Do-it-yourself manual precision seed drill drawings. DIY manual seeder

15316 10/08/2019 7 min.

The arrival of the summer season in the countryside is marked start of sowing, which begin mainly in May. Previously, such work was done manually, but with the advent of partial mechanization, this process has been slightly simplified.

In particular, manual precision seeders have appeared, designed to evenly distribute seeds into the soil. With the help of this device, you can sow not only a wide variety of vegetable seeds, but also sow lawn grass on the territory.

There are many different models made in Europe and the USA on the Russian market of agricultural machinery. But, no matter what manufacturer is listed on the packaging, the main goal of these manual seeders is the same - to distribute the seed in the soil with the highest quality and uniformity.

About the device of a seeder of manual exact sowing of seeds

A manual precision seeder, as well as a garlic seeder, in terms of its design features looks rather unpretentious invention. It consists of one or more containers where the seed will be located, control handles and a frame located on wheels.

The wheels, which are located in front of the device, form holes or furrows, after which the seed from the hopper gets there, and the rear wheels fill the resulting hole with loose earth.

As we can see, the principle of operation is quite simple. In fact, you simply direct the unit across the area where you plan to grow various vegetable crops, and there will already be seed holes behind you.

At the same time, with the help of a manual seeder and a lawn seeder, you can plant not only seeds of lawn grass and vegetables, but also backfill with sand or fine gravel on icy and snowy paths in winter, so that you can safely walk along them without fear of falling.

In general, the process of working with a manual precision seed drill can be divided into three stages:

Assembly process. First you need to set the control handle from the transport position to the working position, and then put the rear wheel on the axle (if the unit used consists of two wheels). If necessary, we make adjustment of the marker.
committing regulatory actions. Depending on what kind of crop the seed will be used, the installation of a specific disc in the hopper will depend. It is difficult to confuse them, because they are all properly marked.
The share depth must also be adjusted to suit the specific seed.
Implementation of sowing. After we put the unit into action, torque is transmitted from its front wheel to the disk by means of a belt or chain drive. This disk captures the seed from the container, and the share forms the desired hole depth.
The dispenser is responsible for row of planted seeds was even, so it forms a line on the ground for the next row.

For convenience, as well as for uniform distribution of seeds in the soil, it is recommended to sow the first row along predetermined contours. You can drive two pegs along the edges, connecting them with a rope or thread. Thus, following this border parallel, you will get a very even and visually beautiful row.

Models, specifications and prices - which one is better to buy

Manual precision seed drills are designed to speed up the seeding process. Therefore, the expediency of their acquisition of few raises questions. However, in order to make the right choice, you need to pay attention to several key points:

Price unit, which can vary greatly from manufacturer to manufacturer.
The total number of containers for seed. Again, the more data bins, the higher the cost of the device.
The depth of the formed holes will depend on the crop whose seeds are planted.
The weight of the device also plays a role, especially when working over large areas.
Presence in the unit accessories, making the sowing process more convenient (marker, plow for filling seed, etc.).

There are quite a lot of different models from manufacturers on the market, which differ from each other in several design aspects.

In total, there are several companies that are most widely represented on the Russian market of agricultural machinery.

Newtechagro

The device from this company belongs to to single row types units intended for planting beets, cabbage, onions, carrots and other vegetable crops. The average cost for such a seeder is about 65 thousand rubles.

COP-1/1

COP-1/1 from Rosta also applies to single-row devices. The design may include a sleeve or brush sowing unit, with a row marker of half a meter. About two buckets of seed are placed in the seed container, which is quite enough for a small garden.

The price for such a unit is only 2-3 thousand rubles.

Model 1001-B from American company Earthway» has six interchangeable discs for a wide variety of crops. In total, with the help of this seeder, you can plant more than 28 different vegetable crops.

The design of the unit has a special adjusting screw that allows you to change the depth of planting material.

Specifications:

total weight - 4 kg;
dimensions (packed) - 350mm / 200mm / 700mm;
planted crops - beets, carrots, onions, peas, spinach, etc.

The cost of this unit is about 8 thousand rubles.

SR-1 and SR-2

Models SR-1 and SR-2 from the already mentioned company NPK "Rosta" also deserve special attention.

Structurally, they are somewhat different from typical manual precision seed drills, because they use a roller in their design, and not a rear wheel, like most models. The CP-1 has a mass of 4 kg, and the CP-2 weighs at least 18 kg.

In general, these devices are very similar, they differ only in size and cost - the first model will cost 4 thousand rubles, and the second 7 thousand.

Models of the MSK series from the same company differ in that in their design there is no control handle.

The seeder is connected to an ordinary shovel handle, after which the sowing process is carried out. At the same time, the average productivity of these units is about 0.2 hectares for eight hours of operation.

The cost of these models varies from 7 to 15 thousand rubles.

ALKO US 45

Model AL-KO US 45 of the German manufacturer can be used throughout the year.

