structures. Sometimes the district authorities repair them or demolish them. In general, the once full-flowing navigable river now looks more like ponds. If the situation does not change, then Her, according to scientists, will turn into a swamp.

The largest steppe river Eya turns into a swamp. During dust storms, pure black soil fell into the river from the fields, subsequently turning into silt. That's why she silted up and got up. So soon the water after the rains will need to be drained into specially dug holes.

With a river width of more than 100 meters in narrow places, its depth is now no more than one meter. But once it reached 4-5 meters! The river was crushed, which cannot but affect its inhabitants. Previously, from the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov to Kushchevskaya, such fish as pike perch and ram went to spawn. Now only representatives of the swamp fauna live in it - frogs and various small fish.

The river urgently needs to be cleaned while there is still water in it! For the last three years Kuban has been suffering from summer droughts (3.4). At this rate, Yeya will turn into a swamp, like the rest of the already shallow rivers of the region. By cleaning the water source from Kushchevskaya to the Vostochny farm, for example, you can get tens of tons of such a valuable fertilizer as sapropel. Which is also useful on the farm and will somehow justify the high cost of cleaning water in the river.

After all, it is possible not only to improve the ecology in the region, but also, by opening springs, to receive the purest water inflow into the Sea of ​​Azov and thereby reduce its salinization. Due to the fact that the steppe rivers of the Kuban dry up, the sea becomes shallower and the number of fish in it is reduced. It is still unknown how the catastrophe in the Kerch Strait will turn out. Will fishing flourish in Azov? In order not to get worse, man must help nature to cope with the crisis. This is within our power. Under the conditions of increased anthropogenic pressure on river water bodies in the steppe zone of the region, the most important task of modern ecology is an objective assessment of the state of ecosystems and the quality of natural waters (Baturin, 1994; Bogatov, 1993). A common characteristic of phytoplankton in the steppe rivers of the region today is their eutrophication due to a sharp increase in the number (8-10 times) and biomass (5-7 times) of plant organisms compared with the 50s of the last century; a sharp increase (12-15 times) in the number of cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenob spp.), previously absent in these basins, as well as diatoms (Stephan discus spp.) and other types of plant organisms. The most important preventive measure to prevent anthropogenic swamping is the reclamation of excessively moistened lands in order to regulate their water regime. The bed of the Eya river is blocked by dams, they form ponds and reservoirs, water is used for irrigation, watering, and fish breeding; therefore, in recent years, its flow into the estuary has become less. In high-water years, temporary dams on the rivers break through and then the current, and the flow goes along the entire length. It flows from the east into the Yeisk Estuary; its flow is regulated by many temporary and permanent dams; a dam with a sluice has been built at the mouth of the river, and with its help fish are bred and reproduced. As a result of the inspection, sections of the Eya River basin were identified, on which various dams are located, which, in turn, have a negative impact on the spawning of commercial fish species, as they delay, and often completely impede, the flow of the river. Currently, the question of the legality of the construction of these structures is being considered, after which the illegally erected dams will be dismantled.

Output

In conclusion, I would like to say that the environmental problems of Russia and water pollution excite, perhaps, everyone. The thoughtless waste of water resources, the littering of rivers with various garbage has led to the fact that there are very few clean, safe corners left in nature. Ecologists have become much more vigilant, multiple measures are being taken to restore order in the environment. Water pollution has the potential to change the planet and make the quality of life completely different. That is why the issue of water conservation is constantly raised by environmental organizations and research centers. This makes it possible to draw the attention of enterprises, the public, and government agencies to existing problems and stimulate the start of active actions to prevent a catastrophe. If each of us thinks about the consequences of our barbaric, consumer attitude, the situation can be corrected. Only together will humanity be able to save water bodies, the World Ocean and, possibly, the life of future generations.

Bibliography

1. Great Soviet encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.

2. "Toponymic Dictionary of the Caucasus" / A. V. Tverdy

3. Atlas "Krasnodar, Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Adygea", Moscow, 2008

4. Latyshev I.P. - "Geography of the Krasnodar Territory". Krasnodar. year 2000.

5. Plotnikov G.K. - "Animal World of the Krasnodar Territory" Krasnodar 1989.

6. Rizel P.F. - "Krasnodar region". Krasnodar. 1999

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See what the "River Eya" is in other dictionaries:

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river- RIVER1, and, vin. river and river, many rivers, rivers, dat. rivers and rivers, tv. rivers and rivers, proposition. about rivers and in rivers, w A natural significant and continuous water flow, flowing in the channel developed by him from source to mouth, taking surface or ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

