Wood sanding machine for timber. Wood sander: the choice of a home craftsman

1. Types of machines
2. Features of application
3. Draw machines
4. Vibrating apparatus
5. Eccentric machine
6. Homemade option
7. Drill grinder
8. Popular models and costs

Sander woodworking is widely used in industrial enterprises and in everyday life, where various surfaces are processed during the production process or during construction and repair work.

Using such a compact device, craftsmen quickly and efficiently grind or polish floors and walls, restore dilapidated furniture and clean the surface of old paintwork.

Types of machines

Modern equipment with such functionality can be divided into several types according to the operating principle and design features of grinding units. When choosing a wood sander, you need to focus on its purpose, for which we suggest familiarizing yourself with the main types of equipment and its features.

Tape(LSM). The main purpose of belt sanders is rough processing of wood.. Depending on the interchangeable attachment, they can also be used for processing metal and plastic parts.

Vibrating. Such samples are used where it is necessary to delicately grind the workpiece using circular movements of small amplitude. The working “sole” of the vibrating units is made in the shape of a rectangle specifically for processing corners. One of the varieties of such a device is a delta grinder, characterized by a triangular working element that provides for processing recesses and recesses, as well as hard-to-reach areas.

Eccentric (ESM) or orbital. This unit is capable of not only grinding, but also polishing, after which the material acquires a perfectly smooth surface. This effect is achieved due to the oscillatory-rotational movements of the device plate. However, it is worth noting that such equipment is not suitable for small surfaces and internal corners.

Features of application

When choosing a grinder for home use, make sure that this model will be suitable for the intended procedures and will be able to fully complete the assigned tasks.

Each type of sander has its own characteristics and recommendations for use, which we suggest you briefly familiarize yourself with.

Draw machines

Belt sanders are purchased by those who plan to remove an impressive layer of wood from a workpiece. In this segment, good electric tools are represented by the Bosch and Makita brands, which are very popular among craftsmen. They are excellent at processing unplaned wood and removing old, thick layers of paint from carpentry. A belt sander will come in handy if you need to adjust furniture elements or sand the ends and cut points.

The operating principle of this type of machine is the effect of abrasive material on the workpiece. Thus, an sanding belt stretched on rollers along a ring moves at a given speed, removing a thick layer of material, just like an electric plane does. The thickness of the removed layer and the quality of work can be adjusted by the grain size of the tape and the number of revolutions of the working element, and the width of the abrasive affects the area processed in one pass.

In most cases, the presented brands of belt sanders are equipped with a standard belt 76x457, 76x533 or 76x610 mm, so with their help it is convenient to process wooden material of various sizes, choosing best option emery. Semi-professional units can be equipped with abrasives over 100 mm wide, but home craftsmen are unlikely to need such equipment. Standard parameters rotation speeds for these machines vary from 150 to 500 m/min with a power of 400 to 1200 W.

Choosing grinding machines belt type, give preference to samples with speed control and automatic centering of a tensioned abrasive made from zirconium or aluminum oxide. As practice shows, for more gentle work, choose aluminum oxide tape, such as shown in the photo.

Vibrating apparatus

The principle of operation of vibration technology for sanding wood is similar to the previous version. Here the process is performed with light oscillatory-rotational movements with an amplitude of up to 5 mm using ordinary sheets of sandpaper. The type of sandpaper grit depends on the tasks at hand; this rule remains the same for all types of equipment. The abrasive material is fixed to the “sole” of the machine with Velcro or using a special clamp provided by the design of the unit.

By tradition, let's turn to Bosch and Makita grinding machines, which are rightfully leaders in the carpentry market among similar devices. In addition to their main purpose, they remove corrosion from metal products without a trace, remove paint, remove plaster and putty material. By adjusting the amplitude level, you can choose the degree of grinding, from coarse to finer. Household versions of machines have a speed of 2000 - 5000 rpm, and their oscillation speed is within 2500 per minute.

The power of such units can range from 150 to 600 W, and when purchasing a tool, these parameters are among the most important. The higher the power rating of the grinding device, the longer you can work without interruption on such equipment, and its performance will also be significantly better.

Eccentric machine

Despite some similarity between orbital sanders and vibrating samples, it is worth noting their higher performance indicators. This machine allows you to get a perfectly polished surface without much effort. The working process here is carried out using a disk element with a diameter of up to 150 mm. As an abrasive, eccentric units are equipped with emery wheels or felt attachments, which are indispensable for polishing procedures.

Even a beginner without experience can work on an eccentric unit with his own hands; the main thing is to correctly determine the optimal power on the device. Returning to the representatives of the Makita and Bosch families, we note that their power varies from 200 to 650 W at speeds of up to 13,000 per minute. As with any choice of grinding tool, in this case it is worth giving preference to machines with the ability to select the vibration amplitude and speed, which will make it easier to complete the tasks.

