Russian poet Ivan Kozlov: biography, literary activity. Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov: biography and literary activity Military service of the poet

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov(April 11 (22), 1779, Moscow - January 30 (February 11), 1840, St. Petersburg) - Russian poet and translator of the Romantic era.

Biography

He came from the noble family of the Kozlovs, the grandson of the senator and general racketeer I.I. Kozlov Sr. His father Ivan Ivanovich had the rank of full state councilor. Mother Anna Appolonovna, née Khomutova, aunt of a Cossack ataman, while raising her son at home, managed to give the future poet an excellent, versatile education.

At the age of six, in October 1784, he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Izmailovsky regiment, and at the age of sixteen, on February 19, 1795, he was promoted to ensign. He served for three years in the Life Guards, and then retired and entered the civil service in 1798, renamed provincial secretaries.

On October 24, 1798, having been transferred to collegiate assessors, he was enrolled in the office of Prosecutor General Pyotr Lopukhin. Since 1799 he served in the heraldry. From 1807 he was in the office of the Moscow commander-in-chief Tutolmin, where on November 13 he received the rank of court councilor.

In 1809, I.I. Kozlov married the foreman’s daughter Sofya Andreevna Davydova, with whom he had a son, Ivan, and a daughter, Alexandra. From June 20 to August 30, 1812, he worked on the committee for the formation of the Moscow military force. Having been dismissed from service along with other officials three days before Napoleon entered Moscow, Ivan Ivanovich went with his family to Rybinsk, to the Khomutovs - his mother’s relatives.

After the French were expelled from Russia, Kozlov did not return to devastated Moscow, but moved to St. Petersburg. On July 24, 1813, Ivan Ivanovich received the position of assistant chief in the Department of State Property. On October 7, 1814, he received the rank of collegiate councilor.

Around 1818, paralysis robbed him of his legs. In 1819, Kozlov began to lose his sight, and by 1821 he was completely blind. Then he took up poetry and translations from Italian, French, German and English.

In 1821, his poem “To Svetlana” appeared in print, followed by a message to “The Poet Zhukovsky”, “Byron”, etc. The poem “Chernets”, published in 1824, placed Kozlov’s name among the most popular poets of that time.

Despite his blindness and immobility, Kozlov behaved with rare courage: sitting in a wheelchair, he was always elegantly dressed, spoke breathtakingly vividly, and recited all European poetry by heart. No one knew that he was tormented by severe pain at night.

Died January 30, 1840. He was buried at the Tikhvin Cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra not far from Karamzin’s grave.

Literary activity

Kozlov’s first poem “To Svetlana” was published in 1821. Kozlov’s passion for literature led him to a close acquaintance with A. S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky and the Turgenev brothers.

Thomas Moore's poem "Evening Bells" (1827) in his translation becomes a classic of Russian folk song; The translation of a poem by another Irishman, Charles Wolf, “For the burial of the English general Sir John Moore” (“The drum did not beat before the troubled regiment…”) also became very popular.

His romantic poem “Chernets” (1825), written in the form of a lyrical confession of a young monk, enjoyed an enthusiastic reception from readers, it was highly appreciated by A. S. Pushkin, and it influenced “Mtsyri” by M. Yu. Lermontov and “Trizna” T. G. Shevchenko.

In 1827, using the prose interlinear translation of P. A. Vyazemsky, the poet Kozlov completely translated Mitskevich’s “Crimean Sonnets”.

Essays

Complete works of I. I. Kozlov St. Petersburg. Edition by A. F. Marx 1892
Complete collection of poems, L., 1960;
Diary. Introductory note by K. Ya. Grot, “Antiquity and Novelty”, 1906, No. 11.

Poems and poems

"Prisoned Greek in Prison"
To friend V.A. Zhukovsky
Hungarian forest. Ballad
Crimean sonnets
"Young Singer"
"Byron"
"Kyiv"
"Yaroslavna's Lament"
"Princess Natalya Borisovna Dolgorukaya"
"To P. F. Balk-Polev"
"Promised Land"
"Swimmer"
"Chernets" Kiev Tale (1825)
"Secret"
"Brenda"
"The Departure of the Knight"
"Mad" Russian story
"Deceived Heart"
"Anxious Thought"
"Song".
“The Broken Ship”, Countess Sofia Ivanovna Laval (1832)

Translations of poetry

George Noel Gordon Byron ("The Bride of Abydos")
Walter Scott,
Dante,
Torquato Tasso,
Ludovico Ariosto,
Andre Chenier,
Robert Burns
Adam Mickiewicz,
Thomas Moore
Charles Wolf and others

Literature

Gogol N.V., About Kozlov’s poetry, Complete. collection soch., vol. 8, M.-L., 1952;
Belinsky V.G., Collected poems by I. Kozlov, Complete. collection soch., vol. 5, M., 1954;
Gudziy N.K., I.I. Kozlov - translator of Mitskevich, “News of the Tauride Scientific Archival Commission”, 1920, No. 57;
History of Russian literature of the 19th century. Bibliographic index, under. ed. K. D. Muratova, M.-L., 1962.
Brief literary encyclopedia in 9 volumes. State scientific publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", vol. 3, M., 1966.