An important mythological symbol, an element of sacred topography. In a number of mythologies, primarily of the shamanic type, the so-called "core" of the universe, the world's path, penetrating the upper, middle and lower worlds, acts as a kind of "core" of the universe. space (or ... ... Encyclopedia of mythology

Rivers, wine river, pl. rivers, rivers-rivers, women. 1. A permanent reservoir, which is a natural flow of water from the source down to the mouth, significant in size. Soviet power connected two Russian rivers, Moscow and Volga, with the Moscow Canal ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Exist., f., use. very often Morphology: (no) what? rivers for what? river, (see) what? river and river than? river, about what? about the river; pl. what? rivers, (no) what? rivers, why? rivers, why? rivers, (see) what? rivers, what rivers, about what? about rivers 1. A river is called ... Dictionary of Dmitriev

Female (from soaring, flowing, a common root with speech?) water flow, water flowing through the earthen bed, of a larger volume than a river and a stream; river psk. river, river, river: river, river; speeches. | * River, river, they talk about something that looks similar to ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

River, river, river, river, (water, blue) (artery, road, highway, highway), blue nile, mouth, tributary, stream, channel Dictionary of Russian synonyms. river flow / figuratively: blue road Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical… … Synonym dictionary

And wine. river and river; pl. rivers, dates rivers and rivers, tv. rivers and rivers, proposition. about rivers and in rivers; well. 1. A natural significant and continuous water flow, fed by surface or underground runoff from the areas of its basins and flowing into ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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river- river: A watercourse of considerable size, fed by atmospheric precipitation from its catchment area and having a clearly defined channel. A source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

RIVER, a large natural channel filled with water that flows due to the difference in heights under the influence of gravity. The water in the river is replenished from tributaries, underground sources, rainwater flowing down the slopes into the valley and falling to the surface ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

The Yeya River in the Krasnodar Territory (with all branches) is in second place after the Kuban system. And on the Azov-Kuban lowland, she is in the lead at all. The reservoir is incredibly popular among lovers of "sandy" picnics, as well as among bathers, kayakers, and rafters. Of course, and fans of fishing. Visit it and you, especially since the outlines of the coast in some places are convenient for any pastime.

Where is the Yeya River on the map of the Krasnodar Territory

It windingly flows from east to west (from the village of Novopokrovsky, Tikhoretsky district to a large estuary east of the regional center Yeysk). The river cuts the northwestern part of the indicated area into northern and southern halves.

Tributaries and sources of the river Eya, course and mouth

The appearance of the "artery" is directly related to the stage of formation of the Scythian plate (local plain), which took place approximately in the middle of the Cenozoic era.

The name of the reservoir in the Adyghe language sounded like "yayya" (this is how the natives called Ivanov - fugitive people from the central provinces of the Russian Empire). Circassian legends and tales also point to the lost depth and abundance of the river. Even small ships allegedly came here. Arriving on these shores, the Cossacks changed the word into Yeya.

The source is found near the village of Novopokrovsky. Mouth - in the Yeisk estuary (lands of a rural settlement). The length is 311 km. The large extent of the current is explained by the rounding of a dozen small hills. The depth in most areas does not exceed 2 m, and the width is 15-20 m. Almost along the entire course there are swamps overgrown with various types of reeds, and farmland.

The characteristic of the hydrological regime of Eu concerns only the intensity of snowmelt, since it passes through a lowland, having a wide marshy valley.

The tributaries of the Eya River are Karasun, Kosoy, Wet, Shirokaya, Ternovka, Gorkaya, Garkushina, Vodyanaia and Ploskaya. The water system is also replenished by several small streams. Therefore, the total capacity of the described water area is 8650 sq. km. It also has a cascade of ponds, since its entire channel has already been regulated for agricultural purposes.

Rest on the river banks and waters

The river cannot be overlooked when traveling along the M-4 highway, the Starominskoye-Margaritovo highway and the road leading to the Yeysk fortification (we are talking about a military-historical monument in the bay). A visit to some of the attractions located along it is included in the program of organized tours from Krasnodar operators. This refers to bus trips to the local fortifications, resorts and in Art. Starominskaya.

Rest with a camera and a session of swimming and sunbathing is available on the beaches of the villages of Novopokrovskaya and Kushchevskaya. The girl herself is beautiful in the Yeisk estuary - in the village of Yeisk Fortification. A conversation about the former Shagin-Gireysky town, the oldest Russian settlement in the southern Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. This is the rate of Shahin Giray - the Russian pretender to the throne of the Crimean Khanate. In addition to the redoubts, there was a palace and a bazaar.