An orbital wood sander from the two leading manufacturers discussed above costs from 4,000 rubles, and its cost may vary depending on the technical characteristics and equipment. In order not to overpay in vain for unnecessary options, think in advance about what and how you will do with such a machine.

Homemade option

Sometimes the price of a factory tool makes you think about making a grinder yourself, especially if you need to do a one-time job on a small scale. Many craftsmen build a grinding machine from a familiar grinder, which, in principle, is an angle grinder, but some differences still exist. It is worth remembering that the grinder operates at high speeds, and it weighs a lot, so without experience and a “stuffed” hand, it can be difficult to handle. In order for grinding with an angle grinder to give the desired result, you need to be able to use attachments and polishing wheels specially designed for such purposes. Unlike a traditional grinder, a wood grinder has much lower speed and is inferior in weight.

If you are determined to convert an angle grinder into a grinding machine for processing floors or other surfaces, which will be in no way inferior to factory samples, you will have to modify the electrical circuit of the original tool. Here you will need to additionally equip the angle grinder with a speed regulator, which will help reduce their number. You will also have to buy a set of special attachments, but this consumables, and its purchase is relevant in any case.

Drill grinder

The characteristics of the grinding units make it possible to produce compact hand power tool from a conventional drill, for which it is equipped with an additional attachment. Depending on the nature of the work performed, a drum or disc element can act as a working attachment. The support plate with a shank for clamping into the drill chuck is made of plastic or rubber, covered with sanding material. A part with a flexible shaft can be installed on a tool operating in manual mode, and if there is a rigid shaft, it is better to attach it to a securely fixed drill. If grinding is performed using abrasive drums, then the working surface of the grinding machine must be placed parallel to the axis of rotation.

As you can see, you can make a grinding machine with your own hands from a drill or grinder in a short time without resorting to complex circuits and expensive components. Such a compact device is capable of processing wooden surfaces, polishing hard materials and removing old paintwork, which is necessary when performing construction and repair procedures, as well as restoring furniture.

Popular models and costs

If you want to choose a reliable factory device, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the table containing popular equipment models, their main characteristics and estimated prices.

	Power, W	Speed, m/min		price, rub.

Construction or restoration work requires the purchase of a tool for finishing wood (a wood grinder), but which model should you choose? It depends on its purpose, since the tool is multifunctional. The selection criteria are largely influenced by the characteristics of the surfaces being processed: their size or the complexity of the design with many hard-to-reach places. Equally important is the size of the budget allocated for restoration or construction, as well as the experience of the craftsman and his skills in working with tools for sanding wood.

If you need a sander for home use ( minor repairs, hobby), choose simple and quite budget models.

They are light and small in size. To process large volumes of construction or production work (for example, in a furniture workshop), it would be more successful to purchase powerful units.

The following types of woodworking sanders are distinguished:

• tape;
• ​vibration;
• ​eccentric;
• ​angular;
• ​renovator;
• ​brush.

Belt sander

It is advantageous to choose such a tool if you need to effectively remove large layers of material (for example, old paint), grind boards, process cut lines and accurately adjust the surfaces of parts.

These units are very powerful, and if the master does not have enough experience, then there is a danger of ruining the surface being treated. Working with a belt sander requires some skill. But with a little practice, you can quite easily, quickly and efficiently process a large area.

When choosing a grinding machine of this type, you need to make sure that you have the necessary equipment: models manufactured by different manufacturers, are equipped with abrasive belts of various sizes.

Inexpensive models have basic set possibilities:

1. Speed ​​control switch.
2. Thermal protection of the motor.
3. A nozzle for connecting a vacuum cleaner (or a dust collector).

Vibration sander

A vibrating machine is a tool for a more “delicate” effect on the surface of the wood. The work surface often has rectangular shape, this makes it convenient for sanding corners.

The main criteria when choosing this particular type of machine are:

1. Dimensions of the working surface (sole). This parameter directly affects the speed of work performed.
2. Sole shape. The rectangular surface can be supplemented with a triangular wedge for working in hard-to-reach places.
3. The amplitude of the machine’s movements: as it increases, the processing speed increases. But this may affect the quality of grinding.
4. Method of fixing an abrasive surface. There are several possible options: clips, Velcro, a combined method.
5. Possibility of adjusting the speed of movement: for different woods it may be different.
6. A way to get rid of chips and dust.

The parameters of grinders that you should pay attention to in this case are:

1. Platform size (diagonal or triangle area).
2. Tool performance, which is directly related to the oscillation frequency (up to 2600 counts/min).
3. Weight (about 1 kg)
4. Power (most often from 300 to 200 W).