Poet, b. April 11, 1779 in Moscow, d. January 30, 1840 His body was buried at the Tikhvin cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, where his friend and patron V. A. Zhukovsky was subsequently buried next to him.

His father was quite famous during the reign of Catherine II, racketeer general Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov.

The Kozlov family belonged to the highest Moscow society, and I. I. Kozlov the son began his career in a brilliant manner.

At the age of six, he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Izmailovsky regiment, and at the sixteenth (in 1795) he was promoted to ensign, but three years later he already moved “to civilian affairs,” first being renamed provincial secretaries; in the same year he was promoted to collegiate assessor, with an appointment to the office of the prosecutor general, and then to the heraldry, and finally (from 1807) to the office of the Moscow Commander-in-Chief, where he received the rank of court adviser.

In 1812, Kozlov was a member of the committee for the formation of the Moscow militia and was dismissed three days before the French entered Moscow, when he and his family moved to Rybinsk.

After the expulsion of the enemy from Russia, Kozlov entered service in the department of state property, where two years later (in 1814) he received the rank of collegiate adviser; but soon his career came to an end: in 1818, a stroke of paralysis first took away his legs and upset his nervous system, then he gradually began to lose his sight and in 1821 he became completely blind. Back in 1809, Kozlov married the daughter of the foreman S.A. Davydova, and in family life, as well as in his close friendship with Zhukovsky, with whom he became close in Moscow society, the unfortunate poet found moral support in his great grief. Thanks to his mother, born Khomutova, he received a very good education and, possessing a remarkable mind and amazing memory, in his sad situation he found consolation in continuing self-education.

Zhukovsky perfectly described the blind man Kozlov in short words. “Blind, motionless,” he writes, and constantly suffering, but deeply imbued with Christian humility, he endured his disastrous fate with amazing patience, and God’s providence, which sent him a difficult test, gave him at the same time great joy: having struck him with illness, Having separated him forever from the outside world and with all its joys, which change us so much, he opened to his darkened gaze the entire inner, varied and unchanging world of poetry, illuminated by faith, purified by suffering.” “Having an extraordinary memory (great happiness for a blind man), Kozlov preserved in the depths of his soul all his past; he lived it in the present and until the last minute preserved all the freshness and warmth of a loving heart.

Misfortune made him a poet, and the years of suffering were the most active of his mind. Having previously known completely French and Italian, already on his sick bed, deprived of sight, he learned English and German, and everything that he read in these languages remained engraved in his memory: he knew by heart all of Byron, all the poems Walter Scott, the best passages from Shakespeare, as well as above all Racine, Tassa and the principal passages from Dante. But the best and most constant consolation of his suffering life was that he could read both the entire Gospel and all our prayers with such faithfulness.

Thus, his life, physically destroyed, with an incessant, often painful, feeling of illness, was divided between religion and poetry, which, with their healing inspiration, spoke into him both spiritual sorrows and physical torment. But he was not alien to ordinary daily life: everything that happened in the world aroused his participation - and he often cared about the outside world with some kind of childish curiosity.

From the very time when paralysis deprived him of his legs and vision, physical suffering not only did not cease, but, constantly intensifying, has recently often reached an extreme degree; they, however, had almost no influence on his soul, which always defeated them, and in intervals of calm acted with youthful freshness.

Only ten days before death, the intense suffering calmed down, but at the same time, it seemed that the soul also fell asleep. Death approached him with a quiet step; he forgot himself in her arms, and his life ended unnoticed." Kozlov's first poem "To Svetlana" appeared in print in 1821 in the magazine "Son of the Fatherland" (No. 44), and from that time his short poems began to appear in magazines , but Kozlov gained his fame with the poem “Chernets”, which appeared in print as a separate edition in 1825; one chapter of it (X-i) was published in 1823 in “Literary News” under the title “Return to the Homeland”; however, even before printing, it was distributed in numerous manuscripts throughout Russia.“Chernets” made a strong impression on modern readers and was put by them along with Pushkin’s poems.

The latter also highly valued him: - having received from the author a copy of the poem with an inscription unknown to us, he wrote to his brother L.S. Pushkin from the village. Mikhailovsky: “The blind poet’s signature touched me beyond words.

His story is charming, but “I wanted to forgive, but I could not forgive” is worthy of Byron.

The vision, the end is beautiful.

The message (the message to V.A. Zhukovsky), perhaps, is better than the poem - at least the terrible place where the poet describes his eclipse will remain an eternal example of painful poetry.