The remaining sections of the river route are heavily swamped or an agricultural plain overlooks them. The tourist base "Kazachiy Khutorok" is at the service of visiting vacationers. True, it is located in a different location - near the settlement with the name Cossack (Krylovskaya). Water extreme is recommended to be carried out in the Veselaya-Krylovskaya section, where the water depth is maximum and there are no obstacles for rafting and kayaking.

32 kilometers, consisting of many loops, will show the beauty of st. Nazmaevskaya, the village of Eya and the farm Kazachiy. On its territory of the latter lies the above-mentioned recreation center. Log cabins with a residential attic, a wood-fired sauna, a children's playground, guarded parking, as well as equipped barbecue areas with awnings (gazebos) are available for guests to stay. It is worth adding, you can rent a tent with all the utensils.

Features of fishing on the river. Her

Fishing on the river Eya deserves a separate description. In its bowels there is a diverse ichthyofauna - pike and perch, carp and crucian carp, bream and silver bream, rudd and bleak, roach, and in some places even catfish. Snail, maggot and plain bread act as nozzles. For some, the traditional bait is an earthworm. The most “cool” spots among fishermen are the stumpy backwaters near the villages of Elizavetovskaya, Shkurinskaya, Novopokrovskaya and Kushchevskaya, the picturesque surroundings of the villages of Margaritovo and Kislyakovskoye.

Hostels and guest houses in the city of Yeysk, as well as the private sector in the huge Kushchevskaya and Novopokrovskaya - zones where you can successfully live or buy food during fishing, exciting rafting, a multi-day trip with a tent.

So, it becomes clear that the Yeya River in the Krasnodar Territory will provide you with a wonderful vacation in the summer and even in the first half of autumn (there is a special bite). It only remains for the reader to visit in turn those regions of the Kuban where its channel passes.

The Eya River is one of the largest and richest in fish rivers in the Krasnodar Territory. Thanks to a system of ponds separated by numerous dams, rudd is perfectly caught here.

Among the Krasnodar fishermen, the Yeya River enjoys well-deserved popularity. It is very conveniently located, and on its gently sloping banks it is easy to find a place to park. But the most important advantage - rivers - - good - bite almost at any time of the year. Just a couple of hours is enough to catch yourself a hearty lunch. And trophy catches from cupids, carps, carps are by no means uncommon.

Ponds and oxbows

Yeya is the second largest river in the Krasnodar Territory, second only to the Kuban. The source of Yei is located on the Stavropol Upland, not far from the village of Novopokrovskaya, and - the mouth - - in the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. The river has a symmetrical valley with low, gently sloping banks, heavily swamped in the lower reaches. Here Eya forms a multitude of small estuaries. - However, various oxbow lakes and stretches are found along its entire channel.

The river valley is covered with lush water meadows. According to one version, even the very name of Yeya comes from the Turkic "yaylo" (pasture). On the banks of the river, the Nogai nomads grazed cattle in the summer. The current near the river is not fast, but after the creation of the system of dams, it slowed down even more. It becomes somewhat noticeable only in the spring, after the flood, and sometimes in the summer after heavy rains. When it is hot and dry - the weather, the river - in some places - dries up - completely, breaking into separate reaches. It freezes over, as a rule, in December. Ice break times vary greatly from year to year depending on the weather. Often it is not observed at all, and the ice simply melts on the spot.

resort mecca

Flowing into the Taganrog Bay, the Yeya forms a wide Yeysk estuary, separated from the sea by two sandy spits. This is a favorite place for beach holidays. The estuary has a shallow depth and is reliably protected from sea storms, so it is much safer here than in the open sea. Hot summer - and - picturesque sandy and pebble beaches strewn with shells - attract - here - vacationers from all over the country. The city of Yeysk, located on the left bank of the estuary, was even given the status of a resort city in 2006. There are many boarding houses, recreation centers, sanatoriums and hotels. On - the beaches and - in the parks of Yeysk, there are a variety of water and land attractions. In 2007, a dolphinarium appeared in the city.

Separate - interest - Yeysk - is for lovers of water sports. This city is one of the most promising yachting centers in Russia. Every year in May, the festival of cruising yachts "Sailing Spring in the City of Yeysk" is held here. Enjoys huge popularity - here - and - windsurfing. - The city is even called the Mecca of surfers. Competitions in this sport have been held in Yeysk since 1999, and by 2006 they attracted hundreds of participants and thousands of spectators from all over Russia.