Random orbital sander

An eccentric or orbital machine processes the wood until it is completely polished.

The eccentric machine processes the wood until it is completely polished.

Difficult areas are processed in a different way, often manually. This design is distinguished by a complex trajectory of movement of the working surface: the sole of the machine makes rotational and oscillatory-orbital movements. Pneumatic models are most convenient to use.

This type of tool is the most expensive. Moreover, pneumatic models of grinders must be equipped with a high-performance compressor. This is not always possible for domestic use. Most often, such a tool is used in production.

If the shape of the surface is triangular (delta grinder), then such a tool is used if it is necessary to work in hard-to-reach places. This makes it possible to avoid manual sanding. The abrasive paper is attached to the base using Velcro, which makes it quick and easy to replace.

The speed of its work is very high. This model brings any detail to perfect smoothness, but it can only be used to work on large and even surfaces.

Additional devices

Angle grinders have high productivity, which is explained by the presence of a powerful drive and high speed of the equipment. However, a significant drawback of the model is the inability to process internal corners. Delta nozzles or renovators are more suitable for grinding them.

The renovator is similar to the delta modification of the vibration machine, but has significantly greater functionality.

The list of its capabilities includes:

• polishing and sanding wood and other materials;
• ​creating slots;
• ​cleaning walls and other surfaces from linoleum, tiles, etc.;
• local repairs of power structures and cladding.

A professional tool of this type is equipped with a warning device that notifies with sound signals of excessive load on the surface being processed. Depending on the volume of the surface to be processed and the tasks assigned, the master may prefer a model with a two-handed grip. This is convenient if you need to work for a long time. The advantage of one-handed models is their compactness.

Moreover, manufacturers are constantly increasing the number of possible operations performed by the tool. Additional advantages of the renovator are its ability to work both from the network and from a battery, low power consumption, quite affordable price. Brushing machines do not use an abrasive belt, but metal brushes. This type of tool is convenient for processing large surfaces. It is used to remove old coating.

The features of each unit make it effective in performing certain tasks:

1. The belt sander works well on large, flat surfaces, for example, voluminous parts of simple configuration. But this type of tool is not very convenient for processing small items.
2. Vibratory grinders have average productivity and are effective for processing parts various shapes, do not leave traces, and are economical in energy consumption.
3. Eccentric models are good for achieving high quality processing: grinding or polishing.
4. Renovator or delta modification is a tool for designing furniture. It is also used for interior finishing work with wooden elements.

Such units cannot operate continuously; operation will have to be stopped every 15 minutes. The most universal model is considered to be a belt sander. It is suitable for processing not only wood, but also other types of surfaces (plastic, metal), and can be useful for both professionals and amateur craftsmen. Expensive professional grinders can operate non-stop for a full working day. They also have the function of centering the abrasive belt, which saves material.

To make work easier, the master can equip the grinding machine with a stand on which the tool is attached. When performing grinding, you can move, rotate, and guide the material itself, and not the heavy unit. If the work continues for a long time, then even if you have a relatively small machine, it is much easier to manipulate the workpiece.

To give the wooden surface a perfect smoothness, wood sanders are used. They can be used to polish both products made from new lumber, as well as old, worn-out interior parts, parquet, furniture, floorboards, walls, stairs and other structural elements.

Wood sander

The use of a grinding tool for wood speeds up finishing work and improves its quality, and when constructing a frame wooden house You simply cannot do without a grinding machine.

Classification of grinding machines

Variety of models, design features and the purposes of grinding machines creates the need for their typology. For domestic and industrial purposes, the following models are available on the market:

• belt sanders, including flat-face grinders;
• vibration, including delta grinders;
• orbital or eccentric;
• angle grinders (grinders);
• brush type grinding machines;
• multifunctional renovators.

Purpose of each type of grinder

Different wood sanding equipment performs different functions. A belt sander for wood is intended for rough, primary surface treatment. It can also easily remove a layer of old paint.

A vibratory grinder provides a softer, higher-quality grinding thanks to circular movements of small amplitude. Its working surface has a rectangular shape, allowing you to process areas in straight and obtuse corners of the product. Its version, the delta sander, is equipped with a sole shaped like an iron. This smoothed triangular shape ensures surface treatment in small recesses, recesses, and internal sharp corners.

The purpose of an eccentric or orbital sander is to perfectly grind the surface, practically polishing it. The quality of processing is ensured by the oscillatory-rotational movements performed by the plate. Its shape does not imply use on small surfaces and in hard-to-reach places.

A grinder or an angle grinder, which is found in most home workshops, is often used as a wood grinder. In addition to this main function, the tool can perform many other operations, for which it enjoys well-deserved popularity.