I would like to answer him with poems, if I have time, I will send them with this letter." At the same time, Pushkin wrote the poem "To Kozlov - upon receiving the poem Chernets from him", which was published the following 1826 in the "Collected Poems of A. S. Pushkin" The best and completely fair assessment of Kozlov’s first poem was made by Belinsky: “Kozlov’s glory,” he says, was created by “Chernets.” For several years this poem circulated in manuscript throughout Russia before it was published; she took a rich and complete tribute of tears from her beautiful eyes, and men knew her by heart. "Chernets" aroused no less interest in the public than Pushkin's first poems, with the difference that he was completely understood; he was on a par with all natures, all feelings and concepts, he was capable of any education.

This is the second example in our literature after “Poor Liza” by Karamzin. "Chernets" was for the twenties of the present century what "Poor Liza" was for the nineties of the past and the first of this century. Each of these works added many units to the sum of the reading public and awakened more than one soul that had been slumbering in the prose of a long life. The brilliant success at their very appearance and the quick end are exactly the same, for, we repeat, both of these works are of exactly the same kind and of the same dignity.

But this similarity is purely external: “Gyaur” is not reflected in “Chernets” even like the sun in a small drop of water, although “Chernets” is a clear imitation of “Gyaur”. - The reason for this lies as much in the degree of talent of both singers as in the difference in their spiritual natures. "Chernets" is full of feeling, imbued with feeling - and this is the reason for its enormous, albeit instantaneous success.

But this feeling is only warm, not deep, not strong, not all-encompassing.

The suffering of the monk arouses in us compassion for him, and his patience attracts our affection towards him, but no more.

Submission to the will of Providence is a great phenomenon in the realm of the spirit; but there is an infinite difference between the self-denial of a dove, by nature incapable of despair, and between the self-denial of a lion, by nature capable of falling victim to its own forces: the self-denial of the first is only an inevitable consequence of misfortune, but the self-denial of the second is a great victory, a bright triumph of the spirit over passions, rationality over sensuality.

Nevertheless, the suffering of the monk, expressed in beautiful verses breathing with the warmth of feeling, captivated the audience and placed a myrtle wreath on the head of the blind poet. The author's own position further increased the price of this work.

He himself loved him before all his creatures." - It is difficult to add anything to these lines of Belinsky: - they fully characterize Kozlov’s poem and explain its meaning and the reason for its success.

Following “Chernets,” two more poems by the blind poet appeared: “Princess Natalya Dolgorukaya” (in 1828) and “Mad” (in 1830), but both of them are significantly inferior in merit to the first.

Kozlov seemed to have spoken out all in his first major work.

In particular, they contain beautiful, mostly lyrical passages; but in general, both are deprived of artistic truth, not to mention historical truth (in Natalia Dolgorukaya) and everyday truth (in Mad).

As Belinsky noted in the latter, “the heroine is a German woman in a sheepskin coat, and not a Russian village girl.” Therefore, it is completely understandable that these poems had much less success among the reading public than “Chernets”. Kozlov’s small, lyrical poems have positive poetic value.

Their main character is subjectivity.

Imbued with deep feeling, they represent the full expression of the poet’s sorrowful soul: the mystery of suffering, submission to the will of Providence, hope for a better life beyond the grave and at the same time quiet despondency and constant sadness.

It was indicated above what a strong impression the “Message to Zhukovsky” made on Pushkin, in which the poet describes his eclipse.

It is clear that Kozlov returned to this motive very often, suppressed by his inevitable grief. He could not forget it and, remembering the past, involuntarily compared it with the sad present.

He depicts the latter in the “Dedication” to “Chernets”, in the poems “To Svetlana” and to “Walter Scott”, “Countess Pototskaya”, etc. But along with this, the main motive in Kozlov’s poems are also lovely pictures of nature and images of joyful scenes life - such as “Venice Night”, “To Italy”, “To N. I. Gnedich”, “Stanzas to the Caucasus and Crimea” and many others.

What is strange for a blind poet is the fidelity of the pictures of nature he depicts, the brightness of the colors of his descriptions, but the fact is that the poet’s rich memory retained forever the impressions of his “sighted” period of life, and his strong imagination made it possible to combine, enhance and modify them; for the blind poet, old impressions are not overshadowed by new ones and, constantly renewed by memory, they appear in their full brightness and freshness.

At the same time, attention should be paid to one more characteristic circumstance, which constitutes an essential feature of his literary activity.

A significant number of small original works by Kozlov are completely alien to Russian life and Russia in general.

The poems “For the Funeral of the English General Sir John Moore”, “Venetian Night”, “To Italy”, “To the Alps”, “Captive Greek in Prison” and many others, in their content, refer to countries that the poet has never seen or came into direct contact with them; but he, even apart from his sad situation, which almost completely deprived him of the opportunity to constantly perceive new impressions of the nature and environment around him, like his contemporaries, mainly fed his mind and imagination with works of foreign literature, which, especially at that time, represented incomparably more artistic material than Russian.

Kozlov became close to the poets he studied; the world of their works was, as it were, assimilated to him, and the pictures they depicted evoked new ones in his imagination, as if complementing them and essentially homogeneous with them.

Let us also remember that a whole half of the poet’s literary activity is devoted to translations.

Byron occupies first place among the poets whom Kozlov translated.