Where does the rudd live

But back to the indigenous aquatic inhabitants. Rudd is not particularly rare: this relative of carp and roach is quite widespread in European and Asian waters. However, this fish is quite cunning and fastidious. In the reservoirs of the Central part of Russia, it is caught mainly by chance, since flocks of rudd are relatively small here. But in the south, especially in Her, this fish is quite numerous and reaches significantly larger sizes than in the north.

Like roach, rudd avoids fast currents. She prefers bays, oxbow lakes and flowing ponds, which can be found in abundance along the Yei riverbed. Search for rudd should be in remote places, overgrown with reeds, reeds and egg-pods. At the same time, small fish mainly stay near the shore, and large ones will have to go to the middle of the current. There they sit, hiding in underwater thickets of grass.

It is relatively easy to find a place for catching rudd on Her. It is most convenient to fish on the so-called chitinki - windows in dense - aquatic - vegetation. They should not be too wide, as the rudd avoids open areas. The optimal depth is 1-1.5 m, and large fish, as a rule, keep to the bottom. Only early in the morning and - late in the evening they can be found in the upper layers of the water, where they guard insects that the wind blows off the branches. According to the characteristic somersaults and splashes of rudd at this time, it is easy to find a place where you can expect a rich catch. Another - reliable - sign - - - is the characteristic smack of the rudd, which it publishes during feeding.

Characteristics of the Yei River

Location

River Eya- the longest and most abundant river of the Azov-Kuban lowland and the second longest after the Kuban River in the Krasnodar Territory. The length of the river Eya is 311 km., the catchment area is 8650 sq. km.
The beginning of the Yeya River in the village of Novopokrovskaya, Krasnodar Territory.
The Eya River is formed from the confluence of two rivers Karasun (Turkic "karasu" - spring, lake) and the Upornaya River. It feeds on springs and sediments.
The rivers merge in the village of Novopokrovskaya. Under the bridge from the north of the "hospital town" flows the Upornaya River (on the new maps of the Upornaya River it is not indicated as the source of the river Yeya) - its beginning is behind the third branch of the former PSK them. Kirov, then Kirovsky Stav, across the Solovyov Bridge along Proletarskaya. The Karasun River - flows under the bridge from the south of the "hospital town", the beginning behind the forestry, Kosaya, Pervomayka, Karasevka, Adoitsev ponds. In the village, the waters of the Dry Beam flow into Her under the Bazarny Bridge - the beginning of Ryabtsev becoming.
The Yeya River flows into the Yeysk Estuary of the Sea of ​​Azov. In the delta it spreads in wide stretches.
The origin of the historical name of the Yeya River has several versions. As a translation from the Turkic or Tatar "yayya", which means Ivan, since many Russians settled along the river. Another translation of "yaya" is overflowing, shallow.
Folklore version of the name "Eya" from the gift of A.V. Suvorov " Her Majesty" Catherine II.
According to legend, the river Yeya used to be full of water and navigable (along the depth of the beams, silt, sand, shells under it) and somewhere in the river Turkish galleys with gold were flooded. According to the stories of one resident of the Novopokrovskaya station, when drilling a well in the channel of the Dry Beam, a tributary of the Yeya River, a drill pulled out sand, shells, and pieces of wood from a depth of 8-9 meters.
The Yeya River flows through the Novopokrovsky, Krylovsky, Kushchevsky, Staroshcherbinovsky districts of the Krasnodar Territory, the Azov district of the Rostov region. According to the river Eya, the city of Yeysk, the Yeysk district, the Eya farm, the Yeysk spit, the Yeysk estuary, the Yeya railway station, the Yeysk Peninsula are named.
Thousands of birds - ducks, swans, cranes, herons, waders, coots, dives, gulls, lapwings, warblers and a number of other birds - nest and live in the reed and kug jungles of Yei. Aquatic animals - muskrats, otters, minks. The reaches of Yei serve as resting places for thousands of migratory birds on their migration route.
The pond system on the Eya River creates conditions for the creation of fishing and fish breeding areas. For the organization of industrial and amateur fishing. Silver carp, carp, carp, grass carp, a lot of pike, perch, white and red crucian carp, rudd are cultivated in the river.
Around the steppe zone. Hare, faces, raccoon dog, pheasant, pigeons.
All this creates wonderful conditions for recreation, fishing and hunting.
The waters of the Yeya River are used for agricultural purposes - irrigated agriculture.
The Yeya River needs to be saved. Thoughtless blocking of Ei by dams, especially its tributaries, without the passage of water, leads to siltation of the channel and springs. The state, with the involvement of tenants of fishing and fish-breeding areas, should develop and implement a program to save the Yeya River. A good example of this is the arrangement of a spring on Popovaya beam (the second branch in Otkormochny).

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