Instead of a wood sander, you can use a multifunctional renovator with a significantly expanded range of functions. In addition to polishing and sanding, this tool can make cuts, cut communications, remove tiles or glued linoleum. It is distinguished by low power consumption, many attachments included and a relatively low price.

A brush-type wood sander is equipped not with an abrasive material, but with a metal brush. It is convenient for her to work on large areas, to work with large objects - boats, parquet and plank floors, countertops, cleaning them from old coatings and plaque. By the type of movement, brush sanders are similar to belt sanders.

The last two types of grinders are used quite rarely. The operation of the equipment can be carried out thanks to an electric motor powered by a network or battery. There are always craftsmen who prefer to make any devices themselves, but a homemade grinder cannot compare with a manufactured one industrially neither in performance nor in functionality. It is mainly suitable for sanding small parts.

Belt sanders

The device of a belt-type sander is based on a roller fastening of an abrasive belt on the sole. It provides rotation at different speeds depending on the power, which varies in the range from 400 W to 1200. In some models, the speed can be changed from a minimum of 150 meters per minute to a maximum of 500 in accordance with the surface properties.

The functionality of the tool is determined by the width of the sanding belt. The larger the size of the belt, the larger the surface that can be processed in the same time, but increasing the size of the belt makes the structure heavier. Another important indicator of the tape is its grain size. If you have belts with different degrees of grain, you can vary the quality of sanding the wood. In addition, the tape must be strong, elastic, with straight edges and smooth joints.

Grinding belt

Machines with a belt-type mechanism are usually equipped with devices for collecting dust and debris, and some are equipped with a connection for connecting a vacuum cleaner. Useful additional functions of a wood belt sander are the ability to automatically center the rotating belt and smoothly control the speed of its movement.

Features of application

Before choosing a belt sander, it is useful to decide what the purpose of its use is. Small or mini sanders are designed for small jobs that can be done with one hand. They are equipped with a device for a 6.3 cm wide tape. The medium-sized ones work with a 7.6 cm tape, and the largest ones, intended for construction, are equipped with devices for a 10 cm wide tape.

A device that simulates the operation of a plane is used to remove upper layers lumber, as well as for processing the cutting line and fitting wood parts. Linear action combined with the right choice of tape allows even delicate finishes to be achieved.

To work directly near the wall, a belt sander with a flat end is used. Such a surface grinder allows processing right up to the junction with the wall. It is better to carry out large volumes of work using stationary structure, which is equipped with functions for controlling the depth and quality of grinding.

Rough initial grinding is carried out at an angle against the grain with an 80-grit belt, and final polishing along the grain with a No. 120 belt. Zirconium tapes are used for rough processing, and aluminum oxide for gentle processing.

Vibratory sanders

Abrasive sheets are attached to the oscillating working surfaces of the vibratory grinder using clamps or Velcro. Grinding occurs thanks to light circular and oscillatory movements. The amplitude of the oscillations can be adjusted. Coarser processing occurs at an amplitude of 5 mm, and the finest at 1.5. Sanding wood in hard-to-reach places is done with a delta sander having a sole shaped like an iron. The main advantages of such equipment are: its low weight (sometimes less than a kilogram) and dimensions, high-speed oscillatory movements.

When choosing a grinder, its power and oscillation speed are also important. It is useful to select a vibration-type grinder taking into account the possibility of adjusting the rotation speed, which in household units can vary from 2 thousand to 5 thousand revolutions, and fluctuations, which can reach 25 thousand per minute.

Features of application

Convenient to use devices with a sole that can be rotated at different angles. An orbital sander can be used to process new lumber as well as restore furniture, old window frames and other structural wood elements. There are models to which additional attachments can be attached.

Orbital sanders

The working surface of the sole of an orbital (eccentric) sander has the shape of a circle with a disk up to 150 mm in diameter. It has tiny holes made in it to remove dust. The eccentric grinding machine uses the principle of combining oscillatory and rotational movements, as in a vibrating machine, but the quality of polishing is improved due to the complicated trajectory of movement.

When choosing an eccentric grinder, you should pay attention to the operating speed of the device or the number of oscillations per unit time. The ability to adjust the rotation speed and oscillation frequency is optional, but an important additional function that allows you to select the optimal operating mode depending on the quality of the surface.

The power of an orbital sander can range from 200 W to 500, the speed can reach 13 thousand per minute, and the eccentric oscillation frequency is 24 thousand per minute.

Features of application

The discs are coated with abrasive material, which is supplied with the orbital sander and can have different grain sizes to achieve the required degree of processing, down to the finest. Orbital sanders come with polishing felt attachments.