The time of his literary activity coincides with the full development of Byronism in Russian literature.

People with such great talent were fascinated by the English poet and translated him, for example. Zhukovsky, despite the fact that Byron, by the nature of his poetry, had nothing in common with his translator; the worldview of the first was very far from the ideal of the second.

Having visited Chillon, Clarens and Vevey in 1833, Zhukovsky writes to Kozlov: “These names will remind you of Rousseau, and Julia, and Byron.

For me, only the traces of the latter are eloquent... For the great local nature, for human passions, Rousseau had nothing but brilliant declamation: he was at one time a radiant meteor, but this meteor burst and disappeared. Byron is a different matter: many of his pages are eternal. But there is also something terrifying about it. He does not belong to the poets who console life. What is true poetry? Divine revelation came from God to man and ennobled the local light, adding eternity to it.

The revelation of poetry occurs in man himself and ennobles life here within its local boundaries.

Byron's poetry does not stand up to this scrutiny." Just like Zhukovsky, the worldview of the British poet was completely alien to Kozlov, but he chose for translation only what was more consistent with his character, so that in the translations not only of Byron, but of foreign poets in general, he remained like his friend and teacher Zhukovsky, completely subjective.

In addition to Byron’s poems and the poet’s very personality, his fate greatly occupied Kozlov, as we see from his short poem “Byron,” dedicated to Pushkin.

This work, as Belinsky notes, “is the apotheosis of Byron’s entire life; in general it is not consistent, but is distinguished by poetic particulars.” To this it should be added that in it Byron is depicted in an extremely one-sided way: in Kozlov, the sadness and melancholy of the English poet are brought to the fore and his sharp protest, his proud contempt for the culprits, often imagined, of his misfortunes are completely hidden.

There are eighteen of all the plays translated by Kozlov from Byron, including one large poem, “The Bride of Abydos,” but the translation is only a pale copy of the original; its main drawback is prolixity: one verse of Byron is translated into two, and sometimes even three verses; the remaining plays represent excerpts from large poems: "Harold's Child", "Don Juan", "The Giaura", "The Corsair", or small lyrical poems.

One of the latter is especially successful and can still serve as an example of the artistic deceptions of foreign poets; This is the poem "Forgive" (Fare thee well, and if for ever...), written by Byron to his wife, following his separation from her. In addition to Byron, Kozlov also translated other English poets: he has several translations from Thomas Moore, two from Wordsworth, one from Walter Scott.

From French he translated several poems by Andrei Chénier, Lamartine and Beranger, but much more from Italian - three sonnets and a poem by Petrarch, several excerpts from Tassov's "Jerusalem Liberated", and one each from "Furious Orlande" and Dante's "Divine Comedy", except In addition, several poems by little-known Italian poets contemporary to Kozlov.

Kozlov translated very little from German: only one poem each by Schiller and Goethe, and the translation of the poem “Joy” is more an imitation than a translation.

For his time, Kozlov rendered a great service to Russian literature with the first translation of Mitskevich's "Crimean Sonnets".

However, as a translator, Kozlov, despite his relative merit in particulars, does not at all satisfy the requirements of any strict criticism: he generally freely deviates from the original; in places where the original text painted a poetic image in the translator’s imagination - he realized it in a compressed picture form and the impression of the translation was not inferior to the impression of the original, for the most part the conciseness of the expressions of the original completely disappeared in the translation; Wanting to fully convey the content of the original, the translator became verbose and drawn out.

This is most noticeable in the translations of Mickiewicz’s sonnets: by conveying one verse of the Polish poet with two or even three of his own verses, Kozlov in some of his translations completely destroyed the form of the sonnet, although in some places he perfectly conveyed wonderful images of Crimean nature.

Kozlov's poems in a fairly complete collection were published in two volumes, shortly after the author's death, by Zhukovsky - "Collected Poems of Kozlov", third edition, St. Petersburg, 1840. During the author's lifetime there were two editions in one volume in 1828 and in two volumes by 1832-1833. The last best edition in the supplement to the Niva magazine for July 1892: “The Complete Works of I. I. Kozlov.

Edition revised and significantly expanded by Ars. I. Vvedensky.

With a biographical sketch and a portrait engraved on steel by F. Brockhaus in Leipzig.

St. Petersburg 1892." V. Yakovlev. (Polovtsov) Kozlov, Ivan Ivanovich - a talented poet of the Pushkin era. Born in Moscow on April 11, 1779; by origin he belonged to the highest Moscow society: his father was the secretary of state of Catherine II, his mother from the old Khomutov family. At the age of 5, the boy was enrolled in military service - as a sergeant in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment and already in 1795 he was promoted to ensign.

In 1798, K. transferred to the civil service and was listed first in the office of the prosecutor general, then in the heraldry and, finally, in the office of the Moscow commander-in-chief Tutolmin.

In 1809, K. married the daughter of the foreman S.A. Davydova.

Not long before this, he became friends with Zhukovsky, and this acquaintance soon turned into a warm and lasting friendship.