In summer, with its help, you can plant various vegetable crops and sow lawn grass, and in winter, if there is no snow blower foreman, Patriot, Husqvarna, Champion, Huter or any other, you can spread gravel and sand on icy and snowy surfaces.

Specifications:

working width - 450 mm;
the total number of holes - 23 pieces;
bunker volume - 24 liters;
dosage - adjustable;
wheels - are present in the amount of two pieces (plastic);
housing material - plastic;
total weight - 3.5 kg.

The cost of this manual seeder is about 3 thousand rubles.

In general, there are many different modifications on the market, so the farmer has plenty to choose from. In particular, he can choose a drum or disk unit, a belt or chain drive, as well as a complete set of the device - standard or extended.

The unit pays off quite quickly - in almost one season.

This is explained by the fact that partial mechanization of the process allows sowing work to be done in an accelerated mode, which makes it possible to sow as many areas as possible.

How to make a homemade seeder with your own hands

Manual precision seed drill can be made quite simply but before starting work, you need to make sure that you have everything you need in stock. In particular, you will need a seed container, which must be made of plastic.

This is due to the fact that plastic products are transparent, which allows you to control the amount of seed. In addition, we will need the following components:

bolt that acts as an axle. A container with seeds will rotate on it during the operation of the device;
we will also need a plastic pipe, the length of which should be identical to the depth of the plastic hopper capacity. In addition to plastic, we also need a steel pipe, its length should be the same;
to fix the bunker, we need washers, as well as aluminum wire.

Let's move on to the assembly process. Let's describe it in the format of step-by-step instructions so that an approximate algorithm of sequential actions can be seen:

a plastic can, which acts as a future bunker, needs determine the center. A through hole must be drilled at the marked point. We remove the cover, after which we make another hole of the through type in the side part, but in a rectangular shape;
Through this hole, the hopper will be filled with seed.
we place a plastic pipe in the center of the plastic can, which will protect the material from spilling out of the hopper. Then you need to install a steel pipe in this pipe, and screw a bolt inside it. Then we tighten the bolt with a nut, which will allow our design to rotate in free mode;
mark on the side of the plastic container points for future holes. The distance between them should be approximately 30 mm. We heat the nail, after which we make holes in the marked places (the diameter of the nail must be chosen so that the seeds pass into the holes made by it);
then you can proceed to the manufacture of the handle. You can take an ordinary stalk from a shovel, then fix it to the seeder. It is fastened with a conventional bolt and nut, so you need to pre-drill a through hole at the end of the handle, into which the bolt is placed;
in order for the sowing process to be more automated, it is necessary to provide a device that would fill the holes with seeds. An ordinary sheet of iron will do, which need to be bent a little so that it rakes the ground better;
we attach our workpiece to the handle so that it is higher than the seed container.

In principle, our homemade device is ready, i.e. you can start full-fledged sowing work. Naturally, this scheme of the device is rather simplified, but it copes with its main duty.

The main point of all homemade products is to save money, so there is no point in complicating the design with additional devices.

By the way, before you start sowing work, you need to make a preliminary preparation of the surface where the work will be done. It consists in cleaning excess debris from the territory, as well as in loosening especially hard sections of soil.

It will not be superfluous to water the earth with a sufficient amount of water. If you have not provided a device in your homemade seeder, raking holes with seeds, then you need to prepare several buckets of earth to cover our seeds.

Conclusion

The purchase of a manual precision seeder allows you to significantly speed up the process of sowing vegetable crops. Now you do not have to walk around the garden, sticking each seed into the ground, but you can simply direct this device, which will do everything automatically.

It is precisely because of the simplification of manual labor that the purchase of this device does not raise any doubts. Moreover, the cost of some models does not exceed several thousand rubles, and this is not such a big price to pay for the convenience and quality that a manual seeder gives.

Sowing on large beds will be facilitated by a do-it-yourself seeder. Then all the seeds will be placed in the ground evenly, without bald spots and crowding. Therefore, below are attached drawings of such mechanical means, assembled by hand. Of course, you can buy the unit in the store. However, a homemade seeder is more economical, easier to use and repair.

Planter Requirements

All home-made mechanisms for sowing must meet the following requirements:

evenly distribute the seeds;
maintain the desired depth of the soil;
ensure row straightness and row spacing.

Adaptation for small seeds (mini seeder) is the dream of summer residents who grow carrots, lettuce, onion sets, i.e. crops with tiny seeds. Seeder for onion sets will save gardeners from tedious thinning. The scheme of this device (photo 1) is simple, it can be adjusted for the comfort of work and obtaining the required results. Onion sets are placed in the seeder from the tank under the seeds. It is placed on the handle. It is rational to supplement it with a metal chopper. She will sprinkle the sowing with earth.

Photo 1. Scheme of a mini-seeder.

The same device for carrots with your own hands can be made multi-row. Then several beds can be sown at the same time. Craftsmen use several tanks.

