In 1918, Lenin's plan for monumental propaganda began. In accordance with this plan, monuments were removed that, in the opinion of the new government, did not represent historical or artistic value, for example, monuments to Alexander III in St. Petersburg and General Skobelev in Moscow. At the same time, monuments began to be created (busts, figures, steles, memorial plaques) to the heroes of the revolution, public figures, writers, artists. The new monuments were supposed to make the ideas of socialism visually clear. Both famous masters (S.T. Konenkov, N.A. Andreev) and young sculptors were involved in the work different schools and directions right up to art school students. In total, 25 monuments were erected in Moscow over the years, and 15 in Petrograd. Many monuments did not survive, mainly because they were made of temporary materials (plaster, concrete, wood). Sculpture
The pavilions, decorated with statues that symbolized abundance and tranquility, captured the imagination of the ordinary Soviet citizen. A huge monument to Stalin was erected on Mechanization Square. And around it, as if it were around the center of the universe, there were ten pavilions in which the nine planets of the solar system were easily predicted. Everything is the same as Oltarzhevsky. Go to annual exhibition production achievements was the dream of every Soviet worker.
During the Second World War, the exhibition was closed, and it is curious that not a single bomb fell on the 30 hectares. And the model of the rocket in which she flew took the center solar system instead of an agent. The rocket, in the same center as indicated by Oltarzewski's astrological chart, now makes sense.
In Petrograd, over the years, a monument to the “Fighters of the Revolution” was created - the Field of Mars. Project by architect L.V. Rudneva.
Obelisk in honor of the first Soviet Constitution in Moscow. Concrete Not preserved. Architect D. N. Osipov.
Today, this City of Dreams remains a special place in Moscow, which still hides many secrets. Users must behave in accordance with applicable national and international rules, respecting other panelists, readers and people mentioned in their post.
Today, this City of Dreams remains a special place in Moscow, which still hides many secrets. Users must behave in accordance with applicable national and international rules, respecting other panelists, readers and people mentioned in their post.
Sculpture group"Worker and Collective Farm Woman". They hold in their outstretched hands the hammer and sickle that make up the coat of arms Soviet Union. The author of this work is V.I. Mukhina, the largest sculptor of this era, one of the most famous women in the country.
Architecture The leading direction in architecture in the 1920s was constructivism, which sought to use new technology to create simple, logical, functionally justified forms and expedient structures. Techniques characteristic of constructivism are the combination of solid planes with large glazed surfaces, the combination of volumes of different compositions. Soviet constructivism is represented in the works of V.E. Tatlin. He tried to use a wide variety of materials to build his technical designs, including wire, glass and metal sheets. The scope of club construction can be judged by the fact that 480 clubs were built in the country in just one year, including 66 in Moscow. A number of architecturally original clubs were built during this period according to the designs of the architect K.S. Melnikov in Moscow and the Moscow region.
Club named after Rusakov in Sokolniki (years)
A real park has opened in Khabarovsk Soviet period. Girls with an oar, pioneers with bugles, statues of leaders - dozens of monuments of the communist era have found a new life through the efforts of the staff of the Local History Museum.
A restorer removes layer by layer of paint from a sculpture of glider boys. In the Land of Soviets, statues of October students, teachers and sportsmen were updated before each public holiday. After half a century, they can only be cleaned with a hammer and chisel.
Roman Bosov, sculptor: “These monuments are in a terrible state. It would be one thing if they were, say, partially deformed or destroyed. It is much easier to restore a figure that has not been restored. Now a lot of effort goes into removing traces of the inept repairs of predecessors,”
The missing parts of the sculptures are restored using old photographs. First, a blank is molded from plasticine, then the parts are cast from concrete. After puttying and painting, the statue is sent to the local Museum of Local Lore.
Nikolai Ruban, director of the Museum of Local Lore: “We plan to conduct real excursions, because you can tell a lot about each person. We have a monument to Mikhail Kalinin and Vladimir Ulyanov, a girl with a bugle, a boy with an oar, and many other interesting things.”
Museum workers decided to create a park of Soviet sculpture several years ago. When the Museum of Local Lore received money for the construction of a new building, the director decided to spend part of the funds on saving Soviet monuments. Abandoned sculptures were collected throughout the region; statues were looked for in factories and factories, in old courtyards and even in landfills.
Lyudmila Kara-Ulanova, employee of the Museum of Local Lore: “Many statues were brought from the pioneer camp. For example, a girl with a book, girls with pigeons and a pioneer with a bugle.”
The heyday of Soviet sculpture in Khabarovsk occurred in the 50s. Almost all the statues were cast using molds sent from Moscow and Leningrad. Pioneers and excellent students of the TRP decorated the courtyards of houses in which the party elite lived.
But now the “Stalinists” are crowding out office buildings. After graduation construction work historians cannot even find pedestals from monuments of the Soviet past.
Alexey Shestakov, historian: “Initially, we turned to the Society for the Protection of Monuments and looked at their card index. And after that they began to ask their relatives and acquaintances who had seen any monuments in the city. Unfortunately, by now most park sculptures disappeared."
The Soviet Sculpture Park opened to visitors this summer. The new exhibition will feature only about 10 statues from the socialist realism era. Over the years, serial products have become real museum rarities.