In 1812, K. worked on the committee for the formation of the Moscow militia.

After the expulsion of the French from Russia, K. went to St. Petersburg, where he joined the service in the department of state property.

In 1818, a misfortune happened to K., which turned his whole life upside down and contributed to his becoming a poet; paralysis deprived him of his legs, and then his vision began to deteriorate, and in 1821 he became completely blind. But K. did not fall into hopeless despair; he found the strength to come to terms with misfortune.

K., according to Zhukovsky, “endured his disastrous fate with amazing patience - and God’s Providence, which sent him a difficult test, gave him at the same time great joy: striking him with a disease that separated him forever from the outside world and all its joys, so betraying us, he opened to his darkened gaze the entire inner, varied and unchanging world of poetry, illuminated by faith, purified by suffering.” Knowing French and Italian from childhood, K., already blind, studied English, German and Polish. Moreover, he had a phenomenal memory, which developed even more strongly during his illness: “he knew,” says Zhukovsky, “by heart all of Byron, all the poems of Walter Scott, the best passages from Shakespeare, just as before - first of all Racine, Tassa and the main passages from Dante.” ; finally, he knew the entire Gospel by heart.

Thus, his life was divided “between religion and poetry.” “But he was not alien to ordinary daily life: everything that happened in the world aroused his participation - and he often cared about the outside world with some kind of childish curiosity.” K.’s consolation was the compassionate attention with which, in addition to Zhukovsky, all the other luminaries of poetry of that time, starting with Pushkin, treated him.

He himself appeared in print in 1821, precisely when he lost his sight, with the poem “To Svetlana.” This was followed by a whole series of large and small works, which the blind poet usually dictated to his daughter.

In 1824 his “Chernets” appeared, in 1826 - “The Bride of Abydos” by Byron, in 1828 - “Princess Natalia Borisovna Dolgorukaya” and a book of “Poems”, in 1829 - “Crimean Sonnets” by Mickiewicz and imitation Burns: "A Country Saturday Evening in Scotland", in 1830 - "Mad". Deprived of vision, paralyzed and amidst constant physical suffering, K. lived for almost 20 years: he died on January 30, 1840. His grave is located in the Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, next to the grave of Zhukovsky, who, along with friendship, conveyed K.’s mood of his poetry.

K. is not as close to anyone in literature as to Zhukovsky.

But K. was not a slavish imitator of Zhukovsky: what for the latter is the basis of poetry, for K. is only its tone. There is some difference in the sympathies of both poets: Zhukovsky is mainly devoted to Schiller and Goethe, K.’s soul lies in English poetry; but both of them translate a lot, and as translators they deserve almost more gratitude than as original poets.

In K., many critics see the first manifestation of Russian Byronism.

But it is unlikely that his “Chernets,” over the pages of which his contemporaries and especially his contemporaries shed tears, to which even Pushkin listened “in tears of delight,” can be called a reflection of Byron’s poetry.

There is no gloomy and formidable titanism of Byron's heroes here: the hero K. kept "crying and praying" - for his lawful wife, and his crime, which he atones for sincere repentance, could not cause punishment in a humane court. There is nothing to say about the rest of K.’s poems.

They are rather a reflection of recent sentimentalism, which society has not yet overcome, which is why “Chernets” met with such success, ensured, moreover, by the very fate of the poet. True, K. translated a lot from Byron; but the very nature of the translated passages testifies that the basis of Byron’s poetry was far from K., and, moreover, these translations are so far from the original that without a proper mark it would be impossible to recognize Byron’s poems in them.

K.'s heart lay towards English idylls, like Wordsworth, Burns, melancholic elegics, like Moore, Millvois.

In this spirit, he chose poems by other poets: Lamartine, Chateaubriand, Chenier, Grossi, Manzoni, Petrarch, etc. And among these translations there are several exemplary ones, which are known to everyone from the anthologies: “Evening Bells” by Moore, “We Are Seven” by Wordsworth, "Young Prisoner" by Chenier, "Yaroslavna's Lament" from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", etc. The extent to which K. was able to imbue himself with foreign poetry is evidenced by his poem “For the Burial of the English General Sir John Moore.” Despite his blindness, K. had a keen sense of nature, and especially those moments when her life is devoid of tension, when a sensitive heart is needed to hear the pulse of this life. This mood is conveyed by K.’s best poem, “Venice Night.” That he generally understood the beauty of nature is evident from the excellent translation of Mickiewicz’s Crimean sonnets.

About K. see: works of Zhukovsky, Belinsky.

His works were published in 1833, 1840, 1855; the most complete collection of K.'s works was published under the editorship of Ars. I. Vvedensky, in 1892 by A.F. Marx.

M. Mazaev. (Brockhaus) Kozlov, Ivan Ivanovich - poet. He came from the ranks of a noble but bankrupt nobility (the son of a state secretary).

He served in the military, then in the civil service.