Such a multi-row seeder for carrots is assembled from:

box for seeds;
rotating shaft;
adjusting the density of sowing brushes;
wheels;
pens;
coulter.

A more affordable device is a manual single-row model. Using her example, it is easier to understand more complex devices (for example, a do-it-yourself vacuum seeder) designed for different seed calibers.

Simple seeder

The principle of the mechanical solution here is simple - this is to limit the spillage of seed to the outside. For this, an open box is used, but with a double bottom. A movable plate is inserted into this space. The seed is poured onto the bottom of the box, where there is a hole slightly larger than a grain, if it is a grain seeder. And in the lower bottom there is a larger hole, but coinciding with the upper hole. When the middle plate is retracted, these holes do not communicate, the grains do not spill out. By moving the plate, the sower will continue to work. However, it is worth filling in a little seed in order to roll them over the seeder to avoid crowding the crops.

Often this movable plate is equipped with a spring drive, which, when pressed, will return it. When using a do-it-yourself seeder for small seeds, sowing will accelerate by 10 times.

When making your own sowing device, it is better to use the following materials:

Photo 2. Drawing of a multi-row manual seeder.

a plastic tank for grains, ideally a transparent jar, to control the presence of seeds;
a bolt on which a can filled with seed rotates, moving in beds;
a piece of plastic pipe, commensurate with the depth of the can;
a piece of metal pipe, slightly narrower than plastic;
2 washers fixing the jar;
a can door to cover the filling hole;
aluminum wire;
wooden handle;
impromptu chopper.

Seeder in 10 steps

Here's how to make this device yourself.

Mark the center on the plastic jar and drill a through hole. Accuracy is important as a guarantee of device performance and stability.
Remove the lid and make a triangular hole on the side for filling with grains.
So that the seed does not spill out, an impromptu valve (lid) must be cut out of the tin can, a little more than a hole for backfilling. It should be fixed with wire. Rotating, it should be free to close and open.
In the center of the jar should be a piece of plastic pipe. It will not allow the bank to shrink from tightening the bolt.
A metal tube should be inserted into this cut to get a bearing. The can (reservoir) will begin to rotate. Then it will become clear that the homemade seeder is working properly.
Now you need to insert a bolt into this metal tube and tighten it between 2 washers with a nut so that the rotation becomes free.
On the side of the jar, 2 holes should be made with a hot nail. The diameter of the nail should be equal to the caliber of the seed of radish, garlic, onion, which is to be sown.

Of course, such a simple and lightweight garlic planter will be more convenient if made with a wooden handle. Then it will be easy to drill a bolt hole on it to screw it to a rotating tank. Then it is worth automating the backfilling of crops with earth. A metal part that looks like a chopper will do. It should be bent a little so that it rakes the ground. Then you need to attach it to the handle, but above the tank.

Now the manual single-row seeder for garlic, onion sets or carrots is ready.

The principle of using a manual seeder

A furrow is marked with an ordinary chopper. Then this homemade device is placed on it and pushed forward. The tank rotates, so the grains are sown at an equal distance. A makeshift chopper covers the sown soil. The gain is obvious even in large gardens. There is a saving of effort, time and seeds.

A transparent plastic tank allows you to fix the presence of seeds in it. The design itself is easily adapted to each culture. For example, a do-it-yourself radish planter has smaller holes than for corn. The tank is designed for a specific grain size. Captivating and the availability of manufacturing from improvised parts, ease of use.

However, in order to economically and efficiently sow various crops, 3-4 tanks with holes of different diameters are needed. A seeder for corn should be with large holes, for grain - narrower, and for carrots, even with miniature ones.

Universal Seeder Technology

In photo 2 - a complicated design, universal for all cultures.

The steps for creating such a mechanism are as follows:

The sowing shaft is made of aluminum pipe, preferably with a diameter of 28 mm. It is on it that holes are drilled in 3 rows, but already of different diameters.
In this case, one row corresponds to a specific grain caliber. For example, in 1 row there are 8 holes with a size of 4.5 mm in diameter. This is for lettuce, parsley, carrots, sorrel, radish.
In the 2nd row there are 16 holes of 5.5 mm for onions. 3 row contains 5 holes of 8.2 mm for peas, beets.
To select the desired row, the shaft is moved horizontally relative to the seed hopper.

The tank is made of 0.5 mm galvanized steel. The dimensions of this box are 80x70x40 mm. At the bottom, it passes the grains into the seeding shaft, which is facilitated by the configuration of a truncated trapezoid and a hole. The joints of the box are soldered. Then it is fixed on the frame with two M5 bolts, as well as an M6 screw - a brush mount at the bottom of the hopper, which regulates the sowing density, moving up and down from the shaft.

The transparent cover from plexiglas allows to fill up sowing material in time. Attach it in front of the bunker with a furniture loop and equip it with a latch.

