Plastering a plinth for decoration and protection. DIY foundation plaster: from the choice of cement to grouting the surface Ready mix for foundation plaster

To protect the house from dampness, and the walls from destruction, it is important to make the foundation and basement of the building protected and waterproof. If we are talking about a brick foot, then they make an exterior finish and cover the masonry with a protective layer. The choice of materials for external cladding is a lot, among which plaster is considered a traditional coating.

Advantages and disadvantages

Plastering, like any other type of exterior decoration, has positive and negative sides. The pluses include:

the possibility of self-application;
affordable prices for materials and work;
ready-made mixtures;
aesthetics;

The disadvantages boil down to the following:

fragility;
laboriousness of the application process;
drying time for each layer;
coverage only in the warm season;
skills for independent work are required;
the presence of dirt and dust during the preparation of the solution and application to the wall.

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What to expect from plastering a brick basement at home?

The cover for the basement performs the function of protecting against moisture, destruction and freezing, as it essentially continues the foundation above the ground. Therefore, the following requirements are imposed on the finishing of the lower part of the house:

The margin of safety of the coating must protect against mechanical damage.
Secure grip on the plinth, which will be the defining moment of durability.
The moisture resistance of the layer will keep not only the brickwork dry, but the whole house.
Immunity to biological factors of destruction (ants, mice, fungus, bacteria).
Chemical resistance, since cement is a corrosive medium that can affect the integrity of the coating.
Resistant to solar radiation.
Frost resistance provides a significant layer of application.

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What materials are needed?

There are 2 options for making a solution for plastering:

Dilution of the finished mixture with water.
Self-made recipe.

To prepare the solution, you need a mixture of cement and sand.

In the first case, you only need to buy a ready-made mixture and take care of an adequate supply of water. Choosing the second option, you will have to prepare all the ingredients in the right proportions, according to the recipe. Moreover, the sequence of mixing the components matters. For a cement-sand mortar, cement and sand are purchased. Special additives, which are sold in powder form, are capable of increasing moisture resistance.

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Stages of work

Knowing the sequence of work, plastering a brick base on your own will not be difficult:

Cleaning the surface from dust, dirt, remnants of the previous coating.
Surface priming.
Securing the reinforcing mesh.
Installation of beacons.
Mortar application and leveling.
Time for setting and removing beacons.
Grouting and drying for 1.5-2 weeks.
Primer and topcoat.

It is important not to violate the solution preparation technology and not to exceed the time of its use, otherwise, in this case, it will not be possible to obtain a high-quality coating.

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How to prepare the surface?

First, the masonry is treated with soil.

The first, preparatory stage of plastering work cannot be neglected, since the strength of adhesion of the plaster to the brickwork depends on it. The primer adheres the brick to the plaster. It is applied on a clean surface, so the old coating layer along with dirt and dust is removed. To do this, use metal brushes, scrapers. Wash the surface with detergents and allow to dry. After that, they are primed with a special solution using a brush, roller or spray gun. After this layer has dried, they begin to reinforce the wall and install beacons. As a reinforcing layer, special meshes are used or crate is stuffed. Vertical metal slats act as beacons. Set the level at the same distance. At this, the preparatory stage ends, after which they begin to apply the plaster solution.

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Solution composition

There are several types of plasters for outdoor use:

silicone;
cement-sand;
acrylic.

The most commonly used plaster mortar is cement-sand. Prepare 2.5-3 parts of sand for 1 part of cement, mix dry and add water, bringing to the desired consistency. In order for the finish to have moisture-repellent properties, special additives are used. The composition of the primer solution is prepared identically, but it is made thinner and applied in a thin layer (up to 1 cm). Silicone and acrylic plasters are purchased ready-made or powdered, which requires the addition of water. Before applying them, use ready-made liquid primers.

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Finishing

Finishing the basement with a finishing layer ends.

The final stage of the exterior decoration of the brick basement is the finishing decorative layer. This type of work is started after complete drying and maturation of the main layer. The basement of the house is primed and the plaster is applied in a thin layer with a trowel or trowel. Finishing compounds are painted with pigments, special additives add texture. This creates an elegant and well-kept facade of the house that meets the wishes of the owner.

If desired, you can give the texture of a natural stone. For this, stone and quartz chips are mixed into the plaster mortar. Using a trojan horse and a scarpel, grooves and grooves are created at the priming stage, and the relief is already given after the plaster has hardened by tapping with a bush hammer. dust and crumbs are brushed off. You can create an imitation of a tavertine. This will require 2 layers of decorative plaster with a fine fraction of natural filler. The required relief is formed with a scraped stone. Partially dried mortar is "combed" with a metal brush and smoothed with the edge of a trowel.

etokirpichi.ru

Plastering the plinth with your own hands: a step-by-step guide

We plaster the base with our own hands

Mechanical stress, atmospheric conditions and high humidity constantly have a negative impact on the basement of the house. This inevitably leads to a reduction in the service life of both the basement and the entire structure. In order for this part of the house to always look attractive, to be strong and reliable for many years, a kind of protection is required. Plastering the surface will help to strengthen the plinth, extend its life and make the exterior of the house attractive. This method of cladding increases the resistance to moisture and external influences. And the polymer additives that are part of the plaster mixes increase the strength characteristics of the surface.

Advantages and disadvantages of plaster

When choosing a plaster mixture as a facing material, it is important to familiarize yourself with all its advantages and disadvantages. On the positive side, the plaster for the plinth is characterized by the following qualities:

Benefits of plaster

Reliability and efficiency. Plastering the basement reliably protects the surface for many years without additional repairs.
Simple to use. Plastering of the plinth is carried out without complicated tools and devices.
Low cost. Compared to other cladding materials, plaster and its application are not expensive.
Easy repair. In case of damage, the plastered surface can be repaired quickly and easily.

It is also necessary to know about the disadvantages of basement plaster, since the service life of both the basement and the entire structure depends on this. Among the main disadvantages of the material are the following:

Disadvantages of plastering

Lower strength than stone or tiles.
Not very long service life compared to other cladding materials.
Low thermal insulation properties.

In addition, it is impossible to use the wet method of applying plaster in frost, under the hot sun and during precipitation.

Requirements for basement plaster

In order for the protective coating to perform its functions, it is necessary to properly prepare and apply the plaster mixture. In addition, the basement plaster must have certain qualities:

High resistance to moisture. Any water, atmospheric or melt, tends to accumulate near the bottom of the house. In addition, it contains many aggressive chemical compounds. Consequently, water constantly has a negative impact on the base of the structure. The plastered surface must resist this factor and prevent moisture from entering the plinth.
Increased strength. In addition to water, the base can be exposed to mechanical stress. Base plaster must reliably protect the surface from this negative factor.
Frost resistance. The plaster mix must retain its qualities even under conditions of regular thawing and freezing.
UV resistant. In summer, all surfaces are exposed to the harmful effects of sunlight. The plaster for the plinth must withstand UV light without compromising the strength characteristics.
Resistance to microorganisms. Fungi, bacteria, insects and plants can cause biological corrosion. Basement plaster should be a reliable obstacle in the path of this defeat.