During construction or production, pneumatic modifications are used, but their operation requires high-performance compressor equipment, therefore pneumatically driven orbital sanders are not used in everyday life. Random orbital sanding equipment is suitable for high-quality finishing of all large wooden surfaces. It can be used to level modular parquet and other expensive cladding.

Angle grinders

Angle grinders are commonly called grinders. Craftsmen love this tool for its versatility; it can be used to sand and cut various materials, but initially it was intended specifically for sanding wood. Bulgarian women are different high power, high speed of tool turnover, but they are not suitable for processing internal corners.

Grinders are used as sanders for wooden floors. What kind of woodworking operation will be performed depends on the attachments used. For rough grinding and polishing of painted surfaces, sanding discs-plates consisting of three layers are used. The outer layer is made of either sandpaper or wool flannel, depending on the purpose.

Rough grinding is carried out using flap discs, the working surface of which is covered with petals. sandpaper. When processing a wooden floor, 2 or 3 petal discs are used per 10 square meters. m.

To remove a layer of old paint, scraping devices—steel cups with wire brushes—are used.

Review of grinding machine manufacturers

Before choosing a grinding machine, you can read information about domestic and foreign manufacturers. It is preferable to focus on models produced by well-known, well-established manufacturers.

Popular brands are: Bosh, Makita, DeWalt, Hitachi, Interskol, Zubr. Their products are distinguished by durability, high performance and affordable prices.

Approximate costs of popular models different types famous brands are given in the table:

Brand	Makita	Bosch	DeWalt	Hitachi	Interskol	Bison
Tape
Model	9910	PBS 75 A	DW750E	SB8V2	LShM-76/900	ZLSHM-950
Price in thousand rubles.	7,5	6,5	12,5	8,5		3,5
Vibrating
	BO3710	GSS23A	D26420	SV12SG	PShM-15/300E	ZPSHM
	3,5	4,4	15,5	4,0	2,9	2,6
Orbital (eccentric)
	BO5021	PEX220A	DWE6423	SV13YB	EShM-125/270E	ZOSHM-450-125
	4,7	4,1	4,7	5,4	3,0	2,5

⁠

• Makita is famous for its belt sanders with high performance and ergonomic design;
• Bosh releases quality tool all types, but consumers rate eccentric ones especially highly;
• Hitachi produces premium tools; domestic brands Interskol and Zubr are distinguished by their simplicity and reliability.

Most manufacturers produce sanders for household use, as well as for construction and the production of high-quality lumber. Professional models are much more expensive than household ones, but they can work for an entire shift without breaks, while household equipment needs to be turned off every 15-20 minutes of operation.

The buyer may be interested in how much a budget-class sander costs. You can purchase an orbital (eccentric) sander for up to 3 thousand rubles from domestic brands: Temp, Riobi, Skill.

Products manufactured under the Temp and Riobi trademarks have a function for changing the speed, but do not allow you to adjust the eccentric. Skil brand equipment is heavy and large in size, but is equipped with load indicators.

An angle cutting machine for wood can be bought at a price of 2 thousand to 3 thousand rubles (brands Caliber, Bort, Enkor), or for 6-7 thousand rubles from the Interskol brand, but this will be a more powerful tool.

The prices given are approximate. In addition to the cost and technical characteristics, when buying a tool, you should hold it in your hand and check the following:

1. Is the tool convenient to use?
2. Listen to the sound to see if it is deafening even through headphones.
3. Feel the vibration, whether it is uniform or sometimes hits your hand.
4. Pay attention to the warranty, check the availability of a service nearby.
5. Compare the functions of similar models from different manufacturers.

Safety precautions

When working with a wood sander, you cannot neglect simple rules: wear headphones, a respirator and safety glasses. If the unit is equipped with a dust collector, it must not be cleaned without first unplugging it. The tool should be stored out of the reach of children and should not be left unattended, even when not in use.

Before connecting the unit to the network, you should make sure that the button on the tool is in the off position.

We devoted previous articles to screwdrivers, angle grinders, chain saws, jigsaws, mixers, spray guns, miter saws, jackhammers, and hammer drills. Today, all our attention will be focused on the tool that uses sandpaper.

Sand or age the wooden part, remove paintwork, remove rust, grind off burrs, rub putty, process plastic, polish stone - all this and much more can be done by modern grinding machines. So, we offer the slogan: “Choose a grinder with us, choose like us, choose better than us!”

Sanding: This process causes discomfort for many, even at the mere mention of it. What can I say, grinding is a monotonous, labor-intensive, painstaking, dusty, sometimes noisy, slightly harmful operation, but, unfortunately, inevitable. Modern requirements finishing work has reached unprecedented heights, no one doubts the fact that the planes must be perfectly even and smooth. Finishing high-tech coatings are increasingly striving for thin layers and only highlight the shortcomings of the base. Even enlarged, with ready-made decorative coating leafy Construction Materials have to be joined, followed by caulking/puttying or seam sealing followed by sanding. Domestic builders, finishers and shop workers (manufacturers of furniture, carpentry, stone products, bulk polymers, metal) are slowly but surely getting used to new standards, previously unknown.