The frame is made of 2.5 mm steel sheet. Strength is necessary, because some craftsmen plan to move the unit using a do-it-yourself connected walk-behind tractor. Its size is 78x85 mm. The length of the sides is 90 mm, and the back and front are 40 mm, i.e. along the length of the bunker itself.

At the bottom, holes for bearings are drilled in the side parts (diameter 28.05 mm). Insert the seeding shaft here. The bracket for the handle is welded to the front of the frame.

A 0.8 mm stainless steel opener is best attached to the frame with two M5 bolts. Its length is 90 mm, and it is bent in the center with a gutter. From this, the seeds fall strictly in their place. It is better to take ready-made nylon wheels. And their axis is still the same sowing shaft.

How the universal planter works

And without a walk-behind tractor, they make furrows under the beds with a rake with their own hands. Fix the desired row on the sowing shaft itself, move the brush. Fall asleep seeds and fix the lid with a latch. Both wheels put the mechanism on the furrows.

Then manually move it forward, and the coulter rakes the earth to the desired depth. Adjust this depth by simply tilting the seeder handle up or down. A depth of 3mm comes out if the tank lid is parallel to the ground. The advantages of this homemade device are ease of use, good performance due to several rows, seed savings.

On plots over 10 acres, a seeder for a minitractor, walk-behind tractor is needed.

Factories produce several varieties of such models:

Combined option. Such a do-it-yourself seeder for a walk-behind tractor is adapted, it also introduces fertilizers with seeds.
A special model for sowing specific seeds, a home-made seeder for a walk-behind tractor also corresponds to its scheme.
The universal unit is designed for seed of any size and culture.

Naturally, a successfully home-made seeder for a walk-behind tractor will only work with strict adherence to technology.

Summarizing

It is more rational to use a manual home-made model in small gardens. Significant crops are treated with complex universal devices. After all, they will replace a few simple home-made devices.

Innovations are now being offered that combine the advantages of existing models. For example, a combined unit that also fertilizes crops, plus a universal one (for all crops), plus a do-it-yourself vacuum seeder. Any model is a winning device that saves the gardener from hard work. Its effectiveness is undeniable.

A fully functional seeder is made from improvised materials: cans, plastic bottles, and other recyclable materials. A tool made of metal plates is intended for large farms, where the goal is the industrial scale of growing vegetables and herbs. Making a metal seeder requires professional skills, but this tool can also be made by hand, especially if they are gold.

A seeder for carrots must perform the following functions:

sowing in rows without gaps;
evenly (through a certain interval) distribute the seeds in rows;
give out a certain amount of seed per 1 linear meter (in pieces, grams);
lay seeds at a specified depth in the soil;
do not damage the seed;
fill the grooves with loose soil after laying.

How to make a manual seeder out of metal

Manual seeder made of metal - a prototype, in terms of functionality and design close to the tools made in the factory. This mechanical device is useful for large farms, greenhouses that grow carrots and other vegetables on an industrial scale. As a result, sowing time is reduced, labor costs are saved by reducing the time for thinning seedlings. Seeds are sown in a row, after a certain interval, which is adjusted manually. Seeder control principle - mechanical, manual.

The principle of operation of the manual seeder

When pushing the seeder, the wheels rotate, and with them the shaft, which, in turn, performs the function of a dispenser. On the shaft there are small recesses into which the seeds fall. Turning around the axis, the roller takes the portion from the bunker. When passing the brush, the excess seed is removed from the recesses and one seed remains in them. With further turning of the wheels and the shaft, the seeds fall out of the niche directly into the prepared furrow.

The advantage of a manual seeder is that recesses of different diameters are usually made on one shaft in a certain order. This allows you to sow the seeds of various vegetable crops, such as carrots, beets, greens, peas, beans, etc. If necessary, the cell size and their number are reduced with natural wax.
Yulia Petrichenko, expert

In the manufacture of a seeder, recesses are made taking into account the required distance between seedlings of crops. Also, the length of the shaft, and, consequently, the distance between the furrows, can be made more or less than indicated in the drawing.

It should be remembered that the maximum length, diameter of the shaft and wheels are dependent on each other. Specify the parameters by carrying out mathematical calculations.

Materials and tools

To make a seed drill you will need:

Sheet steel 1.5 mm thick.
Scissors, hacksaw for metal.
Soldering iron and hard solder.
Short bushings.
1 mm thick steel strip for slider.
Metal plate 0.1 mm thick.
Brass rod with a diameter of 15 mm or a nut with an internal thread diameter of 8 mm.
Steel solid bar with a diameter of 18 mm.
Metal bushings 1 mm thick - for wheel hubs.
Locksmith tools: pincers, pliers, lathe, ruler.
Drilling machine or hand power tool.
Wooden handle.

Since the work is supposed to be serious, a person with certain skills should be involved in the preparation, assembly, and processing of parts. It requires technical knowledge, the ability to read blueprints and work with metal and plumbing tools.