Choosing a solution for plastering

The basement is the outer part of the house, therefore, the mortar should be intended for finishing buildings from the outside. In accordance with this, we can say that the plaster mixture for finishing the basement should be prepared on the basis of cement and sand. In addition to these main components, various plasticizers and waterproofing components can be added to the solution.

The amount of sand and cement must also be selected according to specific parameters. The optimal proportion of these components in a solution for plastering a basement is considered to be the following ratio: for one part of M400 grade cements, three parts of sifted quarry sand are taken. The volume of water in each case is selected individually.

It is important that the solution has the consistency of thick sour cream.

Stages of applying the plaster mixture to the surface of the base

High-quality application of plaster largely depends on adherence to the rules of work. Plastering should be carried out in several stages.

Surface preparation

At this stage, the surface is examined and problem areas are identified. If the plinth is made of bricks or blocks, the seams must be thoroughly cleaned. Existing cracks in the monolithic tape are widened and deepened to remove weak points. In both cases, at the end of the work, it is necessary to sweep the entire surface with a stiff brush.

Preparing the surface

After that, the plinth is covered with a layer of deep penetration primer. This compound will strengthen the base, bind the remaining dust and increase the adhesion of the plaster to the surface. Seams, cracks and chips are coated with a primer more thoroughly.

The primer can be replaced with a grout which should be applied by spraying with a brush.

Leave the surface until the primer or cement mortar is completely dry.

Surface plastering

At this stage, it is also important to follow the sequence in work:

Seams, cracks and depressions are filled with a prepared plastering solution.
A metal reinforcing mesh is mounted. This will make the plaster more reliable and durable. Fastening is recommended using dowels with wide heads. There should be about 20 fasteners per square meter of surface.
Move on to placing beacons. To do this, stepping back 0.3 m from the corners, screws are screwed into the wall. The upper and lower screws on both sides of the wall are connected with a vertical thread. Next, connect the upper and lower screws with a horizontal thread. In this case, the distance of the thread from the wall should be at least 2 cm. Beacons from a metal profile are placed along the horizontal threads, placing them at a distance of about 1.5 meters. The beacons are fixed with cement mortar and are waiting for them to solidify. After that, you can proceed to the next stage.
The surface between the beacons is thrown with a plastering solution and leveled using a rule, guiding it along the beacons. The actions are repeated until the surface is completely plastered.
After 6 hours, it is necessary to remove the beacons, fill the formed recesses with plaster, and wipe the surface with a plaster float.
If you leave the lighthouses, then rusty spots may appear at their location.

The final stage

Further steps are carried out depending on the chosen method of decorative finishing, since the cladding requires the surface to be properly dried.

The plinth is covered with plastic wrap to protect it from precipitation and sunlight, and left for two to three weeks. During the drying process, the surface must be periodically moistened with water. This is best done twice a day. The dried surface of the plinth is covered with a layer of primer and cladding is performed.

Decorative plaster of a plinth for a stone

As a decorative finish of the basement, you can use stone cladding. This decor can be made with your own hands.

For work, you will need a sand-cement mortar prepared from one part of M400 grade cement, three parts of washed open pit sand and water. The finished mixture should have a thick consistency so that the mass is more conveniently applied to the wall.

The thickness of the decorative layer depends on the selected type of masonry. For example, to imitate bricks or blocks, a thickness of 0.5-1 cm is sufficient.To create a torn rubble, small stone or bare stone, the layer thickness can reach 3 cm.

The process of creating decorative elements can be performed in two ways:

Using stencils. For this, the workpieces are applied to the plastered surface and tapped. The stencil is removed and the seams are widened. The result is straight lines of the pattern.
Cutting method. The shape of the stones is cut into the solution using a sharp instrument. Creation of larger elements and giving them a rounded shape is done by hand.

After creating the required pattern, the surface is left to dry completely. Then cover with a layer of primer and paint. For these purposes, you can use any paint for outdoor use.

Wet facade plastering

Wet facade plaster is an alternative to conventional ventilated facades. For its manufacture, special mixtures are used, which contain water.

Wet facade plaster is applied using the following technology:

Substrate preparation: leveling and cleaning the surface, as well as eliminating existing defects. At the same stage, the surface is covered with a layer of primer.
Installation of the basement profile: at a height of 30 cm from the ground, a metal profile is attached to the basement using self-tapping screws. It is necessary for additional support of the insulation, as well as to protect it from soil moisture.
Installation of insulation: using a suitable adhesive, the insulation is attached to the surface of the base and left for three days for the glue to set. After the adhesive layer has dried, additional reinforcement with dowels can be performed.
Application of a reinforcing layer: a special adhesive is applied to the insulation in a thick layer, a reinforcing mesh is installed and a second layer of glue is applied. Fast work at this stage allows you to create a solid two-layer monolith. To dry the surface, you need to wait about a week.
Finishing: decorative plaster is applied to completely dried adhesive.

Plastering the basement will not only protect it from negative atmospheric phenomena, but also make the appearance of the entire structure aesthetic and attractive.

Tags: Base

stroykarecept.ru

How to plaster the basement of a house with your own hands. Instruction 👍

The basement is the lower part of the building to the floor of the first floor. As a rule, it protrudes beyond the plane of the bearing wall, forming a step. It often acts as a building envelope for basements or semi-basements.

In cottage construction, the basement is assembled from reinforced concrete foundation blocks, monolithic concrete or red ceramic bricks. These materials need protection from rain, snow, seasonal temperature changes, and they should not stand out against the background of the facade. Therefore, in most cases, do-it-yourself plastering of the foundation of the house is performed.

Short description

Plastering a basement or a wet facade is the application of a cement-sand or other coating that performs protective and decorative functions:

Protective. The plaster layer alone or as part of a more complex coating (stone, ceramic granite, embossed plaster, insulation) partially or completely protects the surface from mechanical damage, freezing. It creates a water-repellent barrier, protects against the formation of fungus, Plaster does not transmit ultraviolet rays.
Decorative. Mosaic plaster for the basement hides all the flaws and irregularities, decorates the facade of the house. It helps to create a uniform color and stylistic composition.

Advantages and disadvantages

Plastering the basement is the most demanded method, but like any construction technology, it has a number of advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages

The plaster can be applied both on a clean surface and on insulation.
The plaster mix is easy to prepare at home, you can buy ready-made in bags. No special and expensive tools are required for application. All work can be done by hand.
Huge selection of dry textured plaster mixes. The finished surface can be painted in any color, which allows you to create a unique facade for each home.
High vapor permeability coefficient. The walls breathe without accumulating moisture in the thickness of the building structure.
Affordable price. Acceptable prices for material and work per square meter.

Flaws

The service life of a plastered base is much shorter than that of a stone one.
In some cases, the plaster layer is not strong enough. It can be destroyed or damaged. Even a small chip or crack gets water, which gradually destroys the plaster layer.
Ordinary cement-sand mortar absorbs moisture. Ready-made complex plaster mixes have a lower moisture absorption coefficient, but still not sufficient. Therefore, the finished surface is painted with special facade water-based paints.
In its pure form, the plaster freezes. There are heat-insulating types of plaster mix, but they do not give a good result without the use of sheet insulation.