Fortunately, the materiel did not lag behind for long: the working people are helped to cope with the task by a highly specialized, relatively inexpensive tool - grinding machines, which we can no longer do without. Gone is the painfully familiar sandpaper, attached to a wooden block, or held in one’s hands. The leaders of capitalist production have produced many, many wonderful professional grinding devices designed for any occasion, without neglecting home craftsmen - those who like to create something with their own hands. Understand the variety of grinders and make right choice It’s actually not difficult, the main thing is to know what a particular tool is intended for, and also to clearly understand what tasks you will set for the grinder.

It is customary to distinguish three main types of grinding machines: belt, eccentric (orbital), surface grinding (vibrating). They all have their own specialization and form a unique cascade of capabilities, ranging from fast rough processing to delicate finishing grinding. Many of those who are closely associated with grinding “on duty” have in their arsenal a full set of tools of this class. Belt sanders are the heavy artillery for removing large layers from large surfaces. PShM are focused on finishing. And ESMs are capable of producing even better results, bordering on polishing, but, compared to vibration machines, they have a different operating principle and a different filling.

Belt sanders

Above, we inadvertently called the belt sander heavy artillery; in fact, it would be more appropriate to say “tank”. The working element of this well-recognized tool is an abrasive belt, glued together in the form of an endless ring, which moves along two end rollers and clearly resembles the track of a tracked vehicle. Such units are relatively powerful, they have a relatively simple, reliable design ( bevel gear plus V-belt drive), low center of gravity, solid speed of movement of the abrasive material. Using a belt sander, you can easily remove a layer of material of a few millimeters, make an edge or rounding on a workpiece, or remove old paintwork or rust. The following are subject to it: wood, metal, polymers, mineral building materials... Clear the paint from the floors - yes, correct the planed timber - please, level up the putty wall with defects - no problem. However, you should understand that high performance is not the best friend of quality; there will definitely be scratches and sinkholes. For finishing sanding you will need to use an orbital or surface sander.

It is no secret that the performance of an electric tool is directly proportional to the power consumption of its motor - the higher it is, the more we can squeeze out of a particular unit. In the case of LSM, the consumer has the opportunity to choose from models with a motor from 0.5 to 1.2 kW (Skil Masters 7660MA - 1200 W).

Please note that tools from Chinese brands are often declared with inflated engine power ratings, or, if there really are stated watts, they are not balanced with the rest of the characteristics of the device. Record-breaking power is boasted by those manufacturers who have nothing else to show, except perhaps the heavy weight and bulkiness of the “unique” product.

The next important characteristic for a belt sander is speed. Obviously, it also needs to be taken into account to determine the capabilities of the tool. A fast machine will do more, but it will not be possible to pin it down if its outstanding speed is not supported by additional power. This is all due to the notorious torque, which says that the more speed a tool has, the less power it has left. A responsible manufacturer carefully balances these characteristics and makes them mutually changeable, for which smart electronics are sometimes responsible. The belt speed in these grinders can be in the range of 150-550 meters per minute (Fiolent MSHL1-100 - 550 m/min.).

The question may arise: why produce fast, but relatively weak blades at all? It’s just that a super-productive (fast and at the same time strong) car is more difficult to control, it is heavier, larger, and more expensive. If pressed excessively, it can easily ruin the workpiece. In turn, with maneuverable high-speed lightweights it is convenient to treat the surface in a short time, often “on the spot” large area. If you don’t yet know what kind of loads await the grinder, choose a slower model that can be pressed a little, so it will be more versatile. Even more versatile are blade grinders with the ability to preset the speed mode (Sparky MBS 976, DeWalt DW433). Among them there are options with smooth or stepped adjustments.

It's time to talk about electronic systems that help in working with belt sanders. These machines are not rich in electronic components, compared to other types of electric tools. Everything is usually limited to regulating the speed of the belt. The switch responsible for this function is made in the form of a slider or a wheel with divisions. There are models with overheating protection (Metabo BAE 75). With some stretch, this includes the function of fixing the start button in the on position.

The situation is much more interesting with mechanical “bells and whistles”. The kit may include a stand or special clamps designed for stationary fastening of the tool (very convenient for processing small parts). The grinding frame serves as a kind of limiter that helps to avoid damage to the workpiece. A rip fence or miter gauge is useful for obtaining an accurate bevel or a smooth, parallel surface. The thin front roller in some LBMs (Black&Decker KA88) has a small diameter, which allows the dead zone in the inner corners to be reduced to a minimum. Automatic centering of the belt (the cunning barrel-shaped shape of one of the rollers) does not allow the latter to treacherously slide off at the most inopportune moment. An additional handle with variable tilt or removable will significantly increase the functionality of the machine in “squeezed” places - sometimes noticeably.