At the age of about forty, he was overcome by paralysis, which deprived him of his legs, and three years later he became completely blind. The year of loss of vision was the year of the beginning of K.’s literary activity: in 1821 his first poem “To Svetlana” appeared in print. After some time, the romantic poem “Chernets”, which was distributed in lists, became widely known, the publication of which in 1824 evoked a welcoming poem from Pushkin and was accompanied by resounding success.

In addition to two more poems and a large number of lyric poems, K. has written numerous translations from English, French, Italian and Polish, some of which have become classics ("Evening Bells", "The Drum Did Not Beat", etc.). In the socio-economic life of Kazakhstan, new bourgeois-capitalist influences (professional pursuit of literature) are combined with the old class-noble system (pensions, “patronage” of the court and nobility). This determines the duality of his ideology, in which sympathy for the defeated, “half-dead” Decembrists coexists with harsh political conservatism, and the special character of his stylistic manner.

In K.'s poetry, new “romantic” trends coming from the young Pushkin are combined not only with the influence of the “peaceful” muse of Zhukovsky, a poet especially close to him, but also with the “sentimental” traditions of Karamzin.

K.'s favorite genres are ballads and romantic poems. K. is one of the first energetic agents of the influence of Byron's work on Russian literature (translations from Byron, "Byronic" poems). However, borrowing from Byron the lush and mournful pathos of “suffering” and “passions,” K. reads meek words of hope and reconciliation in his work.

Together with the generation of Decembrists, he sings in his poems “freedom”, “wonderful freedom” (“Captive Greek in Prison”, etc.), but in the context of his work, these concepts are devoid of any political emphasis.

He dedicates his translation of Byron's "Bride of Abydos" - the heroic apotheosis of the uprising against the legitimate authorities of the "robber" Selim - to the wife of Nicholas I, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, in a dedicatory preface welcoming the tsar's defeat of the Decembrists as "the salvation of the altars, Russia and the state." Personal tragic fate determined the monotonous theme of K.'s poetry, with the prevailing motifs of the collapse of an unfulfilled love idyll, persistently repeated images of brides going crazy, grooms dying on their wedding day, etc. However, even here K. finds reconciliation in the spirit of Karamzin and Zhukovsky. K.'s "Byronic" poems had a significant influence on the young Lermontov.

Bibliography: I. Complete. collection works, ed. corrected and significantly expanded by Ars. Iv. Vvedensky, St. Petersburg, 1892 (the most complete edition); other ed.: Collection. works, 2 parts, St. Petersburg, 1833; edited by V. A. Zhukovsky, 2 parts, St. Petersburg, 1840 (based on the 1892 edition); ed. Smirdina, 2 parts, St. Petersburg, 1855; 4 parts, St. Petersburg, 1890-1891; Grot K. Ya., Diary of I. I. Kozlov, collection. "Antiquity and Novelty", St. Petersburg, 1906, XI. II. Belinsky V., Collection. Kozlov's poems (see Collected works); Trush K., Essay on Kozlov’s literary activity, M., 1899; Selivanov I., My acquaintance with Kozlov, "Russian Archive", 1903, XII; Grot K. Ya., On the biography, works and correspondence of I. I. Kozlov, "Izvestia of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences", vol. IX, St. Petersburg, 1904, II, and vol. XI, St. Petersburg. , 1906, I; Aikhenvald Yu., I. I. Kozlov, in ed. "History of Russian literature of the 19th century," ed. t-va "Mir", vol. I, book. 1; Rozanov I. II., Russian Lyrics, M., 1914 (reprinted in his book “Poets of the twenties of the 19th century.”, M., 1925); Neiman B.V., Reflection of Kozlov’s poetry in the works of Lermontov, “Izvestia of the Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences,” vol. XIX, St. Petersburg, 1914, I; Danilov N.M., I.I. Kozlov, ibid., vol. XIX, St. Petersburg, 1914, II. His, Materials for the complete collection. composition I. I. Kozlova, in the same place, vol. XX, St. Petersburg, 1915, II, and vol. XXII, St. Petersburg, 1917, II; Spiridonov V., I.I. Kozlov, I. Kozlov and criticism of the 50s, 1922 (with the appendix of the first published article by A. Grigoriev about Kozlov regarding the publication of the latter’s poems in the 1855 edition); Sat. "Sertum bibliologicum", II., P., 1922. III. Mezier A.V., Russian literature from the 11th to the 19th centuries. inclusive, part II, St. Petersburg, 1902; Vladislavlev I.V., Russian writers, ed. 4th, Guise, L., 1924. D. Blagoy. (Lit. enc.)

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov is a Russian poet and translator. His works are not known to all readers, although the plots of the poems are interesting and mysterious, as is his biography.

Origin of the poet

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was born on April eleventh, 1779 in Moscow. His family was not only noble, but also ancient. Ivan Ivanovich on his father's side was the grandson of a senator. By the way, the poet’s father, Ivan Ivanovich, served as a state councilor at court. Mother, Anna Apollonovna, as a girl bore the surname Khomutova and was the aunt of the famous Cossack chieftain.