Kinds

What is the best plaster for the basement. There is no direct and unambiguous answer to this undergrowth. Plaster mixes can be divided according to the composition and texture of the finished surface.

An example of textured plaster

According to their composition, they are subdivided:

Plaster based on Portland cement and sand. Inexpensive material that is used for the first leveling layer, exclusively on a clean stone or concrete base. It is also possible to plaster the basement on a grid and then apply a second finishing layer or paint it with facade paint. You can buy a ready-made mixture or mix the mortar directly on the construction site.
Plaster based on Portland cement with additives that allow it to be applied to surfaces sheathed with basalt mineral wool or foam. It is used to obtain a base layer or as the only finishing material.
Acrylic resin based plaster. It can be applied both on a clean concrete or brick surface, and used for the "wet facade" technology. It is moisture resistant and does not crack from seasonal temperature fluctuations. Due to the presence of mica, small stones or linen fibers in the composition, it is suitable for creating a decorative textured surface.
Silicone plaster. The most expensive and high quality material. It is elastic and durable, does not collapse from the action of shrinkage deformation and seasonal temperature fluctuations. She has a high coefficient of vapor permeability, which allows the base to "breathe". It is used only for finishing decorative facade coating.

By invoice

Classic smooth

The first base leveling layer is made of cement-sand or with plaster additives. The second layer of finishing facade putty. Then the base is painted.

Decorative

A more effective option. Due to additives in the composition of the solution or mechanical action on the surface, a relief pattern is obtained. There are several types:

"Bark beetle". A highly sought-after finish for plinths. After application, an original surface is obtained, covered with fine grooves;
A composition that imitates a surface covered with granite or marble chips;
"Lamb". The surface of the base is rough to the touch;
"Venetian", After application, the effect of facing the basement with large pieces of marble is created.

Under the stone

Consists of natural binders, plasticizers and natural stone filler. To imitate different types of natural stone, a fine or medium-sized filler is used. The finished surface is very durable, protects the base from getting wet and mechanical damage.

Application technology

Plastering a plinth is available to everyone. You can do it yourself. The main stages of work are the same when using different materials, the set of tools is also the same.

Consider several options for plastering the basement of a residential building.

Under the stone

Do-it-yourself plastering of a basement under a stone consists of several stages:

Preparatory work. These include the application of a base layer of plaster to the base / plinth surface. All deep potholes and irregularities are repaired before application. Then the surface is treated with deep penetration soil, which dries for 3-4 hours. The base plaster coat is applied over a clean surface or over a mesh. It all depends on the roughness of the surface.
If the difference between the top and bottom of the basement is insignificant, then a layer of plaster without a grid with a thickness of 20-30 mm is sufficient.
If the difference between the top and bottom of the base is visually noticeable, then a galvanized stack with a mesh size of 25-25 mm is used.
The base surface is treated with deep penetration primer.
A finishing layer of plaster is applied under the stone with a thickness of 10-30 mm. The solution is mixed in a wide bucket using a mixer or perforator with a special attachment.

The masonry pattern can be chaotic or regular.

To obtain a surface from wild stone, the mixture is applied in small areas and compacted with a trowel. After setting, the plastered area is processed with a float.

With the help of a decorative plaster mixture and a chisel, an imitation of the surface cladding is created with pieces of stone of the correct or wrong size.

Basement of a house with a "wet" facade

In this case, the base is pre-insulated with foam or basalt mineral wool. They are mounted on a base / plinth profile for a wet façade.

Base coat application. Plastering is always done over a fiberglass mesh. It is attached to the mortar and then sealed with a plaster mixture. For finishing the insulated basement, a simple cement mortar is not used. Ready-made mixtures with additives are used;
Application of the second layer. The surface of the base is treated with soil. Then decorative or smooth plaster is applied. The thickness of the layer of decorative plaster is 10 mm;
The finished base / plinth of the wet facade is painted. Paint in darker colors is often used than for the base surface.

Plastering the plinth for tiles

Finishing a basement with a plaster mixture is a good way to quickly, efficiently and inexpensively equip a basement at home. It is necessary to follow the instructions and recommendations of the manufacturers of finishing materials, as well as to carry out the work under acceptable weather conditions. The end result is a beautifully executed and durable base for your home.

than plastering is better, video, photo

Plastering a plinth is a time-tested method of coating a building structure, which allows you to strengthen, decorate and protect the plinth from environmental influences. We will tell you how to properly plaster the basement at home and give some important and useful tips for applying the mortar.

Plastering the basement of a house with your own hands is a proven way of finishing the facade.

Base plaster

Peculiarities

The photo shows that the layer thickness should be significant.

The basement is a critical part of the supporting structure of the house, which is subjected to heavy loads and performs many important functions, including the distribution of the mass of the structure on the foundation. Unlike the foundation, the basement is located above the ground and is not protected from moisture, wind, solar radiation and temperature extremes, so it needs additional protection.

Various types of finishes are used as such protection:

Stone cladding;
Facing with porcelain stoneware;
Tiling;
Finishing with siding or other type of hinged structure;
Sheathing with clapboard or blockhouse;
Plaster.

The plaster is well compatible with other finishes.

In order for the coating to perform its functions, it must meet the following requirements:

Durability and reliability... The basement is subject to a large number of destructive factors, including mechanical ones, for protection from which a reliable and durable finishing layer is required;
Moisture resistance. The structure is constantly moistened by rain, snow, melt water, and other types of precipitation and must withstand this kind of impact for a long time without problems;
Frost resistance... Over the life of the base / plinth coating, it will experience numerous freeze-thaw cycles;
Resistance to various types of biological corrosion: exposure to insects, bacteria, fungi, plants and animals should not affect the integrity and quality of the finish;
Resistant to chemical and electrochemical corrosion;
Resistance to solar radiation in the entire spectral range.

The trim protects the structure.

Important! In addition to the listed requirements, it is equally important to insulate the structure from the outside, as this will significantly extend its service life and increase the overall energy efficiency of the house.

Based on all that has been said, we can determine the features that plaster for the basement should have:

A thick layer will provide better protection and thermal insulation;
A cement base will create a durable, moisture-resistant finish;
It is better to apply the material in two layers, and decorative plaster for the basement of the house is used for the topcoat;
Reinforcement will create a durable and durable coating that will not crack and fall off.

The plastering of the plinth must be done according to the requirements.

Important! For facing the basement gap, it is better to use an ordinary cement-sand mortar together with a finishing finish with a decorative compound for facade work.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like any coating, plaster has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages of plastering include the following features:

Relatively low cost of materials and work;
Simple manual installation without the use of complex techniques, tools or devices;
The effectiveness and reliability of the coating has been proven over many centuries of its use;
Possibility of simple repair;
A wide range of colors and decorations using paint, relief or design.

The use of all kinds of decorative means allows you to create beautiful and original facades.