Special attention should be paid to the dimensions of the working plane - the sole, respectively, the length and width of the tape. Wide soles (100 mm) are typical for powerful professional models, making them more stable and productive. The hobby class is usually limited to 75 millimeters. The long and wide sole of expensive blades has complex design, consisting of a substrate and an elastic plate, which allows for constant uniform contact of the emery with the part; such a tool “holds the plane” well. It is necessary to mention “ribbons” with narrow equipment - these are the so-called “electric files”, which are not very powerful and versatile, but specialists value them for their unprecedented compactness (for example, Makita 9032 with a tape only 9 mm wide).

All belt machines have a dust removal system, but not all of them work equally effectively. The fight against dust is carried out either using a vacuum cleaner connected through the pipe, or by collecting it in a bag with a built-in filter. Of course, a vacuum cleaner is preferable, especially when sanding mineral substrates. In ultra-cheap models, the impeller responsible for air suction does not cope with its function, the channels quickly become clogged, and a lot of harmful “flour” remains in the air.

Surface grinding (vibrating) machines

If we take into account the cleanliness of the processing of parts, then surface grinders occupy an intermediate position between belt and orbital ones. With their help, finishing grinding is carried out flat surfaces, made from a wide variety of materials - plastic, wood, stone, metal... Thanks to the relatively large working plane, the PSM is suitable for working with serious quadrature. The secret to the popularity of vibrating sanders lies in their moderate cost, the availability of equipment elements, and the absence of dead processing zones (the flat out-mounted sole easily handles corners).

The main working body of a surface grinder is a plate, which makes frequent reciprocating movements with a small amplitude. The motor in such machines is located vertically, which makes it possible to use the “eccentric-counterweight” tandem rotational movements transfer the shaft into translational movements of the platform.

Most vibrating grinders traditionally boast a motor power of 150-300 W; they are quite maneuverable, moderately light and compact. Similar level power plant almost always enough. However, such unanimity among manufacturers would be, at least, strange - there are models with a power of up to 600 W (Makita 9046). They are, of course, heavier and larger, but can work at low speeds for a long time without overheating.

The most important indicator of the PSM is the amplitude of the sole stroke. It may vary in different models, although it is invariably a relatively small value. On average for the class, the platform moves by 1-3 mm; in more mobile models figures of 5-6 mm may appear (Festool RS 100). A larger amplitude helps to polish the surface faster, but such processing will also be rougher.

Another nuance is the frequency of the sole stroke. At high speed the machine will quickly remove a relatively thicker layer, while at lower speed it is easier to achieve a precise finish sanding. Some manufacturers make the frequency of movement of the platform variable, exceeding 20,000 strokes per minute (Bosch GSS 280 AE L-BOXX), which allows you to adapt to the processing of different types of materials and the characteristics of specific surfaces.

When choosing a vibrating sander, special attention must be paid to the platform. With its dimensions, everything is quite simple, there are two options: a kind of “standard” and “mini” models - the plate area is about 100 mm 2 (Makita BO4557, Sparky MP 250). Toddlers are good for tight, tight spaces. Obviously, the sole must be of high quality, perfectly flat, with clear geometric shapes. Budget machines are equipped with a platform made of steel or high-strength plastic, while more expensive analogues are equipped with cast platforms made of alloys containing aluminum or magnesium (Festool RS 100). A good sole is characterized by precise balancing, which is easily determined by a low degree of vibration when operating without load (idling). It is also important what the pad is made of; the most suitable option is a porous polymer; it “holds” the plane better than rubber.

Vibratory grinders with a delta-shaped platform are included in a separate class; they are popularly called “irons” (Hitachi SV12SH, Makita BO4565). Due to their miniature size and good maneuverability, they are used for processing objects with small parts and complex surfaces, such as furniture, carpentry, staircase elements, and car body. Their triangular platforms are rotary - you can continue to work unevenly “eaten” by a petal of sandpaper (Festool Deltex DX 93E) or removable (with quick installation of another type of platform - for concave/convex surfaces, for structuring, polishing, rubbing).

Emery can be attached to the site in different ways. It is more convenient when the paper is secured with Velcro, but special equipment is relatively expensive. The option with spring-loaded clamps is somewhat more complicated, but you can use an inexpensive sanding paper, cut with your own hands (costs only in the right places make holes for dust removal).