Despite the fact that Ivan Kozlov was raised by his mother, and he received his science education at home, the poet was a versatile personality, and all his contemporaries noted his excellent education.

Military service

The future poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, barely five years old, was enlisted in military service. In October 1784, he had the rank of sergeant of the famous Izmailovsky regiment, where only wealthy nobles were enrolled. And already in February 1795, when the young poet was sixteen years old, he was transferred to a new rank - ensign.

Then there was service in the Life Guards, which lasted three years. After this, the poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov deservedly retired.

Civil service

In 1798, the poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov entered the post of provincial secretary. But after a few months, having proven himself worthily, he was transferred to collegiate assessors and even for special successes was enrolled in the office of Pyotr Lopukhin. A year later, service in the heraldry followed.

Eight years later, a new appointment came: Ivan Kozlov was transferred to the office of Commander-in-Chief Tutolmin, which was located in the capital. And soon in a new place, showing diligence and unusual education, the poet was able to receive the rank of court councilor.

The War of 1812 brought many changes to the life of Ivan Ivanovich. So, for several months he has been working on a committee whose goal is to assemble and create a powerful Moscow military force, as well as prepare it for hostilities with Napoleon.

But three days before Napoleon was supposed to enter the capital, Ivan Kozlov and his other fellow officials were fired. Realizing that he needs to save his family, he leaves Moscow and goes to his mother’s relatives in Rybinsk. But even after the end of the war with the French, he did not return to Moscow.

Now he chooses St. Petersburg as his place of residence for himself and his family. Soon Ivan Ivanovich receives an appointment to the service. At the end of July 1813, the talented poet Ivan Kozlov began serving in the state Department of Property, where he was appointed to the position of assistant mayor. And already in October 1814 he received a new rank - collegiate official. But an unexpected illness deprived him of the opportunity to further build his public career.

Literary activity

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, whose poems are expressive and beautiful, unexpectedly fell ill in 1818. Paralysis deprives him of the ability to move, and the poet ceases public service. But he does not want to give up and decides to devote himself to literary work. But by the end of 1819 he gradually began to go blind and completely lost his sight in 1821.

Ivan Ivanovich begins to work diligently on translations. He knew many languages, including French, German, Italian, English and others. He translates the best literary works into these languages. He starts with works and the first work that appeared in print was Zhukovsky’s poem “Svetlana”. And soon his own poems appeared: “To Svetlana”, “Chernets”, “To the Poet Zhukovsky”.

The poet was personally acquainted with Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Ivan Turgenev and other outstanding educated people of that time.

Ivan Kozlov's poems are popular, and fame finally comes to the ill poet. Contemporaries recalled that Ivan Ivanovich, despite the fact that he was in a wheelchair, always behaved courageously and openly. Everyone around him noted: the poet dressed, despite the fact that he was blind and practically motionless, always elegantly and fashionably.

But contemporaries especially noted conversations with him, since he always spoke in such a way that one wanted to listen to him without interrupting, holding his breath and admiring every word. In addition, he beautifully and expressively read poems by European poets. And no one could guess, looking at this man inspired by poetry, that at night he was tormented by severe and constant pain.

Personal life

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov, whose biography is interesting and eventful, got married in 1809. His wife was Sofya Andreevna Davydova, who was the daughter of a foreman. In this marriage, the talented poet has two children: a son and a daughter. Nothing is known about the fate of Ivan and Alexandra.

The famous nineteenth-century poet Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov died on January thirtieth, 1840.

Plan:

1 Biography
2 Literary activity
- 2.1 Writings
  - 2.1.1 Poems and poems
  - 2.1.2 Translations of poetry
3 Addresses in St. Petersburg

Introduction

Russian poet I. I. Kozlov (1779-1840)

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (11 (22) April 1779( 17790422 ) , Moscow - January 30 (February 11) 1840, St. Petersburg) - Russian poet, translator.

1. Biography

He came from a noble noble family of the Kozlovs. Received home education.

At the age of six, he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Izmailovsky regiment, and at the sixteenth (in 1795) he was promoted to ensign. He served for three years in the Izmailovsky Life Guards Regiment, and then retired and entered the civil service in 1798.

In 1819, Kozlov began to lose his sight, and by 1821 he was completely blind. Then he took up poetry and translations from Italian, French, German and English.

Died January 30, 1840. He was buried at the Tikhvin Cemetery in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, where his friend and patron V. A. Zhukovsky was subsequently buried next to him.

2. Literary activity

Kozlov’s first poem “To Svetlana” was published in 1821. His passion for literature led Kozlov to a close acquaintance with A. S. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky and the Decembrist brothers Turgenev. Thomas Moore's poem "Evening Bells" (1827) in his translation becomes a classic of Russian folk song; The translation of a poem by another Irishman, Charles Wolf, “For the burial of the English general Sir John Moore” (“The drum did not beat before the troubled regiment…”) also became very popular. His romantic poem “Chernets” (1825), written in the form of a lyrical confession of a young monk, enjoys an enthusiastic reception from readers, it is highly appreciated by A. S. Pushkin, and it influenced “Mtsyri” by M. Yu. Lermontov and “Trizna” T. G. Shevchenko. In 1827, using the prose interlinear translation of P. A. Vyazemsky, he completely translated Mitskevich’s “Crimean Sonnets”.