If we talk about the finishing of basement structures, then the presence of special requirements for its properties reveals a number of disadvantages of plastering, to which it is customary to include such qualities:

Insufficient strength compared to stone or tiles;
Compared to other types of finishes, the service life of the coating is short;
Insufficient degree of thermal insulation;
Permeability to water and moisture;
Fear of constant freezing and thawing cycles, gradual loss of strength and surface quality;
Wet application excludes work at negative temperatures, direct sunlight and during precipitation.

Over time, the coating may collapse.

Important! Despite the presence of quite significant drawbacks, especially in comparison with other types of cladding, plaster continues to be actively used by millions of builders around the world. This coating has proven itself well during use, so many people prefer it.

Installation

Cement-sand mortar is the best way to plaster the basement of the house.

Now it's time to tell you how to plaster the basement of a house.

For convenience, this will not be just a story, but a step-by-step instruction:

We free the basement gap from old coatings, dirt, dust, oil stains and other unnecessary layers, after which we treat it with a primer;

We clean and prime the structure.

We fill the plaster mesh on the structure with the help of dowels with wide heads, at least 16 fasteners should fall on one square meter, preferably 20;

We fill the gap with a mesh-netting.

At a distance of 30 cm from the corners of the wall, we screw the screws into it, onto which we cling to the plumb lines. We wind the thread from below in a vertical position onto other screws, obtaining two pairs of screws along the edges of the wall with a vertical thread stretched between them. We connect the upper and lower screws with horizontal threads and ensure that the distance between them and the wall surface is at least 2 cm;

We mark the plane with threads and plumb lines.

Along the threads we expose beacons from a steel profile with a step of 1.2 - 5 meters, the distance to the corners is 30 cm. We fix the beacons with the help of cement mortar and wait for them to solidify;

We install beacons on the solution.

We throw a cement-sand mortar on the wall between the lighthouses with the help of a ladle, which we then level with the rule according to the lighthouses;

We throw the mortar on the wall and level it with the rule.

We throw the entire wall and wait at least 6 hours, then remove the beacons and rub the surface with a plaster float. We cover the base with plastic wrap and wait 2 weeks, periodically (2 - 3 times a day) moistening it with water;

We rub the surface with a float.

We prime the matured plaster base and cover it with a layer of facade decorative plaster, which is applied with a spatula or trowel like a putty.

We complete the finishing by applying a finishing layer of facade decorative plaster.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to accelerate the process of solidification and ripening of the solution using any artificial methods.

Conclusion

Facing the basement structure is a necessary and important measure that can be carried out using plastering. We talked about how and how to plaster the base, and the video in this article further illustrates our story.

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nashaotdelka.ru

features of various types of finishes, a step-by-step technique

To begin with, let's figure out the concept of "basement" in construction. A basement is a part of the foundation of any structure that rises above the soil surface.

It turns out that it is an intermediate part between the walls and the foundation foundation buried in the ground.

The basement structural element performs important functions:

Prevents wind-air penetration into the underground;

Blocks the capillary ascent of moisture to the walls.

A decorative function is also important, which is capable of disfiguring a building or, on the contrary, creating a neatly decorated general appearance. A neatly executed plinth section can add seriousness, creativity and solidity to a business building or residential building.

The simplest and, with a high-quality performance, is effective finishing by plastering the main surface. A properly plastered plinth significantly improves the aesthetics of the structure and allows for increased moisture protection.

Let us consider in more detail the competent technology for plastering the basement of the building.

Preparation for plastering

The basement part of the structure can be not only an extending foundation monolith, but also various built-on structures made of other materials (foam fiber block, brick, etc.). For each version of the basement, the preparatory measures will differ.

1. Brick base

Its peculiarity lies in the presence of suture gaps filled with cement mortar. After a while, the solution begins to actively dry out and crumble, which is manifested by the presence of cracks and significant gaps.

Here, each seam gap must be scrupulously cleaned, with the obligatory cleaning of all, even weakly adhering, particles or fragments. This is easy to do with a narrow-size spatula, chamfering with a hand-held screwdriver, or vigorous sweeping with a metal-bristled brush.

After removing the destroyed fixing solution, the gaps formed between the bricks must be cleaned out, sweeping away debris, sand and dust.

Watch the video how to prepare a plaster mortar for finishing the basement

2. Rubble concrete base

Here, the preparatory stage is parallel to the processing of bricks. However, the emphasis is to increase the strength of fixing the stones placed on the basement (foundation) part of the house. When swaying elements are identified, they should be dismantled, cleaned and immediately returned to their place, after processing with a cement-sand mixture-fixative freshly prepared in place. This need is due to the loss of strength of the old rubble concrete masonry, which loses its load-bearing stability, which is fraught with deformation changes in the base of the house.

3. Concrete-cement plinth

If during the control examination defects (deep cracks) are detected, it is necessary to check the degree of strength of their edges. Crumbling, weak areas must be demolished to a solid foundation and the resulting debris must be removed. In the event of a partial displacement of the foundation structure, it is necessary to reinforce the base. When the defects are small, it is possible to apply the technology of leveling with a classic cement mortar, which can be carried out during finishing work on the basement of the building.

Concrete surface priming process

A high-quality result can only be obtained with deeply penetrating primers. To process the base, it is necessary to thoroughly purchase the material so that it is enough for the entire surface area. Also, take into account the fact of a two-layer application of the primer before plastering and immediately before painting (or an alternative finish).

Recommendation! Before painting, use only a façade primer with maximum sinking ability!

Some homeowners deliberately ignore these steps, believing that priming is unnecessary. Of course, this decision is wrong. If the technology for applying the plaster mixture stipulated by the rules is observed, the operational period of the service of such a finishing and covering layer is significantly increased. The unpleasant sight (after a few years) of a cracking and flaking finishing solution can be prevented by the obligatory priming of the basement.

Which primer should you choose?

Definitely, you need to purchase and use deep penetration solutions. The directed purpose of such compositions is to penetrate as deeply as possible into the surface with its attendant strengthening.

When plastering the basement with lime compounds, traces of finishing remain on the main surface of the concrete or brick. Such a mixture is loosened and creates a significant obstacle for the adhesive bonding of the newly laid layer of plaster mass.

Here, it is practically impossible to do without a special primer (alkyd) for deep penetration. The composition will fix an unreliable lime-porous surface, eliminate "chalky" manifestations, become a binding component for old and new compound mixtures.

A deep structural penetration primer with water repellency is best preferred. For the basement of any building, this will provide additional protective waterproofing. On the packaging container there should be an inscription, approximately: "Facade primer (water-repellent)" or "Primer for the production of external finishing". Such good categories include Beto-kontakt or Knauf-Izogrunt products.

In order for the painting to be carried out evenly, to obtain a uniform, visually attractive surface without dripping, it is necessary to use a special acrylic primer.

Depending on the base base and the component composition of the paint, it is recommended to use:

- "Proacryl-Contact" or "Acrylate-Grunt" - for decorating mixtures on the basis of acrylic;

- "Proacryl-Grunt" or "Facade-Grunt" - for paints created on a water base.

Method for preparing plaster mortar for basement finishing

Attention! For finishing the basement surface, you can only use a cement mixture, not lime or gypsum!