Drawing homemade manual seeder

Despite the seeming complexity of making a manual metal seeder, the whole difficulty lies in correctly cutting and processing the parts. Following the drawing, any person with golden hands will quickly assemble the necessary and necessary tool in gardening.

Calculation of planter parameters

We determine the approximate number of recesses on the shaft for seeds according to the formula:

n = (3,14.D.q.i)/(W.K),

where D - wheel diameter, m; q - the required number of seeds per 1 linear meter of furrow, pcs.; i - gear ratio from the wheels to the shaft, when installed in the same level, it is equal to the length of the shaft; B - germination of the sown material, in shares; K - coefficient taking into account the viscosity of the soil and wheel slip (taken equal to 0.96 ... 0.98).

where d - shaft diameter, m; n is the number of rows.

When choosing the parameters of the seeder, consider the following: the larger the diameter of the shaft, the better the capture of seeds and distribution in the recesses. Therefore, sowing occurs more evenly. With this in mind, choose a shaft with a diameter of at least 40 mm.

Step-by-step instructions: do-it-yourself manual seeder

The main stages of preparation:

Cut out blanks from sheet metal 1.5 mm thick according to the drawing: wheel disks, hopper walls and others. Sand the edges and holes if necessary.
Connect the body parts along the lines, solder with hard solder.
Solder the sliding supports - short bushings - into the holes of the side parts.
Between the rear wall and the shaft, make a minimum gap.
Solder a sleeve for a wooden handle on the outside of the front wall. From the inside, in the upper part, install the bracket for the adjusting nut from above, for the slider guide - from below.
Make a slider from a strip of steel 1 mm thick and bend it as shown in the drawing. Solder a brush from a thin steel strip 0.1 mm to the part.
From brass on a lathe, turn an adjusting nut with a 0.8 mm rim.
A shaft with 45 degree chamfers on both sides is machined from a steel bar with a diameter of 18 mm.
On the shaft, drill 6-8 notches with a diameter of not more than 0.4 mm (for carrots), 0.6 mm (for larger seeds). Maintain a distance between rows of at least 20 mm and make notches in a checkerboard pattern, then the seeds will be distributed evenly in the furrows. On one shaft in this design, 2 rows are provided. If more seed spacing is needed, leave one row and increase the spacing between the holes. Accordingly, the number of cells will decrease to 3-4.
Saw the wheel rims along the outer diameter with a hacksaw or scissors towards the center at the points where the center line of holes with a diameter of 10 mm passes. The number of cuts is equal to the number of holes (12). Bend each petal with pliers outward at an angle of 45 degrees.
Cut out the wheel hubs from 1 mm thick metal, bend and solder into the holes of the discs with a diameter of 20 mm.
Assemble the seeder in the following order: put the body on the shaft, then the wheels, fix the parts, put the wooden handle.

A simple seeder for carrots from improvised materials

People say: "For a good owner, everything goes into business." So a single-row seeder for small seeds can be made with your own hands from recycled materials. The author of a convenient device is Alexander Ivanovich Boldarev from Cherkasy.

Materials and tools

To make a smart planter you will need:

Shaft - metal or plastic from a thick-walled water pipe.
Wheel - from an empty tin can. Also suitable are wheels from a children's bicycle, etc.
Retaining rings for the wheel.
Bunker - from a plastic bottle, a food container, an empty shampoo bottle.
Foam rubber.
Screw M4 - 4-8 pcs.
Nut M4 - 4-8 pcs.
Transport bracket - 1 pc.
The handle is wooden.
Restrictive ring (or clamp) - 2-4 pcs.

Tools and fixtures for work:

Screwdriver.
Drill (can be manual).
Drills of different diameters.
Knife and scissors.

Scheme of a seeder from improvised materials

Instructions: how to assemble the seeder

Prepare all parts according to the drawing. Start with the shaft. In the middle of the plastic pipe, drill holes of different diameters with a drill - for large and small seeds. Attention! Do not drill through the pipe.
Make wheels out of empty cans. For better grip on the soil, rubber rings can be put on the wheels in several rows. In the middle, cut a hole along the diameter of the shaft with scissors.
Cut the hopper out of a plastic bottle: cut off the bottom, make holes for the shaft in the walls on two opposite sides. The neck of the bottle should look down.
Slide the hopper onto the shaft. Lay the foam rubber and glue it to the walls of the bottle so that excess seeds are removed from the shaft when turning. That is, after passing through the foam brush, the shaft should give out cells with 1-2 seeds in each.
Fasten the transport bracket to the shaft.
Put the wheels on the shaft, fix with screws.
Fix the hopper - attach with screws to the bracket through the metal plate. When the shaft rotates, the hopper must remain in place.
Insert a wood handle.

A simple seeder for carrots and other vegetables greatly reduces labor costs. Sowing time is reduced to a few minutes per bed. The one-time cost of making a seeder is more than offset by the quick and easy planting of the future crop. The service life of such a device is at least 5 years.