The fight against fine dust, which inevitably forms when using a grinder, poses many challenges for developers. They have to work hard to protect all mechanisms. In this case, special motor sealing, protected bearings and switches, an impenetrable housing, and a channel system with forced dust extraction are used. To remove dust from working area and does not saturate the air, it is directed into a collection bag or filter; in most cases, a vacuum cleaner can be connected to the nozzle - this is the most effective method protection.

Eccentric (orbital) sanders

This type of sander is designed for high quality processing. Delicate grinding and even polishing are their element, although the performance of such devices can be no less impressive than that of vibrating machines. They can handle any material; most often you will find ESMs among woodworkers and car painters. When working with profile, volumetric, curved objects, eccentric sanders have no equal, and they also have no problems with planes. The only place where such a machine fails is in corners and small recesses - the “plate” simply won’t reach there.

Just like surface grinding units, “orbitals” have an eccentric and a counterweight, with the help of which the round grinding plate not only moves around its axis, but also along an “orbit” with a small amplitude. Interestingly, axial movement usually occurs by inertia, and in some models it is forced (via a gear transmission - Kress 900 MPS). This complex movement of the working blade, coupled with the highest rotation speed, is what makes it possible to obtain a surface of excellent quality, without depressions, waves and scratches.

From 200 to 900 watts - this is how much the motors of modern electric motors consume. Those that are more powerful will naturally be more productive; they can easily handle a larger sole, up to 150 mm in diameter (for example, the 400-watt Bosch GEX 125-150 AVE or Interskol EShM-150/600E).

Bosch GEX 125-150 AVE

By speed forward movement orbital machines also have differences. If we talk about rotation, this figure can be from 4 to 14 thousand eccentric revolutions per minute for models with adjustment (Metabo SXE 425), and about 12,000 for models without it. If we talk about the concept of “fluctuation”, then these figures will be half as much. In fact, everything is simple here: the higher the speed, the rougher the processing will be, but the faster the work can be done.

The eccentric of orbital machines may not have the same “span” - from 2 to 7 mm (Festool WTS 150/7 E-Plus). This is called the amplitude of the oscillation. The smaller it is, the less vibration the device generates, the more compact the plate moves, the smaller the area we process, but the cleaner the grinding will be. In some ESMs, the operator can set a certain amplitude, affecting the productivity and fineness of grinding.

Compared to their counterparts (LSM and PShM), “orbitals” are usually well equipped with electronics. We have already talked about setting the speed and amplitude, in addition to this, a professional instrument is equipped with an automatic frequency maintenance system (Bosch GEX 150 Turbo) so that it does not drop under load - this is constant electronics. Some models have an electrodynamic brake (AEG EX150ED K), which, after turning off the “start” button, instantly stops the work plate, preventing damage to the workpiece and reducing the possibility of injury. For powerful professional machines, a starting current limiter can be provided (Makita BO6040 ), which smoothly accelerates the tool, preventing a starting jerk and protecting the network from short-term, but significantly increased load.

One of the very nice options is the removable network cable, adjustable or removable front handle, locking start button, functional dust removal.

Be sure to pay attention to the type of sanding pad. Firstly, if you need particularly delicate processing, do not chase a large plate; by the way, it has a larger dead zone and an amplitude of about 5-7 mm. The plate, made of metal, has stability, high strength and excellent heat dissipation. The elastic plate copes well with convex surfaces. All of them have Velcro for fixing the sandpaper and holes for dust extraction. These holes from individual manufacturers may vary in size, number and location; according to this feature, you need to select the appropriate equipment.

If the financial issue is not the least important, then for your home workshop you can purchase a model from the “hobby” category. Good examples are offered by Makita, Black&Decker, Skil, Sparky, Bosch. Look towards the domestic manufacturer - Interskol and Fiolent have noticeably improved in terms of the quality and functionality of their tools.

Pay attention to the weight and dimensions of the product you are interested in, especially if a lot of work is planned “on the spot”, on weight, on outstretched arms. Give preference to a car that is not too powerful, but rather a faster one; it will be lighter, more compact and cheaper. But for regular operations on a workbench, the large weight of the device will be more of a plus than a minus.

Be sure to thoroughly “feel” the grinder and find the one that best suits your ergonomics. Decide on the type of main and additional handle; most likely you will have to choose between a “mushroom” and a “brace”. See if the switches are conveniently located and how they work, how easy it is to change the equipment, and whether the power cord is in the way.

Check the moving parts of the product for play. Look at the accuracy of the fit of the body parts. Turn on the car in a tool store, at least at idle speed, evaluate the level of noise and vibration. Ask about the cost, range and possibility of interchangeability of consumables.

Weigh all the pros and cons, take your time with the choice, then the whole repair will go smoothly.

Return