To create a durable, optimally strong plaster layer, the mortar proportions must necessarily correspond to the recipe: 1.0 part of cement (binder) M-400 or a large grade plus 3.0 parts of fine refined sand. The last ingredient must be carefully sifted, refined and certainly mined in quarries. Sand of river origin is not entirely suitable due to its fine grain size, which will not provide the proper density of the base of the plaster layer.

It is required to make the mixture more plastic so that the application is easier, and the surface is smooth and even. Certain plasticizing additives help to optimize the properties of the composition. In parallel, color pigments can be included in the composition, which can give the basement "belt" of the house the necessary color and form an additional decoration of the building.

Important! It is desirable to improve the plaster mortar with additives that make it waterproof. The facade of the building is in regular contact with adversely aggressive environmental factors (hail, rain, snow, wind gusts, etc.)!

The basement part of the building, "closed" with a waterproof finish, will last much longer and retain its aesthetically pleasing appearance.

Cement mortar for finishing

The correct technology for preparing a mixture for plastering consists of the following stages:

The sand is carefully sieved;

The required amount of cement is introduced and mixed with sand;

Pigment additives are added;

Additional additives are dissolved in a measured amount of water and a prepared dry mixture is added;

The composition is kneaded until the desired consistency is obtained (thick sour cream).

Explanation! When it is not possible to prepare the composition on your own, or there is time, you can purchase a dry mixture prepared in production. An excellent variant of the M-150, although when diluting it, additional addition of some components may be required!

Step-by-step technique for applying plaster to the basement surface

Plastering the surface of the basement is carried out in stages, according to the following scheme:

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composition of the solution and stages of work

Over time, any foundation begins to collapse, especially if it is made of bricks or blocks. Chips and cracks appear on them, the cement mortar is washed out from the rains and dries up. Therefore, each owner seeks to protect the foundation of his house so that it lasts as long as possible. The main assistant in this situation is the plaster of the foundation.

Slab foundation diagram.

This cover is always easy to renew or repair. However, there is a significant difference between indoor and outdoor plastering. In order to properly apply the covering composition, you should know the rules for working and preparing the mixture. In addition to the protective function, plaster also performs an aesthetic one. The plinth with a decorative embossed coating looks presentable. Color pigment can be added to the cement composition and thereby greatly decorate the building.

How to prepare the foundation for plastering?

Thermal insulation plaster scheme.

if the base is lined with blocks or bricks, the seams should be cleaned. With a narrow spatula or other suitable tool, a dry cement-sand mortar is removed from each recess. After that, with a brush with stiff bristles, you need to thoroughly "sweep" the debris, sand and dust;
if the house is on a concrete tape, then during its operation, small and rather deep cracks can form on the foundation. Here, the preparation for applying the plaster is somewhat different: all the gaps should be gouged, that is, the edges of the cracks should be destroyed as much as concrete lends itself to it. Thus, all weak points will be eliminated and a solid foundation will remain. Then the cracks are carefully swept out with a dry brush;
preparation of any foundation implies obligatory priming with a deep penetration compound. These fluids are available in different capacities and are inexpensive. But if it is not possible to buy a primer to treat the entire foundation, it will be enough to apply the composition to the cracks and places of chips. This must be done, as the plaster mortar will more reliably "grab" the surface of the base;
if over time the foundation has deformed and ledges have appeared (small, not requiring radical measures - tightening and installing concrete clips), then the tape can be leveled with plaster. But first you need to remove the protrusions as much as possible.

Plastering the basement and foundation of the structure is designed to perform several tasks at once. Such works make it possible to obtain high-quality protection of the base from an aggressive environment, extend the operational life of the structure and can become a real decoration of the exterior of home ownership.

The main plastering is carried out by means of cement mortar, on top of which decorative layers are often applied.

Therefore, such a vapor-permeable material must have a high adhesion coefficient and good strength, as well as meet the following basic requirements, including:

the presence of sufficient biochemical resistance;
high rates of fire safety;
increased hydrophobic qualities;
resistance to low temperature conditions and ultraviolet light;
durability and environmental safety;
ease of use and ease of independent work.

Correctly selected and high-quality basement plaster mix allows not only to imitate the texture of almost any finishing material, but also serve as an additional protection to the main layer.

Main types

Currently, there are various materials suitable for cladding the basement of the building, but due to its durability, reliability and quality, it is the plaster that occupies a leading position.

Acrylic plaster of Leningrad NPP "Classic Velor"
Acrylic plaster LNPP "Aurora"

Type of plaster mix	Characteristics and features	Standard flow rate
Mineral mixture based on white cement	It does not have sufficient elasticity and can crack, it makes it possible to obtain a vapor-permeable coating, which is rather easily contaminated. In addition, this species is characterized by a poorer color range.	On average, it can vary between 1.5-4.5 kg / m2.
Acrylic mixture based on acrylic resin.	It has good elasticity, which minimizes the risk of cracking, has sufficient resistance to the effects of mechanical properties, is represented by a rich and stable coloration, but is characterized by insufficient vapor permeability.	On average, it can vary between 1.5-4.0 kg / m2.
Silicate or silicon mixture based on liquid potassium glass.	It is resistant to mechanical damage, has good steam permeability, has a rich color palette and is highly resistant to mold and mildew. However, the composition is quite difficult to apply, and the presence of alkali makes it not safe for people.
Polysilicate or polysilicon mixture with the addition of silicone resin.	An elastic and UV-resistant composition, it is easy to apply to the surface and is quite safe to work with, but has a low resistance to mold.	On average, it can vary between 2.0-4.0 kg / m2.
Silicone mixture based on silicone resin.	The created layers are resistant to mechanical damage, have excellent vapor permeability, are easy to clean and are available in a very rich color range.	On average, it can vary between 1.7-2.4 kg / m2.

Prices for various types of decorative plaster

Decorative plaster

Independent production of plaster mix

Traditionally, the most popular among domestic developers and an inexpensive option for basement plaster are a variety of mixtures, which are based on cement and sand. To make such a working solution for plastering the basement of the building yourself, you will need to purchase the following materials:

medium-grained sand, sifted through a fine-mesh metal sieve;
cement mixture of the M400 or M500 brand;
pure water.

The standard ratio for a part of M400 cement is three parts sand. When using the M500 brand, you will need not three, four parts of sifted sand. The amount of water is selected individually, but the finished working solution must necessarily be completely homogeneous, with a characteristic creamy consistency. To increase plasticity, it is recommended to supplement the solution with PVA glue or polymer dispersion.

If necessary, special coloring pigments are added to obtain a decorative plastered surface.

Step 1. We sift river or high-quality construction sand in the required amount through a mesh metal sieve.

Step 2. Add the required amount of cement to the sifted sand, gradually mixing both bulk ingredients. If dry coloring pigments are used, they are also added at this stage of the work.

Powder paint prices

Powder paints

Step 3. If water-soluble dyes are to be used, then they should be diluted in water, observing the proportion according to the instructions attached by the manufacturer, and then gradually add to the mixture of bulk components.

Step 4. Add the remaining volume of water to the mixture based on loose components and thoroughly mix the plaster solution, bringing it to the state of thick sour cream.