And what seeder do you use for planting carrots, herbs, vegetables? Share your secret with readers in the comments below.

Every summer resident and gardener knows how important it is to properly plant vegetables. This process is time consuming and costly both in terms of time and money. After all, it is necessary not only to evenly distribute the planting seeds in the grooves, but also to thin out the seedlings manually in the future, forming crops. A special seeder will help to significantly simplify the work, which even in manual mode will be a real help in planting. The article will consider the nuances of the operation of landing structures, the principle of manual assembly of the simplest mechanisms, the features of the work and creation of manual machines for more accurate seeding.

Tool Requirements

A fully working design is made from improvised means: various recyclable materials, tin cans, plastic bottles. More complex structures made of metal sheets should be used only for industrial-scale cultivation of vegetable crops.

A good example of the simplest design for planting is a carrot seeder.

Certain aspects apply to self-made mechanisms for planting vegetables:

The laying of seed in the soil must be in a certain amount (per 1 linear meter) and to the required depth.
Seeds should be distributed evenly, without gaps and without damage.
The mechanism ensures straightness of planting rows, row spacing.
After each bookmark, the grooves should be filled with loose soil.

Sowing small seeds is best done using mini-seeders. Such devices are suitable for growing carrots, onion sets, salad greens, that is, those crops that have rather small sizes of planting material.

Application features

The basic principle of operation of the simplest sowing mechanism is to limit the spillage of seeds to the outside. An open box with a good double bottom is used for this procedure. A movable plate is inserted into the formed space.

Grains or seeds are poured into the bottom of the box (upper) with holes slightly larger than the size of the planting material, in the lower tier of the mechanism there are more holes, they coincide with the upper one. By pushing the middle intermediate plate, the holes in the bottoms do not communicate, which means that the grains do not spill out. If the valve is moved, the sower will work again. To avoid thickening of crops, you should not pour a large number of seeds into the structure at once, rolling them over the mechanism.

Many vegetable growers equip a movable (middle) plate with a spring, which facilitates the operational process.

The landing gear is very easy to use. A furrow is planned in the garden. They put a homemade seeder on it, move the device forward. The tank begins to rotate - grain or seeds evenly spill out. Then, with the help of an improvised chopper, the landings are covered with loose soil.

Seeds are fixed in the seeder using a transparent plastic reservoir. The whole structure can be easily converted to any vegetable crop, for example, in a radish planter, the holes in the tank must be made smaller than in a corn planter. Improvised parts are very easy to make using simple materials. For economical and high-quality planting of different vegetable crops, it is necessary to make about 3-4 tanks for the seeder with holes of different sizes.

DIY manufacturing

Using the mechanism for planting small seeds, sowing can be accelerated by 10 times. As an example of the simplest manual device, consider a carrot seeder.

For its manufacture will require such materials:

Plastic or metal shaft. You can use part of a thick-walled pipe.
A wheel made from a tin can (a small bicycle wheel will do).
A hopper made from a plastic bottle, a container, a shampoo container.
Retaining rings designed for the wheel.
Foam rubber.
Transport bracket (1 pc.).
Wooden handle.
Screw "M 4" (from 4 to 8 pcs.).
Restrictive rings / clamps (from 2 to 4 pcs.).
Nut "M 4" (from 4 to 8 pcs.).

For high-quality assembly, you will need tools: a screwdriver, drills with different diameters, scissors, a drill, a knife.

The manufacturing process of a simple manual seeder takes place in several stages:

Simple design will greatly reduce labor costs. In this way, a manual seeder is made with your own hands. The main disadvantage of this mechanism is the limited sowing (only in 1 row) and the sowing of only one vegetable crop due to the different seed sizes. You can fix the problem by using several interchangeable cans, which have different holes.

Much more difficult is a self-made sowing device, with which you can work with seeds of different crops. The main working mechanism in the universal design is the sowing shaft, which is an aluminum tube with a diameter of 30 mm. Holes are drilled in three rows of different sizes. Each line is made for one culture.

Precision Seeding Mechanism

An important task of using sowing structures is to ensure uniform plantings.. To lay seeds in the ground at a strictly defined distance, manual precision seeders are used; it is easy to do these mechanisms with your own hands, as well as the simplest devices described above.

Design

The device consists of one or more containers with seeds, a frame on wheels, control handles. For self-production of such a unit, you will need a turning tool or a drill to drill metal sheets, the thickness of which is about 1 or 2 mm, and the diameter is about 5-8 mm.

When planning the connection of a seeder with a walk-behind tractor, it is better to use rigid bolts that are more resistant to vibrations instead of rivets. The front wheels are designed to form furrows in the beds where the seeds from the hopper fall. With the help of the rear wheels, the resulting holes are backfilled with loose soil.

The basis of the precision seeding design consists of a rectangular metal frame. Containers are attached along the edges, where seeds are loaded. It is recommended to buy the blocks necessary for turning the shaft separately, since it is very difficult to make them yourself without special skills and tools. For example, containers that are used in conventional manual seeders or in conjunction with walk-behind tractors are perfect.