2.1. Essays

Complete collection of poems, L., 1960;
Diary. Introductory note by K. Ya. Grot, “Antiquity and Novelty”, 1906, No. 11.

2.1.1. Poems and poems

"Prisoned Greek in Prison"
"Young Singer"
"Byron"
"Kyiv"
"Yaroslavna's Lament"
"Princess Natalya Borisovna Dolgorukaya"
"To P. F. Balk-Polev"
"Promised Land"
"Swimmer"
"Chernets" 1825
"Secret"
"Brenda"
"The Departure of the Knight"
"Mad"
"Deceived Heart"
"Anxious Thought"
"Song".
“The Broken Ship”, Countess Sofia Ivanovna Laval, 1832

2.1.2. Translations of poetry

George Noel Gordon Byron, ("The Bride of Abydos")
Walter Scott,
Dante,
Torquato Tasso,
Ludovico Ariosto,
Andre Chenier,
Robert Burns
Adam Mickiewicz,
Thomas Moore and others

3. Addresses in St. Petersburg

End of 1810-1825 - apartment building of K. L. Miller - St. Isaac's Square, 3;
1828 - Armyaninov's house - New Lane, 4.

Literature

Gogol N.V., About Kozlov’s poetry, Complete. collection soch., vol. 8, M.-L., 1952;
Belinsky V.G., Collected poems by I. Kozlov, Complete. collection soch., vol. 5, M., 1954;
Gudziy N.K., I.I. Kozlov - translator of Mitskevich, “News of the Tauride Scientific Archival Commission”, 1920, No. 57;
History of Russian literature of the 19th century. Bibliographic index, under. ed. K. D. Muratova, M.-L., 1962.
Brief literary encyclopedia in 9 volumes. State scientific publishing house "Soviet Encyclopedia", vol. 3, M., 1966.

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This abstract is based on an article from Russian Wikipedia. Synchronization completed 07/10/11 19:34:37
Similar abstracts: Kozlov Ivan Ivanovich (senator), Ivan Kozlov, Kozlov Ivan Andreevich, Kozlov Ivan Fedorovich, Kozlov Alexander Ivanovich, Kozlov Vasily Ivanovich, Kozlov Nikolay Ivanovich, Kozlov Alexey Ivanovich, Kozlov Alexander Ivanovich (chess player).

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov (September 1, 1936, Irkutsk, RSFSR, USSR) - historian, poet, prose writer.

Encyclopedic reference

He graduated from art school, then from the history department by correspondence. Author of numerous works on the history and artistic culture of the region.

Curriculum Vitae

Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov was born on September 1, 1936 in Irkutsk. He is a well-known person in cultural circles. The author of a dozen books about the history of Siberia and Irkutsk, he devoted many articles, studies and research works to this topic. Member of the Russian Writers' Union, poet, inventor, encyclopedically educated, versatile, thorough person, incredibly interesting conversationalist. A third-generation Irkutsk resident, he has been living and working in recent years. He is a frequent guest at various historical, local history and literary events of the Shelekhov Central Library, a regular author and interlocutor on the pages of the Shelekhovsky Vestnik newspaper. While working in the archives to study the history of his family, I found out many interesting facts: he is a Siberian in the ninth generation on his mother’s side. And his genealogy comes from a person famous in the times of the Mongols in Transbaikalia - Vasily Fedorovich Plyaskin. The founder was a very capricious, indomitable, eccentric person. The Mongols suffered constant troubles from him and therefore were forced to steal him. Fortunately, says Ivan Ivanovich, he did not come out with the character of his ancestor. Ivan Ivanovich, a man who came to the realization very early that human life is a short moment on the scale of the Universe. For many years he searched for an answer to the question of the meaning of human existence on Earth. I studied Chinese philosophy, ancient Greek, and read countless amounts of fiction. All this cognitive diversity has served as a basis for diversified activities in the present, including in literary creativity. He has been writing poetry since his youth. Published in "Soviet Youth", where the famous Irkutsk poet Elena Zhilkina was a literary consultant. Participated in the creation of 16 museums in the Irkutsk region, including the museum of Irkutsk. For the last twenty years he has been directing the private scientific research center “Ecosphere Baikal”. The Center earns funds for its research itself. The main secret of successful creative activity, as this multifaceted person puts it: “If I start to be interested in a topic, I study it thoroughly.” Soon, Ivan Ivanovich will introduce his readers to a new book: “My Museums,” which will not leave anyone indifferent to the problem of creating museums and much more.

Material provided by RMKUK “Shelekhov Intersettlement Central Library”

Essays

The bells don't stop ringing. - Irkutsk, 1979.
Guide to Irkutsk. - Irkutsk, 1982.
The longest winter. - Irkutsk, 1985.