Surface preparation

The basement of any structure is often not only a monolith extending the foundation base, but can also be represented by various superstructured structures made of foam fiber blocks or bricks. Depending on the version of the basement part, the preparatory measures will have some differences that must be taken into account in order to obtain the highest quality and durable plastered surface.

Preparation of a brick base

A feature of the preparation of this type of base surface is the presence of a joint space, which is filled with cement mortar. After a certain period of time, such a solution actively dries up and crumbles, which can manifest itself in the formation of cracks of different sizes, and also sometimes even very significant in depth and width gaps.

At the stage of preparing a brick base, it is very important to thoroughly clean and remove all chipped or weakly adhering particles and fragments with the help of a narrow construction brush and a brush with metal bristles. All crevices formed as a result of such work must be completely cleaned out, removing small elements, sand and a layer of dust.

Preparation of rubble concrete base

This version of the surface will also require careful preliminary preparation, which will consist in the removal of poorly fixed and heavily worn fragments of masonry, as well as their competent replacement. The loose element is subject to mandatory dismantling, high-quality cleaning and return to its original place, with fixation on a standard cement-sand mixture.

Preparation of concrete-cement base

If, in the process of visual inspection of the concrete-cement basement part, it was possible to identify defects in the form of deep cracks, then it is very important to check the strength of their edges and carefully remove all parts that crumble or crumble. If there are signs of even a partial displacement of the foundation, it is reinforced. Small cracks and potholes after preliminary cleaning are smoothed out with ordinary cement mixture.

Performing priming

It is possible to obtain a durable and high-quality plaster coating only with the correct application of a deep-penetrating primer in two layers. If it is supposed to paint the basement, then only a facade primer is used for processing, which has the maximum drooping ability. Only the use of high-quality materials and compliance with technological requirements for preliminary preparation of the base for plastering can significantly increase the period of operation and improve the appearance.

If further decorative finishing work is planned, then it is advisable to give preference to a facade adhesive or acrylic-based primer.

Type of primer composition	Features and characteristics
Alkyd type, deep penetration	The composition is suitable for the treatment of brick or concrete base, previously covered with plaster based on lime.
Deep penetration with water-repellent effect	Best suited for brick plinths on prefabricated foundations and allows for additional waterproofing.
Primer for painting	The composition contributes to the uniform distribution of the coloring composition and can be presented as an acrylic or water base.

Front primer prices

Front primer

Plastering tool

In order to correctly perform plastering work on the basement of the building, it is necessary to prepare in advance not only consumables, but also the entire set of tools through which measures will be taken to apply mixtures:

construction trowels of different sizes or trowel;
construction beacons;
metal grid;
lacing for marking;
container for the working solution.

Plastering technology

It is not difficult to carry out standard plastering measures on your own, but you need to take into account some of the features of the basement of the building, as well as adhere to the basic rules of the technology for performing such work.

Step 1. We apply notches on the surface, contributing to the best adhesion of the plaster mortar to the basement surface. To this end, it is necessary to make notches with a depth of a couple of millimeters using a metal object with a sharp tip.

Step 2. If necessary, we clean out all large cracks and make a high-quality leveling of all protrusions on the surface under the plaster, and also apply a second layer of primer solution.

Step 3. If it is assumed that the basement part is preliminarily insulated, then by means of frost-resistant mounting foam we fix the insulation in the form of sheet polystyrene on the surface.

Step 4. Using special dowels, a chain-link mesh with cells measuring 20 x 20 mm is installed.

Step 5. We expose "beacons" that allow not only alignment. foundation, but also facilitate the plastering of the basement. For this purpose, we draw the lines of the boundaries of the plaster layer according to the level, and on the corner part and every couple of meters we set vertically directed pins, between which the threads are also pulled.

Step 6. On the pegs we throw the solution down to the threads, after which we set the "beacons" by pressing into the mixture.

At the final stage, the plaster mixture, which has slightly "seized" on the basement surface, must be very carefully and accurately leveled.

Plaster hopper bucket prices

Hopper bucket for plaster

Features of decorative finishes

All further activities will depend on how it is supposed to give the structure's basement attractiveness and durability. As a rule, coloring compositions are used as a finishing finishing material, as well as facing tiles and decorative embossed plasters, therefore, it is necessary to dry the starting layer competently, using a waterproof film coating that can protect the surface from rain and sun for three weeks. At the drying stage, the surface must be moistened with clean water twice every day.

Decorating a basement by creating a relief surface using a pre-made stencil is very popular and in demand, when printed, it will be possible to get a drawing that imitates a stone or brickwork. It is fashionable to apply the same pattern with a long and thin object, making grooves in the still fresh plastered surface.

It is important to note that the full drying of the plastered surface takes about three weeks, after which priming and finishing can be carried out with coloring compositions, but it is strictly forbidden to artificially accelerate drying, using heat guns, building hair dryers or other equipment for this purpose.

Video - Cement plaster Volma Base

Video - Plastering foundation "under the stone"

Before plastering the base of the foundation, you must clearly understand what it is for. The basement is the supporting structure of the building, often protrudes beyond the plane of the wall, and is made of concrete or brick.

Classic plastering with cement-sand mortar (CP) allows you to level the side surfaces, to make a slope of the upper part for installing ebbs. The technology of a wet facade is more expensive, but the basement ceases to be a cold bridge, heat losses in the ceilings and floors of the lower floor are reduced.

In order to properly plaster the outer surfaces of the foundation elements protruding above the ground, it is necessary to take into account the features of the technology:

work is carried out in several stages - preparation, beacons, spraying, soil, covering;
on each of them, the proportions and consistency of the solution are different;
the minimum layer thickness is 1 cm;
optimal air temperature +5 - +20 degrees;
cement-sand mortar has low plasticity, therefore lime can be added;
you can use solution beacons or a special galvanized profile;
jointing under the stone is carried out at the last stage (if necessary).

Important! Plastering house structures with CPU mixture is a budget option. However, the master will require plastering skills in the manufacture of the leveling layer.

Preparatory work

To increase adhesion, the foundation must be cleaned, then check the horizontal top edge of the basement. Plastering is performed to protect brickwork or concrete structures from getting wet, leveling surfaces. In this case, one should take into account:

the outer surface of the base must be strictly vertical;
the upper edge of the protruding base should have a slope for attaching the ebbs;
plastering two mating surfaces in one step is impossible;
first, the solution is applied to one of them, the alignment of the second plane is possible only after the mixture has hardened.

With a significant thickness of the plaster layer and insufficient strength of the surfaces, galvanized or polymer nets are used to increase the service life of the leveling coating. They cover the surface of the base, the material is fixed with dowels with wide washers. A 10 cm overlap is created at the joints, a double layer is usually used at the corners. The sequence of actions after attaching the reinforcing meshes is as follows:

Advice! Instead of wooden plaster beacons, you can use a special galvanized beacon profile, which is fixed with dowels to the plinth through gaskets.

Thus, a surface limited by boards is obtained, which must be filled with mortar in three stages. Beacons make it easier to level the mixture in a common plane. You can proceed to the next stage after the solution has completely hardened.