The precision airplanter is driven by reversible wheels that also adjust the height of the head to get the seed into the ground. Each container must be secured separately. The wheels are connected on a springy and rigid base.

The sowing block is a container in which the seeds are placed. When the seeder is dragged along the ground, a mechanical wheel with blades, also placed in the tank, is activated. There is a narrow gap at the end of the container, where only one unit of planting material is placed, so the seeding is uniform and very economical. In this case, the size of the hole can be changed, adjusted for seeds of different calibers.

Operating principle

When working with a manual precision seeder, the assembly is first done, the handle is moved to the working position, and the rear wheel is put on the axle. If necessary, the marker is adjusted. Depending on the crop being sown, a disk of a certain size is installed in the hopper. The depth of the melecha is adjusted according to the caliber of the seeds.

This device forms the required depth of the wells. When the seeder is put into action, the front wheel of the structure begins to spin, with the help of a belt drive, the rotational movement is transmitted to the disk, which is captured from the seed hopper.

With the help of a marker, even landing rows are formed. It is often recommended for a more even distribution to carry out the first sowing along a certain contour.

DIY manufacturing

The container-bunker must be made of plastic. This makes it easier to visually control the amount of seeds poured. Take the following accessories:

A bolt that will be used as an axis where a container filled with seeds will rotate.
A plastic pipe equal in length to the dimensions (in depth) of the hopper. Steel pipe of the same length.
aluminum wire.
Washers for fixing the pipe.

Assembly is a step by step process. Let's describe the algorithm:

In the center of the selected plastic jar, it is necessary to drill a through hole. The cover is removed, an additional hole in the form of a rectangle (through) is made in the side wall. Through it, the hopper will be filled with seeds.
We install a plastic pipe in the center of the jar so that the seed does not spill out. A steel pipe is installed in it, a bolt with a nut is screwed in. The rotational mechanism is ready.
On the side of the hopper, markings are made for holes at a distance of 30 mm. Then they are pierced with a hot clove. The seeds must go through the holes.
Make a pen. A through hole is drilled in a wooden handle at the end. Using a bolt and nut, attach the handle to the seeder.
To automate the process, a device is made from an iron sheet for backfilling planting holes with seeds.
The workpiece is attached to the handle above the seed hopper.

The device is ready. Before starting sowing, it is recommended to prepare the site, loosen the hardened soil.

Range of modern seeders

If the independent manufacture of the landing unit causes difficulties, it is recommended to purchase ready-made structures immediately. The range on the market is quite large. The American precision seeding model "1001 - B" is equipped with 6 replaceable discs. With such a seeder, 28 types of vegetable crops can be planted. With the help of the adjusting screw, you can change the depth of landings.

Newtechagro seeders are single-row types. Designed for crops of beets, carrots, onions, cabbage. But these designs are expensive.

But there are also cheaper analogues - precision seeders "SOP - 1/1". They are also single-row, can be equipped with a bush or brush sowing unit, the row marker is 0.5 m. This is quite enough for an average vegetable garden.

The use of a manual seeder can significantly reduce labor costs, increase the speed of the planting process, simplify the technology, significantly improve the quality of crops, and hence, excellent yields in the future.

The problem of sowing vegetable crops, especially beets, affects all gardeners. Seeds planted by hand do not always grow in a row, and endless pulling in one's own plot not only harms the root system, but also increases the nervous state. The solution to the problem was an ordinary manual seeder, which will help to plant an even bed in a short time.

The manual beet seeder makes the work of the gardener much easier

Benefits of a manual seeder

If we consider in detail such a device, it will be found that a manual seeder has a number of advantages over other sowing methods, such as:

uniform distribution of seeds along the length of the beds;
beet seeds are sown in a certain amount per 1 square meter;
uniform sowing depth;
seeds are not damaged.

The manual seeder allows for uniform planting

What is a manual seeder

In terms of mechanical parameters, a manual seeder is no different from a conventional seeder. The design is a rotating sleeve with small recesses into which beet seeds are poured. Moving, the seeder throws the seeds into the furrow. The density of the sown area depends directly on how far the seeds are located from each other in the recesses.

There are many types of seeders. Their difference lies in the methods of sowing seeds. But the principle of operation is the same for everyone, based on the fact that torque is transmitted between the wheel and the shaft. On the shaft there are recesses, which are seed feed dispensers, and its top is adjacent to the container with the material that is distributed. The bushings located on the shaft have the size of the diameter of the largest seed. To create a furrow, small plows are used for each row with a step similar to the distance between the sowing bushes located on the shaft.

There are many varieties of seeders, including wooden ones.

Self-construction of a seeder

In order to make a seeder with your own hands, you will need to find the necessary material. One of the simple designs includes the following necessary components:

axle with two wheels firmly fixed;
a drum is taken for the dispenser;
storage for seeds;
pusher, in the form of a long handle, designed to make movements of the seeder.