Splashing

In order for the solution to adhere qualitatively to the vertical surface of the basement of the house, the wall is sprayed with a solution with the following proportions of plaster:

CP composition - 3 sand / 1 cement by weight;
consistency - creamy;
layer thickness - 4 mm;
or a cement-lime composition - 0.5 lime / 1 cement.

Spraying with liquid solution

Advice! To increase the adhesion of the foundation with the plaster solution, the surface must be treated with an acrylic or water-based primer.

The spraying technology is as follows:

a small amount of a creamy solution is placed on a falcon or half-grain;
the master holds the tool with the plaster solution in one hand;
picks up a little mixture with a trowel in the second hand, throws it between the beacons until the surface of the house structure is evenly covered.

Important! The spray does not level out on the plinth, the above proportions of CP or cement-lime composition ensure minimal slurry slippage.

Priming

During the setting of the spray, a plaster solution is prepared for the primer layer. Its proportions differ from the previous one:

CP composition - 2.5 sand / 1 cement;
consistency - pasty;
layer thickness - 1 - 3 cm;
proportions of cement-lime plaster mortar - 3 sand / 1 lime / 1 cement.

Important! Unlike spraying, this layer can be covered with a trowel, ladle, or spread with a scraper, trowel or falcon on the surface of the basement of the house foundation.

Professionals prefer to throw the solution with a ladle, then leveling the solution with a rule or a scraper along the beacons. The home craftsman often spreads the mortar on the surface of the foundation of the house to avoid shedding the mixture.

The stage is intermediate, so you just need to lay the solution inside the lighthouses. Small numerous irregularities will be rubbed out later. To prevent the plaster from mixing with the ground and debris, roll waterproofing material is often placed close to the wall, rolling it along the working area.

Grout

By analogy with the previous stage, during the curing of the primer layer, the grout (cover) solution is mixed. For him, the proportions of the plaster are changed again:

CP mortar - 1.5 sand / 1 cement;
consistency - liquid sour cream;
layer thickness - 2 mm to fill the remaining irregularities;
proportions of cement-lime plaster - 2 sand / 1.5 lime / 1 cement.

The technology for grouting the basement of the house differs from the previous options:

10 minutes before the start of work, the surface of the foundation is moistened with a brush, spray to ensure solidity;
after spreading the mixture on the hardened primer layer, you need to level the surface with circular movements;
excess solution is collected and mixed in a bucket to increase plasticity. To avoid puttying, the cover is often made with a special mixture, adding gypsum to the lime dough.

In this way, all the side surfaces of the base are plastered, after which the boards are removed from the upper face, the foundation plane is leveled using the same technology.

If the basement of the house needs to be given stone texture, technology changes:

composition - crumbs of natural quartz, stone are added to the solution;
texture - grooves, grooves are created by trojans or scarpels immediately after laying the primer layer;
relief - after the plaster has hardened, the imitation of the stone is tapped with a bush hammer.

The sand and cement stone included in the composition are destroyed by this tool, crumbled, fanned with a brush. The exposed natural stone fractions provide a high-quality imitation of masonry foundations.

To receive you need to stone texture travertine, you need to do the following:

lay two layers of decorative plaster, which includes a fine fraction of natural filler;
create corrugated notches with a scarpel;
"Ruffle" the slightly dried solution with a metal brush;
smooth the edge of the trowel.

Then you need to treat the surface after 30 minutes with cement milk (iron technology).

Wet facade plastering

It is possible to completely eliminate heat loss in the floors of the lower floor only when the basement is insulated. The wet facade technology is as follows:

surface preparation - a "spider" of thin threads, horizontally and vertically, is attached to the plinth;
gluing insulation - sheets of extruded polystyrene foam are fixed with a special adhesive, the separation of vertical seams in adjacent rows is required;
additional fastening - after the glue dries, each sheet is additionally fixed with 5-6 dowels with umbrella caps (corners + center of the plate);
reinforcement - the surface is coated with special glue, into which a plastic mesh is embedded (first 1 layer of glue, then a mesh is embedded in it, a second layer of glue is applied on top of the mesh), there should be a 10 cm overlap at the joints of the cross-section, the corners are processed with a double layer;
finishing layer - paintable putty, decorative, textured plaster for outdoor use.

Important! The technology of a wet facade is more expensive, however, significant flatness defects are leveled out without problems, the cold bridge is completely eliminated.

Thus, the basement of the building can be plastered according to the classical technology in three layers along the lighthouses, or a wet facade can be made to insulate this power structure. At the protruding base, the upper plane must necessarily be protected by ebb tides.

If the above-ground part of the foundation is not protected from mechanical and atmospheric influences, it will gradually collapse. The formation of cracks and the washing out of the masonry mortar from the seams and joints will lead not only to a weakening of the structure, but also to the appearance of dampness in the house, and a deterioration of the microclimate in it.

Plastering the foundation with your own hands is the most effective and inexpensive way to avoid this, while at the same time giving the plinth a decorative look and ennobling the facade.

Before talking about how to plaster the foundation of a house, you need to understand how to do it, what composition to use. Here you need to take into account that the base carries a huge load. And the point is not that a building stands on it and presses with its weight - the foundation itself is responsible for this, and not its decoration.

Load in this case means the aggressive effect of the atmosphere - precipitation, temperature changes, sunlight, etc. As well as mechanical stress, which cannot be avoided due to the location of the structure.

Based on this, we can conclude that the plaster must be durable, resistant to moisture and other harmful environmental factors. The answer to the question of how to plaster the foundation is unequivocal: cement-based compositions. Only they have the listed characteristics.

Note. Silicate and silicone compounds also have excellent protective properties and strength characteristics. But their price in comparison with cement is very high, which entails high costs for finishing.

Ready-made base plasters

Manufacturers of dry building mixtures offer many ready-made compounds for finishing plinths. In addition to sand and cement, they include various additives: plasticizing, waterproofing, increasing frost resistance of plaster, etc.

Among the most popular are the following:

Volma-Base... Water- and crack-resistant high-strength fiber-reinforced plaster based on Portland cement.

Eunice Silin basement... Water-repellent, frost-resistant, weather-resistant cement mixture.

Sokelputz Knauf... High-quality base plaster with high adhesion properties. Waterproof, frost resistant.

In addition to the basic leveling, there are also cement plasters, with the help of which the plinth can be given a decorative look. They can have different colors and structures.

Decorative compositions are applied after the base layer has completely dried.

Homemade plaster basement

The most affordable and budgetary way to finish the foundation is to prepare a solution and plaster it with your own hands. In order for the coating to be of high quality and durable, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions of cement and sand and add water-repellent additives to the composition.

Advice. As such an additive, you can use PVA construction glue, which is added to the water for mixing. It imparts plasticity to the solution and improves its adhesion. A more modern tool is a dispersion of synthetic polymer Latex Profi, which is perfectly compatible with cement.

Instructions for preparing plaster mortar:

Sift dry quarry sand through a fine mesh metal mesh to get rid of dirt, plant residues and coarse fractions;
Pour it into a mixing container or concrete mixer;
Add cement. If it is M500, then the ratio should be 1: 4 (for 1 part of cement 4 parts of sand), and if M400, then 1: 3;
Mix the dry ingredients thoroughly so that the mixture acquires a uniform color without streaks and stains of clean cement;

Before preparing a solution for plastering the foundation, dilute waterproofing additives in clean water;
Add water, stirring the solution constantly to achieve the desired consistency. Its amount depends on the type of work: for the first primer layer, the solution must be liquid, and for the main covering layer - plastic, not fluid.

Note. It is necessary to prepare the solution after all the preparatory work for cleaning the foundation has been completed.

Stages of plaster

Before plastering the foundation of a house, you need to examine it for cracks, crumbling areas, deformation protrusions and other defects.

Preparatory work

Preparation of the foundation for plastering consists in removing poorly adhering materials from its surface. For example, if it is lined with bricks or blocks, you should clean the seams from the destroyed mortar. If it is a concrete tape with cracks, then they are embroidered in width and depth until they reach strong sections.

You also need to knock off all the protrusions so that you do not have to make a too thick leveling layer.

The final stage of preparation before plastering the foundation is its primer (see What a primer is for: technological nuances of finishing work). For this, it is advisable to purchase a special composition suitable for your base.

Main works

Now you can talk in detail about how to properly plaster the foundation. Compliance with this technology will allow you to get a durable and even coating, on which you can subsequently apply a decorative composition or stick tiles, natural stone, and other facing materials.

So:

Moisten all masonry joints, cracks and potholes with water and seal them with mortar, roughly leveling the surface;
Fasten a reinforcing mesh or a chain-link with small cells to the base. To do this, you can use special brackets or dowels with a wide head;

Using a level, draw a straight line along the foundation, departing from the most protruding part by 2-4 cm, install vertical long pegs along it;
Cover the gaps between the pegs and the plinth with mortar, constantly checking the vertical with a level. Let the resulting bumps dry well - you will get beacons along which it will be convenient to level the plaster;

After removing the pegs, moisten the entire surface with water from a spray bottle or spray with a broom, then apply a liquid primer cement mortar to it;
When the primer seizes, you can start leveling: a thick layer of a plastic working solution is poured onto the foundation with a trowel, which is leveled with a rule according to beacons;

Since it is necessary to plaster the foundation of the house so that it looks aesthetically pleasing, the finished surface should be wiped off. This is done after the plaster has started to set, but while it is still wet. To do this, use a wooden float on which you can install the mesh;
Immediately after grouting, if you wish, you can "embroider" the surface under a stone or under a brick by drawing grooves on it.

If you want to revet the basement with tiles or stone, then you need to wait until the plaster is completely dry, which will take about two weeks.

Advice. To ensure that the coating dries evenly and does not crack, cover it with plastic wrap and protect it from direct sunlight.

Conclusion

You can learn more about the process of plastering the foundation from the video in this article. In principle, this is not a difficult matter, minor flaws are quite acceptable, so even an amateur can handle it. The main thing is to observe the proportions in the manufacture of the solution and the technology of its application.

Regardless of what kind of foundation is made, sooner or later it will start to collapse anyway. Cracks and damage appear especially quickly on brick and block foundations. It's no secret that cement is short-lived. He is not able to resist the influence of rain, and therefore is quickly washed out. It goes without saying that every home owner thinks about protecting the foundation. In this case, plaster of the foundation will be the best defender, and plaster of the foundation with your own hands is quite within the power of everyone.

What are the positive sides of foundation plaster? First of all, of course, it is its easy renewal and simple repair. It is very important to remember that plastering the foundation and interior spaces are two completely different processes. In order for the plastering work to be carried out correctly, and the coating to serve for many years, it is necessary to know some secrets of the preparation of the plaster solution together with the rules for its application. It is worth noting that adding color pigment to the solution will further decorate the foundation.

What kind of cement slurry is needed?

Today, there are several options for solutions suitable for plastering work. Among them, solutions are distinguished based on:

Gypsum;
Clays;
Lime;
Sand;
Cement, etc.

It should be said that solutions with the first three additives in no case can be used for plastering the foundation, since they are intended for interior decoration. It is important to remember that plastering the foundation of a house, more precisely, its basement, can be carried out exclusively with a cement-based mortar.

What should be included in the solution? In this case, only plasticizers, as well as various waterproofing components, can serve as additives. Today it is not difficult to find such solutions - there are quite a few of them in hardware stores.

It is worth saying that at first glance, these solutions are practically no different from each other. However, if you look closely, you will notice a difference in the percentage of supplements. This difference is very important. So, for example, the most plastic solution is applied much easier and is ideal for the subsequent decoration of the foundation. Mixtures with a large amount of waterproofing additives are perfect for places with high humidity.

There is a rule of thumb that a cement to sand ratio of 1: 5 will be acceptable for plastering. However, this rule is incorrect, since such a solution for plastering the foundation will "crumble" after a while. The optimal proportion in this case is 1: 3, while it is important to remember that sand can be used exclusively quarry, and sieved. The volume of water is selected individually each time. So, for the primer layer, liquid plaster is quite suitable, while for the covering layer - plastic, sour cream type.

Preparation of the solution

The preparation of the solution includes five stages:

Foundation preparation

Plastering the foundation with your own hands is not difficult, but painstaking. In order to properly and correctly apply the plaster, the foundation must be prepared in advance. In this case, you must adhere to 4 rules:

Stages of finishing the foundation

Before starting to plaster the foundation, you must:

Beacons are installed as follows:

Using the hydro level, an even strip is drawn on the ground near the foundation. It is important that the indentation from the foundation is almost invisible (2-3 cm), the strip should run close to each other.
At the place where the corner of the wall will intersect with the strip, the peg is installed strictly vertically, and the height of the peg must correspond to the height of the base.
The distance between the peg and the foundation must be filled with mortar. A vertical bump should form, the alignment of which should be done using a building level. Such beacons should be made in all corners, as well as every 1.5-2 meters.
3 nails should be driven into the pegs intended for corner beacons, on which it is necessary to pull the lace. This lace will work as a reference point for plastering the foundation under the stone. Accordingly, after pulling the lace, 3 lines will appear: below, in the middle and on top of the base. It is important to remember that between the laces and the beacons themselves, there is an opening of 1 mm.

How to plaster a foundation? There is nothing complicated in the further process.

First of all, you should wait for the lighthouses to dry, after which it is necessary to spray the foundation. First of all, it is wetted with water. After that, using a ladle or trowel, the cement mortar is sprayed, prepared in advance according to the above rules. The permissible layer thickness varies between 5-9 mm.
After the "spray" dries up, a more liquid primer should be applied on top of it.
After the primer has set, the coating composition should be applied - thicker and more plastic. It is this composition that is a plaster mortar with waterproofers and plasticizers.
The last step involves mashing the surface. This process achieves the smoothest surface possible and also allows it to be leveled. Grouting is carried out using a special grater, which has a fine metal mesh. You can also use foam or some other special tools. The most important thing is to choose the right moment for mashing. In this case, the plaster should not be completely dry, but it should already be seized. You can make plaster in a variety of ways - under a stone, or give it a relief surface.