One variation of the homemade planter uses steel wheels. Basic assembly steps:

A two-millimeter metal sheet is taken, and two even disks are cut out, each with a diameter of 26 cm.
On the wheels, 24 cuts are made on each side of the perimeter, with a recess of 1 cm, after which the petals are bent at an angle of 90 degrees.
A hole is drilled in the middle of each disc, which is intended for the axis.
Instead of a drum that plays the role of a dispenser, you can use an old pulley from any washing machine.
The recesses intended for the fallout of beet seeds are drilled in the pulley evenly along the entire length with a distance of 0.3 cm between them.
The recess is made based on the largest grain, its size is 0.2 cm.
The axle is connected to tightly fixed wheels and a pulley.
For the manufacture of the handle, a wooden rod with a diameter of 1.2 cm is suitable. A thread is made on one side of the rod and a number 17 nut is screwed onto it. Pre-prepared two rectangular plates in a ratio of 10 by 1.2 cm are welded to the nut. Each plate should have a through hole with a diameter of 1.2 cm and a shaft is threaded through them on both sides. Finally, the side of the plate that was left loose is welded to the nut on the handle.
The seed storage is easiest to solder from a thin tin sheet, to which ears are attached by soldering for a strong connection with the pusher. Screws are used as fasteners. It is also necessary to solder the triangular brackets and the handle for a strong hitch to the storage using bolts. The part located at the bottom of the vault should be narrowed, firmly adhering to the pulley. This completes the work and the simplest manual seeder is ready for use.

Seeder elements: 1) seed hopper, 2) drive wheel, 3) row marker, 4) pressure wheel, 5) chain, 6) handles, 7) coulter, 8) seeding adjustment, 9) raker

Technological assembly of a seeder for small beds

What if there is no need for a large seeder? After all, the plots of many gardeners are not large in size. For such situations, there is the following option. The design of the seeder is designed for small beds, the length of which is one meter. To make the device, you will need the following tools:

Electric drill with a set of drills.
Rubber or wooden mallet.
Pliers.
An engineering protractor, if it is not available, then you can use a regular one. Epoxy resin is used as a thickener.

To construct a seeder of this type, spare parts must be available:

Hollow metal pipe, it is desirable to use steel, as it is stronger than other metals at hand. The length of the pipe should be half the length of the beds, and be 5 cm in diameter.
A rod made of plastic or wood, the length of which exceeds the length of the pipe by more than 10 cm, but less than 15 cm. The diameter of the rod must be 1 mm less than the inner diameter of the pipe. If there was no plastic and wood at hand, then any easily processed material will serve as a rod.
Bearings in the amount of 2 pieces.
Wheels whose diameter does not exceed 25 cm. Wheels from a tricycle are a good option.
Storage in plastic material. For convenience, you can attach several pieces to the pipe.
A wooden beam, the cross section of which is 7 to 3 cm, a rail, galvanized tapes, with a width in the range of 0.8–1.5 cm.

Seeder for small beds

Assembly process:

Bearings are attached to the rod. One of them is attached in the central part, the rest on the ends of the tube into which the rod is inserted.
The assembled structure is placed on wheels. After fixing, markings are made on the upper part of the tube for through holes made with a drill. Places for drilling are selected based on the planned distance between the location of the seeds.
A 2.5 mm drill is attached to the drill, and holes are made on top of the pipe. After all the holes have been made, a bar is selected in the inside of the pipe not exceeding 2.5 mm in depth. The procedure for turning the bar is carried out by 45 degrees, after which the recess is again selected. A similar procedure is repeated seven times, given that the distribution of holes on the rod should be even. If desired, the landing step can be reduced by reducing the degree of rotation of the rod.
The rod-drum located inside the tube is taken out and a hole is drilled in its lower part using a 5 mm drill. When the hole is ready, the rod returns to its original place in the tube.
The storage for seeds, designed to move them to the dispenser, is attached to the upper area of the tube. To simplify the situation, several plastic bottles with a capacity of half a liter are taken, in the lids of which 5 mm holes are drilled with a drill. After that, we connect the bottles with the tube so that the holes match. The handle for the seeder is made of a wooden lath, which is attached in the middle of the assembled structure. The place for fastening is calculated based on the sum of the length of the bar with one and a half pipe diameters. After substitution, 0.75 of the diameter is cut off. Based on the size of the pipe diameter, semicircles are selected for it, which must be fixed on the handle on both sides with epoxy resin. The rail is galvanized and tightly crimped with pliers. With such simple actions, you can design a seeder for small beds.

Given the complexity of the process of sowing vegetable crops, a manual seeder will be an excellent assistant in this difficult task.

The simplicity of the designs and the need for a small amount of material that is under the feet of every gardener will make it possible to create such a useful device in the household, which is much more useful than sowing beets by hand. There will be no more hassle and worries about your harvest.